DOCSLIB.ORG

Venus Rising

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Venus Rising Venus Rising South African Astronomical Beliefs, Customs and Observations P.G. Alcock Venus Rising Venus Rising South African Astronomical Beliefs, Customs and Observations P.G. Alcock Venus Rising: South African Astronomical Beliefs, Customs and Observations. Copyright © 2014 P.G. Alcock, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior permission from the copyright holder, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. This book has been catalogued as follows: Alcock, P.G. Venus Rising: South African Astronomical Beliefs, Customs and Observations/by P.G. Alcock; First edition, 2014. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-919966-04-5 Dewey No. 398.3620968 Page design and layout: Jo Marwick, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Key terms for the book: • African indigenous celestial knowledge; • African concepts of heaven and the supreme being; • The Moon, the Sun and the stars as well as solar eclipses and lunar eclipses, comets and meteors in South Africa; • South African poems, riddles and other expressions associated with the heavens; • South African place names linked to celestial bodies. Also published by the same author: Alcock, P.G., 2010. Rainbows in the Mist: Indigenous Weather Knowledge, Beliefs and Folklore in South Africa, South African Weather Service, Pretoria, 582 pp. From Silimela Son of Makinana Summon the nations, let’s apportion the stars: Let the stars be apportioned. You Sotho, Take Canopus, To share with the Tswana and Chopi, And all of those nations in loin cloths. You of KwaZulu, Take Orion’s Belt, To share with the Swazi, the Chopi and Shangaan, As well as uncircumcised nations. You Britons, take Venus, To divide with the Germans and Boers, Though you are folk who don’t know how to share. We’ll divide up the Pleiades, we peoples of Phalo, That great group of stars, For they’re stars for counting off years, For counting the years of manhood, For counting the years of manhood, The years of manhood. I disappear! Samuel Edward Krune Mqhayi, Xhosa poet (1875–1945). Source: Opland (1992); Eve (2003). i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to sincerely thank Ms W. Leeb, Mrs P. Weston, Ms A. Zaverdinos and Prof C. Plug for their help in securing a number of old or obscure references. Thanks are also due to Miss K. Nixon who kindly allowed me access to her extensive collection of Africana. I am likewise grateful to J.M. Feely who assisted me with information on Xhosa celestial bodies. Messrs T.P. Cooper and W.P. Koorts as well as Ms S. Davies were always willing to help with data on southern African comets. Prof. K. Snedegar very generously sent me a copy of his unpublished manuscript on South African indigenous astronomical knowledge. T.P. Cooper; Dr I.S. Glass, C. Rijsdijk and C. Turk read the more technical sections of the book and made a number of suggestions to improve the content. Their input is highly appreciated. Prof. P.S. Groenewald was most helpful in tracing rare publications on Tswana beliefs and customs, and provided valuable assistance on Northern Sotho linguistics. Prof. D. Ambrose, in similar vein, kindly assisted me with Southern Sotho material. Prof. A. Wilkes was likewise very helpful in respect of the Southern Ndebele. The current author, however, is fully responsible for any errors in the text. A book on South African indigenous knowledge, written by the present author, was published by the South African Weather Service in 2010. The book is entitled: Rainbows in the Mist: Indigenous Weather Knowledge, Beliefs and Folklore in South Africa. This book is a companion volume to the current publication, which was funded by the Department of Science and Technology in Pretoria, with the project being administered via North-West University. The author is most grateful to both agencies for their financial and logistical support. Jo Marwick played a major role in the book’s reaching fruition, in terms of her dedicated editing and layout skills. Finally, I must thank my Louise for giving me the space needed to write this book. I owe her much more than I can ever repay. Neither the copyright holder of a translated extract from the Xhosa poem: Silimela Son of Makinana (Opland, 1992; Eve, 2003), nor the copyright holder of the poem: Ode to Nkwenkweland (Samuelson, 1974) could be traced, despite sustained efforts. Apologies are tendered should any infringement of copyright have occurred, which will be rectified in subsequent impressions of the book. The picture on the front cover is reproduced by kind courtesy of Pieter Arie Binsbergen (1969– ), artist, Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria, Pretoria. ii CONTENTS Page Chapter 1: Preamble ...................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Heaven including the Sun ............................................................. 11 A discussion of primary African deities and creation .............................................. 11 The San ...................................................................................................... 11 The Khoikhoi ............................................................................................... 22 The Zulu ..................................................................................................... 27 The Swazi ................................................................................................... 29 The Ndebele ................................................................................................ 29 The Xhosa ................................................................................................... 30 The Venda ................................................................................................... 32 The Tsonga .................................................................................................. 33 The Sotho-Tswana ........................................................................................ 34 The Lemba .................................................................................................. 36 Other beliefs ................................................................................................ 37 Linguistic terms used to describe east and west ..................................................... 38 General solar beliefs ........................................................................................ 39 The San ...................................................................................................... 39 The Khoikhoi ............................................................................................... 49 The Northern Sotho ....................................................................................... 51 The Southern Sotho (Basotho) ......................................................................... 52 The Tswana ................................................................................................. 52 The Zulu ..................................................................................................... 55 The Xhosa …… ............................................................................................. 57 The Swazi …… ............................................................................................. 60 The Tsonga .................................................................................................. 61 The Venda …… ............................................................................................. 62 Retarding the passage of the Sun ........................................................................ 63 Times of the day and night ................................................................................ 63 The summer and winter solstice ......................................................................... 64 The seasons in southern Africa ........................................................................... 65 Heavenly bodies as national and other symbols in South Africa ................................ 69 A significant hill .............................................................................................. 71 Some mythical creatures and beings of the night .................................................... 71 Riddles and other expressions relating to the Sun ................................................... 74 The Northern Sotho ....................................................................................... 74 The Southern Sotho (Basotho) ......................................................................... 75 The Tswana ................................................................................................. 75 The Tsonga .................................................................................................. 76 The Venda ................................................................................................... 77 The Lemba .................................................................................................. 79 The Xhosa ................................................................................................... 79 The Swazi ................................................................................................... 80 The Zulu ..................................................................................................... 80 The Southern Ndebele ..................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vascular Plant Survey of Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve, Malawi
    YIKA-VWAZA TRUST RESEARCH STUDY REPORT N (2017/18) Vascular Plant Survey of Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve, Malawi By Sopani Sichinga ([email protected]) September , 2019 ABSTRACT In 2018 – 19, a survey on vascular plants was conducted in Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve. The reserve is located in the north-western Malawi, covering an area of about 986 km2. Based on this survey, a total of 461 species from 76 families were recorded (i.e. 454 Angiosperms and 7 Pteridophyta). Of the total species recorded, 19 are exotics (of which 4 are reported to be invasive) while 1 species is considered threatened. The most dominant families were Fabaceae (80 species representing 17. 4%), Poaceae (53 species representing 11.5%), Rubiaceae (27 species representing 5.9 %), and Euphorbiaceae (24 species representing 5.2%). The annotated checklist includes scientific names, habit, habitat types and IUCN Red List status and is presented in section 5. i ACKNOLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, let me thank the Nyika–Vwaza Trust (UK) for funding this work. Without their financial support, this work would have not been materialized. The Department of National Parks and Wildlife (DNPW) Malawi through its Regional Office (N) is also thanked for the logistical support and accommodation throughout the entire study. Special thanks are due to my supervisor - Mr. George Zwide Nxumayo for his invaluable guidance. Mr. Thom McShane should also be thanked in a special way for sharing me some information, and sending me some documents about Vwaza which have contributed a lot to the success of this work. I extend my sincere thanks to the Vwaza Research Unit team for their assistance, especially during the field work.
    [Show full text]
  • Boston Symphony Orchestra Concert Programs, Summer, 2001, Tanglewood
    SEMI OIAWA MUSIC DIRECTOR BERNARD HAITINK PRINCIPAL GUEST CONDUCTOR • i DALE CHIHULY INSTALLATIONS AND SCULPTURE / "^ik \ *t HOLSTEN GALLERIES CONTEMPORARY GLASS SCULPTURE ELM STREET, STOCKBRIDGE, MA 01262 . ( 41 3.298.3044 www. holstenga I leries * Save up to 70% off retail everyday! Allen-Edmoi. Nick Hilton C Baccarat Brooks Brothers msSPiSNEff3svS^:-A Coach ' 1 'Jv Cole-Haan v2^o im&. Crabtree & Evelyn OB^ Dansk Dockers Outlet by Designs Escada Garnet Hill Giorgio Armani .*, . >; General Store Godiva Chocolatier Hickey-Freeman/ "' ft & */ Bobby Jones '.-[ J. Crew At Historic Manch Johnston & Murphy Jones New York Levi's Outlet by Designs Manchester Lion's Share Bakery Maidenform Designer Outlets Mikasa Movado Visit us online at stervermo OshKosh B'Gosh Overland iMrt Peruvian Connection Polo/Ralph Lauren Seiko The Company Store Timberland Tumi/Kipling Versace Company Store Yves Delorme JUh** ! for Palais Royal Phone (800) 955 SHOP WS »'" A *Wtev : s-:s. 54 <M 5 "J* "^^SShfcjiy ORIGINS GAUCftV formerly TRIBAL ARTS GALLERY, NYC Ceremonial and modern sculpture for new and advanced collectors Open 7 Days 36 Main St. POB 905 413-298-0002 Stockbridge, MA 01262 Seiji Ozawa, Music Director Ray and Maria Stata Music Directorship Bernard Haitink, Principal Guest Conductor One Hundred and Twentieth Season, 2000-2001 SYMPHONY HALL CENTENNIAL SEASON Trustees of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Inc. Peter A. Brooke, Chairman Dr. Nicholas T. Zervas, President Julian Cohen, Vice-Chairman Harvey Chet Krentzman, Vice-Chairman Deborah B. Davis, Vice-Chairman Vincent M. O'Reilly, Treasurer Nina L. Doggett, Vice-Chairman Ray Stata, Vice-Chairman Harlan E. Anderson John F. Cogan, Jr. Edna S.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies in Plains Indian Folklore
    STUDIES IN PLAINS INDIAN FOLKLORE BY ROBERT H. LOWIE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS IN AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND ETHNOLOGY Volume 40, No. 1, pp. 1-28 UNIYERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES 1942 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS IN AmERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND ETHNOLOGY EDIToRtS: A. L. KROEBER, R. H. LowI, T. D. MOCOWN, R. L. OLSON Volume 40, No. 1, pp. 1-28 Submitted by editors September 4, 1940 Issued April 23, 1942 Price, 35 cents UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY, CALIFORNI CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON, ENGLAND PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA STUDIES IN PLAINS INDIAN FOLKLORE BY ROBERT H. LOWIE INTRODUCTION IN THE SUMMER Of 1910 and 1911 I visited the Hidatsa and Mandan at Fort Berthold Reservation in North Dakota, my primary object being the study of their age societies for the American Museum of Natural History. During one of these sojourns I obtained from Wolf-chief the following version of the Grandson myth, Englished by Good-bird, which presents several points of theoretical interest. About twenty years later Professor Beckwith visited the same tribes, procuring a very full version of the story from Bear's-arm and some fragmentary data from Arthur Mandan.' In addition there are six pub- lished Crow versions,2 as well as two unpublished ones in my possession; the fullest of my variants has appeared in English and is now available in the original. The present purpose is not to present a complete comparative study, which would inevitably merge in a consideration of the Lodge Boy and Spring Boy cycle, and thence of the Twin myths of the New World, but rather to concen- trate on immediately relevant comparative material and, through it, gain light on the processes of differentiation.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthesis Volume 10: 2014 -2015 Botany: an Interdisciplinary Science
    Anthesis Volume 10: 2014 -2015 Botany: An Interdisciplinary Science Annual Publication of Gargi College Botanical Society Department of Botany Gargi College, Siri Fort Road New Delhi-110049 1 Anthesis Volume 10: 2014-2015 Special Focus: Botany: An Interdisciplinary Science Department of Botany Gargi College, Siri Fort Road New Delhi-110049 Cover Page Design: Leena Arora 2 Anthesis Volume 10: 2014-2015 Special Focus: Botany: An Interdisciplinary Science Contents All the topics listed below have been hyper-linked to the corresponding articles. Click on the topics to read the article. You can come back to the contents page by clicking on the link at the end of every article. Page S.No. Topic No. 1. From the Principal’s Desk 5 2. From the Editor’s Desk 6 Articles 3. Diamonds in My Backyard 8 4. Chemistry of Plant Life: At a Glance 11 5. Flashlight on Facts: Plant Nomenclature 15 6. What’s in a Name? 20 7. Wonders of Nature: Look alikes 23 8. Forensic Botany: Plant Detectives 28 9. Virus Induced Gene Silencing 32 Some Interesting Trees 10. 41 Dendrology: The Wood Science 11. 44 12. Gymnosperms: Treasure Trove of Medicines 48 13. Ayurveda: As Relevant Now 51 The Mushroom Story 14. 53 15. Agriculture Redefined 56 16. The Ficus Siblings 58 17. Student Research Projects 61 18. My Introduction to Floral World 64 3 19. Flamboyant Miracles: Blooms 69 20. Career Options in Horticulture 73 Students’ Opinion 21. Will I Be Educated? 76 22. Being A Botanist 78 23. Go Break Those Boundaries!!! 81 24. Famous Plant: Lavender 82 25.
    [Show full text]
  • App-F3-Ecology.Pdf
    June 2016 ZITHOLELE CONSULTING (PTY) LTD Terrestrial Ecosystems Assessment for the proposed Kendal 30 Year Ash Dump Project for Eskom Holdings (Revision 1) Submitted to: Zitholele Consulting Pty (Ltd) Report Number: 13615277-12416-2 (Rev1) Distribution: REPORT 1 x electronic copy Zitholele Consulting (Pty) Ltd 1 x electronic copy e-Library 1 x electronic copy project folder TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS ASSESSMENT - ESKOM HOLDINGS Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Site Location ........................................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 PART A OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................................ 2 3.0 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................................ 2 4.0 ECOLOGICAL BASELINE CONDITIONS ............................................................................................................ 2 4.1 General Biophysical Environment ............................................................................................................ 2 4.1.1 Grassland biome................................................................................................................................ 3 4.1.2 Eastern Highveld
    [Show full text]
  • Scholarly Program Notes on the Graduate Vocal Recital of Madalyn Mentor Madalyn W
    Southern Illinois University Carbondale OpenSIUC Research Papers Graduate School Spring 4-12-2013 Scholarly Program Notes on the Graduate Vocal Recital of Madalyn Mentor Madalyn W. Mentor Southern Illinois University Carbondale, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/gs_rp Recommended Citation Mentor, Madalyn W., "Scholarly Program Notes on the Graduate Vocal Recital of Madalyn Mentor" (2013). Research Papers. Paper 393. http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/gs_rp/393 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at OpenSIUC. It has been accepted for inclusion in Research Papers by an authorized administrator of OpenSIUC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SCHOLARLY PROGRAM NOTES ON THE GRADUATE VOCAL RECITAL OF MADALYN MENTOR by Madalyn Mentor B.A., Berea College, 2011 A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Music School of Music Southern Illinois University Carbondale May 2013 RESEARCH PAPER APPROVAL SCHOLARLY PROGRAM NOTES ON THE GRADUATE VOCAL RECITAL OF MADALYN MENTOR By Madalyn Mentor A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Music in the field of Vocal Performance Approved by: Dr. Jeanine Wagner, Chair Dr. Susan Davenport Dr. Paul Transue Graduate School Southern Illinois University Carbondale April 12, 2013 AN ABSTRACT OF THE RESEARCH PAPER OF MADALYN MENTOR, for the Master of Music degree in VOCAL PERFORMANCE, presented on April 12, 2013, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: SCHOLARLY PROGRAM NOTES FOR THE GRADUATE VOCAL RECITAL OF MADALYN MENTOR MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • 52 1 Entomologie 14-Xi-1980 Catalogue Des
    Bull. Inst. r. Sei. nat. Belg. Bruxelles Bull. K. Belg. Inst. Nat. Wet. Brussel 14-XI-1980 1 52 1 ENTOMOLOGIE CATALOGUE DES ORTHOPTEROIDES CONSERVES DANS LES COLLECTIONS ENTOMOLOGIQUES DE L'INSTITUT ROYAL DES SCIENCES NATURELLES DE BELGIQUE BLATTOPTEROIDEA : 12me partie: Mantodea PAR P. VANSCHUYTBROECK (Bruxelles) Poursuivant l'inventaire du matériel Orthoptéroïdes des collections de l'Institut, nous publions, ci-dessous, le catalogue de la super-famille des Blattopteroïdea : Mantodea et la liste des exemplaires de valeur typique. La présente mise en ordre, la reche.vohe et l'authentification des types ont été réalisées par l'examen de tous les spécimens des diverses collections et les descr.iptions oüginales et ultérieures (SAUSSURE, STAL, de BORRE, GIGLIO-TOS, WERNER, BEIER, GÜNTHER et ROY). Nous avons suivi dans l'établissement du présent catalogue, la classification « Klassen und Ordnungen des Terreichs » par le Prof. Dr. M. BEIER. La collection de Mantides est fort importante et .comprend les familles suivantes : Chaeteessidae HANDLIRSCH; Metallyticidae CHOPARD; Amorphoscelidae STAL; Eremiaphilidae WOOD-MASON; Hymenopo­ didae CHOPARD; Mantidae BURMEISTER; Empusidae BURMEISTER, comportant 135 genres et 27 4 espèces. 2 P. VANSCHUYTBROECK 52, 29 I. - Famille des CHAETEESSIDAE HANDLIRSCH, 1926 1. - Genre Chaeteessa BURMEISTER, 1833. Chaetteessa BURMEISTER, 1833, Handb. Entom., 2, p. 527 (Hoplophora PERTY). T y p e d u g en r e . - Chaeteessa filata BURMEISTER. 1) Chaeteessa tenuis (PERTY), 1833, Delect. An. artic., 25, p. 127 (Hoplophora). 1 exemplaire : ô; Brésil (det. : SAUSSURE). II. - Famille des METALLYTICIDAE CHOPARD, 1946 2. - Genre Metallycus WESTWOOD, 1835. Metallycus WESTWOOD, 1835, Zool. Journ., 5, p. 441 (Metal­ leutica BURMEISTER). Type du genre .
    [Show full text]
  • Agroforestry Extension Manual for Eastern Zambia
    Agroforestry Extension Manual for Eastern Zambia i RELMA Technical Handbook No. 17 The Technical Handbook Series of the Regional Land Management Unit 1. Curriculum for In-service Training in Agroforestry and Related Subjects in Kenya Edited by Stachys N. Muturi, 1992 (ISBN 9966-896-03-1)( 2. Agroforestry Manual for Extension Workers with Emphasis on Small -Scale Farmers in Eastern Province, Zambia By Samuel Simute, 1992 (ISBN 9966-896-07-4) 3. Guidelines on Agroforestry Extension Planning in Kenya By Bo Tengnäs, 1993 (ISBN 9966-896-11-2) 4. Agroforestry Manual for Extension Workers in Southern Province, Zambia By Jericho Mulofwa with Samuel Simute and Bo Tengnäs, 1994 (ISBN 9966-896-14-7) 5. Useful Trees and Shrubs for Ethiopia: Identification, Propagation and Management for Agricultural and Pastoral Communities By Azene Bekele-Tessema with Ann Birnie and Bo Tengnäs, 1993 (ISBN 9966-896-15-5) 6. Useful Trees and Shrubs for Tanzania: Identification, Propagation and Management for Agricultural and Pastoral Communities By L.P. Mbuya, H.P. Msanga, C.K. Ruffo, Ann Birnie and Bo Tengnäs, 1994 (ISBN 9966- 896-16-3) 7. Soil Conservation in Arusha Region, Tanzania: Manual for Extension Workers with Emphasis on Small-Scale Farmers By Per Assmo with Arne Eriksson, 1994 (ISBN 9966-896-19-8) 8. Curriculum for Training in Soil and Water Conservation in Kenya Edited by Stachys N. Muturi and Fabian S. Muya, 1994 (ISBN 9966-896-20-1) 9. The Soils of Ethiopia: Annotated Bibliography By Berhanu Debele, 1994 (ISBN 9966-896-21-X) 10. Useful Trees and Shrubs for Uganda: Identification, Propagation and Management for Agricultural and Pastoral Communitie By A.B.
    [Show full text]
  • Bacterial Symbionts of the Leafhopper Evacanthus Interruptus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae)
    Protoplasma (2016) 253:379–391 DOI 10.1007/s00709-015-0817-2 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Bacterial symbionts of the leafhopper Evacanthus interruptus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) Teresa Szklarzewicz 1 & Beata Grzywacz2 & Jacek Szwedo3 & Anna Michalik1 Received: 29 January 2015 /Accepted: 6 April 2015 /Published online: 22 April 2015 # The Author(s) 2015. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Plant sap-feeding hemipterans harbor obligate symbi- betaproteobacterial symbionts are transovarially transmitted from otic microorganisms which are responsible for the synthesis of one generation to the next. In the mature female, symbionts leave amino acids missing in their diet. In this study, we characterized the bacteriocytes and gather around the posterior pole of the the obligate symbionts hosted in the body of the xylem-feeding terminal oocytes. Then, they gradually pass through the cyto- leafhopper Evacanthus interruptus (Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae: plasm of follicular cells surrounding the posterior pole of the Evacanthini) by means of histological, ultrastructural and molec- oocyte and enter the space between them and the oocyte. The ular methods. We observed that E. interruptus is associated with bacteria accumulate in the deep depression of the oolemma and two types of symbiotic microorganisms: bacterium ‘Candidatus form a characteristic ‘symbiont ball’. In the light of the results Sulcia muelleri’ (Bacteroidetes) and betaproteobacterium that is obtained, the phylogenetic relationships within modern closely related to symbionts which reside in two other Cicadomorpha and some Cicadellidae subfamilies are discussed. Cicadellidae representatives: Pagaronia tredecimpunctata (Evacanthinae: Pagaronini) and Hylaius oregonensis Keywords Symbiotic microorganisms . Sulcia . (Bathysmatophorinae: Bathysmatophorini). Both symbionts are Bacteriocytes . Transovarial transmission of symbionts .
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Use of Medicinal Plants in South-Central Zimbabwe: Review and Perspectives Alfred Maroyi
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Springer - Publisher Connector Maroyi Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2013, 9:31 http://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/9/1/31 JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE REVIEW Open Access Traditional use of medicinal plants in south-central Zimbabwe: review and perspectives Alfred Maroyi Abstract Background: Traditional medicine has remained as the most affordable and easily accessible source of treatment in the primary healthcare system of resource poor communities in Zimbabwe. The local people have a long history of traditional plant usage for medicinal purposes. Despite the increasing acceptance of traditional medicine in Zimbabwe, this rich indigenous knowledge is not adequately documented. Documentation of plants used as traditional medicines is needed so that the knowledge can be preserved and the utilized plants conserved and used sustainably. The primary objective of this paper is to summarize information on traditional uses of medicinal plants in south-central Zimbabwe, identifying research gaps and suggesting perspectives for future research. Methods: This study is based on a review of the literature published in scientific journals, books, reports from national, regional and international organizations, theses, conference papers and other grey materials. Results: A total of 93 medicinal plant species representing 41 families and 77 genera are used in south-central Zimbabwe. These plant species are used to treat 18 diseases and disorder categories, with the highest number of species used for gastro-intestinal disorders, followed by sexually transmitted infections, cold, cough and sore throat and gynaecological problems. Shrubs and trees (38% each) were the primary sources of medicinal plants, followed by herbs (21%) and climbers (3%).
    [Show full text]
  • National Senior Certificate Grade 11
    NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 11 RELIGION STUDIES P1 EXEMPLAR 2007 MARKS: 150 TIME: 2 hours This question paper consists of 13 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over Religion Studies/P1 2 DoE/Exemplar 2007 NSC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. This question paper consists of FIVE questions. 2. QUESTION 1 is COMPULSORY. Choose TWO questions from the remaining four questions. 3. Read ALL the questions carefully. 4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 5. The length of your answers must be in accordance with the marks allocated to each question. 6. Write neatly and legibly. Copyright reserved Please turn over Religion Studies/P1 3 DoE/Exemplar 2007 NSC QUESTION 1 (COMPULSORY) 1.1 Explain the following terms: 1.1.1 State religion (2) 1.1.2 Secular state (2) 1.1.3 Theism (2) 1.1.4 Neo-paganism (2) 1.1.5 Evangelism (2) 1.2 Various possible options are provided as answers to the following ques- tions. Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (A – D) next to the question number (1.2.1 – 1.2.5) in the answer book, for example 1.2.6 E. 1.2.1 The following religion is one of the non-missionary religions: A Islam B Christianity C Buddhism D Judaism (2) 1.2.2 This concept refers to the conversion from one religion to another: A Revitalisation B Proselytisation C Dialogue D Ecumenism (2) 1.2.3 Which ONE of the following is a syncretistic religion that originated in India? A Christianity B Buddhism C Sikhism D Hinduism (2) 1.2.4 He strongly advocated the conflict theory: A Hans Mol B Siddarta Gautama C Karl Marx D Emile Durkheim (2) 1.2.5 This religion gives protection to animals such as monkeys, snakes and even rats in certain temples: A African Traditional Religion B Baha'i faith C Islam D Hinduism (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over Religion Studies/P1 4 DoE/Exemplar 2007 NSC 1.3 Why do Christians choose the cross as the symbol of their faith? (4) 1.4 Name any THREE missionary religions.
    [Show full text]
  • Deleuze and the Animal
    DELEUZE CONNECTIONS Series Editor: Ian Buchanan DELEUZE CONNECTIONS ‘This book offers us a variety of perspectives both on the animals that we are, and on the animals that we will never be able to know or to become. It is a timely reminder of the Deleuze many processes and relations linking us to the “buzzing, blooming confusion” around us.’ Steven Shaviro, Wayne State University Deleuze and Explores the relationship between Deleuze and the concept of and the the animal in philosophy, aesthetics and ethics This is the first volume to address the animal in Deleuze’s work, despite becoming-animal the Animal being a key concept for Deleuze and Guattari. It shows the ambiguous idea of the animal as human and nonhuman life infiltrating all of Deleuze’s work. Animal In these 16 chapters Deleuze’s entire oeuvre is used in analysing television, film, music, art, drunkenness, mourning, virtual technology, protest, activism, animal rights and abolition. Each chapter questions the premise of the animal and critiques the centrality of the human. This collection creates new questions about what the age of the anthropocene means by Edited by Colin Gardner and Patricia MacCormack ‘animal’ and analyses and explores examples of the unclear boundaries between human and animal. Colin Gardner is Professor of Critical Theory and Integrative Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Patricia MacCormack is Professor of Continental Philosophy at Anglia Ruskin University. Cover design: riverdesign.co.uk ISBN 978-1-4744-2274-1 Edinburgh 9781474 422741 Edited by Colin Gardner and Patricia MacCormack Deleuze and the Animal Deleuze Connections ‘It is not the elements or the sets which define the multiplicity.
    [Show full text]