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Une Sociologie Sans Sociologues? Les Britanniques En Quête D'une

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Une Sociologie Sans Sociologues? Les Britanniques En Quête D'une Une sociologie sans sociologues ? Les Britanniques en quête d’une discipline (1904-2014) Baudry Rocquin To cite this version: Baudry Rocquin. Une sociologie sans sociologues ? Les Britanniques en quête d’une discipline (1904- 2014). Sociologie. Université de Bordeaux, 2014. Français. NNT : 2014BORD0413. tel-02883976 HAL Id: tel-02883976 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02883976 Submitted on 29 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE PRÉSENTÉE POUR OBTENIR LE GRADE DE DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE BORDEAUX Ecole Doctorale SP2 Sociétés, Politique, Santé Publique SOCIOLOGIE Par Baudry ROCQUIN « Une sociologie sans sociologues ? Les Britanniques en quête d’une discipline (1904-2014) » Sous la direction de : M. Charles-Henry CUIN Soutenue le 12 décembre 2014 Membres du jury : M. SMITH, Andy DR, Centre Durkheim, Université de Bordeaux Président M. RODRIGUEZ, Jacques PU, Université de Lille III Rapporteur Mme SCHRECKER, Cherry MCF HDR, Université de Nancy Rapporteure M. CUIN, Charles-Henry PU, Université de Bordeaux Dir. de thèse Mme BERTHEZENE, Clarisse MCF, Université de Paris-VII, Sciences Po Invitée Titre : « Une sociologie sans sociologues ? Les Britanniques en quête d’une discipline (1904-2014) » Résumé : Ma thèse traite de la sociologie britannique au XXe siècle (1904-2014). Comment expliquer que pendant longtemps, il n’y ait pas eu de sociologie en Grande Bretagne et qu’elle apparaisse si tardivement au XXe siècle ? L’apport principal de mon travail est de montrer qu’une discipline se construit à deux niveaux : d’un côté des institutions, de l’autre une identité. Si les britanniques ont disposé des premières très tôt, ils n’ont pas réussi à construire la seconde avant les années 1960. La sociologie est donc largement restée une « affaire d’amateurs ». La faiblesse et l’oubli historiographique dont souffre la sociologie britannique tient dans ce simple constat, qui n’a pas grand-chose à voir avec un échec intellectuel (Soffer, 1982 ; Goldman, 1987) comme on le croit souvent. Le fil rouge de ma thèse est donc la question de l’identité des sociologues. L’absence de frontières disciplinaires claires en sciences sociales avant les années 60 a fait que la sociologie britannique est longtemps restée insulaire. Cela explique qu’il faille la chercher, notamment hors des universités, pour la (re)trouver. Ma thèse apporte donc une pierre à l’édifice historique de la sociologie mais elle peut aussi aider les britanniques à s’affirmer comme ce qu’ils sont, une grande nation avec une sociologie originale qui mérite d'être au panthéon des grandes disciplines. C’est tout le problème du « complexe d’infériorité » qui domine les sociologues britanniques jusqu’à nos jours, alors même que la sociologie y est florissante. Il lui reste à gagner, toujours, en légitimité – à la fois sociale et scientifique. » Enfin cette thèse utilise des archives inédites des universités, du Parlement et des sources primaires ainsi que N=11 entretiens et une base de données de N=1 565 articles sociologiques pour montrer à quel point la sociologie britannique contemporaine est l’égal d’autres grands sociologies occidentales désormais. Mots clés : sociologie britannique ; Grande Bretagne ; 20e siècle ; institutionnalisation ; discipline ; universités Title : « A sociology without sociologists ? Britain’s search for a discipline (1904-2014) » Abstract : This dissertation seeks to explain the peculiar development of British sociology in the 20th century (1904-2014). Why did it take it so long to emerge? Is it true to say that there is such things as “a British tradition in sociology?”. This thesis argues that British sociologists had institutions very early on, but lacked a coherent and cogent definition of themselves. In other words, British sociologists had institutions but no identity. This impacted on the definition of a discipline in universities, and thus its lack of recognition among academics. We therefore explore the long-running trend of “extra-mural” sociology and show how important it was for the post-WWII discipline, when the professionalisation of sociologists started as a process. It remains that British sociology was mostly insular and “parochial” for most of the twentieth century. However, our last chapter shows that British sociologists are coming to terms with the current intellectual situation in the world. British sociology has never been so lively and is on a par with all the other “grand sociologies” in the western World nowadays. But they need to realise that. To argue that sociologists lacked a definition of their discipline and still suffer from an “inferiority complex” both socially and intellectually, we use previously unused archives from universities and the Parliament, printed sociological sources such as journals, novels and newspapers as well as interviews with N=11 contemporary British sociologists and a database of N=1565 recent articles in sociology. Keywords : British sociology ; Britain ; 20th century ; institutionalisation ; discipline ; universities ; public sociology Unité de recherche Centre Emile Durkheim (UMR5116) Université Bordeaux Segalen 3 ter place de la Victoire 33076 Bordeaux Cedex A mes parents, « My theme is infinite, but your patience is finite. » - Ernest Barker (1936) Remerciements Je tiens à remercier d’abord mon directeur de thèse, M. Charles-Henry Cuin, à l’Université de Bordeaux pour ses conseils, son soutien constant et ses multiples encouragements pendant la préparation et la rédaction de cette thèse. C’est de nos échanges que j’ai tiré beaucoup d’enseignements et d’intuitions « sociologiques ». Du point de vue institutionnel, je tiens à remercier l’Université d’Oxford, mon alma mater, ainsi que Keble College, Oxford, l’Université de Bordeaux et de Strasbourg pour leur accueil et le confort matériel et intellectuel grâce auquel ce projet a pu être mené à bien. Je tiens à remercier ensuite ma famille (Mansuy et Marine, Lorraine, Thélise, mes parents, grands-parents et beaux-parents) pour leur accompagnement et leur soutien sans faille durant toute la durée de ce projet. Un grand merci également à Shérif, Alessandro, James et Luke pour leur amitié et les bons moments passés ensemble à Oxford, ce qui n’a pas directement participé à la rédaction de la thèse mais m’a permis de ne pas perdre la tête ! Je dois également beaucoup, en tant que chercheur, à Amazon et à Google, sans qui un projet de recherche serait beaucoup plus difficile à mener. Je tiens à remercier les archivistes de la LSE, d’Oxford, de Cambridge, de Keele, de Liverpool et de Birmingham pour leur accueil et leur aide. Enfin, last but not least, toutes mes pensées et mes remerciements vont à Julie. Ce projet n’aurait jamais pu être achevé sans son soutien inconditionnel, sa présence rassurante et ses encouragements répétés, dans les bons comme dans les mauvais moments. Qu’elle soit ici sincèrement remerciée ! Bonne lecture ! Strasbourg, le 7 août 2014. Abbréviations AERES : Agence d’évaluation de la recherche et de l’enseignement supérieur AISLF : Association internationale des sociologues de langue française AFS : Association française de sociologie ARSS : Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales ASA : American Sociological Association BJS : The British Journal of Sociology BSA : The British Sociological Association CCCS : Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies 6 COS : Charity Organisation Society CUP : Cambridge University Press ESRC : Economic and Social Research Council HCPP : House of Commons Parliamentary Papers ICS : Institute of Community Studies IOS : Institute of Sociology ISA: International Sociological Association LSE: The London School of Economics and Political Science MO : Mass Observation MOA : Mass Observation Archives MSS : Manuscripts and special collections (fonds d’archives) NAPSS : National Association for the Promotion of Social Science NHS : National Health Service OUP : Oxford University Press PEP : Political and Economic Planning PPE : Politics, Philosophy and Economics (cursus de licence à Oxford) RAE : Research Assessment Exercise REF : Research Excellence Framework RFS : Revue Française de Sociologie RHUL : Royal Holloway, University of London SGR : The Sociological Review SSRC : Social Science Research Council 7 Sommaire Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 12 I. Cadre d'analyse théorique et conceptuel ........................................................................... 13 II. Originalité méthodologique ............................................................................................. 17 III. Matériaux empiriques ..................................................................................................... 18 IV. Apport cognitif ............................................................................................................... 20 V. Plan adopté .....................................................................................................................
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