Aegean Civilizations
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Greece(12Th Century B.C.E-600C.E)
Greece(12th century b.c.e-600c.e) By: Lily Gardner Geographic Impact on Society ❖ Located on a small peninsula and were divided deeply by steep mountains and valleys ❖ Geography contributed to its political organization ❖ City-states fought a lot because they didn’t have a common enemy ❖ They didn’t have good land for farming so they ate food from the Mediterranean Sea and the Aegean Sea and the Ionian Sea ❖ Peninsula’s provide good protection, so ancient Greece was able to protect themselves Political System and Impact on Society ❖ In early greek history only the wealthy and noble men had the rights of full citizenship, such as speaking and voting in the assembly, holding public office, and fighting in the army ❖ Slowly, the men in lower class began to get these rights as they could purchase the armor and weapons ❖ Tyrants appeared for a time, and they even had the support of the lower class because they wanted to challenge the rights of the wealthy ❖ Political authority was given to its Council of Elders made of 28 men that were over the age of 60. These men came from wealthy segments of society and they served for life ❖ Women were citizens but stayed at home and took care of children ❖ Women also weren’t allowed to own property or be involved in the economy or politics Economic System and Impact on Society ❖ Greek traders looked for iron ❖ Greeks were expansive people ❖ Geography help lead to city-states ❖ City-states were constantly fighting and arguing ❖ The impoverished Greek farmers looked for land ❖ Settlers brought culture, tarding, -
An Economic Analysis of the Olympic Games in Ancient Greece
RACE NOT WAR: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES IN ANCIENT GREECE -AND- WAR WITHOUT SHOOTING: AN ANALYSIS OF AMBUSH MARKETING by Vera Lantinova M.A., Williams College, 2005 EXTENDED ESSAYS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS In the Department ofEconomics © Vera Lantinova 2007 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY 2007 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission ofthe author. APPROVAL Name: Vera Lantinova Degree: Master of Arts (Economics) Title of Essays: Race not War: An Economic Analysis of the Olympic Games in Ancient Greece - and- War Without Shooting: An Analysis of Ambush Marketing Examining Committee: Chair: David Andolfatto Professor, Department of Economics Douglas Allen Senior Supervisor Professor, Department of Economics Clyde Reed Supervisor Professor, Department of Economics Steeve Mongrain Internal Examiner Associate Professor, Department of Economics Date Defended/Approved: July 31,2007 ii SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Declaration of Partial Copyright Licence The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. The author has further granted permission to Simon Fraser University to keep or make a digital copy for use in its circulating collection (currently available to the public at the "Institutional Repository" link of the SFU Library website <www.lib.sfu.ca> at: <http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/112>) and, without changing the content, to translate the thesis/project or extended essays, if technically possible, to any medium or format for the purpose of preservation of the digital work. -
The Evolution of Power and Politics in the Mycenaean World and Its Reflection in the Homeric Epic: the Iliad
Near East University (NEU) Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Department of International Relations The Evolution of Power and Politics in the Mycenaean World and its Reflection in the Homeric Epic: the Iliad By: Nicolaie A. Şorodoc We certify that the thesis is satisfactory for the award of the Degree of Master of International Relations Examining committee: Prof. Dr. Levent Köker Faculty of Law, Department of Law, NEU Prof. Dr. Jouni Suistola Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of International Relations, NEU Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ali Efdal Özkul Faculty of Education, Department of History Teaching, NEU Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Aykut Polatoğlu 1 Jury Report June, 2010 Student Info: Full Name Nicolaie Alin Şorodoc Faculty Economics and Administrative Sciences Institution Near East University Department International Relations Thesis Info: Title: The Evolution of Power and Politics in the Mycenaean World and its Reflection in the Homeric Epic the Iliad Abstract: This study tries to go beyond the boundaries of present day issues and examine the evolution of power and politics of the Mycenaean people during the Bronze Age. At each stage, be it big-man leadership, chiefdom or state based society I examine how power and social complexity increases and what were the reasons behind such a phenomenon. I start with some few considerations regarding developments during the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age and then I jump to the question of the “coming of the Greeks.” I argue that any explanation of the political life shall start from early stages; it is only then that we might get a measured insight in respect to the workings of political and social institutions. -
Kretan Cult and Customs, Especially in the Classical and Hellenistic Periods: a Religious, Social, and Political Study
i Kretan cult and customs, especially in the Classical and Hellenistic periods: a religious, social, and political study Thesis submitted for degree of MPhil Carolyn Schofield University College London ii Declaration I, Carolyn Schofield, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been acknowledged in the thesis. iii Abstract Ancient Krete perceived itself, and was perceived from outside, as rather different from the rest of Greece, particularly with respect to religion, social structure, and laws. The purpose of the thesis is to explore the bases for these perceptions and their accuracy. Krete’s self-perception is examined in the light of the account of Diodoros Siculus (Book 5, 64-80, allegedly based on Kretan sources), backed up by inscriptions and archaeology, while outside perceptions are derived mainly from other literary sources, including, inter alia, Homer, Strabo, Plato and Aristotle, Herodotos and Polybios; in both cases making reference also to the fragments and testimonia of ancient historians of Krete. While the main cult-epithets of Zeus on Krete – Diktaios, associated with pre-Greek inhabitants of eastern Krete, Idatas, associated with Dorian settlers, and Kretagenes, the symbol of the Hellenistic koinon - are almost unique to the island, those of Apollo are not, but there is good reason to believe that both Delphinios and Pythios originated on Krete, and evidence too that the Eleusinian Mysteries and Orphic and Dionysiac rites had much in common with early Kretan practice. The early institutionalization of pederasty, and the abduction of boys described by Ephoros, are unique to Krete, but the latter is distinct from rites of initiation to manhood, which continued later on Krete than elsewhere, and were associated with different gods. -
Early Mycenaean Arkadia: Space and Place(S) of an Inland and Mountainous Region
Early Mycenaean Arkadia: Space and Place(s) of an Inland and Mountainous Region Eleni Salavoura1 Abstract: The concept of space is an abstract and sometimes a conventional term, but places – where people dwell, (inter)act and gain experiences – contribute decisively to the formation of the main characteristics and the identity of its residents. Arkadia, in the heart of the Peloponnese, is a landlocked country with small valleys and basins surrounded by high mountains, which, according to the ancient literature, offered to its inhabitants a hard and laborious life. Its rough terrain made Arkadia always a less attractive area for archaeological investigation. However, due to its position in the centre of the Peloponnese, Arkadia is an inevitable passage for anyone moving along or across the peninsula. The long life of small and medium-sized agrarian communities undoubtedly owes more to their foundation at crossroads connecting the inland with the Peloponnesian coast, than to their potential for economic growth based on the resources of the land. However, sites such as Analipsis, on its east-southeastern borders, the cemetery at Palaiokastro and the ash altar on Mount Lykaion, both in the southwest part of Arkadia, indicate that the area had a Bronze Age past, and raise many new questions. In this paper, I discuss the role of Arkadia in early Mycenaean times based on settlement patterns and excavation data, and I investigate the relation of these inland communities with high-ranking central places. In other words, this is an attempt to set place(s) into space, supporting the idea that the central region of the Peloponnese was a separated, but not isolated part of it, comprising regions that are also diversified among themselves. -
Albanian Families' History and Heritage Making at the Crossroads of New
Voicing the stories of the excluded: Albanian families’ history and heritage making at the crossroads of new and old homes Eleni Vomvyla UCL Institute of Archaeology Thesis submitted for the award of Doctor in Philosophy in Cultural Heritage 2013 Declaration of originality I, Eleni Vomvyla confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signature 2 To the five Albanian families for opening their homes and sharing their stories with me. 3 Abstract My research explores the dialectical relationship between identity and the conceptualisation/creation of history and heritage in migration by studying a socially excluded group in Greece, that of Albanian families. Even though the Albanian community has more than twenty years of presence in the country, its stories, often invested with otherness, remain hidden in the Greek ‘mono-cultural’ landscape. In opposition to these stigmatising discourses, my study draws on movements democratising the past and calling for engagements from below by endorsing the socially constructed nature of identity and the denationalisation of memory. A nine-month fieldwork with five Albanian families took place in their domestic and neighbourhood settings in the areas of Athens and Piraeus. Based on critical ethnography, data collection was derived from participant observation, conversational interviews and participatory techniques. From an individual and family group point of view the notion of habitus led to diverse conceptions of ethnic identity, taking transnational dimensions in families’ literal and metaphorical back- and-forth movements between Greece and Albania. -
Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Management of Water Resources in the Island of Crete, Greece
water Review Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Management of Water Resources in the Island of Crete, Greece V. A. Tzanakakis 1,2,*, A. N. Angelakis 3,4 , N. V. Paranychianakis 5, Y. G. Dialynas 6 and G. Tchobanoglous 7 1 Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter (HAO-Demeter), Soil and Water Resources Institute, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece 2 Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Science, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Iraklion, 71410 Crete, Greece 3 HAO-Demeter, Agricultural Research Institution of Crete, 71300 Iraklion, Greece 4 Union of Water Supply and Sewerage Enterprises, 41222 Larissa, Greece; [email protected] 5 School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece; [email protected] 6 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; [email protected] 7 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 12 April 2020; Accepted: 16 May 2020; Published: 28 May 2020 Abstract: Crete, located in the South Mediterranean Sea, is characterized by long coastal areas, varied terrain relief and geology, and great spatial and inter-annual variations in precipitation. Under average meteorological conditions, the island is water-sufficient (969 mm precipitation; theoretical water potential 3284 hm3; and total water use 610 hm3). Agriculture is by far the greatest user of water (78% of total water use), followed by domestic use (21%). Despite the high average water availability, water scarcity events commonly occur, particularly in the eastern-south part of the island, driven by local climatic conditions and seasonal or geographical mismatches between water availability and demand. -
History of Minoan Crete Perhaps the Most Sophisticated Bronze Age
History of Minoan Crete Perhaps the most sophisticated Bronze Age civilization of the Mediterranean world was that of the Minoans. The Minoan civilization developed on and ruled the island of Crete from about 3,600 -1,400 BC. The Minoans established a great trading empire centered on Crete, which is conveniently located midway between Egypt, Greece, Anatolia, and the Middle East. Background to the Minoans The Minoan language, written in the script known as Linear A, remains undeciphered, so there remains much that we do not know about the ancient Minoans. For example, we do not even know what they called themselves. The term “Minoan” is a modern name and comes from the legendary King Minos. According to Greek mythology, King Minos ruled the island of Crete. He supposedly kept a Minotaur in a maze on the island and sacrificed young Greeks to feed it until it was killed by the hero Theseus. There are various legends about a King of Crete named Minos, and the ancient Greeks decided that all of them could not refer to the same man; thus, they assumed that there were many kings named Minos who had ruled Crete. When the archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans rediscovered the civilization, he renamed them the Minoans, because he believed they were related to these ancient rulers of the island from Greek myth. Still, the lack of written evidence can be somewhat compensated for through the use of archaeology. We can make up a bit for our lack of knowledge from texts with information gleaned from archaeology. The Minoan civilization was forgotten until it was rediscovered by the British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans in the first decade of the twentieth century. -
Alexander's Empire
4 Alexander’s Empire MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW TERMS & NAMES EMPIRE BUILDING Alexander the Alexander’s empire extended • Philip II •Alexander Great conquered Persia and Egypt across an area that today consists •Macedonia the Great and extended his empire to the of many nations and diverse • Darius III Indus River in northwest India. cultures. SETTING THE STAGE The Peloponnesian War severely weakened several Greek city-states. This caused a rapid decline in their military and economic power. In the nearby kingdom of Macedonia, King Philip II took note. Philip dreamed of taking control of Greece and then moving against Persia to seize its vast wealth. Philip also hoped to avenge the Persian invasion of Greece in 480 B.C. TAKING NOTES Philip Builds Macedonian Power Outlining Use an outline to organize main ideas The kingdom of Macedonia, located just north of Greece, about the growth of had rough terrain and a cold climate. The Macedonians were Alexander's empire. a hardy people who lived in mountain villages rather than city-states. Most Macedonian nobles thought of themselves Alexander's Empire as Greeks. The Greeks, however, looked down on the I. Philip Builds Macedonian Power Macedonians as uncivilized foreigners who had no great A. philosophers, sculptors, or writers. The Macedonians did have one very B. important resource—their shrewd and fearless kings. II. Alexander Conquers Persia Philip’s Army In 359 B.C., Philip II became king of Macedonia. Though only 23 years old, he quickly proved to be a brilliant general and a ruthless politician. Philip transformed the rugged peasants under his command into a well-trained professional army. -
Early Writing Systems (Continued)
Clst 181SK Ancient Greece and the Origins of Western Culture The Ancient Mediterranean A Basic Chronology Clst 181SK Ancient Greece and the Origins of Western Culture 1. Early Mesopotamian Civilizations Sumer and the Sumerians - writing appears about 3500 BCE Akkadian empire (c. 2350 BCE) First Assyrian empire (c. 2150 BCE) First Babylonian empire (c. 1830 BCE) Clst 181SK Ancient Greece and the Origins of Western Culture 1. Early Greek Civilizations The Minoan Civilization (1900-1450 BCE) Crete ! The Mycenaean Civilization (1450-1200 BCE) Mainland Greece, especially the Peloponnesus Clst 181SK Ancient Greece and the Origins of Western Culture The Ancient Mediterranean Maps M Danuvius a R s r O o g I in u R e MOESIAs FE r A IN D SUPERIOR MOESI US AEM H NS MO Hebrus I A BOSPHORUS R A C A x H io T I s RHODOPE L MONS PROPONTIS L ONI IA Y CED A YN MA Thasos ITH R B I C CHALCATHOS U MONS MYSIA M OLYMPUS Lemnos A P MONS HELLESPONTUS S R I I O N A M I N Lesbos A E D E P U O mos I er Corcyra R S L H AEGAEUM I U s M THESSALIA S S u O Scyrus o l N Euboea L e Y IONIUM MARE D h r S Chios IO IA e A c NI d MARE Leucas CA ET BOE A n R A A OL a N IA OT ae Ithaca AN IA M IA Samos A Andros CA A CHAEA TT Ikaria RI IC A Cephallenia A A R Aegina Delos Zacynthus C A D I A L Paros Y C IA PELOPONNESUSL Naxos Cos AC E MYRTOUM D A MARE E Melos Thera Rhodos M O N Cythera CRETICUM Karpathos MARE CRETA INTERNUM MARE This material originated on the Interactive Ancient Mediterranean Web site (http://iam.classics.unc.edu) It has been copied, reused or redistributed under the terms of IAM's fair use policy. -
Paul's Speech Before the Areopagus and the Evangel for Today
MINISTRY EVANGEL Autumn 1992 69 THE GOSPEL FROM ATHENS: PAUL'S SPEECH BEFORE THE AREOPAGUS AND THE EVANGEL FOR TODAY John Proctor This article illustrates the way the apostles contextualised their messages. Paul's address to the Areopagus court in Athens the perceptions and preconceptions of contemporary (Acts 17:22-34) represents a carefully targetted and Britain. thoughtful presentation of the Christian message to a particular audience in a unique setting. In a centre 1. Religion of the Greek Gods outstanding for the visible expression-in art and architecture--of Greek religion, Paul engages with 'The city was full of idols' (16). 'Men of Athens. the folk-belief, the popular religious perceptions, of you are very religious. For as I passed along, and the day and the place. Among an audience versed in observed the objects of your worship, I found also an philosophical thought and learning, he interacts with altar with this inscription, "To an unknown god." , their intellectual perspectives and their outlook on (22f) Athens was splendidly endowed with buildings the ultimate issues of life. He takes on their world and statues to the pagan deities of Greece, which view, and meets it with the Christian proclamation from an aesthetic perspective were (and are) rated as or, more particularly, with selected elements of the objects of merit and magnificence, 'among the artistic Christian message, chosen because they address the masterpieces of the world'. 2 Although the religion of need of the situation. He speaks in a way that both the ancient deities had declined somewhat under the latches onto and challenges the way his hearers have influence of philosophy, and had been replaced by been accustomed to look at life. -
Recent Trends in the Archaeology of Bronze Age Greece
J Archaeol Res (2008) 16:83–161 DOI 10.1007/s10814-007-9018-7 Aegean Prehistory as World Archaeology: Recent Trends in the Archaeology of Bronze Age Greece Thomas F. Tartaron Published online: 20 November 2007 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007 Abstract This article surveys archaeological work of the last decade on the Greek Bronze Age, part of the broader discipline known as Aegean prehistory. Naturally, the literature is vast, so I focus on a set of topics that may be of general interest to non-Aegeanists: chronology, regional studies, the emergence and organization of archaic states, ritual and religion, and archaeological science. Greek Bronze Age archaeology rarely appears in the comparative archaeological literature; accord- ingly, in this article I place this work in the context of world archaeology, arguing for a reconsideration of the potential of Aegean archaeology to provide enlightening comparative material. Keywords Archaeology Á Greece Á Bronze Age Á Aegean prehistory Introduction The present review updates the article by Bennet and Galaty (1997) in this journal, reporting work published mainly between 1996 and 2006. Whereas they charac- terized trends in all of Greek archaeology, here I focus exclusively on the Bronze Age, roughly 3100–1000 B.C. (Table 1). The geographical scope of this review is more or less the boundaries of the modern state of Greece, rather arbitrarily of course since such boundaries did not exist in the Bronze Age, nor was there a uniform culture across this expanse of space and time. Nevertheless, distinct archaeological cultures flourished on the Greek mainland, on Crete, and on the Aegean Islands (Figs.