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Hemiptera: .Ulgoromorpha Et Cicadomorpha LEAHOPPER COMMUNITIES (HEMIPTERA: ULGOROMORPHA ET CICADOMORPHA) O THE SANDY AND LIMESTONE GRASSLANDS O THE CZÊSTOCHOWA UPLAND (SOUTHERN POLAND) The Monograph ZGRUPOWANIA PIEWIKÓW (HEMIPTERA: ULGOROMORPHA ET CICADOMORPHA) MURAW NAPIASKOWYCH I KSEROTERMICZNYCH MURAW NAWAPIENNYCH WY¯YNY CZÊSTOCHOWSKIEJ (PO£UDNIOWA POLSKA) Monografia 1 ROCZNIK MUZEUM GÓRNOL¥SKIEGO W BYTOMIU PRZYRODA NR 20 Dariusz wierczewski, Wac³aw Wojciechowski ZGRUPOWANIA PIEWIKÓW (HEMIPTERA: ULGOROMORPHA ET CICADOMORPHA) MURAW NAPIASKOWYCH I KSEROTERMICZNYCH MURAW NAWAPIENNYCH WY¯YNY CZÊSTOCHOWSKIEJ (po³udniowa Polska) Monografia Bytom 2009 2 ANNALS O THE UPPER SILESIAN MUSEUM IN BYTOM NATURAL HISTORY NO. 20 Dariusz wierczewski, Wac³aw Wojciechowski LEAHOPPER COMMUNITIES (HEMIPTERA: ULGOROMORPHA ET CICADOMORPHA) O THE SANDY AND LIMESTONE GRASSLANDS O THE CZÊSTOCHOWA UPLAND (southern Poland) The Monograph Bytom 2009 3 Editorial board / Redakcja: Jacek Betleja, Piotr Cempulik, Roland Dobosz (Head Editor / Redaktor Naczelny), Tadeusz B. Hada, Witold Ryka, Jacek Szwedo Manuscript submission / Adres redakcji: Department of Natural History, Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom Dzia³ Przyrody, Muzeum Górnol¹skie w Bytomiu Plac Jana III Sobieskiego 2, 41902 Bytom, Poland tel./fax +48 32 281 34 01 #125 e-mail: [email protected] World List abbreviation: Roczn. Muz. górnol. (Przyr.) Issued 28 December 2009 © Copyright by Upper Silesian Museum, Bytom 2009 PL ISSN 0068-466X ISBN 978-83-8880-57-7 Printed in Poland 4 CONTENTS / SPIS TRECI Abstract ...................................................................................................... 6 1. Introduction ...................................................................................... 8 2. Overview of the research on grassland leafhoppers in Poland and Central Europe .............................................................................. 11 3. Study area ......................................................................................... 14 4. Study plots ........................................................................................ 21 5. Material and methods ....................................................................... 30 6. Results .............................................................................................. 36 6.1. General results .................................................................................. 36 6.2. Leafhopper community linked to psammophilous grassland Spergulo vernalis-Corynephoretum .............................................. 41 6.3. Leafhopper community linked to psammophilous grassland Diantho-Armerietum elongatae .................................................... 42 6.4. Leafhopper community linked to limestone rocky grassland !estucetum pallentis ..................................................................... 45 6.5. Leafhopper community linked to limestone grassland Sileno-Phleetum ........................................................................... 47 6.6. Leafhopper community linked to limestone grassland Adonido-Brachypodietum pinnati ................................................ 48 6.7. Species diversity ............................................................................... 50 6.8. Similarities between the plots .......................................................... 51 6.9. Weather conditions and changes in the abundance of leafhoppers .. 54 6.10. Chorology ......................................................................................... 54 6.11. Ecology ............................................................................................ 57 7. Review of species ............................................................................. 61 8. Discussion and conclusions .............................................................. 88 Acknowledgements ................................................................................... 99 References ................................................................................................. 99 Streszczenie (Polish summary) .................................................................. 109 Annexes ..................................................................................................... 117 5 Dariusz wierczewski1, Wac³aw Wojciechowski2 1 Department of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Jan D³ugosz University of Czêstochowa, Al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, PL 42-201 Czêstochowa; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Zoology, University of Silesia, ul. Bankowa 9, PL 40-007 Katowice; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The paper presents the results of investigations into the composition, structure and dynamics of the leafhopper communities of sandy and limestone grasslands in the area of the Czêstochowa Upland (Wy¿yna Czêstochowska), southern Poland; UTM CB72 and CB73. Leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Pulgoromorpha et Cicadomorpha) represent a group of insect herbivores which feed on plant sap and the contents of mesophyll cells, thus ecologically forming a homogenous group known also as 'Auchenorrhyncha'. They form a most important component of the phytophagous fauna of temperate grasslands, with the density of adults at times exceeding 100200 individuals per m2. A number of leafhopper species are vectors of plant diseases, but in Poland on the whole, they are not considered as serious agricultural pests. So far 515 species of leafhoppers have been recorded in Poland, which constitutes about 30% of the European fauna of this group. The research was carried out in the northern part of the Czêstochowa Upland, near the villages of Olsztyn and Mstów. This area is characterized by Upper Jurrasic limestone formations surrounded by valleys filled with Pleistocene sands. The variety of habitats and plant assemblages have a big impact on the rich and diverse fauna of this region. The study covered two types of grassland ecosystems the first being steppe-like on limestone hills and the second being on sandy soils in depressions. Both are considered to be rare and endangered in Poland. Steppe-like limestone grasslands occur in the Jurrasic limestone area stretching from Kraków to Czêstochowa (Wy¿yna Krakowsko-Czêstochowska) and known as the Polish Jura. They belongs to the xerothermic vegetation of !estuco-Brometea class which covers plant assemblages connected with extremely warm, dry places under more continental climatic conditions. Their diversified flora is characterized by many rare and relic species, which have their northern range limits in central Europe. Sandy (psammophilous) grasslands of Koelerio glaucae-Corynephoretea canescentis class represent pioneer plant assemblages on inland, oligotrophic and acidic sands. They are part of secondary recreative succession as seminatural secondary communities for pine forests. Pive of the eleven plots chosen for examination represented sandy grasslands: Spergulo vernalis-Corynephoretum and Diantho-Armerietum elongatae. The other six plots were classified as limestone grasslands: !estucetum pallentis, Sileno-Phleetum and Adonido- Brachypodietum pinnati. Quantitative insect sampling was carried out every two weeks from the beginning of May till October in the years 2001 to 2003 (plots 1, 39, 11) and 2002 to 2004 (plots 2 and 10). A standard sweep net was used to collect the individual leafhoppers. During the field-work, a total of 112 leafhopper species were collected from investigated plant assemblages with 102 typical grassland species. The number of recorded species per site varied from 34 for Spergulo vernalis-Corynephoretum (site 2) up to 52 for Diantho-Armerietum elongatae (site 4). Moreover, the characteristic leafhopper community was described for each vegetation in terms of such parameters as dominance, frequency and fidelity. The dominants for particular leafhopper communities were as follow: of Spergulo vernalis-Corynephoretum grassland Neophilaenus minor, Doratura exilis and Psammotetix excisus, of Diantho- Armerietum elongatae Chlorita paolii, Neoaliturus fenestratus and Turrutus socialis, of !estucetum pallentis Erythria aureola and Emelyanoviana mollicula, of Sileno-Phleetum 6 Acanthodelphax spinosa, Arocephalus languidus and T. socialis, of Adonido-Brachypodietum pinnati Adarrus multinotatus. Additionally, statistical analysis, such as Cluster Analysis and Principal Components Analysis, supported the identified differences between the leafhopper communities inhabiting particular plant assemblages. However, the community of Sileno-Phleetum shares features of the fauna of both sandy and limestone grasslands. This is in line with the botanical composition of that plant assemblage, which is a mixture of flora inhabiting both type of substrates. Regarding the index of species diversity, the community associated with Diantho-Armerietum elongatae grassland was found to have the highest value. Chorological analysis indicates that species with a wide disribution, i.e. Eurosiberian, European and Transpalaearctic, form the most numerous groups. The aim of the ecological analysis was to characterize the particular Auchenorrhyncha communities in terms of such factors as moisture, insolation, host plant specialization and voltinism. Xerophilous elements were the most abundant in the leafhopper communities linked to sandy grassland Spergulo vernalis-Corynephoretum and limestone grassland !estucetum pallentis. The highest ratio of monophagous species was recorded for the leafhopper community associated with the sandy grassland Spergulo vernalis-Corynephoretum,
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