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DOMINION COVENANT: GENESIS Other Books by Gary North THE DOMINION COVENANT: GENESIS Other books by Gary North Marxk Religion of Revolution, 1968 An Introduction to Christian Economics, 1973 Unconditional Surrender, 1981 Successjiul Investing in an Age of Envy, 1981 Government by Em~gency, 1983 The Last Train Out, 1983 Backward, Christian Soldiers?, 1984 75 Bible Questions RUT Instructors Pray lbu Won’t Ask, 1984 Coined Freedom: Gold in the Age of the Bureaucrats, 1984 Moses and Pharaoh, 1985 Negatrends, 1985 The Sinai Strategy, 1986 Unho~ Spirits: Occultism and New Age Humanism, 1986 Conspiracy: A Biblical View, 1986 Honest Money, 1986 Fighting Chance, 1986 [with Arthur Robinson] Dominion and Common Grace, 1987 Inherit the Earth, 1987 Is the World Running Down?, 1987 The Pirate Economy, 1987 Lib~ating Planet Earth, 1987 (Spanish) La Liberacibn de la Tierra, 1987 The Scourge: AIDS and the Coming Bankrupky, 1987 Tools of Dominion, 1988 Books edited by Gary North Foundations of Christian Scholarship, 1976 Tactics of Christian Resistance, 1983 The Theology of Christian Resistance, 1983 Editor, Journal of Christian Reconstruction (1974-1981) THE DOMINION COVENANT: GENESIS An Economic Commentary on the Bible Volume 1 Gary North Institute for Christian Economics Tyler, Texas Copyright 01982, 1987 by Gary North Second Printing, Revised, 1987 All rights reserved. Written permission must be secured from the publisher to use or reproduce any part of this book, except for brief quotations in critical reviews or articles. Published in Tyler, Texas by Institute for Christian Economics Distributed by Dominion Press 7112 Burns Street, Fort Worth, Texas 76118 Typesetting by Thoburn Press, Tyler, Texas Printed in the United States of America ISBN 0-930464-03-6 This book is dedicated to Henry M. Morris John C. Whitcomb two scholars who, as outsiders to the “guild,” were willing to challenge the evolutionary presuppositions and conclu- sions of another academic discipline, geology. Without their pioneering work, I could not have written this book. TABLE OF CONTENTS General Introduction to The Dominion Covenant. ix Introduction . ..xxix l. Cosmic Personalism . 1 2. Purpose, Order, and Sovereignty . 12 3. The Dominion Covenant. 27 4. Economic Value: Objective and Subjective . 37 5. God’s Week and Man’s Week. 66 6. The Value of Gold. 78 7. Subordination and Fulfillment . 84 8. The God-Designed Harmony of Interests . 90 9. Costs, Choices, and Tests.. ...100 10. Scarcity: Curse and Blessing . ... 111 11. The Burden of Time . .118 12. Primitive Nomads . ...132 13. To Keep a Brother . ...139 14. The Ecological Covenant . .145 15. The World Trade Incentive . ...150 16. Investment and Character . 156 17. The Growth of Human Capital . ...162 18. Competitive Bargaining . ..177 19. The Uses of Deception . ..184 20. Contingency Planning.. .198 21. The Law of Diminishing Returns . ...204 22. The Blessing of Responsibility . ...213 23. The Entrepreneurial Function . ...219 24. The Misapplication of Intrinsic Value . 231 25. Conclusion . .238 APPENDIX A – From Cosmic Purposelessness to Humanistic Sovereignty . ...245 vii v THE DOMINION COVENANT: GENESIS APPENDIX B – The Evolutionists’ Defense of the Market . ...323 APPENDIX C – Cosmologies in Conflict: Creation vs. Evolution . ...357 APPENDIX D – Basic Implications of the Six-Day Creation .. 425 APPENDIX E – Witnesses and Judges . 455 BIBLIOGRAPHY . ...471 SCRIPTURE INDEX . ...477 GENERAL INDEX . ...485 WHAT IS THE ICE? . ...507 GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE DOMINION COVENANT (1987) The Dominion Covenant is a multi-volume economiccommentary on the Bible. As I explain in the Introduction to Genesis (next see- tion), the biblical covenant is structured into five sections. This cove- nant model is discussed at length by Ray R. Sutton in his pioneering book, That MU May Prosper: Dominion By Covenant (1987 ).1 The five points of the biblical covenant model are: 1. Transcendence/immanence 2. Authority/hierarchy 3. Ethics/dominion 4. Judgment/sanctions 5. Inheritance/continuity The covenant establishes the judicial basis of the personal rela- tionship between God and man. There can be no relationship be- tween God and man apart from a covenant. This is why Genesis 1:26-28 is truly a covenant: it establishes the basis of the relationship between God and man. God the sovereign Creator (point one) cre- ates man to serve as His representative over the creation (point two), commanding mankind to be fruitful and multiply (point five) and ex- ercise dominion (point three). Man is actually defined by God in terms of this dominion covenant, or what is sometimes called the cul- tural mandate. This covenant governs all four God-mandated human governments: individual, family, church, and civil. The five books of Moses (the Pentateuch) are themselves pres- ented in the same order as the biblical covenant model, This is a very important piece of evidence in favor of the five-point biblical 1. Tyler, Texas: Institute for Christian Economics. ix x THE DOMINION COVENANT: GENESIS covenant model. Those who reject Sutton’s thesis need to present an alternative model, one which fits the Pentateuch better, and one which also fits the Ten Commandments better, since they are also structured in terms of the five-point model: 1-5 and 6-10.2 Critics need to understand that old political aphorism: ‘You can’t beat something with nothing.” It is not enough to mumble that “Sutton’s book tries to prove too much” or “There are lots of different models in the Bible .“ There are indeed lots of biblical models, and all of them are to be understood either in terms of the Trinip or the covenant model. We begin and end all biblical studies with God and with the God-man relationship: Trinity and covenant. This is why Sutton’s book is the most important single theological breakthrough since the early Christian creeds that formulated the orthodox doctrine of the Trin- ity. It will be regarded as a major turning point in the history of Christian doctrine. And the realization that an obscure pastor in East Texas made this historic breakthrough has sent his critics into a dither. They much prefer to deny its importance. After all, if it were really that important, each of them devoutly believes, he would have discovered it! The Pentateuch’s Five-Point Covenant Structures Genesis clearly is a book dealing with God’s transcendence. Transcendence is point one of the biblical covenant model. Its open- ing words affirm God as Creator, testifying to God’s absolute tran- scendence, the foundation of the Creator-creature distinction: “In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth” (Gen. 1:1). But true transcendence also involves immanence, the presence of God with His people. He speaks with Adam, and judges Adam and Eve when He returns to the garden. He speaks to Cain, Noah, and Abraham. He establishes a covenant with Abraham and promises to be with Abraham and Abraham’s heirs forever (Gen. 17:7). Exodus is clearly the book of the covenant itself. God establishes 2. Gary North, The Sinai Strategy Economics and the Ten Commandments (Tyler, Texas: Institute for Christian Economics, 1986), Preface. 3. There are continuing rumors that certain faculty members of a particular Cal- vinist seminary have been discussing the five-point covenant structure of the Pen- tateuch for manv vears. But which five points? That is the auestion. Discussions in ./ . A private are one thing; having the courage to go into print to defend a highly contro- versial, career-jeopardizing thesis is something else. Faint heart ne’er produced fair paradigm shift. General Introduction to The Dominion Covenant . xi His authority over them by delivering them out of Egypt. He also establishes the hierarchical principle of representation. Hierarchy is point two of the biblical covenant model. The principle of represen- tation is manifested with God’s call to Moses out of the burning bush, telling him to go before Pharaoh as His representative. God delivers the Israelites from Egypt, and then He meets with Moses, their representative, at Sinai. In Exodus 18, Moses establishes a hierarchical appeals court system, whereupon God meets with Moses as Israel’s representative and delivers His covenant law. The Book of Exodus is a book about rival kings and rival kingdoms, God vs. Pharaoh. Men must subordinate themselves either to God or Satan through their covenantal representatives. The Book of Exodus is easily divided into five sections: the inter- vention of God into history to deliver His people; the establishment of Israel’s judicial hierarchy; the giving of the law; the judgment of Israel after the golden calf incident; and the building of the taber- nacle, which they would carry with them into Canaan. Leviticus is the book that records the establishing of Israel’s ritual and moral boundaries. It is therefore about dominion, for boundaries in the Bible are always associated with dominion. The third point of the biblical covenant deals with boundaries. The third command- ment deals with the prohibition of obscenit y, false oaths, and incan- tations (magical power), thereby affirming dominion through ethics,4 and the eighth commandment parallels the third. “Thou shalt not steal” is a command regarding ownership boundaries. s The eighth commandment indicates that the concept of boundaries is basic to economic ethics, the third point of the covenant. b Gordon Wenham comments on Leviticus’ place in the Old Testa- ment’s covenant-treaty structure: “(3) The centerpiece of every treaty was the stipulations section. In collections of law, such as Ham- murabi’s, the laws formed the central section. The same holds for the Biblical collections of law. In the treaties a basic stipulation of total fidelity to the suzerain maybe distinguished from the more detailed stipulations covering specific problems. In this terminology ‘Be holy’ could be described as the basic stipulation of Leviticus. The other 4. Ibid., Ctl. 3. 5.
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