Assawoman Canal Trail Concept Plan

Assawoman Canal Trail

Concept Plan

Project Partners

Ocean View Bethany Beach South Bethany Bahamas Beach Cottages Sea Colony Salt Pond Waterside Delaware State Parks

June 2011

Assawoman Canal Trail Concept Plan

Acknowledgements Community Vision for a Trail Concept Plan Recommendations Assawoman Canal Background Existing Conditions Canal Dimensions Water Resources Natural Habitat Species of Concern Floodplains & Topography Parks & Beaches Cultural Resources Area Development Population Canal Crossings Sidewalks & Bicycle Lanes Water Access Evaluation Outdoor Recreation Assessment Desired Trail Experiences Public Workshops Evaluation of Opportunities & Constraints Trailheads Land Access Buffers Segment Assessments Visioning a Trail Trailhead Access Trail Width Trail Tread Pedestrian & Bicycle Bridges Road Crossings & Underpasses Water Access Conclusion Appendices A. Working Group Members B. Working Group Meetings & Timeline C. Bird Species in block 199 & 210 D. Public Workshop Comment Form E. Public Workshop Responses F. Native Plant List G. Photo log

Acknowledgements In 2009, a Working Group, comprised of municipal and community leaders and staff from the Division of Parks & Recreation, Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Control, formed to determine the feasibility of a trail along the Assawoman Canal. The Working Group evaluated current conditions, public input, natural and cultural resources and recreation preferences. This successful partnership guided the development the Assawoman Canal Trail Concept Plan.

Using information derived from the assessments and public open houses, the Working Group identifying opportunities for new trail construction and trail access points for both land and water trails. The public supports the vision for a recreational trail for walking and biking.

Members of the Working Group include: Conway Gregory - Ocean View Town Manager; Clifford Graviet - Bethany Beach Town Manager; Melvin Cusick - South Bethany Town Manager; Carol Olmstead – Bethany Beach Vice Mayor; Tony McClenny – Bethany Beach Mayor; Anthony Aglio - DelDOT, Bicycle/Pedestrian Coordinator; Jim Toedtman - Sea Colony; Dick Malone – Salt Pond; Peter Martucci – Bahamas Beach; Bill Just – Bahamas Beach; Gary Jayne – South Bethany Mayor; Richard Nippes – Ocean View; Jessie Pieplow – Salt Pond; George Walter – Ocean View; Pat Woodring – Waterside; and Sally Boswell – Center for the Inland Bays.

Staff from the Division of Parks & Recreation provided resource assessment and evaluation. They include the following: Bob Ehemann, Kendall Sommers, David Bartoo, Cherie Clark, Ken Farrall, Thomas Kneavel, Mike Krumrine, Rob Line, Chris Bennett, Doug Long, Don Long, Susan Moerschel, Paul Nicholson, Matthew Chesser and Ron Vickers.

Denise Husband, Environmental Design, LLC, created the conceptual renderings that graphically bring proposed trail facilities to life.

Community Vision for a Trail In 2008, community leaders from Ocean View, Bethany Beach, and South Bethany proposed the concept of creating a trail along the Assawoman Canal. The linear nature of the Canal property and its proximity to residential development lends itself to trail development.

A Working Group was formed to identify constraints and opportunities for a trail along the Canal. The Group included municipal leaders, community representatives from Salt Pond, Sea Colony, Bahamas Beach, and Waterside and staff from Delaware’s Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Division of Parks and Recreation (Division). Appendix B highlights the Working Group activities during the concept phase.

The Working Group envisioned a bike and pedestrian trail along both sides of the Assawoman Canal and a water trail with canoe and kayak access. The key objectives identified by the Working Group ar e:

 Develop an upland-based sustainable, safe and meandering pedestrian and bike trail;  Develop a water trail for kayaks and canoes in the Assawoman Canal waterway;  Develop community access points to both the land trail and water trail;  Design a trail system with a uniform pathway surface across all jurisdictions and communities;  Be sensitive to the privacy concerns of adjoining property owners by using vegetative buffers or fences;  Keep the area natural: retain trees and native vegetation and minimize wildlife disturbance;  Landscape with native vegetation; and  Incorporate trail amenities such as benches, way finding signage and wayside interpretation of the area’s history and environment.

Image 1 – A view of the southernmost section of the Assawoman Canal, below Jefferson Bridge.

The Assawoman Canal Trail Concept Plan identifies the potential prospects and limitations for designing and developing a shared-use trail along the Assawoman Canal. Identifying the current conditions, physical constraints, opportunities, potential access points, local and regional pedestrian and bicycle systems, and evaluation of supplementary information/data became the foundation for the Concept Plan. The Working Group concluded that creating a trail on Canal land will increase recreational opportunities in a populated area where these activities are limited. The trail will also begin to expand a network of bicycle and pedestrian pathways that will connect communities, ease movement to the beach and provide alternative transportation options.

In the growing residential beach community, traffic congestion intensifies during the summer and parking near recreational beaches is full. The Working Group envisions a trail system that will enhance active lifestyles and community livability as reflected in the towns’ vision statements:

South Bethany: “To develop the Town into a well-maintained, law-abiding, and single-family community serving residents and visitors with an infrastructure committed to the enhancement of a safe, healthy and attractive lifestyle, while preserving and improving the Town's natural and man-made assets.” Ocean View: “Implement a comprehensive land use plan that will enhance Ocean View’s quality of life and retain its small town charm while coping effectively with the pressure of growth.” Bethany Beach: “People are Bethany’s greatest asset; the Town’s goal is providing a high quality of life experiences and opportunities to residents, property and business owners and visitors.”

The municipal Comprehensive Land Use Plans promote systems that support walking and biking for recreation and transportation. This canal trail will promote active lifestyles and create community connections while reducing vehicle trips.

Image 2: members of the Working Group take a field trip to the Junction & Breakwater Trail, a model trail, that links communities, neighborhoods, shopping centers, and other community services. The J&B Trail lies between Lewes and Rehoboth Beach. Community access, information boards with orientation maps, wayside exhibits, and a parking lot at Wolfe Neck Road are found along the trail. In this image, Working Group members cross a reconstructed railroad bridge over Holland Glade.

Assawoman Canal Background The Assawoman Canal lies in eastern Sussex County and is a 3.9 mile long linear waterway linking Indian River Bay and Little Assawoman Bay. At its northernmost end, the Assawoman Canal flows into White Creek, then joins Indian River Bay. At its southernmost end, the Canal merges into Little Assawoman Bay. Jefferson Creek flows from the west through the Assawoman Wildlife Area before it reaches the Canal. The Canal connects the municipalities of Ocean View, Bethany Beach, and South Bethany and the communities of Salt Pond, Turtle Walk, Sea Colony, Ocean Way Estates, Bahamas Beach, Collins Park, Waterside and Cat Hill. Map 1 gives a regional perspective of the Assawoman Canal and the surrounding communities.

Assawoman Canal was a segment of the extensive Intracoastal Waterway originally intended as a continuous channel from New York City to Brownsville, Texas. Though financed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (Corp) as a defensive coastal waterway, the Assawoman Canal improved transportation options for local farmers who shipped their produce to the developing summer resorts, hotels and inns along the Indian River and Rehoboth Bay.

The Corp managed the Canal, but as the importance for water navigation declined, the property was placed into federal surplus status. The Canal property was conveyed to the Division in 1990. Conservation terms established by the Corp require a 20-foot vegetative buffer from the high water mark of the canal. This buffer is required to maintain bank stabilization and resource protection.

It is believed the word “Assawoman” originated from the Algonquian languages. From the Virginia Algonquian, “Namassingakent” means “fish – plenty of” and “Assaomeck” means “middle fishing place”.

Map 1 Regional Overview

Concept Plan Recommendations Undertaking an assessment and evaluation of the Assawoman Canal’s resources and recreation potential was done so in a partnership by the Towns of Ocean View, Bethany Beach, and South Bethany, the Bahamas Beach Cottage, Sea Colony, Salt Pond AND Waterside communities and Division of Parks & Recreation. In partnership, a Working Group comprised of representatives from the municipalities and communities listed above developed the Assawoman Canal Trail Concept Plan. Activities conducted by the Working Group guided an exchange that led to greater public respect and understanding of the Canal, better awareness of area recreational needs and demand, and requirements and potential issues among future trail users.

Though not dramatically diverse, the resources encompassed within the Assawoman Canal lands are special and hold great potential for recreational trail development. Communities adjoining the Canal, for the most part, are intensely developed. Summer and shoulder season population grows as part-time residents return and vacationers come to the coastal region.

Intensive Working Group discussions resulted in insights, direction and a vision for this Concept Plan. Key objectives identified by the Working Group, listed in the previous section above, guided the development, information gathering and eventual formation of this Concept Plan.

Resource analysis and a series of site and field visits informed the Working Group of existing conditions revealing opportunities and constraints for developing trails, access, and retaining valued resources. A field trip to the Junction & Breakwater Trail, between Lewes and Rehoboth Beach, illustrated trail alignment, surface material uses, shared trail uses, resource protection, and proximity to residential homes and businesses. Another field visit along the Canal waterway provided valuable understanding of the vegetation buffer requirements, Canal width constraints, and Canal underpass conditions. Assessments of potential visitor experiences pointed to a number of discrete areas along the Assawoman Canal with high potential for trail-related access, excellent recreational experiences, and potential to grow a network of bicycle/pedestrian facilities.

This Concept Plan is a step toward improving the recreational potential of the Assawoman Canal land for bicycle and pedestrian activities and enhancing access to the Canal for a water trail. The vision and goal of the Working Group is to realize the extraordinary recreation potential encompassed within Assawoman Canal lands as part of an integrated network in southeast Sussex County.

Assessment data detailed within this Concept Plan laid the foundation for Working Group recommendations. There are significant opportunities along the Canal for planning the development and construction of future trail segments. Despite some of the complexities of trail development, further detailed in the sections that follow, the Working Group recommends entering into the design and engineering stage for shared-use trail development. Specifically, the Working Group recommends the following:

 Foster trail development retaining the current landscape and “look and feel” of the Canal’s upland area.

 Link residential neighborhoods and communities that adjoin Canal lands with an upland trail that is context sensitive to the Canal landscape and adjoining development.  Construct a meandering trail with a tread comprised of “stone and fines” materials that will blend with the natural setting prized by community residents. A stone and fines surface will support bikes, strollers and provides a comfortable walking surface. Highly used and visited Junction & Breakwater Trail is constructed of stone and fines.  Trail width must be compatible to achieve the following conditions: retain existing trees and vegetation; retain the existing “look and feel” so that a trail blends into the landscape; retains the 20 foot required canal-side buffer; and provides ample buffer between neighbors and trail users.  Trails should include benches, scenic overlooks, trail way finding markers and wayside exhibits that interpret Canal history and natural resource features.  Develop new trailhead access spots with information boards, maps, a pavilions for shade or picnics. Enhance trail access at Central Avenue, Route 26 and Jefferson Bridge.  Create or improve canoe and kayak access to the Canal waterway.

The Working Group envisions that the next steps toward realizing a trail and water trail are design and engineering that may be completed incrementally by the municipalities and communities in partnership with the Division of Parks & Recreation. The Working Group will guide future phases of design, engineering and construction that will bring new recreational opportunities and greater community connectivity to the region.

The recommendations and visions of this Concept Plan reflect the Working Group’s realistic optimism and the public support for high quality recreation experiences. Trail development will make significant contributions to the community and neighborhood livability, expand recreational opportunities, provide places to enhance physical fitness, and provide regional network linkages (alternative transportation) to communities, businesses and the coast.

Existing Conditions

Canal Dimensions The Assawoman Canal is 3.9 miles long encompassing 97 acres of state-owned lands. The property is defined as 105 feet on each side from the waterway’s center running its entire 3.9 mile length. The Canal waterway itself is generally 90 feet wide and surrounding uplands are approximately 60 feet wide.

Image 3 - In 2009 and 2010, the Canal was dredged to a center depth of three (3) feet below mean low water, with a base width of thirty-five (35) feet. This depth allows motorized craft to pass through the Canal. The Canal is managed as a no wake zone.

Water Resources Delaware’s Inland Bays – comprised of Rehoboth, Indian River and Little Assawoman Bays – were recognized for their national significance in 1988 when the three-bay system was designated into the National Estuary Program. The Assawoman Canal is the main water artery connecting the Indian River and Little Assawoman Bays. Inland Bay surface water covers 32 square miles while the entire watershed encompasses 320 square miles. The focus area of this concept plan falls within the Inland Bay watershed.

Natural Habitat The Assawoman Canal is a narrow fringe of early succession habitat anchored by wetlands at both ends. Aside from nearby publicly-owned lands at the Canal’s south end, the surrounding area has been extensively developed and consists of a modified habitat of hedgerows and manicured lawns.

Adjoining the southwest end of the Canal is the Assawoman Wildlife Area. Encompassing 3,100 acres, this site is managed by the State Division of Fish & Wildlife for migrating and wintering waterfowl, white-tailed deer and bobwhite quail. Wildlife area lands adjacent to the Little Assawoman Bay are predominately wetland landscapes.

Species of Concern Though no species of concern are located along the Assawoman Canal, a number of rare and/or endangered species are associated with White Creek, The Salt Pond Woods, and the Assawoman Wildlife Area. The Division of Fish and Wildlife identifies and tracks the species of concern through the Delaware Natural Heritage Program.

Birds: To determine the current distribution of all bird species breeding within the state, a second Breeding Bird Atlas began in 2008. A four year project, the Delaware Breeding Bird Atlas is a grid-based survey using US Geological Survey topographic quadrangles. After two years of surveys, 76 and 63 bird species have been reported for quadrangle subsets known as Blocks 199 and 210. These blocks fall within the study area. Consult Appendix C for a list of bird species identified in these blocks. The reported species are for each block as a whole, however with the overall lack of available bird habitat away from the canal, it is likely that many, if not all, of the species occur along the Assawoman Canal. (A species list for each block can be found at http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bba/index.cfm?fa=explore.ResultsByBlock&BBA_ID=DE2008

Floodplains & Topography The Assawoman Canal is located in the Coastal Plain Region and is characterized by variations of elevation between one and twelve feet, with an average elevation of ten feet along the coastline and five feet inland. Slopes are generally less than one percent with the exception of the remnants of the dune line and the canal banks. Most of the Assawoman Canal falls outside of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 100-year floodplain.

Recent projected Sea Level Rise maps demonstrate three scenarios of water inundation for Delaware by 2100. Map 2 depicts Potential Sea Level Rise Scenarios in various metric increments. Following the first scenario, 0.5-meter sea level rise, there would be little if any impact to the Assawoman Canal. The greatest effects of water inundation are projected to occur south of the Jefferson Bridge and Muddy Neck Road in the Assawoman Wildlife Area.

Greater impacts to the Assawoman Canal are in the second two predicted scenarios, 1.0 meter and 1.5 meter sea level rise by 2100. In the 1.0m scenario, water intrusion would be seen north of Muddy Neck Road/Jefferson Bridge affecting the Bahamas Beach Cottages, Waterside, and the southern portion of Sea Colony. Water intrusion would also be seen along Atlantic Avenue north to The Salt Pond. Land where White Creek connects with the Assawoman Canal would also be impacted with a 1.0m rise in sea level.

In the worst case scenario, a 1.5 meter sea level rise by 2100 would have significant impacts on the Assawoman Canal. Lands from Sea Colony south would be submerged. Sea water intrusion would be seen along Garfield Parkway encompassing most of The Salt Pond and extending into Ocean View on the west side of the Canal. There would also be significant water intrusion north of Central Avenue.

Map 2 Potential Sea Level Rise Scenarios

Parks & Beaches The following table lists publicly-owned lands permanently maintained for active and passive recreation opportunities and for conservation in the area of the Canal.

Community or Park Acres Facilities Managing Agency

Ocean View John West Park 2.9 Playground, gazebo, walking paths, picnic pavilion, fitness equipment Bethany Beach Nature Center and 23.6 Playground, boardwalk trail to Conservation Area observation area, interpretative info, nature center Bethany Beach Loop Canal Centennial 0.1 Passive park, historical marker Park

South Bethany Richard Hall Memorial 1.5 Shaded open space Park Division of Fish Assawoman Wildlife 3,100 Boat launch, piers, pavilion, picnic, trails and Wildlife Area

Division of Parks Fresh Pond – Delaware 757 Trailhead parking, trail, scenic vistas and Recreation Seashore State Park Division of Parks Holts Landing State Park 202 Trails, boat ramp, pier, playground, picnic and Recreation pavilion Division of Parks Fenwick Island State Park 378 Beach, boat access, bathhouse, picnic and Recreation areas Division of Parks Delaware Seashore State 1,988 Several parking areas, beach access for and Recreation Park swimming, fishing, surfing; marina, boat ramp, dry stack storage, kayak access; bathhouses, camping and rental cottages, picnic pavilion, playground; nature trail.

Images 4 & 5 - Left and right above, Bethany Beach Nature Center and Conservation Area and observation trail.

Image 6 – Playground in Ocean View’s Image 7 – Richard Hall Memorial Park in John West Park. South Bethany offers a place for quiet time.

Cultural Resources While there is history associated with the Canal, there are no existing features or structures today that hold cultural preservation status within the Canal lands owned by the Division of Parks & Recreation. Ocean View’s Comprehensive Land Use Plan acknowledges that there is potential for a historic district north of Route 26 and understands that the protection of structures is an important aspect of preserving its small town atmosphere. A proposed historic area touches the Assawoman Canal. Ocean View’s Town Council may consider adopting special land use regulations for the historic area. The Town and the Ocean View Historical Society collaborate to preserve the cultural and historical resources of the community and region.

Founded in 1894 as a former summer Image 8 – Historic Home in Ocean View camp religious retreat site, the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) completed a historic and cultural resources inventory in the Town of Bethany Beach. Experts found that the town itself has a rich history but that few resources remain with the integrity required by the National Register of Historic Places to establish a historic district. Due to the growing popularity of Delaware’s coastal communities, the physical integrity of many of the local Image 9 – Drexler Cottage, Bethany Beach historic resources has been compromised 14 over the years by multiple additions, significant renovations, and demolition. Of the 141 total properties surveyed in Bethany Beach, SHPO identified 12 that could be considered “eligible resources” for preservation under federal National Historic Preservation Act guidelines. 57 additional structures are considered significant to the Bethany Beach community adding to this town’s charm.

Area Development At present, the three municipalities adjoining the Canal – Ocean View, Bethany Beach and South Bethany Beach - are largely built-out. While Bethany and South Bethany have no plans for annexation, Ocean View’s Comprehensive Land Use Plan suggests incorporating areas south and west of its current boundary. A significant portion of housing in all three municipalities is single family with some multi-family dwellings.

Population From 2000-2010, the Town of Ocean View’s year round population grew from 1,006 to 1,882, an 87.1% increase; the 7th fastest growing municipality in the state. Bethany Beach’s year round population grew 17.4% to 1,060 residents. South Bethany’s year round population decreased by 8.7% to 449 residents. These population numbers reflect year round residents of the three municipalities. According to its current Comprehensive Land Use Plan, Bethany Beach expects its future population growth to come from existing and new residents opting to live there year-round and not from new-home construction. The seasonal population of these tourist beach towns increases significantly during the summer months. Map 3 depicts the 2010 Census Block populations in the region. Areas in pink are population densities greater than 500 people per square mile.

Map 3 Population Density

Canal Crossings The Delaware Department of Transportation (DelDOT) maintains three vehicle bridges that cross the Canal. All three bridges are considered to have high potential as access points for this Canal trail system. Additionally, these bridges are part of major roadway arteries for the region. These bridges include:  Central Avenue bridge, the northernmost canal crossing, is located between Central Ave. to the south and Cedar Neck Road to the north.  The Route 26 bridge sits at the municipal boundary of Ocean View and Bethany Beach. The bridge divides Atlantic Avenue to the west and Garfield Parkway to the east.  Jefferson Bridge is the southernmost canal crossing connecting Muddy Neck Road to the west and Kent Avenue to the east.

Due to site limitations that include narrowness of Canal upland property, height conditions over navigable waterways, and accessibility requirements, building a footbridge that spans the canal midway between the vehicular bridges does not appear likely. This restriction makes public access to a Canal trail extremely important at existing bridge locations.

Image 10 – Bicycle riders westbound in the road shoulder of the Route 26 bridge.

Image 11 – View of the approach to Jefferson Bridge on Kent Avenue looking west. Far right road is the entrance road to Bahamas Beach Cottages.

Sidewalks & Bicycle Lanes Within this plan’s focus area, there is no complete system of sidewalks. Sidewalk networks encourage residents to recreate, reduce vehicular trips, and afford safer opportunities to move around communities. Recognizing the need for sidewalks, Ocean View is partnering with DelDOT to create a community sidewalk network; sidewalk construction at Central Avenue is scheduled to begin in 2013. These improvements will make pedestrian access to John West Park, the Canal and Atlantic Avenue destinations safer and convenient. Map 4 depicts the region’s pedestrian and bike facilities and are listed below.

 Garfield Parkway (Route 26) – nearly continuous on both sides of the road from the Boardwalk to the Assawoman Canal bridge. A 500 foot gap exists on the north side between Kent Ave. and Route 1.  Atlantic Avenue (Route 26, west of Canal bridge) – sidewalk improvements will continue west along Route 26 into Millville.  Cedar Neck Road – as new development has occurred on this road, 6 to 8 foot pathways were constructed. However, the system is not continuous.  Central Ave – a sidewalk with a curb exists on the north side of the bridge. Sidewalk improvements along Central Ave. are part of an upcoming street project  Kent Ave – no sidewalks exist, but the shoulder is marked for “share the road”.  Muddy Neck Road – no sidewalks and the wide shoulders are unmarked.

The access from Cedar Neck Road is a short distance from Fred Hudson Road and Fresh Pond (a Delaware Seashore State Park unit). Existing pedestrian/bike pathways along Cedar Neck and a planned pathway along Fred Hudson promote regional recreation opportunities.

Within this plan’s focus area, bicycle lanes are in place in the following locations:

 Garfield Parkway (SR 26) - bicycle lanes on both shoulders starting at the Bethany Beach Bandstand running continuously westbound over the Assawoman Canal Bridge shown in Image 12.  Pennsylvania Avenue and Atlantic Avenue (both run north and south in Bethany Beach east of Route 1) have bicycle lanes on both shoulders from the Town’s northern and southern limits.  Atlantic Avenue (Ocean View) - narrow bicycle lanes on both shoulders.  Kent Avenue - bicycle lanes on both shoulders between Garfield Parkway (SR. 26) and the Jefferson Bridge.  Route 1 – bicycle lanes are in both directions with wide shoulders for bike use.

Image 12 – Garfield Parkway looking east from the Route 26 bridge. Bicycle riders using the road shoulder.

Map 4 Bicycle and Pedestrian Network

Water Access Two existing informal water access sites for car top water craft are located at the following sites:  Ocean View Marina adjacent to Elliott Avenue; and  South side of Kent Avenue at Jefferson Bridge.

These sites are located at the south and north ends of the Canal respectively. Other access to water is present in the region, primarily located in private communities.

Image 13 – This access to the Canal waterway is located on the south side of the Jefferson Bridge. Local residents have used this unofficial site for some time.

Image 14 – Existing Canal access at the end of Elliott Avenue adjacent to the Harbor View Marina.

Evaluation & Assessment

Outdoor Recreation Assessment In May and June 2008, the Division conducted a telephone survey of Delaware residents to gather information and trends on outdoor recreation patterns and preferences. These findings are the foundation of the 2009-2011 update of the Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCORP), a statewide plan outlining both the demand and need for outdoor recreation facilities. The Plan projects facilities that will fulfill gaps in outdoor recreation opportunities that meet the public’s recreational needs. (See http://www.dnrec.delaware.gov/parks/Information/Documents/2009-2011_SCORP.pdf)

Because Delaware is home to diverse population centers and varying landscapes, regional variations in outdoor recreation needs are to be expected. Therefore for the purposes of planning and projecting outdoor recreational facility needs, the state was divided into five regions for reporting SCORP results. Common to all regions in Delaware is the need for linear facilities, such as trails and paved pathways that accommodate walkers, joggers, hikers, and bicyclists. These activities ranked high in every region, as well as among different ethnic groups and age categories.

Region 5 of the SCORP Plan incorporates the southeast portion of the state including the Assawoman Canal. Within Region 5, 380 Delaware households completed the telephone survey and 86% of the respondents expected a member of their household to participate in walking or jogging; 65% in bicycling; 40% in hiking; 13% in horseback riding; and 9% in mountain biking. Based on a comparison of findings (from the previously published 2003- 2008 SCORP), the trend for trail-related activities continues to be popular among the recreating public.

Furthermore, SCORP identifies major issues of outdoor recreation and conservation concern. In response to the 2008 SCORP telephone survey, 75% of respondents living in Region 5 reported that bike and pedestrian facilities should be a very important funding priority.

The SCORP also queried participants on several aspects of their recreational lifestyles. When asked why they participate in outdoor recreation, telephone survey respondents gave these top four answers: 1) for physical fitness, 2) to be with family and friends, 3) for relaxation, and 4) to be close to nature. A trail along the Assawoman Canal would provide these types of recreation opportunities.

Desired Trail Experiences This area already provides significant trail related experiences and has near-term potential to enhance and/or provide a larger variety of community users and visitor experiences for different types of trail users. The desired types of trail experiences here include the following.

 Boating (both paddle and power) within the Assawoman Canal. Whether on un- guided or guided trips, visitors can access the Canal today to explore its length and adjoining creeks and coves. Enhancing access to water will encourage more paddlers to utilize the Canal as a recreational water trail.

 Visits tied to walking, and probably biking, along the Assawoman Canal are already taking place. Well-worn paths have been created by local residents. Enhancement to create a proper trail with trailheads, orientation signage and trail markers encourages recreational use. Building a pathway trail compliments the growing system of sidewalks while promoting viable transportation alternatives.

These experiences would target and engage several audiences: permanent and part-time residents; families; individuals; vacationers coming to Southeast Sussex County; casual outdoor visitors seeking some outdoor activities; and outdoor enthusiasts -paddlers, boaters, hikers, bikers.

Public Workshops An important component of the Concept Plan has been community involvement. This Concept Plan is the result of local community leaders working together to determine if a pathway is possible, has public support, and will promote and enhance recreational opportunities.

To gage public interest and to help shape the vision of a canal trail, the Working Group held a series of public workshops in Ocean View, Bethany, South Bethany and Sea Colony. These workshops were held on the evenings of September 16, 24, 30 and October 9, 2009. Maps of the Canal lands showing the extent and location of a potential trail were exhibited. Trail crossings, and trail enhancements such as surface materials, information boards, and foot bridges were exhibited to familiarize the attending public with possible trail features.

Approximately 200 full-time and part-time residents participated in the public workshops. A Comment Form (see Appendix D) was distributed to attendees to obtain opinions on potential usage, access, design and safety considerations. The comment form was intended to gage public support and to encourage respondents to share comments and concerns regarding trail development. A section of the form allowed attendees to comment openly. Attendees were given the option to complete the Comment forms at the workshop or at home and turn it in at a later date.

161 area residents participated in the four Assawoman Canal Workshops. Based input received directly and the responses provided on the Comment Forms, public support for an Assawoman Canal trail is favorable and widespread. The majority of the feedback was positive and supportive. The open responses are listed in no particular order in Appendix E.

Several pages that follow summarize public responses submitted on the Assawoman Canal Comment Forms.

Would you use a pathway (trail) if it were built? When asked if they would use the trail, 81.4% of respondents said they would use the trail if it were constructed while 14.9% said they would not use the trail.

How often are you likely to use a pathway? When asked how often they would use the pathway, 20.5% responded they would use the pathway daily, 36.6 % weekly, 13% monthly and 11.8% a few times per year. Less than 9% responded that they would never use it and 9% did not respond. Both the high number of potential trail users and the frequency of visits reinforce the need and desire for bike and pedestrian facilities in the region.

What would be your primary use of a pathway (trail)? In response to the primary activities on the trail, 68.9% responded they would walk, 55.9% bike, 40.4% observe wildlife, 34.8% canoe/kayak, 13% jog/run and 3.1% roller blade. Many of the respondents listed multiple activities. In fact, 69 of the 161 responded that their primary use of the trail is both walking and biking. More than a third of respondents indicated their interest in paddling the Canal, a popular beach activity.

What type of surfacing would you prefer? The preference for trail surfacing was 32.9% earthen trails, 26.7% paved, 17.4% crushed stone, 8.1% mulch, 4.3% no preference and 10.6% did not respond. The Working Group biked the Junction and Breakwater Trail which has a crushed stone surface. The feedback from the Working Group on the surfacing was positive including comments referring to how natural the crushed stone looks and feels, how compact it is, how easy it is to bike on and how it would not require crack repair like asphalt and concrete. For many, it was their first experience on a crushed stone trail.

What trail-width would you prefer? The preference for trail width is spread evenly among the narrowest 3 trail widths. About 62% of the respondents prefer a trail 10 feet or narrower while 23% indicated a preference for a wider trail of 12 to 14 feet. Here are the responses by trail width: 6 feet (19.3%), 8 feet (18.6%), 10 feet (24.2%), 12 feet (9.3%) and 14 feet (12.4%). This question is not typically asked of the general public because most surface widths, like roads and sidewalks, are predetermined.

What are the most important amenities to have in a trail system? According to the respondents, the most important amenities are benches (49.7%), trail markers (47.8%) and parking areas (42.9%). The second tier of important amenities is education/historical signs (32.9%), overlooks (30.4%), maps (29.8%), restrooms (26.1%) and information kiosks (13%). Even though the majority of residents live within a 1 mile walk of the Canal, the high response that parking areas are an important amenity is a reflection of our car dependency and need for walking facilities in the area.

What type of buffer would you prefer between a pathway and adjacent properties? The majority of respondents favor a vegetative buffer (57.8%) followed by fencing (16.8%). A small number of respondents prefer no buffer (3.1%) and 17.4% did not respond. As far as the written comments, 3.7% responded that the adjacent landowners should be given a choice and only 1.2% suggested that a buffer is the responsibility of the adjacent landowner.

Would you be willing to participate in a volunteer group to “adopt” the pathway? In other words, the user becomes an ambassador/trail watcher coordinating with local communities and State Parks to oversee the pathway. Almost half (49.7%) responded that they would be willing to participate in a volunteer group. This is very encouraging to see this level of support and volunteering can help foster a sense of place, responsibility and stewardship for the Canal property.

Responses to the Workshop Comment Forms revealed that many residents want to preserve the small town atmosphere, protect the natural environment, incorporate healthier activities into their lifestyles and improve pedestrian and bike mobility in the region. A complete list of responses can be found in Appendix E. Below is a sampling of public comments provided by Workshop participants.

 “DO NOT HESITATE! START NOW! This has been long awaited and will be used everyday all year long (weather permitting) and will be a great asset to all communities.”

 “1) The Assawoman Canal corridor is a potential gem to the overall community on many levels. It would connect communities such as Salt Pond with Turtle Walk, Sea Colony & adjacent neighborhoods. 2) Eventually a strong connection from Fresh pond to Assawoman Wildlife preserve [Area] will build community relationships like no other infrastructure. 3) "It's not just the beach anymore" we need these walkable/bikable & boatable connections. Look at Central Avenue: you would never stroll or walk w/your children down that corridor. There are few opportunities to make livable improvements to our area and this is a major opportunity.”

 “I want the greater community to benefit from the wonderful "passive" trail. The Not In My BackYard mentality is self-serving homeowners along the canal who knew the canal and adjacent land was public when purchased.”

 “The Canal needs stewards and this way it will get some”.

 “More and more people want to incorporate healthy activities into their vacations. I have never felt comfortable riding bikes, or walking, on the roads in Bethany. So every time we go to the beach we leave the bikes at home and exercise in the gym!”  “It [a trail] is very important, however, not to cut any trees down unless it is absolutely necessary.”  “Make pathway wide enough to allow for easy passing of jogger, walkers, biker, and dog walkers.”  “I don't think a parking lot would be appropriate anywhere near the canal. The path should be for people living in walking or biking distance to the canal path.”

Concerns of privacy and security were also expressed. The majority of concerns involve the invasion of privacy to adjacent landowners and the real and perceived security concerns that a trail introduces. Examples of these concerns are below.

 “Any buffer placed between our home and the canal would obstruct our view. We are also concerned with potential of increased crime with allowing people access to our rear door so easily.”

 “Property owners along the canal purchased their property for the solitude, trees, nature and privacy afforded by the canal, including myself. I appreciate folks jogging, biking, and walking past the front of my home - that is expected, anticipated and fits well with that environment. Having the same happen behind my house is intuitively different.”

The response below submitted by a Sea Colony resident captures both the public interest and concern for the trail:

“My husband and I own a property that is adjacent to the canal. We feel strongly that any pathway must maintain the natural appearance and ambiance of the area. We have the obvious concerns about security, noise and litter but we would be happy to share this lovely area with those who wo uld respect our privacy and the natural environment.”

Evaluation of Opportunities & Constraints A great trail is memorable and worth returning to day after day, season after season. The most successful trails start with a purposeful plan that fosters a rich visitor experience and responsible use. The Assawoman Canal is a ribbon of green physically and socially linking 3 municipalities and 6 communities all sharing a boundary with the canal lands.

Elements, features and amenities typically associated with a trail are illustrated in this section. Examples of trailheads, trail corridor widths, road crossings, bridge underpasses and overlooks provide the reader with graphic representations of what a trail could look like once constructed.

Trailheads A trailhead is a physical site used to access a recreational trail. It is a welcoming entrance to the trail. It may contain amenities such as an information board with a map to give trail users basic trail guidance or park rules to establish visitor expectations. Trailheads may also include parking, rest rooms, shaded pavilions, benches, picnic tables, interpretative signage or other features.

Land Access Ideally, access points approximately every 0.25 to 0.5 miles enable the greatest degree of public access to a trail. Under these conditions, high levels of trail use can be expected. However, the physical setting of the Canal, with its surrounding land development, limits trail access and limits places to construct public parking. Due to this parking constraint, the trail will be used primarily by area residents and vacationers. Details on the existing access sites are outlined in Table 1 and the following segment descriptions.

Buffers Terms established by the Corp require a 20-foot vegetative buffer from the high water mark of the canal. This buffer is required to maintain bank stabilization and resource protection. The banks of the Assawoman Canal are steeper than a naturally occurring slope because of the undercutting of the banks. The main reasons for this undercutting are the continual back and forth tidal movement, the relatively narrow channel and the proximity of wakes created by water craft. Other factors that determine the rate of erosion are bank height and slope, channel width, soil types and vegetation. In addition to reducing the valuable land and compromising the canopy cover, erosion increases sedimentation and turbidity and decreases light penetration and overall water and habitat quality. Bank stabilization will improve with native plantings within the vegetative buffer. Further evaluation and assessment outside of this plan will be required to fully understand Canal bank conditions and methods for stabilization. A list of native plants can be found in Appendix F. 28

Segment Assessments The Assawoman Canal Trail Concept Plan divides the planning area into four segments. Opportunities and constraints for trail design and development are outlined for each segment. Table 1, below, summarizes the characteristics of each segment. The constraints and opportunities for each segment are outlined in greater detail.

Table 1 – Segment Assessment Overview

Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 4 West Side - Route 26 to East Side - Route 26 to West side - Assawoman East side - Black Gum North end North end Wildlife Area to Route Drive to Route 26 26 Distance 6,200 feet (1.2 miles) 5,800 feet (1.1 miles) 8,900 feet (1.7 miles) 8,500 feet (1.6 miles) Adequate for trail Adequate for trail Less than Adequate for Adequate for trail Adequate land tr a il width to Several homes very near Several homes very near Many homes/units very Few homes/units very accommodate a property line property line near property line near property line Several homes/units Several homes/units Few homes/units within 5 Many homes/units within trail & buffers within 15 feet of property within 15 feet of property feet of property 15 feet of property Ocean View Marina Central Ave Bridge Rt 26 bridge and future Rt 26 bridge and future (ex ists) sidewalk links sidewalk links Central Ave Bridge Christine Lane Riga Dr iv e Sea Colony Rec Center Trail Access Town Road site Salt Pond (community) undeveloped Church Jefferson Bridge pr oper ty Rt 26 bridge and future Rt 26 bridge and future Jefferson Bridge sidewalk links sidewalk links Ocean View Marina Non e Non e North and south side of Possible Parking Jefferson Bridge Town Road property 1 bridge at Town Road 1 substantial structure to 5 br idges 5 br idges pr oper ty span Loop Canal Footbridges ~ 30 linear ft ~ 120 linear ft ~ 190 linear ft ~ 210 linear ft

Central Ave/Cedar Neck; Central Ave/Cedar Neck Route 26; Rou te 2 6 ; Road Crossings Rou te 2 6 Rou te 2 6 Kent Ave (to S. Bethany) Kent Ave (to S. Bethany) Ocean View Marina water link from Loop Riga Dr iv e Bethany West Canal neighborhoods (neighborhood access) Water Access south side of Jefferson Town Road site Bridge (exists) Non e Non e Present in southern Present in southern Wetlands portion of Segment 3 portion of Segment 4 View at north end of canal Landscaping and buffer Network connection from Unimproved trail at improvements needed Rt 2 6 ; Bahamas Cottages along Christine Lane Features Potential for Trailhead at Potential remov al of Adjacent undeveloped Tow n Roa d bottling facility private parcels Moderate tree cov er Sparce tree cov er Good tree cov er Good tree cov er Wet area north of Marina Proximity to residences in Waterside property feet Limited public access some locations from property line except for vehicular br idges Comments At-grade crossing - Central Steep banks and sloughing Wetlands south of Kent A v e A v e Loop Canal is a constraint

Segment 1- West side of Canal, Between North End and Route 26 Segment 1 contains 6,200 linear feet (nearly 1.2 miles) of Canal land located between the northernmost end and Route 26 - Atlantic Avenue/Garfield Parkway. Over 1 mile in length, this section lies within the Town of Ocean View’s municipal boundary. Segments 1 & 2, both above Route 26, are represented in Map 5.

The northernmost property in Segment 1, known as the Mitchell property and located where White Creek and the Canal join, is a 1-acre parcel owned by the Division of Parks & Recreation. The Mitchell property has the potential to serve as the northern extent of a land- based trail with an observation deck overlooking White Creek and beyond. However, trail considerations are on hold until plans for the property are determined. The site has the potential to be developed with cottages similar to those at the Indian River Marina in Delaware Seashore State Park. Site design and additional planning is needed to determine if the trail extends to this parcel.

The Ocean View Marina site (Map 5) has the potential to support both trail and water trail access. It is envisioned that this site would have a trailhead with a pavilion or picnic shelter serving as a destination and scenic overlook. Trailhead amenities could include an information board, maps, and interpretative panels. A water trail launch at this location will enable paddlers to access the Canal waterway. From here, kayakers and canoeists can launch and explore White Creek and the Inland Bays. Accommodations for limited parking require further analysis.

Steep canal banks under the Central Avenue bridge limit clearance for a trail underpass creating the need for an at-grade pedestrian/bicycle crossing at this location. There is a sidewalk on the Central Avenue bridge adjacent to the southbound travel lane but currently there are no sidewalks approaching the bridge.

Neighborhoods connected by regional sidewalks will promote trail usage. Considerations for a safe pedestrian/bicycle road crossing include standard roadway crossing signs, piano key striping, a reduced speed zone, and potentially a mid-block pedestrian-activated traffic light system. Ocean View’s plan for new sidewalk construction will greatly enhance community walkability while creating links to the Assawoman Canal. Sidewalk construction will be phased over the next 5 years including the Central Ave improvements.

Located on Town Road (Map 5), north of Atlantic Avenue, is a 0.5-acre site owned by the Division. Once known as the Elechko property, the Town Road site could serve as a trailhead with both land and water trail access. This site could include an information board with a regional trail/park map and other information, way finding signs, interpretative panels, and parking for a few vehicles. Other amenities might include a shade pavilion and restrooms. Because of its small size, further detailed design analysis would determine the site’s capacity for these elements. Water access from this site places paddlers at just over the 1 mile point south into Canal and opposite the Loop Canal entrance.

The four (4) potential access points in Segment 1 (Map 5) are approximately 0.25-miles (1/4 mile) apart meeting ideal access standards.

Existing cuts, or narrow drainage ways, in the Canal banks will require the construction of short foot bridges in some locations to maintain trail continuity. In Segment 1, a foot bridge is required at the Town Road site where it intersects the Canal waterway (see Map 5).

Map 5 Segment 1 and 2 of Proposed Trail

Segment 2 - East side of Canal, Between Canal’s Northern End and Route 26 Segment 2 lies on the east side of the Assawoman Canal between the northernmost zone in the Collins Park community and Route 26. This segment is approximately 5,800 linear feet (1.1 miles). Segments 1 & 2, both above Route 26, are represented in Map 5.

Christine Lane parallels the Canal south of Cedar Neck Road for approximately 2,450 feet (nearly 0.5 miles). This gravel lane falls within the State-owned Assawoman Canal property was historically used for truck access to the Mr. Natural water bottling plant. Only one homeowner uses the Christine Lane for residential access; alternatives are being sought to change the homeowner’s access via other means. The bank is slumping in some areas along the road. Converting the road into a trail could occur by narrowing the roadway surface. Plantings could enhance area aesthetics and provide shade. The Salt Pond community could have ready trail access for walking, hiking and biking.

The bottling plant operation is vacating the site and the building is expected to be demolished. This site could be transformed into a scenic overlook and interpretative wayside exhibit node. (See Illustration 9) Further design and analysis is required to determine trail-associated uses for this location.

Approximately 700 linear feet separate the bottling plant and the Loop Canal entrance. The Loop Canal presents a challenge for a bridge with a 100 foot wide opening where it joins the Assawoman Canal. Because the Loop Canal is a navigable waterway and subject to tidal fluctuation, bridge design must meet certain heights and tidal water conditions as regulated by the U.S. Coast Guard. Other considerations make bridge design at this site a significant challenge. In addition to Coast Guard regulations over navigable waterways, Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) regulations must be met to aid in access for persons with disabilities. Bridging the Loop Canal to accommodate a trail that meets federal regulatory standards, also being sensitive to the natural setting and adjacent homeowners, renders significant challenges at this location. Therefore, a trail in this southernmost section of Segment 2 between Route 26 and the Loop Canal would require extensive engineering and design research and not viewed as a high priority at this time.

Segment 3 - West side of Canal Between Route 26 to Jefferson Bridge Segment 3 located on the west side of the Assawoman Canal is approximately 8,900 linear feet long (1.7 miles). It lies between the Route 26 bridge and Assawoman Wildlife Area. Jefferson Bridge is the southern-most bridge and joins Kent Avenue to the east and Muddy Neck Road to the west of the Assawoman Canal. Segments 3 & 4, both below Route 26, are represented on Map 6.

The Route 26 right-of-way owned by DelDOT, is an essential component for trail access. A small wedge of land at Riga Drive and Atlantic Avenue, approximately 0.1 acres, is part of the bridge right-of-way. This location can provide hikers, walkers, and bicyclist with access to a Canal trail via an underpass if possible. An information board with a trail map would be the key trailhead element at this location. The limited size restricts other trailhead amenities. Little opportunity for parking exists, further reinforcing the neighborhood park aesthetic of the Assawoman Canal.

Route 26 is defined by two roads - west of the Route 26 bridge lies Atlantic Avenue and Garfield Parkway lies to the east. The Route 26 Canal bridge has sidewalks on both sides running continuously from this point east to the Atlantic Ocean. West of the bridge, sidewalks are incomplete but are scheduled with upcoming road improvements to continue into Millville. The road shoulders are marked for shared use with bicycles. There is no existing pedestrian crossing at the Route 26 bridge, although crossings are in place at signaled lights at West Avenue (0.5 miles west of canal) and Kent Avenue (1 mile east of the canal).

Clearance below the Route 26 bridge may be sufficient to design and develop a trail underpass enabling continuous, uninterrupted trail use. An underpass eliminates trail user/vehicle traffic conflict on heavily traveled Route 26. Similar underpasses have been constructed for other trail systems in Delaware. Examples of trail underpass treatments like those along the Brandywine River in Brandywine Creek State Park and Boulder, Colorado are shown in the section entitled, “Visioning a Trail”. If an underpass at Route 26 is not possible, an at-grade crossing in close proximity to the bridge is essential.

Opportunities for trail access south of Route 26 were few at the time this Concept Plan was finalized. Riga Drive, located in Ocean Way Estates approximately one-half mile south of Route 26, is adjacent to the state-owned Canal property. Site improvements are necessary to make this a viable trail access. This access point could provide trail access for Ocean Way Estates residents. An information board with a trail map could be the key trailhead element at this point.

Between Ocean Way Estates and Waterside lie two undeveloped parcels. Both parcels are currently in agricultural use. Peninsula United Methodist Homes (PUMH), a property owner, plans to develop a community similar to PUMH’s Manor House in Seaford and Heron Point in Chestertown. Both are retirement-life villages. These and other communities like them are designed for active adults. PUMH and the Division have agreed, in principal, to a connection between the future community and Canal lands.

A second parcel, known as the Canal Landing at West Bethany is immediately south of the PUMH parcel and immediately north of the Waterside community. This development project went through the Preliminary Land Use Service review in 2006 but nothing has been done since this request. Potential access from this proposed community can be incorporated in the project’s design.

There is little or no set back between the residential homes within Waterside and the Canal lands. Maintaining a twenty foot buffer along the Canal edge, close proximity of homes, tidal influences and wetland resources makes trail development through this section of Segment 3 a significant challenge.

Jefferson Bridge, the Canal’s southernmost vehicle bridge, joins Kent Avenue to the east and Muddy Neck Road to the west. The bridge contains wide shoulders but no grade-separated sidewalk. Kent Ave has a narrow marked bike lane. Muddy Neck Road has wider shoulders but no share the road markings.

Extensive wetland resources join the Canal south of Jefferson Bridge limiting any connections. The trail along this lower section could provide a breathtaking view of the Assawoman Wildlife Area. Amenities may include an observation deck and interpretative signage. The trail on the west side of the canal would terminate at this point.

Small cuts or drainage guts landward from the Canal are present. To maintain trail continuity, short foot bridges across these features in Segment 3 will be required. These cuts or drainage ways are not navigable and range from 10 to 30 feet wide. Pedestrian/bicycle foot bridges like the examples in “Visioning a Trail” section would provide trail continuity. The conceptual rendering provides an example of how a typical footbridge would look within the Assawoman Canal landscape.

Map 6 Segment 3 and 4 of Proposed Trail

Segment 4 - East side of Canal, Route 26 to South Bethany Segment 4, located on the east side of the Assawoman Canal, is approximately 8,500 linear feet long (1.6 miles). It lies between the Route 26 Bridge and Black Gum Drive which is 500 feet south of Jefferson Bridge; the southernmost Canal crossing. Jefferson Bridge joins Kent Avenue to the east and Muddy Neck Road to the west. In terms of clearance, Jefferson Bridge is the best candidate of the 3 canal bridges for an underpass. Although traffic currently is the lightest of the 3 canal crossings, an increase in traffic is anticipated as the undeveloped properties west of the Canal are developed. Segments 3 & 4, both below Route 26, are represented on Map 6.

The section of the canal between the Route 26 Bridge and Jefferson Bridge is adjacent to Bethany Beach, Sea Colony and Bahamas Beach Cottages. South of the Jefferson Bridge the canal is adjacent to South Bethany. Currently, there are no public access points between the two bridges. However, there is an informal water access point within the Bethany West community and a land trail community access at both Sea Colony and Bahamas Beach Cottages. These locations are depicted on Map 6.

A community recreation area in Bethany West contains a pool, tennis courts, and open water - a non-impounded storm water drainage system. Kayak and canoe access to the canal from this site occurs today. Due to the configuration of private property, pedestrian/bicycle access from Bethany West does not appear possible. The entire western boundary of Bethany Beach adjacent to the canal is residential properties with no public canal access except for the Route 26 Bridge. Any possible access points at the ends of residential streets would involve private property and will not be considered for public access.

Residents and visitors of Sea Colony could potentially access the canal trail from the Recreation Center which has an outdoor pool and indoor facilities. This has potential for a community-only access to a Canal trail. A second potential access point in Sea Colony is located on Pine Cone Lane where it parallels the Canal. This location comes within 12 feet of the state-owned property. These two sites could provide a connection for hikers, walkers and bicyclists that reside or vacation in Sea Colony.

Just north of Jefferson Bridge lies the Bahamas Beach Cottages community. An existing 1,200 foot (1/4 mile) trail is in place between the Canal and community residences. The trail is used regularly by area residents and vacationers. Access to the trail is gained through the community at several locations and the trail stops abruptly due to a storm water outfall. Portions of the trail will require realignment to comply with the 20 foot buffer setback. Existing wet soils must be considered in this section of Segment 4.

Although wetlands resources exist south of Jefferson Bridge, it appears that a trail is possible from Black Gum Drive connecting residents of South Bethany to the canal. Points south of Black Gum Drive are regulated wetlands. Therefore, the canal’s southern end point on the east side will end with the public access from Black Gum Drive.

The road right-of-way at the Jefferson Bridge, southeast of Kent Avenue, is presently utilized for water access. This informal launch is used by motorized and non-motorized boat owners. Its proximity to Canal, Little Assawoman Bay and Miller Creek (flowing into the Assawoman Wildlife Area) make this an excellent location for waterway access. This informal launch is

37 undeveloped and can accommodate 3 to 4 cars. Illegal trash dumping has occurred at this site. Enhancing this site for water trail access would improve area aesthetics and utility.

Several storm water outfalls and small guts originating from within subdivisions are present. These drainage ways are not navigable and vary from 10 to 30 feet across. To maintain trail continuity, short footbridges through this segment will be required. Appendix F is a photo log of these segments.

Visioning a Trail

The Assawoman Canal Trail Working Group has a vision to create a trail paralleling both the west and east sides of the Canal waterway. The Working Group envisions a canal trail that accommodates walkers, hikers and bikers, meanders between trees and retains as much of the natural landscape as possible. A trail system combined with existing sidewalks and proposed sidewalks would form a network that could enable area residents and visitors to access beaches and parks. Others could use the trail and sidewalk network to conduct daily tasks without relying on cars.

Trailhead Access At a minimum, this plan proposes trailhead access at Ocean View Marina, the Town Road Access site (formerly the Elechko property); Central Avenue bridge; Christine Lane; Riga Drive; and Jefferson Bridge at Kent Avenue. Other access points may be created, however, their use may be restricted to Salt Pond, Bethany West, Sea Colony, and Waterside community residents. Image 15 below shows the existing conditions of a proposed trailhead access point adjacent to the Ocean View Marina.

Ocean View Marina Access Site

Image 15 – This site is located on the west side uplands of the Assawoman Canal holdings. Harbor View Marina adjoins the site to the north. A “social” trail has been created by area residents. To illustrate the width of state-owned Canal lands, a Division employee, under the arrow, stands at the Canal’s western boundary

Illustration 1 - portrays the potential layout and amenities of a future trailhead. This graphic rendering depicts a trailhead with an information board, shaded pavilion and benches at the site adjoining the Harbor View Marina.

Bahamas Beach Cottages Access Site

Illustration 2 – The graphic rendering above represents a potential trailhead located adjacent to Bahamas Beach Cottages. Available space at this trailhead will limit amenities to an information board. An existing parking lot can accommodate a few cars.

The nature and size of proposed access points determines the limitation of on-site parking. Sites that may accommodate small parking lots are located at: Ocean View Marina and Town Road Access site north of Route 26. These sites are located in Segment 1 and will require design and engineering of determine how these spots could accommodate parking.

Town Road Access Site

Image 16 – View of 0.5-acre property on Town Road in Ocean View, owned by the State Division of Parks & Recreation. The site lies west of Route 26 bridge. This site has potential for both land and water trail access.

Illustration 3 – The graphic rendering, above, depicts a conceptual design for a trailhead at the Town Road property. Approximately 0.5 acres, enhancements to this site could include a small parking lot, information board, restroom and shade pavilion. A footbridge over the basin opening will create upland trail link. A launch for car top boats, kayaks/canoes, will enable water trail access.

Image 17 - shows the existing basin at the Town Road property. With improvements, this site will provide an excellent water access to the Canal for recreational paddlers.

Illustration 4 – Town Road property graphically depicting a potential kayak and canoe launch site.

Christina Road Access Site Christina Road once served as the road access to the Mr. Natural bottling plant from Cedar Neck Road. This corridor could be designated as road-to-trail and available for recreational trail users. Improvements that will greatly enhance the use and visual aesthetics along this corridor include decreasing road surface width to be more amenable to recreational trail use and planting native vegetation.

Access for the Salt Pond Community Trail access for the Salt Pond community can occur through an HOA-owned parcel on Oyster Shell Cove. This 0.5-acre parcel, approximately 400 feet north of the water bottling plant, contains wellheads for the Bethany Beach water system. DNREC holds an easement on this parcel for the wellhead and access for maintenance to the wellheads will need to be coordinated with municipal staff. If accommodations for vehicles are necessary along the canal, the trail would have to be designed accordingly. Opportunities for a trail access are limited to Salt Pond residents and visitors. 42

Trail Widths At certain places along the Canal, area residents have created “social” trails. These are paths created by repeated use. While a “social” trail is generally 3 to 4 feet wide, shared-use trails are generally five feet or wider. Shared-use trails accommodate various users simultaneously.

Trail width will be influenced by the nature of each segment, the required 20-foot vegetative buffer and the proximity to adjacent residences. Creating a trail that provides the user with a good recreational experience that maintains the vegetative cover and privacy to adjacent property owners will be a challenge at certain locations along the Canal. While it is desirable to have a continuous trail width, site limitations may cause the trail width to vary in places.

Image 18 - shows the existing Canal lands. In this location, a “social” trail was created by local recreational users. Social trails from adjacent neighborhoods are located at many places along the Canal.

Illustration 5, portrays the shared- use recreational trail and water trail. Trail width in this illustration comfortably accommodates different trail users. Existing vegetation remains within the trail corridor. The trail tread surface could be asphalt or crusher fines which are small particles of crushed rock.

From a safety stand point, a wider trail will improve sight line distances and offer more space for passing trail users. However, wider trails can increase recreational user speeds. From the environmental stand point, a wider trail will increase the amount of vegetation disturbance and reduce tree canopy cover. The lack of tree cover can negatively impact the aquatic life in the canal. From the trail user stand point, a wider trail will lessen the meandering trail 43 characteristic and reduce the amount of shade and vegetation. The existing 14-foot wide Christina Road south of Cedar Neck Road is an example of a corridor with no meanders, little shade and an open tree canopy.

Image 19 – Christine Lane looking south from Cedar Neck Road. Planting native tree species will increase shade cover and narrow the trail corridor.

Trail widths can range from as little as 3 feet to as wide as 10 feet and higher. To understand more about trail surfaces, widths, surrounding environment, management and trail proximity residences, the Assawoman Canal Working Group visited the Junction & Breakwater Trail located between Lewes and Rehoboth. Built partially within the former Penn Central Rail Line corridor the Junction & Breakwater Trail ranges from 6 to 12 feet wide.

Wider trails are generally located in places where year round population levels are significant. Illustrations 6 to 8, below, show six, eight and ten foot wide trail cross sections and how the various widths can comfortably accommodate recreational trail users.

Illustration 6 - depicts a 6 foot wide trail tread. At this width, trail users can comfortably walk side-by- side. Different types of trail users can pass each moving at a slow pace.

Illustration 7 - depicts an 8 foot wide trail tread. At this width, trail users can comfortably walk or bike ride side-by-side. When approaching others, it is good trail etiquette to walk or bike in a single file. Taking up the full trail width can diminish the trail user experience.

Trail Surface To maintain an accessible route, trail surfaces must be firm and stable. The type of surface should be appropriate to the setting and level of development. Some natural soils can be compacted so they are firm and stable. A surface is considered firm and stable if, 1) a person can ride a narrow-tire bicycle without creating ruts; and 2) narrow plastic wheel stroller with a child can be easily pushed without creating ruts. Firm and stable surfaces allow assistive devices to operate without sinking impairing movement for a person using crutches, a cane, or a wheelchair. A firm and stable surface is also highly desirable to create optimal conditions for recreational trail use.

Earth is a natural surface that under certain conditions is an excellent trail surface. Earthen surfaces are easy on legs and preferred by runners and many trail users. Earthen surfaces may not always meet ADA requirements.

Crusher fines, asphalt and concrete are three types of applied surfacing that meet the “firm and stable” ADA requirements. Crusher fines are small particles of crushed rock. The fines range in particle size from fine dust up to a specified 3/8" maximum and are an excellent surface for high use trails. It provides an excellent tread for bikers, hikers, walkers, joggers and can support strollers. Examples of this surface application are found at the Junction & Breakwater Trail, Cape Henlopen, Killens Pond, Trap Pond and White Clay Creek State Parks. Trails in these locations, while they vary in installation age, remain stable and accessible in all weather conditions. A geo-textile fabric layer below the crusher fines can prevent the fines from mixing and settling with the soft soils and help control vegetation on the trail. A crusher fines surface provides a natural looking trail that is durable. The natural fine gravel-like surface feels more like a trail than a hard surfaced path and would fit well in the Canal’s natural setting.

Image 20 - this section of the Junction & Breakwater Trail, located adjacent to Holland Glade Road north of Rehoboth Beach, is constructed of stone with a crushed fines surface.

Illustration 9 - depicts a graphic rendering of crusher fines surfaced trail along the canal.

Concrete has the best longevity of all the surface types, has a cleaner surface after rain, is least likely to wash or break apart, is ADA compliant and does not require gravel base rock. However, concrete is more expensive to install, harder on human joints, is an impervious surface and less natural looking than crusher fines. Concrete trail surfaces do not fit the Canal’s aesthetic character envisioned by the Working Group. Results from public input (fall 2009 Trail Concept Open Houses held in each community) also indicated that concrete was not a preferred trail surface.

Asphalt is a good surface that initially is smooth, and if constructed properly contains no cracks, is ADA compliant, and slightly less costly than concrete to install. However, the asphalt edges may crack with vegetation growth. Also, as asphalt dries, its edges crumble. Asphalt has very little structural strength to span moving soil underneath. It requires greater initial excavation for a rock base that can harm trees and it is an impervious surface. Asphalt

46 also requires a top coat within three years of installation. The public’s comments from the fall 2009 workshop generally supported asphalt as a preferred surface.

In selecting the trail surface, attention should be given to drainage and soil types to ensure all water is conveyed away from the trail. The Canal area is generally flat with no cross slopes and no sheet flow. Water draining into the canal does so by existing guts and pipes. Therefore, the trail surface should be slightly raised above ground level to assure that water drains off the trail surface.

Pedestrian/Bike Bridges To create a continuous trail, short bridges will be necessary intermittently along the Canal to cross guts and outfalls joining the canal waterway. Table 1, Segment Assessments, outlines the number of short bridges required to achieve a continuous trail. Bridges like the one in Images 21 & 22, below, are integral to several State Park Trail systems and trails networks in New Castle County.

Image 21 - This short wood-framed bridge is typical example applied to narrow trail links. The bridge deck surface is a composite material with good skid resistant qualities and allows light to pass through.

Image 22 - Fiberglass structural bridges fit well in natural surroundings and offer environmentally friendly crossings. Fiberglass bridges like the one left, are durable, light weight, easy to install, cost effective, and require little maintenance. Fiberglass bridges are installed in State, county and local parks.

Image 23 – The example left is a footbridge with constructed of painted steel components.

Illustration 10 – Above is a graphic rendering of a short foot bridge crossing that would provide trail continuity over narrow guts located at several places along the Canal banks.

Road Crossings & Underpasses The most important safety consideration for a continuous recreational trail is the movement of trail users at road crossings. At a minimum, crossings will be necessary at Central Avenue/Cedar Neck Road, Route 26 and Kent Avenue/Muddy Branch Road to maintain trail continuity. None of these locations have traffic signals. The artist renderings (see Illustrations 11 and 12) have pedestrian warning signs as well as vehicle and pedestrian pavement markings to define a proposed at-grade crossing of Route 26. Because all 3 bridges do not have traffic signals, any at-grade crossing at these locations are considered a mid-block crossing and will require evaluation by the Department of Transportation to determine if a crossing will be permitted.

Illustrations 11 – In this artist rendering, roadway markings and a “Yield to Pedestrian” sign have been added to a photo to illustrate a pedestrian crossing. This site is located on the east side of the Route 26 bridge.

Illustration 12 - In this artist rendering, a yellow bicycle/pedestrian crosswalk, bike riders, and a pedestrian crossing sign were added to a photo to depict a crossing site. The orange arrow points to a connecting trail added by the artist.

To improve pedestrian and bicycle safety at roadway crossings, High-intensity Activated crossWalK, or HAWK devices, are in use around the nation. A HAWK signal remains dark until a recreational trail user approaches. At the press of a button, the overhead signals flash yellow, followed by a solid yellow and a solid red, stopping traffic so the pedestrian or bike rider can cross. After the trail user safely passes, the signal goes dark again and traffic flows freely. A HAWK signal in Images 24 & 25 below, located on Route 72 in Newark, is the first installation of this type in Delaware.

Images 24 & 25 below – A HAWK pedestrian signal located on Route 72 in Newark, is the first installation of this type in Delaware. When activated by a pedestrian or bike rider, the red lights come on to stop vehicles. A countdown clock tells the pedestrian the time remaining to complete a crossing. Red stop lights turn off when the timed crossing signal cycle is complete.

Images 26 - Cross Alert® warning devices notify drivers that bicyclists or pedestrians are crossing ahead and in the travel land. Though not currently installed in Delaware, a device such as the Cross Alert® is a pedestrian activated system. It signals to drivers that a walker or bike rider is waiting to cross a roadway.

Image 27 - Cross Alert® warning device shown at a bike and pedestrian trail crossing.

Image 28 – Trail underpasses allow continuous trail use by circumventing at-grade road crossings. Underpasses may be created with box culverts or other structures. This trail underpass was incorporated into bridge support structure. This example, left, is located below the Route 92 bridge, crossing the Brandywine Creek in Brandywine Creek State Park.

Route 26 is heavily used for accessing area communities, businesses and beaches. The Route 26 bridge has great trail access potential due to its central location and sidewalks adjoining the bridge. Getting bicycle and pedestrians safely across Route 26 is an important factor in determining access. Ideally, this specific location would include both a link to Route 26 and an underpass. An underpass would permit uninterrupted trail use.

Image 29 left – This view looks north in the direction of the Route 26 bridge.

Illustration 13 - This artist rendering depicts a trail user approaching Route 26. Here a hiker can walk up to Atlantic Avenue or continue north on the trail passing under the Route 26 bridge.

Image 30 - This image is a view looking south under the Route 26 bridge.

Illustration 14 – Image 30, above, was altered to depicts underpass at Route 26. Additional information is required to assess the feasibility for this underpass; overhead clearance and tidal fluctuation are considerations at this location.

Images 31 & 32 – Left, and below, are pedestrian underpasses along the Boulder Creek Path in Boulder, Colorado. These underpasses allow uninterrupted trail use avoiding street traffic and safe passage.

The Boulder Creek Path links neighborhoods, a library, shopping district, hotels and schools. It is very popular with bicyclists, walkers, and joggers. Visually interesting spots are sites for benches and native vegetation. An occasional kayaker paddles the creek.

Water Access Creating an official water trail within the Canal waterway will enhance kayaking and canoeing opportunities. Furthermore, a Canal water trail could become part of a regional water trail network connecting points within the Inlands Bays region and watershed. Canal dredging was completed in 2010 when the canal channel was deepened to permit uninterrupted navigation by water craft.

Presently, unofficial water access occurs at Ocean View Marina and Kent Avenue. Canoes, kayaks, and other small water craft can be launched from these locations. The Town Road is strategically located near the mid-point of the Canal waterway and could serve as water and trail access point as well as a parking facility. All three sites will require enhancements to increase flow and site utility.

Just below the south entrance to the Canal, water access is available at the Assawoman Wildlife Area at Strawberry & Sassafras Landings on Miller Creek and at Mulberry Landing on Dirickson Creek. Fenwick Island State Park provides bay access at Tower Bay and at the Coastal Kayak Rental concession.

Images 33 & 34 – left and below, are photos of an undeveloped boat launch located south of Kent Avenue at the Jefferson Bridge. This site is an ideal location to access the Canal’s southern end. It lies across the Canal from the Assawoman Wildlife Area.

Conclusion This Concept Plan is a step toward improving the recreational potential of the Assawoman Canal land for bicycle and pedestrian activities and enhancing access to the Canal for a water trail. The vision and goal of the Working Group is to realize the extraordinary recreation potential encompassed within Assawoman Canal lands as part of an integrated network in southeast Sussex County. The focus of the study was to foster a conceptual plan for trail development while integrating the residential neighborhoods and communities that adjoin Canal lands, and retaining the current landscape and “feel” of the Canal’s upland area.

There are significant opportunities along the Canal for planning the development and construction of future trail segments. Despite some of the complexities of trail development, and the Canal lands in particular, the Assawoman Canal Concept Plan recommends entering into design and engineering stage for shared-use trail development. Furthermore, design and engineering may be completed in incrementally by the municipalities and communities in partnership with the Division of Parks & Recreation. The Working Group will guide future steps in developing the trail bringing new recreational opportunities to the region.

The Concept Plan recognizes the existing resources and supports the needs of the current residents while understanding future trends in population growth. This study began an valuable dialogue with the communities adjoining the Canal through the Working Group. This partnership guided the vision, developed the Concept Plan, and became a conduit for public input and outreach. Activities conducted by the Working Groups guided an exchange that led to greater public respect and understanding of the Canal, better awareness of area recreational needs and demand, and requirements and potential issues among future trail users.

The recommendations and visions of this Concept Plan reflect the attitude of realistic optimism by the Working Group and the public for high quality recreation experiences. Trail development will make significant contributions to the community and neighborhood livability, expand recreational opportunities, provide places to enhance physical fitness, and provide regional network linkages (alternative transportation) to communities, businesses and the coast.

Appendix

A. Working Group Meetings & Timeline

B. Bird Species in Block 199 & 200

C. Public Workshop Comment Form

D. Public Workshop Responses

E. Native Plant List

F. Photo Log

Working Group Timeline

January 2009: the Working Group and Division Staff met to develop a preliminary vision for the trail. The Working Group has expanded to include representatives from the neighboring communities.

April 2009: the Working Group took a bike ride on the Junction and Breakwater Trail in Delaware (between Lewes and Rehoboth) to experience a crushed stone surface, varying trail widths and areas in close proximity to homes. The trip also provided evidence that a remote trail does not equate to loitering, vandalism and illegal dumping.

May 2009: Working Group members presented the concept at a Salt Pond Home Owners Association meeting. As a result, several residents joined the Working Group.

April through August 2009: the Working Group met several times to create renderings of the proposed trail for the public to visualize trail surfacing, widths, buffers, access and road crossings.

September and October 2009: four public workshops were held at the three Town Halls and Sea Colony to determine public interest in a trail along the canal. Each community advertised the workshops and 204 people (not including the Working Group) attended the workshops. The open house format, the participation of Working Group members and the trail renderings provided an engaging and productive setting to discuss the public’s interest and concerns. The 161 completed comment forms reassured the Working Group that the trail is overwhelmingly desired and will be utilized if built. It also reinforced the sensitivity that adjacent property owners have for safety, vandalism and security. These concerns will be very important considerations in the concept plan.

October 2009: the Working Group experienced the canal from the water and took a boat ride up the canal to better understand the opportunities and constraints, environmental conditions and proximity to homes.

April 2010: the Working Group discussed the opportunities for community connections to the canal trail and the physical constraints for each segment of the canal.

March 2011: the Working Group reviewed a draft of the Concept Plan.

BBA Explorer .: Delaware 2008-2012 - - Hosted by USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res. Ctr.

Delaware 2008-2012 HOME

Results by Block

Draft Results Summary for 199/ Bethany Beach - CW (Region 5) All results DRAFT until final review / publication. select another block BBA HOME SUMMARY: DE2008 BBA 79 total species: 33 CO, 28 PR, 18 PO, (plus 21 OB)

Home 78 species in DE1983

Methods Results last updated: 06 Jul 2011 view missing species Block Maps Species List Special Area List Species Best Evidence Other details DE1983 Species Info Canada Goose CO AY CO Results American Black Duck CO

-by Species Mallard CO FL CO

-by Block Wild Turkey CO AY

-by Region Northern Bobwhite PR S PR Double-crested Cormorant OB O -by Special Area Great Blue Heron OB O All Species Summary Great Egret OB O Snowy Egret OB O Green Heron OB O PR Black-crowned Night-Heron OB E Glossy Ibis OB E Black Vulture OB O Turkey Vulture PR N Osprey CO NY CO Bald Eagle OB O Northern Harrier OB E Cooper's Hawk PO X Red-shouldered Hawk OB O Red-tailed Hawk PO X PR Clapper Rail PR S PO Killdeer CO AY CO American Oystercatcher PR P Willet PR N PR Spotted Sandpiper OB E American Woodcock CO Laughing Gull PO X Herring Gull PO X Great Black-backed Gull PO X

http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bba/index.cfm?fa=explore.ResultsByBlock[7/6/2011 2:38:30 PM] BBA Explorer .: Delaware 2008-2012 - - Hosted by USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res. Ctr.

Forster's Tern PO X Black Skimmer PO X Rock Pigeon PO X PR Mourning Dove PR S CO Black-billed Cuckoo PR S Yellow-billed Cuckoo PR S PR Eastern Screech-Owl PR Great Horned Owl PR P PR Common Nighthawk PR Chuck-will's-widow PR Whip-poor-will PR Chimney Swift OB O PR Ruby-throated Hummingbird PR C PO Belted Kingfisher PO X PR Red-headed Woodpecker PO X Red-bellied Woodpecker PR S PO Downy Woodpecker CO NY CO Hairy Woodpecker PR P Northern Flicker (unid. Red/Yellow Shafted) PR N Pileated Woodpecker PO X Eastern Wood-Pewee PO X PR Acadian Flycatcher PO X Eastern Phoebe PR P PR Great Crested Flycatcher CO AY PR Eastern Kingbird CO AY CO White-eyed Vireo PR A PR Red-eyed Vireo PR S PR Blue Jay PR T CO American Crow PR T PO Fish Crow CO AY CO Horned Lark PO Purple Martin CO ON CO Tree Swallow CO ON Northern Rough-winged Swallow CO Barn Swallow CO AY CO Carolina Chickadee CO AY CO Tufted Titmouse CO AY PR Brown-headed Nuthatch CO NY CO Carolina Wren CO AY CO House Wren PR T CO Marsh Wren PO X PO Blue-gray Gnatcatcher PR A Eastern Bluebird CO AY PR Wood Thrush PO

http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bba/index.cfm?fa=explore.ResultsByBlock[7/6/2011 2:38:30 PM] BBA Explorer .: Delaware 2008-2012 - - Hosted by USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res. Ctr.

American Robin CO AY CO Gray Catbird PR S CO Northern Mockingbird CO AY CO Brown Thrasher CO AY PR European Starling CO AY CO Cedar Waxwing PR P CO Northern Parula PO X Yellow Warbler PO X Pine Warbler PR T CO Prairie Warbler OB E Black-and-white Warbler OB O PO American Redstart OB E Ovenbird PO X PR Louisiana Waterthrush PO Kentucky Warbler OB O PO Common Yellowthroat PR S PR Hooded Warbler OB O Yellow-breasted Chat PR A PR Summer Tanager OB E PO Scarlet Tanager OB E PO Eastern Towhee CO AY PR Chipping Sparrow CO AY PR Field Sparrow CO AY PR Grasshopper Sparrow PR Song Sparrow PR S CO Northern Cardinal CO AY CO Blue Grosbeak CO AY PR Indigo Bunting CO AY PR Red-winged Blackbird CO AY CO Eastern Meadowlark PO X CO Boat-tailed Grackle PR P CO Common Grackle CO AY CO Brown-headed Cowbird CO FL PO Orchard Oriole CO ON CO Baltimore Oriole OB E House Finch CO AY CO American Goldfinch PR C PR House Sparrow CO ON CO

(select a Quad first)

Arrangement of blocks:

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Help & Hints for atlases in progress • Only reviewed data are shown in public results. • This page may show no results (0 species) for the current atlas, but have lots of results from a previous atlas. • For atlas participants, the Block Sightings Detail Report may be more useful and includes all species, even those not finalized or reviewed.

Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and National Biological Information Infrastructure provide the BBA (Breeding Bird Atlas) Explorer in cooperation with the atlas project sponsors.

U.S. Department of the Interior || U.S. Geological Survey || Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Laurel, MD, USA 20708-4038 This site is: http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bba Information contained in this application does not necessarily have the endorsement of USGS. Contact: [email protected] Last updated: Site - December 2008; Content - various, depending on atlas. Page generated on: 06-Jul-2011

http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bba/index.cfm?fa=explore.ResultsByBlock[7/6/2011 2:38:30 PM] BBA Explorer .: Delaware 2008-2012 - - Hosted by USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res. Ctr.

Delaware 2008-2012 HOME

Results by Block

Draft Results Summary for 210/ Bethany Beach - SW (Region 5) All results DRAFT until final review / publication. select another block BBA HOME SUMMARY: DE2008 BBA 68 total species: 33 CO, 16 PR, 19 PO, (plus 19 OB)

Home 85 species in DE1983

Methods Results last updated: 06 Jul 2011 view missing species Block Maps Species List Special Area List Species Best Evidence Other details DE1983 Species Info Canada Goose CO FL CO Results Wood Duck PR

-by Species American Black Duck PR

-by Block Mallard CO FL CO

-by Region Blue-winged Teal CO Wild Turkey PR T -by Special Area Northern Bobwhite PR S PR All Species Summary Pied-billed Grebe PO Great Blue Heron OB O Great Egret OB O Snowy Egret OB O Green Heron OB O CO Glossy Ibis OB O Black Vulture OB O Turkey Vulture CO NY PR Osprey CO AY CO Bald Eagle CO NY Northern Harrier OB E Cooper's Hawk PO X PO Red-shouldered Hawk PO X Red-tailed Hawk OB E PR American Kestrel OB E Clapper Rail PO X Killdeer PO X PO Willet PR A PR American Woodcock CO Laughing Gull PO X Forster's Tern PO X Rock Pigeon PR

http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bba/index.cfm?fa=explore.ResultsByBlock[7/6/2011 2:39:09 PM] BBA Explorer .: Delaware 2008-2012 - - Hosted by USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res. Ctr.

Mourning Dove CO ON PR Yellow-billed Cuckoo PR Eastern Screech-Owl PO Great Horned Owl CO FL PR Common Nighthawk OB E Chuck-will's-widow PR S PR Whip-poor-will OB O PO Chimney Swift PR P PR Ruby-throated Hummingbird CO NB PR Belted Kingfisher OB E PR Red-headed Woodpecker CO ON Red-bellied Woodpecker PR S PR Downy Woodpecker PR S CO Hairy Woodpecker PO X PR Northern Flicker (unid. Red/Yellow Shafted) PR T Pileated Woodpecker PO X PO Eastern Wood-Pewee PO X PO Acadian Flycatcher CO Eastern Phoebe PO X PR Great Crested Flycatcher PR S CO Eastern Kingbird CO ON CO White-eyed Vireo PO X PR Yellow-throated Vireo PO Red-eyed Vireo OB E PR Blue Jay PO X PO American Crow PO X PO Fish Crow CO NB CO Purple Martin CO ON CO Tree Swallow CO NB Northern Rough-winged Swallow CO Barn Swallow CO ON CO Carolina Chickadee CO AY CO Tufted Titmouse CO FL CO Red-breasted Nuthatch OB O Brown-headed Nuthatch CO ON PO Carolina Wren CO AY CO House Wren CO NE CO Blue-gray Gnatcatcher PO X Eastern Bluebird CO ON PR Wood Thrush PO X PR American Robin CO NY CO Gray Catbird CO AY PR Northern Mockingbird PR S PR Brown Thrasher CO CN CO

http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bba/index.cfm?fa=explore.ResultsByBlock[7/6/2011 2:39:09 PM] BBA Explorer .: Delaware 2008-2012 - - Hosted by USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res. Ctr.

European Starling CO ON CO Cedar Waxwing PR P PO Blue-winged Warbler PO Yellow-throated Warbler PO Pine Warbler CO AY CO Black-and-white Warbler OB E PR American Redstart OB E Ovenbird CO Louisiana Waterthrush PO Kentucky Warbler PR Common Yellowthroat PR S PR Yellow-breasted Chat PR Scarlet Tanager OB E PR Eastern Towhee CO AY PR Chipping Sparrow CO AY PR Field Sparrow PO X CO Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow PR Seaside Sparrow PO X PR Song Sparrow CO FL PR Swamp Sparrow PO X Northern Cardinal CO NY CO Blue Grosbeak PR C CO Indigo Bunting PR S PR Dickcissel OB E Red-winged Blackbird CO ON PR Eastern Meadowlark PO Boat-tailed Grackle PR S CO Common Grackle CO AY CO Brown-headed Cowbird CO FL CO Orchard Oriole PO House Finch CO FL CO Pine Siskin OB E American Goldfinch PR P PR House Sparrow PO X PR

(select a Quad first)

Arrangement of blocks:

OR block code:

'Quad' is used here for topographic quads or other larger units containing survey blocks.

http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bba/index.cfm?fa=explore.ResultsByBlock[7/6/2011 2:39:09 PM] BBA Explorer .: Delaware 2008-2012 - - Hosted by USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res. Ctr.

Back to Delaware 2008-2012 | Results Menu Related topics: Results for Region 5 Region

http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bba/index.cfm?fa=explore.ResultsByBlock[7/6/2011 2:39:09 PM] BBA Explorer .: Delaware 2008-2012 - - Hosted by USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res. Ctr.

Delaware 2008-2012 HOME

Results by Block

Home 78 species in DE1983

-by Species Mallard CO FL CO

-by Block Wild Turkey CO AY

http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bba/index.cfm?fa=explore.ResultsByBlock[7/6/2011 2:38:30 PM] BBA Explorer .: Delaware 2008-2012 - - Hosted by USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res. Ctr.

(select a Quad first)

Arrangement of blocks:

http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bba/index.cfm?fa=explore.ResultsByBlock[7/6/2011 2:38:30 PM] BBA Explorer .: Delaware 2008-2012 - - Hosted by USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res. Ctr.

OR block code:

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http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bba/index.cfm?fa=explore.ResultsByBlock[7/6/2011 2:38:30 PM] BBA Explorer .: Delaware 2008-2012 - - Hosted by USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res. Ctr.

Delaware 2008-2012 HOME

Results by Block

Home 85 species in DE1983

-by Species American Black Duck PR

-by Block Mallard CO FL CO

http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bba/index.cfm?fa=explore.ResultsByBlock[7/6/2011 2:39:09 PM] BBA Explorer .: Delaware 2008-2012 - - Hosted by USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res. Ctr.

(select a Quad first)

Arrangement of blocks:

OR block code:

'Quad' is used here for topographic quads or other larger units containing survey blocks.

http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bba/index.cfm?fa=explore.ResultsByBlock[7/6/2011 2:39:09 PM] BBA Explorer .: Delaware 2008-2012 - - Hosted by USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res. Ctr.

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http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bba/index.cfm?fa=explore.ResultsByBlock[7/6/2011 2:39:09 PM] Informational Meetings Assawoman Canal Potential Pathway

A series of informational meetings are being held to determine public interest for a potential pathway along the Assawoman Canal. Your opinion, input, and feedback will shape the next steps in the vision for a potential pathway.

Please take a few minutes to complete this comment sheet. Keep in mind as you provide input to the following questions that a pathway is in a discussion and visionary phase.

Potential Usage and Access If there was a network of pathways and sidewalks in your community, where should they be placed? ______

Would you use a pathway if it were built? (check one) Very likely _____ Somewhat likely _____ Not likely _____

How often are you likely to use a pathway if this project were to move forward? (check one) Daily ____ Once per week ____ Once per month ____ Few times a year ____ Never____

If you were to use a pathway, what would be your primary use for it? (check all that apply) Jogging/Running ____ Bicycle ____ Hike/Walk ____ Roller blade ____ Canoe/Kayak ____ Observe Nature ____

Where might you access a pathway along the Assawoman Canal? ______

Potential Design & Safety Considerations If a pathway were built, what type of surfacing would you prefer? (check one)

Paved pathway ____ Earthen trail ____ Crushed stone ____ Mulch ____ No preference ____

If a pathway were built, what trail-width would you prefer? (check one) 6ft ____ 8 ft ____ 10 ft ____ 12 ft ____ 14 ft ____ No preference ____ Don’t know ____

What are the most important amenities to have in a trail system? (check all that apply) Education/Historical signs _____ Trail markers _____ Maps ____ Restrooms ____ Benches ____ Parking area ____ Information kiosk ____ Viewing areas/Overlooks _____ Other: ______

If a pathway were built, what type of buffer would you prefer between a pathway and adjacent properties? ______

If a pathway were built, would you be willing to participate in a volunteer group to “adopt” the pathway? By adopting, you become an ambassador/trail watcher coordinating with local communities and State Parks to oversee the pathway. Yes ______No ______

What community do you live in? ______

Comments:

Please return the completed comment form by October 16th to one of the following:

Ocean View Admin. Building Bethany Beach Town Hall South Bethany Town Hall 201 Central Avenue P.O. Box 109 402 Evergreen Road

Consolidated Comments from all workshops (no order)

Lots of Questions to be answered: 1 who is responsible for trash removal, security, closing at sunset, safety - ambulance access, more canal erosion on the banks. Money should be used to maintain the canal for boating - which is unsafe now due to erosion & trees that will fall.

With the current fiscal situation in the state (Budget cuts, salary cuts, layoffs) why are we looking for new ways to spend money? This is a stupid conversation to be having at this time!

The more people you have walking along the canal, the more accidents you will have. The trees are in terrible shape and should be removed. They were supposed to remove trees along the canal 7 years ago when they marked all the trees with florescent paint. Nothing was done as usual. You need to take this grant money and correct the roads across from Rt 26 and west so turning traffic can move like it should.

Dumb to spend money that the state needs for more important things.

Does the state have money for this? I'm concerned people will be parking on our property to get access. I do see you have a parking area. Is there something more important the state should spend it's money one?

1) I have a safety concern of biker/walkers on same path. My past experience is that people walk abreast of each other and bikers travel at a brisk, if not fast, and safety concern develops. 2) Animal Controls MUST be established for property owners and walkers.

DO NOT HESITATE! START NOW! this has been long awaited & will be used everyday all year long (weather permitting) and will be a great asset to all communities.

Where is the state getting the funds to do this?

The path proposal is a great undertaking. Whatever the final design/location will be, it will enhance quality of life in the adjacent communities. Also: as the real estate market recovers, the path will increase property values. Buyers in coastal communities are interested in recreation and nature trails/parks. Thank you for bringing wonderful ideas into reality!

Great concept. Need to work out privacy concerns of property owners abutting canal. It would give a great boost to property values in houses & developments along the canal. As it stands the canal represents a mostly useless asset. Would help Ocean View where few sidewalks are available for walking/bike riding

Possibly narrow trail width in areas where homes are adjacent to discourage "loitering".

We live in a 4 story town home in Canal woods. Because we are so close to the canal (about 50') we would object to having a pathway built so close to our property. Any buffer placed between our home and the canal would obstruct our view. We are also concerned with potential of increased crime with allowing people access to our rear door so easily. There is plenty of room along Kent Ave to allow bikes, pedestrian to safely travel without allowing them access to the rear of the Canal Woods homes. If a pathway has to be built, there is much more room on the N/E side of the canal bordering Sea Colony.

I am opposed to this pathway as trees will have to be removed and the canal itself would be disrupted along the embankments which are already in a fragile state.

Please do not proceed with a pathway along the Assawoman canal! There are many other state park areas where pathways could be built without impacting adjacent property owners. The state tract along the canal is quite narrow and will have an impact on an inordinately large number of property owners per area of state land. In future meetings please provide a list of other state park areas that could host a pathway we should be given alternate sites to consider.

Going the wrong way about the proposed plan.

Not interested in putting a trail behind people's homes. Find another location. What about security, policing, vandalism, maintenance, invasion of privacy?

Full-time resident with property adjacent to canal. Most pressing concern is safety/security. She's been blind for 8 years and only knows this community. She chose carefully where to live based on the privacy she needs. She enjoys the peacefulness and wildlife of her backyard and that will go away with inviting people to her backyard. 19 neighbors are also adjacent to the canal and about 90% of homes are unoccupied 9 months out of the year. People will use their properties to access the pathway because no public access exists. Her property value will decrease and crime will increase. She will be scared to be in her backyard not knowing who is watching her. A pathway will make it alluring to rental companies to increase rates (an attraction for tourists) but will not benefit residents.

I think this is a great idea! I strongly support this plan. Please complete it quickly

The concept of a pathway in commendable. Many issues need to be addressed: - funding - safety - Trespassing, privacy of residents - maintenance to name just a few- also environmental considerations - it is a nature preserve. For the record, Waterside Community does not support a pathway.

Good idea & I am very much in favor of it. Love the idea of a safe biking trail that I would use more than twice a week if it was "bike" friendly. Bicycle much better alternative than area roadways with no shoulders/or small shoulders. Open to alternatives good for biking. If you're going to build it, make it good for all types of groups. Do it right the 1st time.

I am excited about the concept but share the concern of property owners adjacent to proposed path where trail users cut across private property to access trail/canal. It would be a welcome addition to park/trail system and benefit the community for years ahead. Hopefully the community will not be short sighted w/ parochial concerns, voice their concerns & help find solutions that will allow project to move forward. Would like surfacing type to be as eco-friendly as practical for usage. Make pathway wide enough to allow for easy passing of Jogger, walkers, biker, and dog walkers. I think it is a great idea. The community should be able to walk along a cleared path. I would be happy to help. Keep it simple. Clear a path is number one. Start with a simple path.

Trail with needs to be comfortable width for shared use. Surface possible for hybrid bike.

I lived here my whole life and have boated the canal. It's beautiful we need to open it on land & sea for all to benefit.

Have property on canal in Bethany West Very concerned about: 1) access, illegally, through property 2) policing & security, maintenance, enforcement 3) demolition of trees 4) noise- use of dirt bikes, motorcycles 5) cost - bridges would be required over Bethany Loop canal, Bethany West pond, storm/sewer drainage ditches. Width - Depends, oppose cutting down trees. In areas south of Rt 26 are magnificent hardwood trees. Oppose cutting trees for pathway

Thanks for having this preliminary meeting - with its revealing info. I'm a rails to trails guy & Scout leader. This prospective trail would be a real plus in this area of outdoor recreation. Please don't let adjacent home owners negatively impact the progress of the project.

Fantastic idea - the canal is underutilized - jogging, biking paths are greatly needed & will enhance all communities involved.

Suggest your coordinators contact the communities of Bloomington/Normal, IL. While their pathway is not next to a canal it is a substantial pathway.

1) The Assawoman canal corridor is a potential gem to the overall community on many levels. It would connect communities such as Salt Pond w/ Turtle Walk, Sea Colony & adjacent neighborhoods. 2) Eventually a strong connection from Fresh pond to Assawoman Wildlife preserve will build community relationships like no other infra structure. 3) "It's not just the beach anymore" we need these walkable/bikable & boatable connections. Look at Central Ave: you would never stroll or walk w/your children down that corridor. There are few opportunities to make livable improvements to our area and this is a major opportunity to advance ourselves.

SEE SHEET FOR MORE - I have multiple concerns regarding the proposed path, including 1. Security (30 feet from back door) 2. Access (convenient yard for trail entrance/exit) 3 - Wildlife preservation (deer, fox, ducks, wading birds) will impose a major risk and disruption for those whose homes border the canal while providing an amenity that is used by relatively few.

Use money to pay down town mortgage.

Prefer canal remain (stay) as is with dredging allowed so better use can be make of the water way. We can cycle, blade, walk, run etc. by existing methods.

SEE SHEET FOR MORE - Concerns: Environmental impact; dog droppings; canal stabilization; promote as shortcut to the beach. Lots of other state/county/local lands to consider instead. Absolutely against a parallel trail and developing as a "bike-trail" too disruptive to the environment. Very against paved pathway-cause too much run off - < 3ft trail others are "roads" not trails.

We live along the canal and we have serious concerns about security in the back of our home especially during the off season when there are less people around. We are full time residents. Also it would require the trees that buffer the noise from Rt 26 to be cut down. Our computing has several projects that need more attention than a trail ie. flooding on Penn Ave & street scope.

Serious thought must be given of ways to prevent ATV use of the pathway. We are aware of this problem in another area.

Concerns include: security, wildlife, women's safety, criminal activity.

We now have a nice but very narrow forest. It does not seem right to pave any part of this irreplaceable wooded area. Despite the size it is home to considerable wildlife. As examples we have seen deer, foxes and turtles. As a trail, it would seem to have little value as a throughway for walkers or bicyclists. Neither end is a destination. If it is made comfortable for bicyclist, it will attract motorcycles. A footpath may be considered. This is natural, appropriate and should remain. In PA I live near a sizable Nature Preserve. I am not proud of the litter and careless use I see.

If the state wants to build this trail on their land, they have "adopted" it. Who will monitor the jet skies, & motor boats that are extremely annoying to walkers & those canoeing & Kayaking? I understand there will be no lights or patrols - this is trouble! Primary Use - Crabbing

Since the canal has been deepen, people appear to be courteous (I'm a kayaker). The next step, a path, is a good one for non-boaters. It will also keep people off main roads (like Fred Hudson) and thus be safer. Also, a way to cut across from one side of 26 to the other more easily.

Having lived in Denver, CO for 27 years I experienced a fabulous array of bike/walking/horseback riding trails along canals and other waterways. These were wonderful amenities, and there was never any problem with those who lived along the trails. People used them for the peace and quiet and to enjoy nature!

I think this is a very good idea & tastefully presented.

This is long overdue! The path that now exists in front of my house is overgrown and state owned property. I would be willing to help get this project going in whatever way I can.

Concerns about criminal activity

Surfacing - Something suitable for biking & fast paces walking but natural looking. Love the idea - Terrific to have options for walking & biking besides heavily trafficked Rt 1. 1) any room for a small playground? Would love to discuss options! 2) any room for athletic workout stations? SB Property owners Association is VERY interested in ideas! Please contact me [email protected]

This pathway would be used year round. It will be a wonderful addition to our community. The community would have to Vote on the idea to "adopt" the pathway, but I feel confident they would approve such a proposal

Don't see a need for this project. If it has to be, security maintenance & future funding must be considered. We would prefer not to provide access to our back yards by strangers who have no access now.

It would be nice to have the Park police patrol the path during variable times preferably using bicycles.

Assawoman Canal walkway would be great asset. Would be magnificent to have it on both sides of canal, but also expensive. Paved surface best for bikes and low maintenance. Do not need lights (close at sunset). Link to Fresh Pond Park, if possible.

A casual walkway would be a great benefit to our overweight population. It would also open up access to these lands that have here-to-fore been limited in access - usually limited to adjoining property owners who will likely appose on any grounds that they think will deny or delay the process (such as dredging).

I am in favor of the proposed pathway for the Assawoman Canal waterway. A 10' wide mixed use pathway on both sides of the canal with access at each of the three bridges and at each end of the canal.

This would provide a natural feeling way to get round town. Have you ever tried to ride a bike on 26?

I think this is a great idea. It is much overdue. It would help make biking a lot safer.

I want the greater community to benefit from the wonderful "passive" trail. The NIMB Yard mentality is self serving homeowners along the canal who knew the canal and adjacent land was public when purchased. Think outside the box. Let the summer residents come to meetings on weekends next summer. The future is with the younger residents. Property value will go up on the properties along the trail! Good luck

Access- Concerned where & how people will get to path. Will there be a need for parking? (Not all people will get to trail by walking & biking) How will you keep people from cutting though private properties to get to canal? Have you run by law enforcement to see impact on potential home robberies, etc. Pathway- concern that the surface not be impervious. Should not be putting impervious surface near the canal!! Width - "as limited as possible" Not sure what size is necessary for both bikes and walking. As little impact on natural environment as possible

Path should be closed to public after night fall.

Our property in Canal Woods will be the most impacted by the pathway. Our property line is adjacent to the park and our patio is only 4 feet from the line. The pathway will seriously encroach on our privacy. Although we understand that this is a state park, we would appreciate if the path planning would recognize our special circumstances and location. Presently on the other side of the canal, there is a 1/2 + mile trail with an access off of Kent Ave. This trail is not near to the back of the Sea Colony homes. We would propose that this existing trial be used. If the trail must go along our side, we would ask that it be constructed as close to the water's edge as possible. Another consideration would be the loss of trees. We would estimate at least 30 trees would have to be cut to accommodate the trail just in the Canal Woods community. This would seriously affect the environment, the wildlife and the overall appearance of the park. Please consider our special location.

I am very much in favor of the Assawoman Canal Pathway. It provides a quiet and safe place for walking. Currently most walking in South Bethany is along the narrow streets. This interferes with automobiles and causes both the walkers and drivers to exercise a lot of caution. It would be good to get these walkers onto another path. Does the boat ramp belong to the state or is it on Sea Colony property? The pathway should be pervious to minimize storm water runoff into the canal. It should be designed so that it is not muddy after a rain. The pathway would be on one side only to minimize impact to the environment. Bridges should be available periodically to facilitate access.

Great idea - keep going forward, please no charge for use.

1) I hope you plan to keep certain trees (especially the magnolia's) 2) a fence is not natural or scenic - stick with natural borders. 3) do not prevent home owners access to the canal. 4) Use a surface that you can bike on 5) Use the East side of the canal as there is already a road and you would disrupt less vegetation. 6) Respect the homeowners life time rights to access the canal which were promised and deeded to them w/ purchase- don't block access by putting up fences.

You must realize that I am against this particular walkway because when I say NIMBY - this path is literally & figuratively in MBY. I am extremely concerned about safety- privacy - maintenance - trespassers - hour of operation - will it be available 24/7? So many unanswered questions - Are you planning on making this pathway a tourist attraction? The concept is great- especially on paper - reality is another thing - Can't be "cheap" to plan - build & maintain this trail - when can we expect our taxes to be raised to pay for this and maintained when volunteers aren't available?

The canal is about 50' from the rear of our building (Canal Woods). Any size pathway between our home and the canal would be an invasion of our privacy. Buffers placed would obstruct our view of the canal. We are very concerned with the possibility of increased crime since people will have easy access to the rear of our property via a pathway. If a pathway has to be build we certainly would favorite to be on the Sea Colony (north ) side. There is much more of a buffer between the canal and homes the canal is accessible now by canoes, boats, kayaks, etc. Access by pedestrians, bikes, will eliminate any wildlife that is seen along its banks.

This is as much a public safety/reduced traffic issue as it is a "green" project. Neither 26 nor Fred Hudson are conductive to foot/bicycle traffic. Look at the mishaps. Offer something safe encourage its use.

Biking is a great support for young and old, thick and thin. We love to explore the "back roads" but it's scary with cars speeding by well over the speed limit. The back roads and along the Assawoman Canal would really be enhanced and serve the community better if they were more accessible for bikers of all ages... breathe fresh air would be much better than breathing the fumes from cars and trucks along Route 1.

Let's keep trails as Natural as possible. They should be a place for Nature Observers, walkers, bikers (recreational, not racing bikes) with occasional access ramps for canoes & kayaks.

Canal path would enhance enjoyment of living in Bethany area.

Funding: In addition to federal land & water conservation fund, congressional delegation should seek designation as a national scenic trail

I believe the canal project will improve the beauty and value of the community. It is very important, however, not to cut any trees down unless it is absolutely necessary. Trees help to eliminate air pollution, provide oxygen, and give beauty to the community.

I feel a path would be detrimental to wildlife along the canal. Tree removal will destroy privacy and expose the canal and surrounding grounds to sunlight that will change the status quo of this wild area. Pathways adjacent to homes expose the summer homes to vandalism. Adopting- this sounds good but could not supervise the area 24 hours per day. Getting volunteers these days is next to impossible.

Consideration need for day & night monitoring (electronically controlled)

Use Electronic to create safety - Safety (night & day monitoring?)

Would be willing to have a group I belong to maybe sponsor. Displays are helpful in visualizing - Thank you

Need several Kayaks launch points.

I would like to see improvements made to the Assawoman Wildlife Area. This is an underutilized resource that could be improved with hiking trails and other visitor amenities and it could be made safer during hunting season.

At this point I would prefer that any money available be spend on enhancing existing parks i.e. a rest room facility at Gordon's Pond - more programs for children etc. Any pathway along the canal should preserve the natural environment - please don't cut down trees or take a path through the wetlands! We appreciate the wonderful parks in Delaware.

It would be helpful to have an emergency phone system along the trail as used in PA along the Valley Forge Trail.

Keeping the canopy cover the canal will limit nuisance algae bloom. Contact to the Assawoman sanctuary - I use the canal for kayaking frequently

I reviewed the map and possible layout of the trail(s) it appears that there would be a much larger impact to homes/communities if a trail were placed on the East side of the canal verses the Westside. There are several instances on the east side where homes and roads are exceptionally close to the likely trail placement. In my opinion, constructing 1 trail and placing it on the west side would be the most practical choice - thank you.

Allow pets one porta potty per mile at most, parking is nonessential if it creates opposition.

Trail should be as "natural" as possible, integrated with surrounding topography and vegetation. Trail should "meander" and avoiding long tunnel - like site lines important to have self-maintaining visual and auditory screens between trail and "civilization".

Particular emphasis should be place to ensure some privacy for existing homeowners.

What type of security force would ensure user's safety - would there be a "dawn to dusk" usage time?

If path is built as correct plans demonstrate, then path should zigzag, change sides, or in some way be redirected so as impact is the least disruptive to correct adjacent property sites. Other concerns - negative effect on area wildlife, noise and litter, monitoring policing of path, Alternatives to canal pathway expansion, improvement of local parks and existing bike paths.

This pathway, if built, would absolutely destroy the tranquility of this wonderful private natural area. As I understand the proposal -the width of the land on each side of the canal is 55', with a 20' setback from the setback from the high tide mark, if a 10' pathway was built this would leave only 25' on the adjacent properties side. Hardly an area big enough to accommodate wildlife. The disruption of skateboards, rollerblades, bicycles, joggers, etch would "scare away" what little wildlife remains. The only sights to be seen will be canal water and the outside (and inside) of the private homes in proximity to the pathway. I therefore, believe that the time and effort of the community would be better spent pursuing alternatives to this proposal e.g. - improvement of existing bicycle pathways - a short pathway along the Sea Colony side of the Canal, between Rt 26 & Kent Ave, to accommodate summer vacationers.

Could there be crabbing areas? drinking fountains, Trash cans, a Commercial area selling light food and beverages.

The canal as it is now is beautiful and I do not want anything near, around or on it.

This would be a great addition to the Sea Colony lifestyle and allow us to enjoy the beautiful canal.

Not much info here to go on, but in concept the idea sounds good. Would volunteer as we age some and are at the beach more frequently.

It would be better if the trail were not accessible to cars and trucks. Thinking of something along the lines of the bicycles trails along Rock Creek Parkway, the Capital Crescent Trail, and the bicycle paths to Mount Vernon in Washington, DC.

The pathway that is being proposed must function first with the environment as well as enhance the outdoor experience for the community.

MAKE SURE THE TRAIL IS FOR BICYCLES ALSO - This pathway would be a great asset to the state and the Bethany Beach area communities.

I would take my grandchildren biking there! This path would also be a plus for renters.

I have real concerns about non residents getting access to Sea Colony property from the pathway. My condo is probably 125 feet from the canal. I take great comfort in Sea Colony security as it presently exists. The path concerns me.

Great idea that I think will help pull the neighborhood together like the Crescent Trail in Bethesda, Md.

Sea Colony is a semi secured community therefore it is necessary to have a barrier (ie. Fence) to separate the pathway from the community. The barrier should have an access point or points that can be secured and opened by Sea Colony security.

Many new communities are offering Kayaking launches. I believe it would greatly enhance the value of sea colony if the community had access to Kayaking along the Assawoman canal. In addition, because sea colony is an active community, including jogging trails would be a natural fit with sea colony

I would prefer the Park use its money for other project.

My only real concern about the pathway is security within Sea Colony. I do not want public access to Sea Colony from the pathway.

Cycling safety on Kent Ave and Coastal Hwy is a concern and a trail integrating connection from Indian River to Double Bridges and on to Rt 54 in Fenwick would be an oasis from traffic. The surface is optimally paved, but the Lewes/Rehoboth is an excellent model that is low environmental impact and can govern speeds of cyclists (finely crushed stone).

The Assawoman pathway should not be constructed without due thought and planning. For example, if must be assumed that entry points for the trail within the resort is going to attract people, both from within and outside of Sea Colony, to drive to the trail head, park, unload dogs, children and bikes. This will cause a parking problem for homeowners and encourage entry and use of amenities by non-owners, factors that will increase maintenance costs and HOA fees. This is not speculative, but realistic factors that underlie the use of gates and guarded entry points at many resort areas. Most important is that the pathway will penetrate one of few refuges for nature, nature walking and observing, and what has become an eco-system. With that, and its attending beauty, the idea of a trail would not even be discussed. Thus, any pathway must respect nature and promote it and its beauty. A final important point: Property owners along the canal purchased their property for the solitude, trees, nature and privacy afforded by the canal, including myself. I appreciate folks jogging, biking, and walking past the front of my home - that is expected, anticipated and fits well with that environment. Having the same happen behind my house in intuitively different. The same would apply if we proposed to extend the bike path network to encircle each lake and pond and to meander behind and in-between homes in the resort. Presumably. Great idea but since we are o the ocean side we leave some of the details to homeowners on the west side of Sea Colony. But we would love to use a path if available. Also, since we aren't regularly at our Sea Colony home we'd not be the best choice for an adoption group. However, we'd ALWAYS pick up any trash we see when walking o the trail.

Thanks for the survey, even though I've read about the pathway not sure of start and end point but I love the idea of having a place to ride my bike and not be on Rt. 1 with all the cars.

Obviously, I have much tranquility to lose if such a trail is built on our side of the canal. Even a path built on the other side, depending on the use it gets, would disturb the quiet area around my house. The existence of a path, especially on the Sea Colony side, would materially change the very qualities that caused me to purchase a place in Sea Colony. So, I really want to know the progress of this idea, because it may determine whether I stay in Sea Colony or leave.

I like the idea of a trail, but my main concern is safety, privacy and the possibility of vandalism on the trail and adjacent to it.

I’m only in the area a few times year for several days or week at a time - but I do love the wetlands and birds and such. Could not commit to adopting a path, but might be able to volunteer for an occasional event.

If the entrance was within walking distance, I would use this often. We don't live at SC, but I would use this almost daily when we visit, which is frequently. If I have to drive and park, I would use it less frequently.

Great idea, but keep it as low key as possible. No lights. Keep it simple for daytime use. My family would certainly use it when we're in Bethany. Great feature to brag about in our rental literature as well.

I hope it happens. The canal needs stewards and this way it will get some.

Sea Colony owners/renters are in general very physically active. This trail will add to the amenities that attract them to Sea Colony and Bethany.

I am an owner at Sea Colony East. I would use the pathway on a daily basis when I am at the beach. I am there approx 4 months a year...I think it is a great idea. Needs to be kid safe....width needs to accommodate 2 bikers.

It's important to keep car and foot traffic out of Sea Colony; important to ensure public safety; important to avoid any budget impact caused by the need for additional landscaping, more security, and/or litter cleanup

Type of path would depend upon primary use. If for walking... a natural path is best.. If for biking...it should be paved. Erosion potential is also a factor.

Security and trespassers have to be considered. That's why I believe Sea Colony should have "limited access" to the canal path. Signs at the entrance and exit points should say "Sea Colony residents and guests only". I don't think a parking lot would be appropriate anywhere near the canal. The path should be for people living in walking or biking distance to the canal path. That's still tens of thousands of people in the summer.

I'm assuming that this trail would begin and end outside of Sea Colony bringing people in and through our neighborhoods. I'd rather not have the security issues, etc. involved in such a pathway. I am opposed to this proposal.

More and more people want to incorporate healthy activities into their vacations. I have never felt comfortable riding bikes, or walking, on the roads in Bethany. So every time we go to the beach we leave the bikes at home and exercise in the gym! A paved pathway would solve this problem for many vacating families. Not to mention, it could be used in Sea Colony's marketing. I live near a 5 mile paved pathway in Washington DC, and I can't tell you how many families are on the trail with bikes, strollers, roller blades, etc. People love to incorporate family time with exercise!

Use would be mostly in summer months - once in a while in spring and fall. If earthen or crush stone, not likely to use for biking, but maybe for dog walks.

I am concerned that the pathway if constructed will present security problems to Sea Colony residents, particularly during the majority of the year when no one is around. The path will be totally out of view from SC security and totally inaccessible for town police. I live in the DC area near the C&O canal (where access is very much controlled and policed by the National Park Service). In areas where bike paths have been constructed from railways through residential areas, there have been a number of serious crimes committed over the years--and that is in areas which are populated year round. I also believe that the paths will be constructed too close to residential buildings in SC, since the distance between residences (such as mine) and the canal is not that great. In short, while the canal is an attractive resource, I believe that the construction of a walk/bike trail will adversely impact the community as a whole. I urge that SC take a negative view of the project.

We are strongly in favor of an earthen trail beside the Assawoman Canal. It would add greatly to recreation in the area. A paved trail would only add to more environmental problems- the more natural, the better

My husband and I own a property that is adjacent to the canal. We feel strongly that any pathway must maintain the natural appearance and ambiance of the area. We have the obvious concerns about security, noise and litter but we would be happy to share this lovely area with those who would respect our privacy and the natural environment.

GENERAL PLANT LIST

* INDICATES TOLERANCE TO ROAD SALT (Dredge spoils)

LATIN NAME COMMON NAME REMARKS SHRUBS *ARONIA ARBUTIFOLIA RED CHOKEBERRY CUTTINGS; TOLERATES PARTIAL SHADE CEPHALANTHUS BUTTON BUSH DECIDUOUS; TOLERATE SHADE OCCIDENTALIS *ILEX GLABRA INKBERRY EVERGREEN; TOLERATES PARTIAL SHADE *LINDERA BENZOIN SPICE BUSH DECIDUOUS; TOLERATES FULL SHADE; DROUGHT MYRICA CERIFERA WAX MYRTLE EVERGREEN; SUCKERS; TOLERATES PARTIAL SHADE & DROUGHT *SAMBUCUS CANADENSIS ELDERBERRY SUCKER; FULL SUN; TOLERATES DROUGHT *VACCINIUM DENTATUM ARROWWOOD DECIDUOUS; SUCKERS; TOLERATES PARTIAL SHADE *VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM HIGHBRUSH BLUEBERRY DECIDUOUS; SUCKERS; TOLLERATES FULL SUN *AMORPHA FRUTICOSA FALSE INDIGO BUSH FULLSUN *ILEX DECIDUA DECIDUOUS HOLLY TOLLERATES FULL SUN; DROUGHT *NA FUTESCENS MARSH ELDER FULL SUN; LOW WILDLIFE VALUE TREES *BETULA NIGRA RIVER BIRCH DECIDUOUS; MULTI STEM; BEST IN FULL SUN *BETULA POPULIFOLIA GRAY BIRCH DECIDUOUS; SUCKERS; TOLERATES DROUGHT *CELTIS OCCIDENTALIS HACKBERRY TOLLERATES FULL SUN; DROUGHT *FRAXINUS PENNSYLVANICA GREEN ASH DECIDUOUS; TOLERATES PARTIAL SHADE; DROUGHR LIQUIDAMBAR STYRACIFLUA SWEETGUM DECIDUOUS; FULL SUN; TOLERATES DROUGHT QUERCUS BICOLOR WHITE OAK DECIDUOUS; TOLERATES DROUGHT QUERCUS NIGRA WATER OAK DECIDUOUS; FAST GROWTH QUERCUS PALUSTRIS PIN OAK DECIDUOUS; TOLERATES DROUGHT QUERCUS PHELLOS WILLOW OAK DECIDUOUS; TOLERATES DROUGHT SALIX NIGRA BLACK WILLOW DECIDUOUS; USED FOR STABILIZATION *PINUS RIGIDA PITCH PINE EVERGREEN; TOLERATES DROUGHT *PINUS TAEDA LOBLOLLY PINE EVERGEEN; TOLERATES DROUGHT HERB SPARTINA PATENS SALT MARSH HAY FULL SUN; TOLERATES DROUGHT PANICUM VIRIGATUM SWITCHGRASS MAY TOLERATESOME SHADE

Segment 1 – West side north of Route 26

Looking north from the Ocean View Marina Jet skis near the Town Road property

Town Road property north of Route 26 View of White Creek from Mitchell Property Segment 1 – West side north of Route 26

Sidewalk on Central Avenue Bridge Erosion along the canal banks

Ocean View Marina Motor boat heading south from Central Ave. Segment 1 – West side north of Route 26

Looking south toward Route 26 Underside of the Route 26 Bridge

Looking west at Central Ave. Bridge Paddlers under the Central Avenue Bridge Segment 1 – West side north of Route 26

Looking west from the Route 26 bridge Kayaker enjoying the view

Looking north from the Marina Looking north from the Route 26 Bridge Segment 2 – East side north of Route 26

Looking south from Cedar Neck Road Looking west at entrance to bottling plant

Looking east at the Loop Canal Kayaker on the northern portion of the canal Segment 2 – East side north of Route 26

Approaching the canal westbound on Route 26 Looking north from Central Ave. bridge

Looking east at the Loop Canal Kayaker on the northern portion of the canal Segment 2 – East side north of Route 26

Looking north at bottling plant Looking north along Christine Lane

Looking west over Central Ave. bridge Kayaker approaching Central Ave. bridge Segment 3 – West side south of Route 26

Looking west at Jefferson Bridge Canal land south of Waterside

Looking north near Waterside Kayakers paddling south Segment 3 – West side south of Route 26

Looking south from Route 26 bridge First gut north of Jefferson Bridge

Riga Drive access Looking east at Route 26 bridge Segment 3 – West side south of Route 26

Looking east toward Jefferson Bridge Working Group on the canal

First gut south of Route 26 bridge Waterside Community Segment 4 – East side south of Route 26

Working Group on the canal Looking across the canal from Waterside

Parking lot near Bahamas Beach Shady area south of Route 26 Segment 4 – East side south of Route 26

Looking south near Bahamas Beach Looking south from Jefferson Bridge

Looking south at Jefferson Bridge Working Group looking north at Route 26 Segment 4 – East side south of Route 26

Looking southeast from Route 26 Bridge Boat launch south of Jefferson Bridge

Social trail near Sea Colony Looking south near boat launch