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Discovery Guide Welcome to Rajiv Joseph's Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo. Fresh from two critically acclaimed productions at Center Theatre Group's Kirk Douglas Theatre and Mark Taper Forum, FBengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo has arrived at Broadway's Richard Rodgers Theatre starring Academy Award® winner Robin Williams. This remarkable play throws two homesick soldiers, a tormented Iraqi and a brooding tiger together and dares you not to look away from its honest and hauntingly theatrical depiction of the aftermath of war. Before we tell you more, take a moment and imagine what might happen when the above characters meet. How will they interact? How will they communicate? Can you picture the city of Baghdad through the eyes of an American soldier serving in Iraq? Can you imagine the soldiers through the eyes of their Iraqi translator? What is the experience of war for a tiger caged in a zoo, 10 thousand miles from its original home? Turn the page to explore Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo: the setting, subject matter and theatrical style. Think about Iraq—its location, history and language. Read an interview with playwright Rajiv Joseph discussing the craft of playwriting and his inspiration for writing Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo. Reflect on violence onstage and in life. Why use theatre to explore the aftermath of violence? Why use theatre to explore war? How might theatre and imagination help us better understand incomprehensible real life events? Theatre raises questions and challenges audience members to discover their own answers. See what questions this information raises for you and what questions and answers the performance provides. Thank you so much for joining us for Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo. We look forward to seeing you at the theatre! It makes you wonder what’s going on on the other side of the cage. —Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo Interpreters A darkly comic and surreal story about Tom and Kev, two It is estimated that since the second Gulf War began in 2003, more than 20,000 misguided young soldiers assigned to guard the Baghdad Zoo Iraqis have worked as interpreters for the American military and private security during the early days of the 2003 American invasion of Iraq. Ifirms. According to the Department of Defense, some 5,490 Iraqis were employed AWhen Tom taunts the sole surviving Bengal Tiger with food, the as interpreters. Their job is to create the important bridge between the military Tiger bites off his hand, prompting Kev to shoot the animal. and the local community, paving the way for better communication in the The gun he uses to kill the Tiger is not just any gun; it’s a gold hopes of a peaceful exchange between the two cultures. While an interpreter job gun that Tom stole from Uday Hussein, son of dictator Saddam provides new opportunities for Iraqis, the risks can often outweigh the gains of Hussein, during a raid. The ghost of the Tiger starts to wander employment. Working for the United States government is viewed by the majority the streets of war-torn Baghdad, caught in an existential haze. of the Iraqi people as working for the occupiers, and interpreters are often viewed He begins to haunt his killer, Kev, until Kev breaks down and as traitors. Many interpreters find their lives threatened. Recently across the takes his life by severing his own hand. Like the Tiger, Kev United States, veterans of the wars in both Iraq and Afghanistan are taking up becomes a ghost and proceeds to haunt his buddy Tom. the cause of their interpreters. Veterans are creating a network of aid groups and Meanwhile, Musa, once Uday Hussein’s gardener, is trying to becoming personally involved as advocates in the immigration process, a process adapt to his new job as interpreter for the occupying American that can often take more than a year to complete. At the beginning of 2008, nearly forces. Musa is haunted by the ghost of Uday Hussein, the 2,000 interpreters in Iraq and Afghanistan had applied to the State Department man who raped and killed his little sister, Hadia. The gold gun for a Special Immigrant Visa, which would allow them to enter the United States. binds the men and the Tiger to Baghdad’s brutal past and This visa was created specifically for those Iraqi and Afghan nationals whose lives its confused, violent present. The city has transitioned from have been threatened because of their work for United States forces. Since the dictatorship to American occupation, the young soldiers have special visa for interpreters was created, 1,735 of these cases have been approved, transformed from kids to killers, the interpreter has turned though it is unclear how many have actually come to the United States. from gardener to traitor in his own land. No one can make sense of the inhuman acts surrounding him. Ghosts fill the In the play, Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo, the character of Musa is an streets of Baghdad, looking for answers in the midst of war, interpreter who is trying to learn American slang so that he can better understand and the Bengal Tiger joins American and Iraqi voices in asking, Gardens what the soldiers are saying around him, both for his own safety and that of his “Why am I here?” fellow Iraqis. Musa is caught between the two cultures, trying to use language as a bridge to understanding and clarity in an atmosphere of mistrust and violence. According to the Bible’s Book of Genesis, the Garden of Eden was located near four rivers, the Pishon, Gihon, Tigris and Have you ever had to be an interpreter in your life? Euphrates in ancient Mesopotamia, which is modern Iraq. Robin Williams. In the story of Genesis, God instructs Adam to tend to this beautiful garden, but commands him not to eat from the Tree of What was it like to be the person between two languages, two cultures? Knowledge of Good and Evil. A serpent in the tree asks Eve why she avoids eating the fruit, and Eve explains God’s command, Heightened and that she will die if she eats it. The serpent persuades her to How might our understanding of Iraq and other Arab countries deepen if eat a piece of fruit, telling Eve that it will make her and Adam we spoke their language? How can language be a bridge to bring different Theatricality like gods, knowing good and evil. Eve eats the fruit, and when groups closer together? Adam realizes what she’s done, he too eats the fruit so that he can remain with Eve. God casts them both out of the Garden. "I'm not the kind of person who does this. This story is often used as metaphor for the consequences of Have you ever managed to communicate with someone who did not A tiger who speaks and contemplates the existence of knowledge, good and evil. speak the same language as you? How did you make your thoughts God. A soldier who dies and returns a more intelligent It is not who I am." —Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo and feelings known? ghost. The ghost of a tyrant's son who appears Why do you think that the playwright, Rajiv Joseph, carrying his brother's head. In the world of this play, includes references to gardens throughout his play? What life and death intermingle in a state of constant unrest. is he saying about knowledge and good and evil? Characters are haunted: by each other, by their past Violence actions and by the violence of their present. The character Musa is proud of being a gardener because he is able to use his hands to create beauty and life rather than Rajiv Joseph’s play Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo violence. Much of that beauty is destroyed during the play. is based on real-life events, but he has used artistic In this play, the characters find themselves in cruel and Discovery Guide license to spin a tale full of surreal elements. Why violent situations. Characters are tortured and killed, Do you think beauty can exist in the midst of a violent do you think the playwright chose a heightened, people lose their limbs, their minds and their lives. world? Can beauty outlast violence? Where do you see Writer non-realistic style to tell the story? Does the The play explores what happens to people, places and beauty in your own world? Why is it important to continue Julie Marie Myatt theatricality give you a different perspective than animals in the aftermath of violence. to make or appreciate beauty in brutal times? My hands belong to me. And my if the story had been told in a more realistic way? Associate Director How does it impact your experience as an audience What makes one capable of violence? Is it innate, of Education hands have their own memory. Debra Piver member? or is it learned? Is it different when an animal commits a violent act than when a human does? And when I put them on a plant, Teaching Artists in What is the difference? Residence Lynn Clark they create something. They will Leslie Ishii What is the value of watching violence onstage? Topiary Marcos Najera Search For How might it help us reflect upon the violence in create something. Omar Ricks our own world? How does witnessing the violence in the play and its impact on the characters —Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo Proofreader Answers Topiary is the art of trimming living trees and shrubs into Mandy Ratliff deepen your understanding of the consequences of violence and of war? decorative shapes.

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