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Geology of Northwestern North Park, Colorado

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Geology of Northwestern North Park, Colorado Geology of Northwestern North Park, Colorado By WILLIAM J. HAIL, JR. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 11 A study of the stratigraphy and areal geology of part of the North Park basin Jackson County, Colorado UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1965 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director The U.S. Geological Survey Library has cataloged this publication as follows: Hail, William James, 1922- Geology of northwestern North Park, Colorado. Wash­ ington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1965. v, 133 p. illus., maps, diagrs., table, and portfolio (3 fold. col. maps, diagrs. (1 col.)) 24 cm. (U.S. Geological Survey. Bulletin 1188) Bibliography: p. 125-128. 1. Geology Colorado Jackson Co. 2. Borings Colorado Jack­ son Co. I. Title. II. Title: North Park, Colorado. (Series) For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.G. 20402 CONTENTS Page Abstract.._.____________________________________________________ 1 Introduction. ____._____.-._._______-_______-__-____--_--___-_---__ 3 Location _________________-__-_-______-__---____-----___-___-- 3 Previous work________.__._..-.________-_______-_--_________ 4 Fieldwork.___.__-___...__.____-_____-_-_---___------______-__ 5 Geography ___________________________________________________ 5 Topography. _________________________________________________ 5 Drainage._ ______-_---___-___------_----_-----------_-__.----- 6 Climate and vegetation__._____-__-__-___---_---___-______--_- 7 Industry. ________-------_----------------------------_------- 7 Accessibility ..............^................................... 8 Precambrian crystalline rocks._____-_-_-_-_-____-__-_--_-_-____-__-_ 8 Metamorphic rocks.-_-.__-_----_-----_-_-_--__--------______--- 9 Intrusive rocks.__-----_-----------------------------------_--- 11 Sedimentary rocks.-_-__----_--_--------_----_-------------.-_--._.. 11 Permian and Triassic Systems -------------_-------------_--- 14 Chugwater Formation....__________________________________ 14 Jurassic System.___--___-__-_-_---.--_-------_-----_--___-__--- 20 Sundance Formation.._____________________________________ 20 Morrison Formation..._____-_-__------__--__----__._.___-. 25 Cretaceous System ________-_-_---__--_-_-_---_----_--___-_- 30 Lower Cretaceous Series...-_-----_-------__-_--_-___-_--_-- 30 Dakota Sandstone._--__---------------------------.--- 30 Lower and Upper Cretaceous Series..'.__--__.____._-____..._. 40 Benton Shale.._....__.-_. ._._.__.__..__....._....... 40 Upper Cretaceous Series...-_---_---------------_-_-_.--_--. 48 Niobrara Formation.___-.-__--__---__-___-_-_____-____ 48 Pierre Shale_________-__-___-----___------__________ 54 Tertiary System..._._.___..___.....___.__.________________ 63 Paleocene and Eocene Series..---__--__---_-_---_________-_- 63 Coalmont Formation....-._____-----__-___-_-_______.__ 63 Oligocene Series.--_____-___-__--_-_-----__----_--_________ 73 White River Formation._._--_------_-__-_-_-___._.____ 73 Miocene Series.__.________.__-__--------___-----__._.__-__ 74 North Park Formation.____-__---_--___-.-__--__.__.__. 74 Pliocene(?) Series_________-----_---_-_-_-__-_--__________ 85 Local boulder conglomerate__--._------____--_-_____-_._ 85 Quaternary System.__.____._...___.___-_---___._-___._._._..._ 86 Pleistocene Series..______-___-_-__-__----_-__-__-________-_ 86 Drift of glaciation 1__._.____-____-__.________.____.__ 87 Older terrace gravels.-_-_--__-_---_________-______.-___ 89 Drift of glaciation 2__ .............^.................. 91 Drift of glaciation 3__.-__--..___-_.-_____-_..._-...-_ 94 in IV CONTENTS Sedimemtary rocks Continued Quaternary System Continued Page Recent Series.____________________________________________ 97 Cirque deposits____---_-____--___-_-______-___-__-___ 97 Travertine.._ _________________________________________ 98 Alluvium. ____________________________________________ 99 Quaternary undifferentiated__.____ _______________________. 99 Alluvial-fan and pediment gravels.______________________ 99 Colluvium, hill wash, and landslides._____________________ 100 Structure.______________--______-_-----__-----_----__---___-______ 100 Major features.___________________-_-_--------________________ 100 Folds and faults......_....._.__._..___._______..._____._._ 102 Walden syncline &to&...................................... 102 Independence Mountain area.______--------.___-____---_.__ 103 Pearl area._--__-----------_---------------_-------------- 106 Central thrust-fault belt_____.------------------------------ 106 Western lowlands area.___--_----__----_--________-_-----_- 111 Basin-margin area.________________________________________ 112 North Park syncline area....--__--_--------____-_--__._____ 114 Age of deformation.__-______---_-_-_-_-_------__-_--__________ 115 Economic geology.______--____-___-_-----_--__--__.____---_.______ 118 Coal. ______._.._.__._________-_-._____________._..___._ 118 Gravel.----------.------------------------------------------- 120 Oil and gas_ __-_---_-----___---------------_---__------------- 120 Copper and gold__ _-______--_-_-_--__---___-___._--______-___ 123 Fluorspar__..________.__-_-_____-__-______________.____._-__ 124 Uranium._-___________-____-_-_-___-__--___-_____________-_._ 124 References cited.____-_-____---__---_--__--_-_---____.___-_______-_ 125 Index...-.-----_-_-------_-_-_-_-_-----__--___-----.-_-_-------__ 129 ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates are in plate volume] PLATE 1. Geologic map of the Pearl and Independence Mountain quadrangles, Colorado. 2. Geologic map of the Boettcher Lake and Lake John quadrangles, Colorado. 3. Geologic map of .the Pitchpine Mountain and Delaney Butte quad­ rangles, Colorado. 4. Generalized section of pre-Quaternary rocks exposed in northwestern North Park, Colo. 5. Geologic sections, northwestern North Park, Colo. FIGURE 1. Index map__________-_____-___----__-_____--__-----_-- 4 2. Photograph of layered felsic gneiss_.___._____-_-__-_-___- 10 3. Correlation of pre-Tertiary sedimentary rocks.__________-_-- 12 4-7. Photographs showing 4. Conglomeratic sandstone in the Lytle equivalent of the Dakota Sandstone.---_-__---_---_____---_-------- 32 5. Weathered slope on outcrop of the Mowry Shale Member of the Benton Shale._______-____..__._---_-------- 41 CONTENTS FIGURE 6. Resistant sandstone and limestone beds at the top of the Codell Sandstone Member.________________________ 43 7. Contact of the Fort Hays Limestone Member of the Niobrara Formation with the Codell Sandstone Member at the top of the Benton Shale____________________ 50 8. Partial composite section of the Coalmont Formation in the northeast part of the area._____________________________ 66 9-14. Photographs showing 9. Conglomerate in the basal beds of the Coalmont Formation _______.__-__--__-__-.________..______-_ 68 10. Sandstone in the upper part of the Coalmont Formation. 69 11. Gravelly beds in the lower part of the North Park Formation... _____________________________________ 77 12. Terminal moraine surfaces of glaciation 2 and glaciation 3. 92 13. Glaciofluvial terrace gravel of glaciation 2_........... 93 14. Till of glaciation 3_.-.-.-._--..--------.---_---.-.-. 96 15. Index map of North Park showing some major tectonic features. ______________________________________________ 101 TABLE p TABLE 1. Suggested correlation of glacial deposits, northern Colorado mountains. _ ________________________________________ GEOLOGY OF NORTHWESTERN NORTH PARK, COLORADO By WILLIAM J. HAIL, JR. ABSTRACT Northwestern North Park is an area of about 340 square miles, occupying the northwestern part of the North Park basin, Jackson County, Colo. North Park is a large intermontane topographic basin, almost surnounded by mountain ranges, that constitutes the northern half of the North Park-Middle Park struc­ tural basin. The east flank of the Park Range forms the western border of the area. Independence Mountain is a prominent highland which crosses the northern part of the area. A narrow north-trending highland area, including Delaney Butte and Sheep Mountain, extends through the north-central part of the area. Maximum elevations of the various highland areas range from about 9,300 to 11,600 feet. The remainder of the area is lowlands, generally of little relief, ranging in elevation from about 7,900 to 8,600 feet. The entire area 4s drained by the north-flowing North Platte River. The climate is characterized by long cold winters and short cool summers. Rainfall is variable: the border­ ing mountainous areas are moist, and the basin lowlands are arid. Stock rais­ ing is the principal occupation.; timber resources1 are abundant. Precambrian crystalline rocks in the area are divided into two mapped units: a metamorphic complex consisting chiefly of gneiss, and a younger igneous in­ trusive body consisting chiefly of quartz monzonite. Precambrian rocks form most of the highlands which, in the northern part of the area, consist mainly of metamorphic rocks, and in the southern part, of quartz monzonite. The most abundant metamorphic rocks are felsic gneiss of granitic or quartz monzonitic composition and hornblende gneiss; pegmatite is locally abundant. The intru­ sive quartz monzonite is a pink, red, or gray medium-grained rock of granitic texture. Its average composition is 35 percent quartz, 32 percent oligoclase, 28 percent microcline, and 5 percent biotite. The sedimentary rock sequence ranges in age from Late Permian to Quater­ nary. Sedimentary rocks older than Late Permian are absent owing
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