DOCSLIB.ORG

Micropropagation and Secondary Metabolites of Sclerocarya Birrea

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Micropropagation and Secondary Metabolites of Sclerocarya Birrea MICROPROPAGATION AND SECONDARY METABOLITES OF SCLEROCARYA BIRREA MACK MOYO Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development School of Biological and Conservation Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg DECEMBER 2009 STUDENT DECLARATION Thesis title: Micropropagation and secondary metabolites of Sclerocarya birrea I, MACK MOYO, student number - 205526161, declare that: (i) The research reported in this dissertation, except where otherwise indicated, is the result of my own endeavours in the Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg; (ii) This dissertation has not been submitted for any degrees or examination at any other University; (iii) This thesis does not contain data, figures or writing, unless specifically acknowledged, copied from other researchers; and (iv) Where I have reproduced a publication of which I am an author or co-author, I have indicated which part of the publication was contributed by me. Signed at ……………………….…………on the ………..day of……………………… 2010. __________________________ SIGNATURE i DECLARATION BY SUPERVISORS We hereby declare that we acted as Supervisors for this PhD student: Student‟s Full Name: MACK MOYO Student Number: 205526161 Thesis Title: Micropropagation and secondary metabolites of Sclerocarya birrea Regular consultation took place between the student and ourselves throughout the investigation. We advised the student to the best of our ability and approved the final document for submission to the Faculty of Science and Agriculture Higher Degrees Office for examination by the University appointed Examiners. __________________________ SUPERVISOR: PROFESSOR J VAN STADEN ________________________ CO-SUPERVISOR: DR JF FINNIE ii DECLARATION 1 - PLAGIARISM I, MACK MOYO, student number - 205526161, declare that: 1. The research reported in this thesis, except where otherwise indicated is my original research. 2. This thesis has not been submitted for any degree or examination at any other university. 3. This thesis does not contain other persons‟ data, pictures, graphs or other information, unless specifically acknowledged as being sourced from other persons. 4. This thesis does not contain other persons' writing, unless specifically acknowledged as being sourced from other researchers. Where other written sources have been quoted, then: a. Their words have been re-written but the general information attributed to them has been referenced b. Where their exact words have been used, then their writing has been placed in italics and inside quotation marks, and referenced. 5. This thesis does not contain text, graphics or tables copied and pasted from the Internet, unless specifically acknowledged, and the source being detailed in the thesis and in the References sections. Signed: iii DECLARATION 2- PUBLICATIONS DETAILS OF CONTRIBUTION TO PUBLICATIONS that form part and/or include research presented in this thesis (including publications in preparation, submitted, in press and published and details of the contributions of each author to the experimental work and writing of each publication). PUBLICATION 1 MACK MOYO, MANOJ J KULKARNI, JEFFREY F FINNIE, JOHANNES VAN STADEN (2009). After-ripening, light conditions, and cold stratification influence germination of Marula [Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. subsp. caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro] seeds. HortScience 4: 119-124. Contributions: Laboratory experiments were performed by the first author under the supervision of Prof Johannes Van Staden and Dr Jeffrey F Finnie. Dr Manoj G Kulkarni assisted with data analysis. PUBLICATION 2 MACK MOYO, JEFFREY F FINNIE, JOHANNES VAN STADEN (2009). In vitro morphogenesis of organogenic nodules derived from Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra leaf explants. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 98: 273-280. Contributions: All laboratory experiments and microscopy work were done by the first author under the supervision of Prof Johannes Van Staden and Dr Jeffrey F Finnie. PUBLICATION 3 MACK MOYO, JEFFREY F FINNIE, JOHANNES VAN STADEN. Caulogenesis, rhizogenesis and tissue browning in Sclerocarya birrea. Plant Growth Regulation (In preparation). iv Contributions: All laboratory experiments and scanning electron microscopy work were done by the first author under the guidance of my PhD supervisors, Prof Johannes Van Staden and Dr Jeffrey F Finnie. Signed: v CONFERENCE PUBLICATIONS DETAILS OF CONTRIBUTION TO CONFERENCES that form part and/or include research presented in this thesis: 1. Fourth World Congress on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (WOCMAP IV): 9–14 November 2008; Cape Town International Conference Centre, Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA. Title of Poster: M MOYO, MG KULKARNI, JF FINNIE, J VAN STADEN (2008). After-ripening, light conditions and cold stratification of marula [Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich) Hochst. subsp. caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro] seeds. 2. Thirty-fifth Annual Conference of the South African Association of Botanists (SAAB): 19–22 January 2009; Stellenbosch University, SOUTH AFRICA. Title of Paper: M MOYO, JF FINNIE, J VAN STADEN (2009). In vitro morphogenesis of organogenic nodules derived from Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra leaf explants. vi ABSTRACT Sclerocarya birrea (marula, Anacardiaceae) is a highly-valued indigenous tree in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa because of its medicinal and nutritional properties. The marula tree is adapted to the semi-arid conditions that characterise most parts of sub- Saharan Africa and renders them unsuitable for conventional crop agriculture. The unique nutritional properties of marula and its high tolerance to dry conditions provide opportunities for its development into a plantation crop. On the other hand, the demand for marula plant parts, mainly the bark and roots as medicinal remedies, poses a great threat to wild populations. In the long term, the growing demand of marula products in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries will not be sustainable from wild populations alone. Plant tissue culture technologies can be useful for in vitro manipulation and mass propagation of the plant in the process of domestication and conservation. The aims of the project were to determine the optimum conditions for seed germination, in vitro propagation and plant regeneration, and to evaluate the potential bioactivity of secondary metabolites from its renewable plant parts as an alternative option in the conservation of S. birrea. An ex vitro seed germination study indicated that after-ripening and cold stratification are critical factors. Cold stratification (5 °C) of marula nuts for 14 days improved germination (65%) as compared to non-stratified nuts (32%). Direct shoot organogenesis was achieved from leaf explants through the induction of nodular meristemoids on Murashige and Skoog (MS) (1962) medium and woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 6-benzyladenine (BA) in combination with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), indole-3-butryric acid (IBA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Induction of nodular meristemoids from 86% of the leaf cultures was achieved on a MS medium with 4.0 µM BA and 1.0 µM NAA. High levels (78–100%) of induction were also achieved on WPM with different concentrations of BA (1.0–4.0 µM) and IBA (1.0–4.0 µM). The highest conversion of nodular meristemoids into shoots on MS initiation medium was only 22% for 4.0 µM BA and 1.0 µM NAA. This was improved to 62% when nodular clusters were cultured in MS liquid medium. Histological studies vii revealed high numbers of unipolar meristematic buds developing from globular nodules. These embryo-like structures have in the past been mistaken for true somatic embryos. The initiation of high numbers of nodular meristemoids per explant provides potential for automated large-scale clonal propagation in bioreactors, in vitro phytochemical production and the development of synthetic seed technology, similar to somatic embryogenesis. Plant regeneration through nodule culture has potential for application in mass micropropagation and plant breeding of S. birrea. Adventitious shoot and root induction are important phases in micropropagation. Plant growth regulators play an important role in these developmental processes, and the type and concentration used have major influences on the eventual organogenic pathway. Three auxins (IAA, IBA and NAA) and four aromatic cytokinins (6-benzyladenine, meta-topolin, meta-topolin riboside, and meta-methoxytopolin riboside) were evaluated for their potential to induce adventitious shoot and root formation in S. birrea shoots, hypocotyls and epicotyls. Among the evaluated cytokinins, the highest adventitious shoot induction (62%) was achieved on MS medium supplemented with meta-topolin (8.0 µM). The lowest adventitious shoot induction (2.5%) was obtained on MS basal medium containing 2.0 µM meta-methoxytopolin riboside. The highest adventitious shoot induction for hypocotyls was 55% on MS medium supplemented with 8.0 µM meta-topolin. For the tested auxins, IBA induced adventitious rooting in 91% of shoots at a concentration of 4.0 µM after 8 weeks in culture. However, the in vitro rooted plants only survived for two weeks when transferred ex vitro. A temperature of 25 °C and 16-h photoperiod were optimum for adventitious root induction. Stomatal density (number per mm2) on the abaxial leaf surfaces was higher for the 16-h photoperiod treatment (206.6 ± 15.28) compared to that for a 24-h photoperiod
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Buchanania Obovata) Compared to Other Anacardiaceae Fruit and Nuts
    The Nutritional Potential of the Native Australian Green Plum (Buchanania obovata) Compared to Other Anacardiaceae Fruit and Nuts Author Fyfe, S, Smyth, HE, Schirra, HJ, Rychlik, M, Sultanbawa, Y Published 2020 Journal Title Frontiers in Nutrition Version Version of Record (VoR) DOI https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.600215 Copyright Statement © 2020 Fyfe, Smyth, Schirra, Rychlik and Sultanbawa. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/405739 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au REVIEW published: 16 December 2020 doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.600215 The Nutritional Potential of the Native Australian Green Plum (Buchanania obovata) Compared to Other Anacardiaceae Fruit and Nuts Selina Fyfe 1*, Heather E. Smyth 1, Horst Joachim Schirra 2, Michael Rychlik 1,3 and Yasmina Sultanbawa 1 1 Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, QLD, Australia, 2 Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 3 Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany The native Australian green plum (Buchanania obovata) is a small fruit that grows in the northern parts of the Northern Territory and Western Australia. The fruit belongs to the family Anacardiaceae, which includes the other agriculturally important fruit mangoes, pistachios and cashew nuts.
    [Show full text]
  • The Avifauna of Two Woodlands in Southeast Tanzania
    Scopus 25: 2336, December 2005 The avifauna of two woodlands in southeast Tanzania Anders P. Tøttrup, Flemming P. Jensen and Kim D. Christensen In Tanzania Brachystegia or miombo woodland occupies about two-thirds of the country including the central plateau to the north and the south eastern plateau (Lind & Morrison 1974). Along the coast more luxuriant woodlands are found in what White (1983) terms the Zanzibar-Inhambane regional mosaic floristic region. This highly complex vegetation comprises unique types of forest, thicket, woodland, bushland and grassland, interspersed with areas presently under cultivation and fallow (Hawthorne 1993). The coastal woodlands are usually deciduous or semi-deciduous but contain some evergreen species and often merge with coastal thickets, scrub forest and coastal forest (Hawthorne 1993, Vollesen 1994). The avifauna of miombo woodlands has been described for Zambia (e.g. Benson & Irwin 1966) and Zimbabwe (e.g. Vernon 1968, 1984, 1985), while little has been published on the birds of the coastal woodlands. An exception is Stjernstedt (1970) who reported on the birds in lush and dense Brachystegia microphylla vegetation in a sea of miombo in southeast Tanzania. Here we report our observations of birds in two woodlands in coastal southeast Tanzania, one of which harboured miombo trees. We present information on the number of species encountered during the fieldwork, and compare the avifauna of the two sites. We discuss possible causes for the differences observed and provide new information on habitat preferences for some of the species we recorded at these sites. Study sites Field work was carried out in two coastal woodlands in the Lindi Region, southeast Tanzania in September and October 2001.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Knowledge and Cultural Importance of Diospyros Mespiliformis in Northern Benin
    Gnonlonfin et. al. Proceedings of 6th NSCB Biodiversity Conference; Uniuyo 2018 (200 – 207 pp) Traditional knowledge and cultural importance of Diospyros mespiliformis in Northern Benin GNONLONFIN L.1*, OUINSAVI C1, GOUWAKINNOU G.2, FANDOHAN B.3, HOUETCHEGNON T. O.1 1 University of Parakou, Republic of Benin, Doctoral School of Agronomic and Water Sciences Laboratory of Ecology and Forest Research (LERF) 2 Laboratory of ecology, botanic and plant Biology (LEB) 3 Université nationale d’agriculture, École des sciences et techniques, de conservation et de transformation des produits agricoles, BP 114, Sakété, Bénin Corresponding Author: [email protected], +22997113964 Abstract: African ebony tree (Diospyros mespiliformis) an important indigenous fruit tree has been little documented. The present study was carried out to assess local knowledge, use value and cultural importance of the species. From 9 ethnic groups, 2130 people were interviewed in the study area using semi-structured questionnaires. Principal Component Analysis was applied to analyze the use value and the cultural importance of D. mespiliformis for the different ethnic groups. All interviewees in the study area knew at least one use of D. mespiliformis. The various uses identified were food, fruits and leaves are edible by human (100 %), medicinal (93%), handicraft (21%), firewood (46%), commercial and sale (34%), fodder, leaves are eaten by animals (31%), other (22%). The various parts involved in these types of uses were: fruits [shell (22%) and pulp (62%)], bark (27%), leaves (9%), roots (3%) and stem (10%). The ethnic group consensus values for D. mespiliformis parts showed that the barks and leaves are used the most.
    [Show full text]
  • Large Tree Mortality in Kruger National Park
    Tough times for large trees: Relative impacts of elephant and fire on large trees in Kruger National Park Graeme Shannon1, Maria Thaker1 Abi Tamim Vanak1, Bruce Page1, Rina Grant2, Rob Slotow1 1University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2Scientific Services, SANParks Shannon G., Thaker M, et al. 2011. Ecosystems 14: 1372-1381 Large trees in savanna ecosystems • Key role in ecosystem functioning – Keystone components – Nutrient pumps – Habitat heterogeneity – Increase biodiversity Damage to large trees: Role of elephant • Foliage utilisation • Breaking of large branches • Debarking • Pushing over Damage to large trees: Role of fire • Removal of lower crown biomass • Damage to tissues • Topkill Effect of elephant and fire: are they additive? • Elephant damage to trees makes them more susceptible to fire • Opening up of canopy increases fuel load – Higher intensity fires Understanding the patterns of damage • Determine impact of elephant, fire (main ecological drivers) and disease on large trees over a 30-month period subsequent to initial description • Particular focus on the independent and combined effects of previous impact on subsequent levels of impact and mortality Surveys of large trees • Transects: 2.5 years apart (Apr 2006, Nov 2008) • 22 Transects (67 km total) • Southern Kruger • N = 2522 trees (> 5 m height) 1st survey of large trees • location of individual trees (≥ 5 m height) • species, dimensions • use/impact by elephant (proportion tree volume removed) • fire damage (proportion tree volume removed) • disease (presence of wood borer,
    [Show full text]
  • Elephant Damage to Sclerocarya Birrea on Different Landscapes
    Vol. 9(4), pp. 97-106, April 2017 DOI: 10.5897/IJBC2015.0912 Article Number: A99E04563330 International Journal of Biodiversity and ISSN 2141-243X Copyright © 2017 Conservation Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/IJBC Full Length Research Paper Elephant damage to Sclerocarya birrea on different landscapes M. Q. Seloana1*, J. W. Kruger2, M. J. Potgieter1 and J. J. Jordaan1 1Department of Biodiversity, University of Limpopo, P. O. Box 1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa. 2Department of Economic Development, Environment and Tourism, Private Bag X 9484, Polokwane, 0700, Pretoria, South Africa. Received 21 November, 2016; Accepted 28 February, 2017 The African elephant (Loxodonta africana Blumenbach) is a keystone species and ecosystem engineer. Elephants can cause serious damage to important trees, with only certain species being targeted such as Marula (Sclerocarya birrea A. Rich. Hoscht). High levels of elephant utilization may to some extent, compromise the viability of some woody plant populations leading to vegetation changes coupled with a possible loss of species diversity and/or structural diversity. In order to quantify their effect a study was initiated in 2014 to investigate their effect on tree height, degree of branch damage, the extent of debarking, and degree of stem damage. This was done within elephant’s frequently and non–frequently used sites, and a neighbouring enclosure (control site). One hundred and fifty (50 per site) mature S. birrea trees were randomly selected within each site. Tree height was recorded using clinometers, degree of branch damage, extent of debarking (circumference debarked using different percentages of intensity) and degree of stem damage were assessed using different categories.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Groningen the Role of Breeding Range, Diet
    University of Groningen The role of breeding range, diet, mobility and body size in associations of raptor communities and land-use in a West African savanna Buij, Ralph; Croes, Barbara M.; Gort, Gerrit; Komdeur, Jan Published in: Biological Conservation DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.06.028 IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2013 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Buij, R., Croes, B. M., Gort, G., & Komdeur, J. (2013). The role of breeding range, diet, mobility and body size in associations of raptor communities and land-use in a West African savanna. Biological Conservation, 166, 231-246. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.06.028 Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 11-02-2018 Biological Conservation 166 (2013) 231–246 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Biological Conservation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon The role of breeding range, diet, mobility and body size in associations of raptor communities and land-use in a West African savanna ⇑ Ralph Buij a,b, , Barbara M.
    [Show full text]
  • Fatty Acid Composition of Dried Fruits of Sclerocarya Birrea, Diospyros Blancoi and Landolphia Kirkii
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Fatty Acid Composition of Dried Fruits of Sclerocarya birrea, Diospyros blancoi and Landolphia kirkii Athanasia O. Matemu 1,2, Durotoye Adeyemi 1, Hlengilizwe Nyoni 1, Ladislaus Mdee 3, Papiso Tshabalala 4, Bhekie Mamba 1 and Titus A. M. Msagati 1,* ID 1 Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa; [email protected] (A.O.M.); [email protected] (D.A.); [email protected] (H.N.); [email protected] (B.M.) 2 Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447 Arusha, Tanzania 3 School of Medicine, University of Limpopo C/O R71 Tzaneen Road and University Street Mankweng Township, Polokwane University of Limpopo Old Admin Block, Ground Floor Sovenga, Limpopo 0727, South Africa; [email protected] 4 Consumer Goods Council of South Africa, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +27-11-670-9482 Received: 29 September 2017; Accepted: 10 November 2017; Published: 17 November 2017 Abstract: Wild fruits are commonly consumed in the rural communities of South Africa. The information on their nutritionally important fatty acids is, however, limited. Three wild fruit species, Diospyros blancoi, Landolphia kirkii and Sclerocarya birrea from Limpopo Province were selected for evaluation of fatty acid content. Fatty acids composition of dried fruits of Diospyros blancoi (Db), Landolphia kirkii (Lk) and ripe and/or overripe Sclerocarya birrea (Sb) were evaluated by a gas chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometer (GC-TOF-MS).
    [Show full text]
  • Antimycobacterial Activity and Low Cytotoxicity of Leaf Extracts of Some African
    Antimycobacterial activity and low cytotoxicity of leaf extracts of some African Anacardiaceae tree species. Short Title: Antimycobacterial and cytotoxicity of Anacardiaceae tree species Prudence N. Kabongo-Kayoka1,2, Jacobus N. Eloff2, Chikwelu L. Obi3, Lyndy J. McGaw2 1Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X 6, Florida 1710, South Africa; [email protected] 2Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa 3Division of Academic Affairs, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa *Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (P.N. Kabongo-Kayoka) Treatment of tuberculosis is a challenge due to multi and extremely drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Plant species contain antimicrobial compounds that may lead to new anti-TB drugs. Previous screening of some tree species from the Anacardiaceae family revealed the presence of antimicrobial activity, justifying further investigations. Leaf extracts of 15 Anacardiaceae tree species were screened for antimycobacterial activity using a twofold serial microdilution assay against the pathogenic Mycobacterium bovis and multidrug resistant M. tuberculosis and rapidly growing mycobacteria, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium aurum. The vaccine strain, M. bovis and an avirulent strain, H37Ra M. tuberculosis, were also used. Cytotoxicity was assessed using a colorimetric assay against Vero kidney, human hepatoma and murine macrophage cells. Four out of 15 crude acetone extracts showed significant antimycobacterial activity with MIC varying from 50 to 100µg/mL. Searsia undulata had the highest activity against most mycobacteria, followed by Protorhus longifolia.
    [Show full text]
  • New Products and Industries from Biodiversity
    Chapter 10 New Products and Industries from Biodiversity Coordinating Lead Author: Andrew J. Beattie Lead Authors: Wilhelm Barthlott, Elaine Elisabetsky, Roberta Farrel, Chua Teck Kheng, Iain Prance Contributing Authors: Joshua Rosenthal, David Simpson, Roger Leakey, Maureen Wolfson, Kerry ten Kate Review Editor: Sarah Laird Main Messages . ............................................ 273 10.1 Introduction ........................................... 273 10.2 Overview of Industries Involved in Bioprospecting .............. 274 10.2.1 Pharmaceutical Bioprospecting 10.2.2 Ethnobotanical Bioprospecting 10.2.3 The Botanical Medicine Industry 10.2.4 The Personal Care and Cosmetics Industries 10.2.5 Biological Control and Crop Protection 10.2.6 Biomimetics 10.2.7 Biomonitoring 10.2.8 Horticulture and Agricultural Seeds 10.2.9 Bioremediation 10.2.10 Ecological Restoration 10.2.11 Ecotourism 10.2.12 Other Biodiversity-based Industries and Products 10.3 Distribution and Value of the Resource ....................... 283 10.4 Recent Industry Trends . ................................ 285 10.5 Benefit-sharing and Partnerships ........................... 285 10.5.1 Examples of National and International Agreements and Partnerships on Ethnobotanical Bioprospecting 10.5.2 Equity Considerations 10.6 The Legal Environment .................................. 289 10.6.1 Intergovernmental Agreements 10.6.2 Intellectual Property Rights 10.6.3 National Laws on Access to Genetic Resources and Traditional Knowledge 10.6.4 Indigenous Peoples’ Declarations, Codes,
    [Show full text]
  • An Exploratory Study on the Diverse Uses and Benefits of Locally
    foods Article An Exploratory Study on the Diverse Uses and Benefits of Locally-Sourced Fruit Species in Three Villages of Mpumalanga Province, South Africa Kutullo Nick Shai 1, Khayelihle Ncama 2, Peter Tshepiso Ndhlovu 1 , Madeleen Struwig 3 and Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu 1,4,* 1 Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2745, North West Province, South Africa; [email protected] (K.N.S.); [email protected] (P.T.N.) 2 Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2745, North West Province, South Africa; [email protected] 3 Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; [email protected] 4 Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2745, North West Province, South Africa * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +27-18-389-2573 Received: 26 September 2020; Accepted: 27 October 2020; Published: 31 October 2020 Abstract: Globally, the potential of indigenous and neglected fruit species is continuously being recognized. In the current study, we explored the uses and benefits of locally available fruit species among the Mapulana people in Bushbuckridge Local Municipality. An ethno-botanical survey was conducted using in-depth interviews to record the names of the fruit species, their uses, seasonal availability, and occurrence in three villages, namely, Mokhololine, Motlamogatsane, and Rooiboklaagte B. Forty-one (41) participants aged 23 to 89 years old, identified by community members as knowledgeable on the utilization of fruit species, were interviewed.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertation.Pdf
    DETERMINATION OF FRUIT YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY IN MARULA (SCLEROCARYA BIRREA SUBSP. CAFFRA) SELECTIONS BY KGOMOAMOGODI FELIX PETJE SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR M. INST. AGRAR: HORTICULTURE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PRODUCTION AND SOIL SCIENCE FACULTY OF NATURAL AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA PRETORIA Supervisor: Prof. E. S. du Toit Co-Supervisor: Prof. P.J. Robbertse August 2008 © University of Pretoria DECLARATION I, the undersigned, declare that the mini-dissertation, which I hereby submit for the M.Inst. Agrar (Horticulture) at the University of Pretoria, is my own work and has not previously been submitted by me for a degree at this or any other tertiary institution. Kgomoamogodi Petje Signed in Pretoria on August 2008 ii DEDICATION I dedicate this mini-dissertation to my late father HUBELA PHAKA PETJE who passed away on the 18 March 2003. I shall never forget the support he gave to me. I wish he was here to share this moment. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS viii ABSTRACT ix CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Distribution 5 2.2. Plant Description 7 2.3. Environmental Effects 15 2.4. Plant Uses 18 iv CHAPTER 3 DETERMINATION OF FRUIT PRODUCTION AND QUALITY 3.1. Introduction 30 3.2. Materials and Methods 31 3.3. Results 34 3.4. Discussion 44 3.5. Conclusion 49 LITERATURE CITED 51 v APPENDIX 55- 98 List of tables 2.1. Milligram of Vitamin C present in 100 ml of different beverages 20 2.2. Composition of Marula beer 26 3.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Processing of Marula (Sclerocarya Birrea Subsp. Caffra) Fruits: a Case Study on Health-Promoting Compounds in Marula Pulp
    Processing of marula (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. Caffra) fruits: A case study on health-promoting compounds in marula pulp Penny Hiwilepo-van Hal Thesis committee Thesis supervisor: Prof. dr. Ir. M. A. J. S. van Boekel Professor, Product Design and Quality Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL Thesis co-supervisors: Dr. Ir. M. Dekker Associate Professor, Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL Dr. ing. R. Verkerk Assistant Professor, Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL Dr. P.G. Bille Senior lecturer, Food Science and Technology, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia Other members: Prof. dr. H.J. Wichers, Wageningen University, NL Prof. dr. E.J. Woltering, Wageningen University, NL Prof. dr.ir. J. van Camp, University of Ghent, Belgium Dr. ir I. D. Brouwer, Wageningen University, The Netherlands This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School VLAG (Voeding, Levensmiddelentechnologie, Agrobiotechnologie en Gezondheid) Processing of marula (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. Caffra) fruits: A case study on health-promoting compounds in marula pulp Penny Hiwilepo-van Hal Thesis Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. dr. M. J. Kropff, in the presence of the Thesis committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Friday 25 October 2013 at 11 a.m. in the Aula Penny Hiwilepo-van Hal Processing of marula (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. Caffra) fruits: A case study on health-promoting compounds in marula pulp, A6, 178 pages. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands (2013) With references, with summaries in English and Dutch ISBN 978-94-6173-742-7 Abstract Marula is a multipurpose tree from Southern Africa, used by local people for its fruit, and cosmetic oil from the seed and for medicinal products from the bark and leaves.
    [Show full text]