Awakening Days at Dead River
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University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 11-13-2006 Awakening Days at Dead River Edward Curry Woodward University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons Scholar Commons Citation Woodward, Edward Curry, "Awakening Days at Dead River" (2006). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2763 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Awakening Days at Dead River by Edward Curry Woodward A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Liberal Arts Department of Humanities College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Raymond Arsenault, Ph.D. Gary Mormino, Ph.D. Thomas Hallock, Ph.D. Date of Approval: November 13, 2006 Keywords: Swiftmud, Hillsborough, flood, hurricane, fish camp © Copyright 2006, Edward C. Woodward Acknowledgments Thanks to everyone associated with the Florida Studies Program. I’ve had an enriching experience exploring the nuances of our state. Thanks as well to those who shared their recollections and thoughts about Dead River. Finally, thanks to the staff at the State Archives of Florida and the Southwest Florida Water Management District. Their assistance was invaluable. Table of Contents ABSTRACT ii INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER ONE: DETECTING DEAD RIVER 5 CHAPTER TWO: FISH CAMP 12 No Close Calls 18 Returning to Dead River 21 CHAPTER THREE: DEAD RIVER DEVELOPS 24 Fish Tales 28 CHAPTER FOUR: ROAD WORK AND FLOODS: BOGGED DOWN BUT BONDING 36 Leaving, but Not Gone 41 Land Lost, but Memories Remain 43 Among the Last to Live at Dead River 46 Dead River Living Lessons 51 CHAPTER FIVE: SWIFTMUD EMERGES 57 Collapse of the Cabins 61 CHAPTER SIX: DEAD RIVER BECOMES A PARK 65 Family Life Returns 66 Dead River Duties 70 Leaving Dead River 71 Dead River’s Second Ranger 72 Woods and Wildlife 76 Anthrax to Alligators 79 Unexpected Meals 81 Dead River Full Circle 82 Bibliography 84 Appendices 88 Appendix A: Yates Map (“Dead River Chronicles,” June 2000) 89 Appendix B: SWFWMD Map of Dead River Park 90 Appendix C: Arise at Dead River - A Journal by Edward C. Woodward 91 i Awakening Days at Dead River Edward C. Woodward ABSTRACT Awakening Days at Dead River traces the history of a remote public park in north Hillsborough County that was once a privately-owned riverside enclave with modest cabins, and home to a popular fish camp on the Hillsborough River. The timeframe focuses on the mid-twentieth century to present, with a contextual background of earlier history in the immediate area. The story recounts the adventures and challenges of a select group of homeowners and visitors who experienced life on the Hillsborough and Dead Rivers during that timeframe. It also shows how the area evolved into a public property when regional flood control trumped private landownership, in some cases through eminent domain. Finally, the story shows how this event altered Dead River’s course from Florida developed, to Florida reclaimed, the clues of the former often hidden by the growth of the woods. Research entails: interviews with former Dead River homeowners and their families (some shared photographs), and people who frequented the fish camp; a journal with text and photographs by Dead River homeowner Arthur Yates; interviews with two year-round live-in rangers who have overseen Dead River since it became a park; studying records of the Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD or Swiftmud), the state-run agency that acquired the property to manage regional flooding , including detailed appraisals, maps and correspondence; interviews with Swiftmud ii officials associated with Dead River; and keeping a first-hand journal of observances walking the woods at Dead River and paddling its waters. As offered above, Dead River Park has many intriguing themes worth studying. That several of its former residents and weekenders are still living, are still Floridians, and have distinct memories of their “Old Florida” fun, makes it a timely study, as well. Finally, since Dead River Park is a public entity, it is worth knowing its history; park- goers might embrace its legacy as theirs. iii INTRODUCTION With his jeans rolled up to his knees, a dog by his side, and a flat boat to pole about, Ron Yates, in a family journal picture evoking images of Tom Sawyer, had a carefree smile in September 1960.1 A few days earlier, Hurricane Donna had swept through Florida and up the United States East Coast, causing $387 million in property damage. But for a young boy with a boat, flood waters meant fun at Dead River, a secluded weekend village named for the branch whose confluence with the Hillsborough River bordered the settlement. The village was populated more by sabal palms than people: ten homes, two miles from the nearest paved road, Tampa about a half-hour drive southwestward. Glancing at the black-and-white photograph, Ron and “Butch,” next door neighbor “Pa” Corbitt’s mutt, appear to be poling across the Hillsborough. But the picture’s caption explains otherwise: “Ron Yates is poling from “Pa” Corbetts [ sic ] back yard to Yates’ back step. This was the height of the flood.” 2 The flood would also be a catalyst to closing Dead River as a private retreat. Within six years of Hurricane Donna, and just over a decade after Dead River opened, a new state-agency would acquire the property for flood control. Donna came on the heels of heavy spring flooding. For four days in mid-March 1960, twenty-seven inches of rain soaked the west central region of Florida. “Worst Flood Batters Tampa Area,” proclaimed the 18 March front page headline of the Tampa Tribune ; flood waters rushed 1 Arthur Yates, “Dead River Chronicles, June 2000,” Yates family collection, Tampa, FL. Dead River homeowner Arthur Yates compiled an unpublished journal with pictures, maps and captions, known to his family, who shared their copies, as the “Dead River Chronicles.” Several family members have copies, including his son, Ron Yates, of Tampa, FL, whose copy is cited here. 2; Sun-Sentinel.com, “1960 – Hurricane Donna,” South Florida Sun-Sentinel, http://www.sun- sentinel.com/news/weather/hurricane/sfl-1960-hurricane,0,113082.story; Arthur Yates, “Dead River Chronicles.” 1 over the Hillsborough Dam. A dim outlook followed, as the Tribune reported, “swirling waters, still on the increase above and below the Hillsborough River dam and in the North Tampa area, yesterday had sent more than 1000 families fleeing from their homes.” Photographs show a boy standing atop a submerged car in a north Tampa neighborhood, Town ‘n’ Country Park. And Memorial Highway, a popular route linking Tampa and Clearwater, became a cascading waterfall. 3 By 1962, the United States Congress had initiated the Four River Basins, Florida Project, designed to control flood waters from the Hillsborough, Oklawaha, Peace, and Withlacoochee rivers, which share the same central Florida source, the Green Swamp. Co-sponsored by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE), plans called for an “extensive network of flood storage reservoirs and control facilities,” between the four rivers and the Green Swamp. 4 The Florida legislature created the Southwest Florida Water Management District, commonly known as Swiftmud (or SWFWMD), to oversee the project locally.5 By the mid 1960s, Swiftmud had begun acquiring the Dead River properties, as well as others within the rural Hillsborough River flood plain. About fifteen years and 17,000 acres later, the Lower Hillsborough Flood Detention Area would double as a densely-wooded recreation site for a booming region.6 Meanwhile, from July 1966 to 3 Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD), A Plan for the Use and Management of the Lower Hillsborough Flood Detention Area (Brooksville: SWFWMD, 1989), 4; SWFWMD, A Plan for the Use and Management of the Tampa Bypass/Harney Canal (Brooksville, FL: SWFWMD, 1990), 1; “Worst Flood Batters Tampa Area,” The Tampa Tribune, 19 March 1960, sec. 1A.; Vernon Bradford and Duane Bradford, “Flow Still Increasing in River,” The Tampa Tribune , 20 March 1960, sec. 1A.; The Tampa Tribune , 20 March 1960, sec. 1B; The Tampa Tribune , 20 March 1960, sec. 1A.. 4A Plan for Tampa Bypass/Harney Canal , 1. 5 Johanne Alexander, A History of Water Management at the SWFWMD, (Brooksville: SWFWMD, n.d.). 6 A Plan for the Lower Hillsborough Flood Detention Area , 4. 2 mid-1981, the Tampa Bypass Canal was built to divert Hillsborough River flood waters around the cities of Temple Terrace and Tampa to MacKay Bay. 7 About twenty years ago, Dead River was improved as a park, and maintained by Hillsborough County. Razed homes and four decades of forest growth have camouflaged clues of its incarnation as a remote village. Upriver, on park grounds, an elevated view of the Hillsborough suggests a gathering spot, but nothing remains of the fish camp that once beckoned boaters, swimmers, and fishermen. In roadside woods leading to the park, an abandoned John Deere tractor is now a makeshift planter: four leaf ferns and moss sprout from its front wheels. It’s no longer the John Henry of machines tirelessly grading an unpaved road or pulling out stuck cars. At the main picnic grounds, two riverside concrete steps attached to nothing lead nowhere; they once led “Pa” Corbitt from his house to the river. Across the way, in the woods, a pile of debris hints that items were discarded decades ago: old bottles and beer cans; a rusted child’s wagon; a tricycle wedged between two laurel oaks; a blue toddler cup with twisted top intact; and a crackled tea cup with yellow flowers.