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*******************YA*******************************;(************ Reproductions Supplied by EDRS Arethe Best That Can Be Made from the Origina2 Document DOCUMENT RESUME ED 200 005 FL 012 000 AUTHOR Padilla, Raymond V., Ed. TITLE Bilingual Education and Public Policy inthe United States. Ethnoperspectives inBilingual Euucatio____ Research, Volume I. INSTITUTION Eastern Michigan Univ., Ypsilanti. :20NS AGENCY National Inst. of Education (DHEi4), Washington, D.C. REPORT NO ISBN-79-9265 PUB DATE BO NOTE 513pa AVAILABLE Bilingual Programs, 106 Ford Hall, EasternLichigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 43197 (3.00). EDRS PRICE EF02 Plus Postage. PC Not A.Jai.;.abie rrom.DRS. DESCRIPTORS American Indians: *Bilingual Education:*Community: Comparative Education: Cubans: EducationalResearch: Ethnology: Hispanic Americans: *Legislation:Minimum Competencies: Models: *Politics: *Public Puerto Ricans; Refugees: SpanishSpearing: leacher Certification IDENTIFIERS Bilingual Education Act 196B ABSTRACT This collection includes several paperseach on the legal aspects of bilingualeducation, the politics of implementing --bilingual programs, the role of thecommunity in establishing and maintaining bilingual programs, andbilingual program models. In addition, individual papers treat:(1) the impact of research on programs and policy,(2) the role of teachercertification, (3) refugee education as exemplifiedby Cuban American'S,(4) the case of the American Indians,(5; language attitudes among thePuerto Ricans the United States in New York, (6) comparative ethnic factors between and foreign countries,(7) the relatiotship between ethnographyand hilingual education legislation,and(B) state mandatea competency testing. (3B) ************************YA*******************************;(************ Reproductions supplied by EDRS arethe best that can be made from the origina2 document. ********************************************************************* Ethnoperspectives in Bilingual Education Research: BILINGUAL EffilcATION AND PUBLIC POLICY IN TF7 UNITED STATES Edited by Raymond V. Padilla Bilingual Bicultural Education Programs Eastern Michigan University US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS EDUCATION S. weELFARE MATERIALIN ONLY NATIONAL INSTITUTE pt. HAS BEEN GRANTED BY EDUCATION TmiS DOCUMENT MAS BEEN RE PRO. reY% DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM 'IC. V .PNot ti c.L THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION AT iNG IT POINTS OR VIEW OR OPINIONS D9 et++ STATED DO NO1 NECESSARILY REPRE- SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION PO.TON OR POLICY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." Ethnoperspectives in Bilingual Education Research Series Volume I Cover design by Martin Moreno. The design reflects variouscultural symbols, including the pyramid of the sun. the yin and yang principles.and the African symbol for life. The activity'which is the subject of this report was supported inwhole or part b% the National Institute of Education. Departmentof Health. Edu- cation and Welfare. However, the opinions expressed hereindo not neces- sarily reflect the position or policy of the National Instituteof Education and no offic:al endorsement by the National Institute of Education isinferred. Except foi- sections that are specifically copyrighted, thispublication is in the public domain and may be reproduced fccJocal use,provided that appropriate credit is given to the author(s) and source. TheDepartment of Health. Education and Welfare shall have a royalty-free.nonexclusive. and irrevocable right to reproduce. publish, or otherwise use, and toauthorize others to use, this publication. for federal government purposes.Eastern Michigan University shall have a royalty-free. nonexclusive,and irrevoca- ble right to reproduce. publish, or o!nerwise use, and toauthorize others to use. this publication for purposes oF !he Library of Congress Catalog Card ISBN Number: 79-9265 Published and Disseminated in the United States of America by: Department of Foreign Languages and Bilingual Studies Bilingual Programs 106 Ford Hall Eastern Michigan University Ypsilanti. Michigan 48197 First Printing December 1979 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This publication would not have been possiblewithout the interest . efforts of all those persons who responded tothe call for papers. The authors whose works are included here deservespecial mention not only for the papers which they contributedbut also for their excellent participation in the two national forums on "BilingualEducation and Public Policy in the U.S." Valuable support was provided byDr. Gwen Baker. head of the Experimental Program for Opportunities inAdvanced Study and Research in Education, National Institute ofEducation. The members of the advisory committee were very helpful in selecting presentersfor the forums. Staff from many offices at Earn MichiganUniversity provided ivel- corned support. Dr. Anthony Evans and Dr.Jean Bidwell were espec:ally helpful and supportive. Margo MacInnes and MartinMoreno contributed technical services as consultants. Staff fromthe Bilingual Programs per- formed with their customary efficiency andcheerfulness. CONTENTS Page Introduction vii Part I. LA LEY/THE LAW The Legal Dialect of Bilingual Education 3 Steven R. Applewhite t- The Federal Mandate for Bilingual Education 18 Maria Eugenia Matute-Bianchi r."7../ Choice of Language as a Human RightPublic Policy implications in the United States 39 Reynaldo Flores Macias Law and Bilingual Education: An Examination of the Litigation Strategy 58 Manuel del Valk: New Jersey Requirements for Bilingual Education Certification as They Relate to Federal and State Legislation 83 Ana Maria Alfonsin de Schuhmcnn Part IL LA POLiT/CA/POLITICS A Chronicle of the Political, Legislative and Judicial Advances of Bilingual Education in California 97 Lawrence J. Estrada The Enactment of Bilingual Education Legislation in Texas: 1969-1973 109 Jose E. Vega C., The Political Economy of Bilingual Bicultural Education 136 John J. Halcon 0The Bilingual Education Act and the Puerto Rican Community: The Politics of Implementing Federal Policy at the Local Level 151 f-s, Lois Saxelby Steinberg The Role of the Mass Media in the Public Debate Over Bilingual Education in the-United States 175 /7", Armando Valdez 'I& Developing an Advocacy Model in Bilingual Education: A Strategy for Program Implementation 189 Rodolfo Martinez Part III. LA COMUN1DADITHE COMMUNITY Toward a Language Policy for Puerto Ricans in the United States: An Agenda for a Community in Movement 205 '^^iila OM. V vi Bilingual Education and Public Policy A Nlii.l.wesern bilingual Communityand Its Schools: An Anai\sis 212 of Naitual r.cria.F,es and Interactions Beriavides '299 Education Program Fiscal Accountability loscpb 0. Garcia Bilingual Education for a Bilingual Community:Some Insiglizs Gained from Research 245 Andrew D. Cohen Citizen Participation in ESEA Title VilPrograms: An Inquiry Into the Impact of a Federal Mandate Rodolfo Rodriguez Roles, Functions and Compliance ofParent Advisory Councils Sen:ing Spanish-English BilingualProjects Funded Under ESEA 281 Title VII Norberto Cruz, Jr. Part IV. MODELOS YPROBLEMATICA /MODELS AND ISSUES A Flexible-Technology Model forBilingual Education 295 Donald F. Sold On the Reproductive Function ofEva Ickative Research: A Case Study in the Use of Evaluations forShapingPublic Policy Jose Rosario and John M. Love Model for Bilingual An. Ethnographic Evaluation;Research 128 Progr Marietta Saravia Shore The Impact of Descriptive and EvaluativeResearch of Bilingual Education Programs on Federal. State andLocal Public Policy .. :1-19 Lester S. Golub The Relationship Between StudentLanguage Growth and Teacher Certification in Bilingual CrossculturalEducation '167 Angela B. Garcia and Enselmina N1arin Bilingual Education in the Reception of PoliticalImmigrants: The Case of Cubans in Miami. Florida '176 Silvia Pedmza-Bailey and Teresa A.Sullivan Bilingual Education and Public Policy:The Cases of the American .395 Indians . Bea Medicine Language Attitudes in a New YorkPuerto Rican Community 408 John Attinasi Comparative Ethnic Factors in BilingualEducation: The United States and Abroad 451 Jacob L. Ornstein-Galicia Can Bilingual Teaching TechniquesReflect Bilingual Community Behaviors?A Study in Ethnoculture andits Relationship to Some Amendments Contained inthe New Bilk-qua' Education 483 Act Rodolfo Jacobson A Catch 22 for Bilingual State Mandated Competency Testing: 498 Students Rosa Quesuda INTRODUCTION This book is a collection cf papers that were presented during April and June of 1979 a': two national forams on Bilingual Education_and Public Policy in the S. The forums were part of an on-going multi -year project called Ethnop:rs,pectives in Bilingual Education Research. The project is sponsored by Department of Foreign Languages and Bilingual Studies at Eastern Mi:lidg.an University 1,1".th support from the National Institute of F.ducation L77ough its Experimental Program for Opportunities in Ad- vanced Study and Research in Education. Tae Ethnop,..-spectives in Bilingual Education Research project serves two main puipot--es. First, the project is intended to materially encourage and promote research related to bilingual education. Secondly, minority viewpoints. or perspectives, in bilingual education research are fostered and supported. "i'lse purposes in turn are aimed at increasing the in- volvement of minorities and women in educational research. In recent years. there has been strong advocacy from diverse groups for increased research in bilingual education. This advocacy is largely the result of a perceived need to strengthen the pedagogical basis for bilingual education. At the same time, bilingual advocates
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