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Permian Castile Varved Evaporite Sequence, West Texas and New Mexico

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Permian Castile Varved Evaporite Sequence, West Texas and New Mexico Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Compliance Certification Application Reference 14 Anderson, R.Y., Dean, W.E., Kirkland, Jr., D.W., and Snider, H. I. 1972. Permian Castile Varved Evaporite Sequence, West Texas and New Mexico. Geological Society of America Bulletin, Vol. 83, pp. 59-86. Submitted in accordance with 40 CFR 8 194.13, Submission of Reference Materials. SENT BY: 2-28-96 ; 4: 08PM ; WID - PRmm7fT3602: @91;115434 6541 ;# 2/ 8 - .. DATE: 02/29/96 hiI!JatmR ELSCXRIC CORPOEA?IM m-SE ORDER PO 72921 ~RT.TVERY rm: 93/18/96 iUBr6 ISOLATIOM DIVISTOW P.0. Bax 2078 nEPPINT CATUSBAD. rar en221 em: 1 of 4 - 1 mUMIR: T6.6085 Pwm: It 10 30 MYS ~nfornuclonEXplQsP Fmr Da#CiPrkion Pwid L HOE hllc-d Accn; ~ulicGweeckind SEXY VU: UPS GMTHD 3230 Ash SC. klalo Leo. CA 94306 This Ordar is iseud under Weacirrghauc Prlru! Concracc a-~cor-a~~19snwirh chr U.S. Depr;. of Enqrqy. DPAT 00-P3 I ncmj app~iea. BILL TO: Ucsitmghouee Sloccric Carp Wuce 1~~011Div~miun ,2q Acooun~aPayablm Wt- Y.O. Borr 2070 1 Carlahad, m a0221 - -. -- sD-SDD/WO Sol? . .9P P.O. r~xi+x~y : mT2 --.-. 11.000 La 3 71110-00l.23 10.00000 10.000 YI 100.00 RPILICNIOU. -16, BOO PAWpyLprrS. SRR WZllg POP botes. m.Ct.0.. 1976 CRROZOIC DBPOSITS OY SO COAWU~~~atW WICTMY dP WVCLCOIIITS DI Or MaEmQI, U.6. CEOLOCIClUI SlmW. 7. PP. 135-119. W3 L5HGmz AVNWLp PER ma3 1 71x0-00123 10.00000 22.UOO n 1dO. 00 N) EVAmnms, WIPP sm. : ~PPC~~CtOTlrm. 5 11510-00173 10.00000 18.00U EA 1aU.00 PIIBLI~~~.~0a~9. m-. m. BEB tiarc FOR SPECS. PRllGAWN YWYF, DIV. nmWlrLl# kmIJsE, FAIRvxmt PAU. ELXFMRD, Nr 10573 (914) 592-7700 6 715LO-OOU3 PCIPLI~TTON,nwu. -, P SOECC . ag)PPIlf. 0.11. '917 snrmon ~~RUSTRYOT w nmrmmxxcA rrrra- VOL. 3 AuDanIC Paas 12so ~mam. SABl DIEOCI, CA 92101 ME 1619) 699-6321 N~OZOO 7 71510 00173 10.00000 Eb 11.000 P. lAO.00 PQRLICATIOU, 800Us. W(IP1~8.YIYIRILPILT. sxa wo2.B YQY SPOCS . ..- cbnrinuma on uut. p.9. =k=-L-s=me W ROGER Y. ANDERSON Deporrn7eric of Geology, The Unizersity ofNew Mexico, Albuqrrerque, h'eru Mexico 87/06 I!'AL?'ER E. DEAN, J I<. Deparrnrer~rojCeology, Sj'roruse Un~rrrsify,Syracrrse, New York I3210 I)OUGLAS 11'. KIRKLAN D AfoPil Research and Dezriopmenr Corpornrion, L)alIas, Texas 75221 IlENRY I. SNIDER L)epartn~crrtof Ph~sicnl Scicrlces, Eastern (Jotmectic~~tStare College, ti'iIlimanric, Cormnectirrrt 06226 West Texas and New Mexico is a change from thinner undisturbed anhy- (lritc I:IITI~II:I~ to 111icI<er:11111y(lritc I:IIII~II~C that sedimentation-a varve. tl~ickestin the cnstcrn and northeastern part of l'lic thickr~essolrncl~ couplet iu tllc 260.000- 111c11;lsirl :tn~ltl~ickcl~ from southcast to nor111- varvc scclrrrllcc (:I total tllicktlcss 01 447.2 In, west. 'l'his distribution and the synchroneity 1457 It) I~asbccn measured individ~rall~and indicate a departure froln the classical model of recotded and provides the hasis for subdividing cvaporirc zonation. and corrclatir~g111:1ior strntifir:~pI~ic units witllin INTRODUCTION tile basin. 'l'hv ul)l>crruc~st9.2 111 (30.3 1t) 111- the Bell Car~yor~Formation contains about 50,850 The Castile Formation (Upper I'ermian) in varve co~~plets:the Basal Limcstonc hternber the I>elaware Basin of Texas and New blexico of the C:atile about 600; tl~elowermost anlly- is oftcn cited as perhaps the best example of a drite mcrnbcr 01 rhc Castile (i\t~hytlritc1) con- large dccp-water evapc~ritedeposit k~rwhich tnins 38,397: 1l:llire 1, 1,063; Anhytlritc 11, tl~crcarc 11o tntdcrn :itlalogs. In ;tdditiol~,rl~c 13.314; Il:~licc11, 1,758: ~I~~hyclritcIll, 46,592: <::~stilc is \vcll knolvn Ii~rits rcil~nrk:lbly tlis- Iblitc 111, 17,870; ;r~xlAr~l~~tlritc IV, 54,187. ti~~cr1:uninntions ol calcite and ;tnhydritc, The part of the Salildo collccrcd (126.6 111) cou- \vhicl~are assumed by Illany to rellect annual cains 35,422 vnrvc couplets. 'l'llc Bell Canyon- sedimentation. Gstilc scqnencc in the cores studied is appar- 'l'he rcgular interlamination of salts of dif- cnrly continuous, \\!it11 no recognizable uncon- ferent solubilities (calcite and anl~ydrite;anhy- drite and I~alitc)implies that depositional con- l'he dominant petrologic oscillatiot~ in the trols must have fluct~~atedin response to some Castile and Salado, other tllan the la~ninations, peritdic proccss or event. Udden (1924) sug- 59 PPICMIAN CASI'ILE EVAI'ORITE SEQUENCE, \\'EST TEXAS AND NEW MEXICO 61 gested tlint c;lcl~ calcite-an11)-drite couplet tliors (Anderso~iand Kirkland, 1966; Kirkland represented an annual increment of sediment- and Anderson, 1970) revealed that the lamina- a varve. hlost investigators wlio have discussed tions could be correlated with great precision the Castile agree \vith Udden's annual inter- over the entire basin (distances up to 113 km or pretation I~uthave bee11 urlablc to agree on a 70.2 mi). The laminations continue in an unin- Or~iitlly1-11 :yrr :~sciII 111c cvnporilc system and considers chicfly the calcite I;IIII~II;I~ ill 111c Casrilc. Kicllter-Bern- pcrl.ology and s~mtigraphic relations ol the burg (1964) explained a similar association in major units in the basin. These units have been calcite-anhydrite couplets in the Permian correlated within the basin on the basis of ANDERSON AND OTtlERS REGIONAL SETTING the basin. During Salado time, potassium salts were dcposired rvitllin southeastern New Mex- ico and a small part of Texas. PETROLOGY Castile - The laminations of the preevaporite and evaporite phascs of Bell Canyon-Castile For- Guada'upe mations provide a unique means for describing Cherry tanyon and intcrpreting petrologic variations. Lamina- Brushy Canyon tions of onc sort or another occur in a con- tinuous uninrerruptcd seclucnce Itom the Leonard Bone Sprlnq ~imstme organically lamina ted siltstone of the Bell Canyon, through the basal limestone and the . ., 8,. ,). ._-- . ____ __.. _. _- _ . -- - - . -- - -. -- .- PERMIAN CASI'ILE EVAI'OIIII'E SEQUISNCE, WEST TEXAS AND P:EW MEXICO 63 ; of thc (::~srile, anti i .\nliytlrite 1, -1.0 $. .. Icr~~ber. 111 I:~ycrs:I\)OIII I mrn the Castile Formation, and some additions to and refinements of these descriptions are pre- I OF PERMIAN ROCKS OF THE :I0 SOUTHEASI llEW MEXICO - 'rdbeds In ,#yon ;.I Limestone scrvcd wit11 six or more calcite rl~ombsarounda Some basal calcitc laminae contain a mosaic nucleus ol calcite or unidentified material. ltlated of equidimensional calcite crystals with many The size of the small equidimensional calcite of the crystals having sutured bor~ndaries. As rhombs does not change upward in the laminae lypical of most of tlic Castile. lollg tli~~~c~~sionsor no st arc :~pproxin~a~cly I\NI)EI<SON AND OI'I~IERS PERMIAN I Figurc 3. Fossils in thc uppermost BcU Canyon 50.3 cm. (D) Small (-25,~) calcitc rhombs in Formation and crystal tcxturcs in thc Castilc Formation. laminae ncar basc of Anhydritc I (see Fig. 2G); (A) Roundcd-rhombohcdrons of calcitc; note that thc organization of calcitc crystals into lamina in ccnt frcqucncy of calcite crystals diminishes upward into the photo. (E,F) Enlargcd vicws of calcitc rhom overlying anh~dritclamina, Anh~dritcI Mcmbcr, To partially polarized light; notc that somc crystok + 10,792, 859.9 cm. (B) Algal(?) rcmains, Claystonc rhombic form and arc "floating" in anhyddtc 111 unit, To + 5,600, 74.3 cm. (C) Minute fusulinid, mass. comparc Yubrina sp., Claystonc 111 unit, To + 3,840, PERhiIAN CtISl'ILE I<VAl'ORl'TI: SEQUENCE. \VEST ?'EXAS AND NEW MEXICO 67 A lmm F -lmm Figurc 4. Calcite and ar~hydritccrystal tcxturcs, 35,014-35,015. Notc that organic matter forms a coating Castile and Salado Formations. (A) Anhydritc and on thc calcitc grains. (D) Calcitc rhombs (dark) bctwccn I hombs in calcitc organic-rich anhydritc laminae (scc Fig. 2F); notc con- nodulcs of anhydhc; notc alignmcnt of anhydritc t, Fig. ZG); note trasting sizc of anhydritc crystals, with larger crystals in crystals adjacent to calcite band, Anhydritc I Mcmbcr, ltrlina in center of organic-rich zones (polarized light); Anhydritc I To + 216-218, 35.6 cm. (E) Similar to (D), but in :~lcitc rhonrbs in Member TO+ 21,630-21,631, 2,195.6 cm. (B) Typical polarized light, Anhydritc I Mcmber, To + 216-218, rrr crystals retain 1 blocky anhydritc (polarizcd light); Anhydritc I Mem- 35.6 cm. (F) Rcticuhte pattern formcd by rcorganiza- 1 :,rll~ydritcground bcr, To + 13,976, 1,200.0 cm. (C) Laminac of organic tion of anhydritc laminae into nodules, Anhydritc I stained calcitc and anhydritc, Salado Formation; Mcmbcr, To + 216-218,35.6 cm. 12,737.8 cm above basc of Salado Formation. TO + Some of the halite layers from the upper part of laminae. They can be observed in insoluble theCastile retain the original crystal structures, residues and sometimes on polished surfacesand '~ir~etersto IllOle including internal laminae that are concentra- in thin sections, but are observed best on x- \ added to the tions of organic material or anhydrite, and radiographs of slabs approximately 3 mm thick rn at the onset bubbles and vacuoles. Most halite layers, Ilow- cut normallv to stratification (see discussion in ;I 1 tlrite 1.1rninac ever, have become recrystallized (Fig. 5D). Anderson aid Kirkland, 1966): I( Lrl~essR 1111 the Very small quartz and zircon grains with Other Components 1 r jlcire laycrs be- maximum intercepts of approximately 50 p I 8 lcfined nnil arc Small crystals of pyrite are sparsely present have been observed in insoluble residues of in the Cistilc, gcr~cmlly:~t thc basc of calcite Castilc material.
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