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Lawrence Durrell's Bitter Lemons and Rodis Roufos
1Journal Nicholas of Mediterranean Coureas Studies, 2016 ISSN: 1016-3476 Vol. 25, No. 2: 000–000 CYPRUS AND THE NOT-SO-SOFT POWER OF CULTURAL POLITICS: LAWRENCE DURRELL‘S BITTER LEMONS AND RODIS ROUFOS‘ THE AGE OF BRONZE ARGYRO NICOLAOU Harvard University This article builds on postcolonial readings of Lawrence Durrell‘s work and offers a comparative analysis of Bitter Lemons and the 1960 novel The Age of Bronze by Rodis Roufos, a Greek diplomat and journalist, who wrote it in direct response to Durrell‘s text. My main objective is to show that any critical analysis of Durrell‘s work on Cyprus should take into account both the literary and political criticism that the work incited among the non-British, non-Anglophone intellectual circles of the time as well as the specific cultural political power dynamics that have allowed Durrell‘s work to dominate as the uncontested, monologic authority on the subject of Cyprus‘ decolonization. By presenting an extensive, in-depth textual analysis of a suppressed section of Roufos‘ novel, first published by David Roessel in 1994, my paper aims to demonstrate that beyond the veneer of its overwhelmingly positive reception, Bitter Lemons was in fact the subject of cross-cultural, international debate that bears testament to the capacity of cultural objects to shape political realities. Interpreting both texts as examples of cultural politics, the article also illustrates the powerful legacy of colonization in current European political discourse. Durrell’s Legacy on Cyprus It is ironic, yet in many ways entirely unsurprising, that the most famous book on Cyprus is a British author‘s account of the turbulent years of the National Organization of Cypriot Fighters (EOKA) uprising against the British crown from 1955 to 1959 and the Greek Cypriots‘ demand for Enosis, or political union with Greece. -
Synthesis: an Anglophone Journal of Comparative Literary Studies
Synthesis: an Anglophone Journal of Comparative Literary Studies Vol. 0, 2017 A Selected Fiction? Lawrence Durrell and the Overgrown Typescript of Bitter Lemons Roessel David Stockton University https://doi.org/10.12681/syn.16245 Copyright © 2017 David Roessel To cite this article: Roessel, D. (2019). A Selected Fiction? Lawrence Durrell and the Overgrown Typescript of Bitter Lemons. Synthesis: an Anglophone Journal of Comparative Literary Studies, 0(10), 82-102. doi:https://doi.org/10.12681/syn.16245 http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/09/2021 15:38:57 | A Selected Fiction? Lawrence Durrell and the Overgrown Typescript of Bitter Lemons David Roessel Abstract This article looks at previously unmined archival documents in order to explore the pre- and post-publication history of Lawrence Durrell’s Bitter Lemons, a travelogue written during the ‘emergency years’ of the EOKA campaign against British rule and for union with Greece. It examines the ways in which paratextual documents surrounding this publication history illuminate the awkward, sometimes contradictory, relationship between Durrell’s book and the last years of the British colonial government in Cyprus, a government for which Durrell worked as an employee in the Public Information Office. Pursewarden, the famous novelist that Durrell created as a character in the Alexandria Quartet, remarked, “We live...lives based on selected fictions” (Balthazar 138). As Durrell’s masterpiece unfolds, the reader is made keenly aware of how important Pursewarden’s observation is to the narrative. Balthazar, in the volume named after him, corrects Darley’s account in Justine by making a new, interlinear text with the comment: our view of reality is conditioned by our position in space and time—not by our personalities as we like to think. -
Near East University Graduation Thesis Department of English Language and Literature Trnc,1996 ·
A critical analysis of Lawrence Durrell' Bitter Lemons of Cy-12±~~ "from the eyes of a Turkish Cypriot student who solely sought facts" Prepared by: Okan Yurdakul Supervised by: Prof.Dr.Gu! Celkan NEAR EAST UNIVERSITY GRADUATION THESIS DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE TRNC,1996 ·---- TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Towards an Eastern Landfall A Geography Lesson Voices at the Tavern.Door How to Buy a House The Tree of Idleness The Swallows Gather A telling of Omens The Winds of Promise The Satrap Point of No Return "rhe F@a~t o.C UnnH:1r:ion The Vanishing Landmarks A Pocketful of Sand 'Bitter LemonA' S~l@ct Rjhlioqr~phy Index BIBLIOGRAPHY: SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY: NEWMAN,PHILIP.A short History of Cyprus (London,1940) Handy, condensed history LUKE,H.C Cyprus under the Turks (London,1921). Information on the Turkish Period. DIXON,W.HEPWORTH. British Cyprus (London,1887) LEWIS,Mrs. A Lady's Impressions of Cyprus (1893). BROWN,SAMUEL,M.I.C.E. Three Months in Cyprus : during the winter of 1878-9 (1879) • ORR, C.W.J. Cyprus under British Rule (Loudon, 19Ul) Informr1tion on t.he Rri.t-.:iAh P.Ad.nci GUNNIS, RUPERT. Histor:Lc Cyprus (Lo11d0111 .J.9](i) Comp;t"Ql.\i!:l11r;i:l.vQ 1911:ltll:"\ lmok' l:n 1·110 A11t·lr111·ltlr::it::l. COBHAM,C.D.EXCE).L'f)lfl Cypd .. A: Mf\Lt1LLfllB For R fl IHI rny (Jr Cyp.ru s (Cambridge, 1908), Selected extracts from Iiooka and travel- d La r Le s on Cyprus,J\.U.2.-\ l::o J.B4~J. -
Namedarticleinterventions.Pdf
Kent Academic Repository Full text document (pdf) Citation for published version Kemal, Bahriye (2018) Writing Gifted Baby Cyprus: Anticolonial Ethnic Motherland Nationalist Literatures. Interventions, 19 (8). pp. 1088-1111. ISSN 1369-801X. DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/1369801X.2017.1421028 Link to record in KAR https://kar.kent.ac.uk/74001/ Document Version Author's Accepted Manuscript Copyright & reuse Content in the Kent Academic Repository is made available for research purposes. Unless otherwise stated all content is protected by copyright and in the absence of an open licence (eg Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher, author or other copyright holder. Versions of research The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record. Enquiries For any further enquiries regarding the licence status of this document, please contact: [email protected] If you believe this document infringes copyright then please contact the KAR admin team with the take-down information provided at http://kar.kent.ac.uk/contact.html Writing Gifted Baby Cyprus: Ethnic Motherland Nationalist Literatures Bahriye Kemal This article assigns the literary as the preferred means to write Cyprus because it exposes the power of place and space in postcolonial partitioned cases; it exposes that spatial production determines the formation and agency of identity in Cyprus, which serves to sharpen and to blur the dominant binary legacy of historical-political deadlock discourse, so to generate conflict and solidarity between the deeply divided people in postcolonial partitioned Cyprus. -
Modern Diplomacy and Mountolive
Modern Diplomacy and Mountolive Caroline Z. Krzakowski New York University The four novels in Lawrence Durrell’s Alexandria Quartet engage the modern diplomat’s preoccupation with documents, the circula- tion of information, and the interpretation of that information. Mountolive, the third volume in the tetralogy, specifically represents the postwar “shrinking” of the British Empire as viewed from abroad. In many ways, Mountolive’s failure as a diplomat parallels the demise of empire. Moreover, Mountolive performs the exigen- cies of diplomacy by implicating the reader in the act of decoding. Just as diplomats use networks to record, interpret, and spread in- formation, characters encode or decode the information that mixes with false impressions and disinformation in the Alexandria Quartet. By re-casting the same characters in each volume of the Quartet and by revising information from the previous tome in subsequent volumes, Durrell’s multi-volume novel asks the reader to share in the diplomat’s perplexity and his postwar loss of agency. Historians have noted that the practice of diplomacy has, from its inception, been associated with texts and documents. This tex- tuality of the diplomat’s work is embedded in the etymology of the word itself. In his study Diplomacy, Harold Nicolson explains that the term is derived from the Greek verb ‘diploun’ meaning ‘to fold.’ In the days of the Roman Empire, all passports, passes along imperial roads and way-bills were stamped on double metal plates and folded and sewn together in a particular manner. These metal passes were called ‘diplomas.’ At a later date this word ‘diploma’ was extended to cover other and less metal- lic official documents conferring privileges or embodying ar- rangements with foreign communities and tribes. -
Bitter Lemons Free
FREE BITTER LEMONS PDF Lawrence Durrell | 364 pages | 25 Mar 2009 | Axios Press | 9781604190045 | English | New York, NY, United States Lawrence Durrell´s Bitter Lemons - Persée Semola Giuseppina. I have tried to review merely what I thought were the pertinent points to my presentation regarding the fascinating. Bitter Lemons Lemons, and Bitter Lemons had to limit my purview accordingly. What is the significance of the appearance of these two characters at the beginning of his book? Caterina Cornaro reigned was the last queen of Cyprus. She was caught up in the political intrigues of the time while still a Bitter Lemons. She was very attractive and the inspiration of poets and troubadours, and painted by the great artists of the Renaissance. Rebellions, assassinations, and personal hardships, restrictions and intrigue marked the agitated years of her reign. Finally Venice persuaded her to abdicate inciting the vital commercial and political importance of Cyprus to the state, and the growing likelihood of a Turkish invasion, hard for a woman to handle. She left with an afflicted soul. In compensation she was allowed to retain her royal title, a state pension, and a small, elegant dominion at Asolo in the Alpine foothills of Venetian territory. There in that Bitter Lemons exile she had a small but brilliant court frequented by poets and philosophers, artists and musicians. Durrell depicts Caterina in the following gracious way:. In the only portrait Bitter Lemons have seen the eyes are grave and beautiful, full of impenitent life of their own; the eyes of a woman who has enjoyed much adulation, Bitter Lemons has travelled much and loved much. -
Lawrence Durrell in Cyprus. a Philhellene Against Enosis
EPOS. XIX (2003), págs. 229-243 LAWRENCE DURRELLIN CYPRUS: A PHILHELLENE AGAINST ENOSIS. JOSÉ RUIZ MAS Centro Asociado de la UNED de la Provincia de Jaén ABSTRACT In this article I endeavour to explain Lawrence Durrell's opposition to enosis (that is, the Greek Cypriots' dream to be politically united to Greece) whilst he resided and worked in colonial Cyprus as an English teacher, as the editor of the Cyprus Review and as the head of the British Public Information Office in the igland, despite his convinced philhellenism, acquired during his residence in Corfú in the 1930's. I analyse Durrell's travel book Bitter Lemons (1957), published only a year after he left Cyprus, his correspondence to his frienda and other minor works. Bitter Lemons is based on his three- year stay on the igland, a sojourn which coincided with the climax of the enosis crisis and the EOKA troubles. Even though Durrell insisted that Bitter Lemons «was not a política] book», I try to pro ve that in this work he not only expresses support for the cause of the Turkish-Cypriots in Cyprus, who aspired to obtain the partition of the island in two, but also for the British policy of encouraging communalism and the dehellenization of the island. Indeed, in Bitter Lemons, Greek-Cypriots are depicted by Durrell as non-Greeks, in spite of their overt pride in their Greekness. 1. INTRODUCTION: CYPRUS'S ASPIRATIONS TO ENOSIS Enosis or «political unión with Greece» was to the Greek-Cypriots a XXth-century versión of the XIXth-century romantic belief of the meghali idhea («great idea»), by which the downtrodden Greeks that were subjects of the Ottoman Empire dreamt to be made part of an independent and greater Helias that would coUect all of the Greeks 230 JOSÉ RUIZ MAS scattered around Europe. -
Pied Piper of Lovers
Pied Piper of Lovers Lawrence Durrell Copyright © Lawrence Durrell !"#$. ,345657 689 :5;<3=>? @A /68696 /6B6C@DE38D 38 FE4C3;6B3@8: Introduction copyright © %&&' Richard Pine. Pied Piper of lovers / Lawrence Durrell; Preface and annotations copyright edited and with an introduction by © %&&' James Gi(ord. James Gi(ord. )e right of Lawrence Durrell to be identi*ed as the author of this (+,- monograph series, work has been asserted by him in G--H &'%"-2I'! ; "") accordance with the Copyright, Originally published: London : Faber & Designs & Patents Act !"''. Faber, !"#2, under the pseudonym Charles Norden. +,- Editions Department of English Includes bibliographical references. University of Victoria G-.H "2'-!-$$&$'-#'!-I Victoria, ./, Canada 0'1 #1! ! Gi(ord, James, !"2J– www.elseditions.com G Title. GG Series. Founding Editor: Samuel L. Macey FKI&&2.L2IF# %&&' '%#’."!% General Editor: /%&&'-"&#%2#-M Luke Carson Book design by Jason Dewinetz. Printed in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior written consent of the publisher or a licence from )e Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency (Access Copyright). For an Access Copyright licence, visit www.accesscopyright.ca or call toll free to !–'&&–'"#–$222. Contents vii Editor’s Introduction — James Gi!ord "#$% "#&$' () *(+$', 1 Prologue 25 Book I 109 Book II 189 Book III 249 Epilogue 269 A!erword: An Unacknowledged Trilogy — James A. Brigham 277 Works Cited & Selected Bibliography Editor’s Introduction -./$, 0#))('% position in modern lit- *er.a1tu're$,2 p3a$rt i4cu5l'ar'ly$ 6in6 r7e(la6ti%on, t.o ,t8h'e .B#r2it$is%h Empire. -
Lawrence Durrell's Endpapers and Inklings 1933-1988 Volume
Lawrence Durrell’s Endpapers and Inklings 1933-1988 Volume Two Lawrence Durrell’s Endpapers and Inklings 1933-1988 Volume Two: Dramas, Screenplays, Essays, Incorrigibilia Edited by Richard Pine Lawrence Durrell’s Endpapers and Inklings 1933-1988, Volume Two: Dramas, Screenplays, Essays, Incorrigibilia Edited by Richard Pine This book first published 2019 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2019 by Beneficiaries of the Estate of Lawrence Durrell Introduction and Notes copyright © 2019 by Richard Pine All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-3898-2 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-3898-6 This book is dedicated with great respect, admiration and affection to Françoise Kestsman Lawrence Durrell, “a juvenile Buddha who has just stolen the cream”. An American friend, observing Durrell in Athens in 1975, noted: “Sombre eyes; sad eyes; still eyes, trying to sparkle. Trying, in fact, with sheer will, to care. Love. That is what is missing - among the many masks he wears, it is the one most transparent, most gargoylish, most foreign, most heart-rending - the one of love, for which he longs so much, and tries so hard.” (private collection) CONTENTS VOLUME TWO List of Illustrations ..................................................................................... ix Lawrence Durrell: A Brief Chronology ...................................................... xi Part Six: Durrell on Miller Introduction ................................................................................................ -
LAWRENCE DURRELL: the MINDSCAPE Also by Richard Pine
LAWRENCE DURRELL: THE MINDSCAPE Also by Richard Pine OSCAR WILDE THE DUBLIN GATE THEATRE *THE DANDY AND THE HERALD Manners, Mind and Morals from Brummell to Durrell BRIAN FRIEL AND IRELAND'S DRAMA WILDE AND IRISHNESS HOMECOMINGS Ireland and the Post-Colonial World *From the same publishers Lawrence Durrell: The Mindscape Richard Pine M St. Martin's Press © Richard Pine 1994 Previously unpublished material by Lawrence Durrell © estate of Lawrence Durrell1994 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1994 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published in Great Britain 1994 by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-1-349-23414-1 ISBN 978-1-349-23412-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-23412-7 First published in the United States of America 1994 by Scholarly and Reference Division, ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC., 175 Fifth A venue, New York, N.Y. 10010 ISBN 978-0-312-12157-0 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pine, Richard. -
Lawrence Durrell's Endpapers and Inklings 1933-1988 Volume
Lawrence Durrell’s Endpapers and Inklings 1933-1988 Volume One Lawrence Durrell’s Endpapers and Inklings 1933-1988 Volume One: Autobiographies, Fictions, Spirit of Place Edited by Richard Pine Lawrence Durrell’s Endpapers and Inklings 1933-1988, Volume One: Autobiographies, Fictions, Spirit of Place Edited by Richard Pine This book first published 2019 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2019 by Beneficiaries of the Estate of Lawrence Durrell Introduction and Notes copyright © 2019 by Richard Pine All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-3847-8 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-3847-4 This book is dedicated with great respect, admiration and affection to Françoise Kestsman Lawrence Durrell, “a juvenile Buddha who has just stolen the cream”. An American friend, observing Durrell in Athens in 1975, noted: “Sombre eyes; sad eyes; still eyes, trying to sparkle. Trying, in fact, with sheer will, to care. Love. That is what is missing - among the many masks he wears, it is the one most transparent, most gargoylish, most foreign, most heart-rending - the one of love, for which he longs so much, and tries so hard.” (private collection) CONTENTS List of Illustrations ..................................................................................... xi Preface ...................................................................................................... xiii Editorial Policy ......................................................................................... xvi Acknowledgements .................................................................................. xix Lawrence Durrell: A Brief Chronology ................................................... -
M. A. T H E S I S Art and 'The Artists in Lawrence Durrell
M. A. THESIS ART AND ' THE ARTISTS IN LAWRENCE DURRELL Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Departamento de Língua e Literatura Estrangeiras ART AND THE ARTISTS IN LAWRENCE DURRELL Tese submetida ã Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Letras CaríT^en Calciaí ? í rpín cie Hello Esta Tese foi julgada adequada para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Letras Especialidade LÍngua Inglesa e Literatura Correspondente e aprovada em sua forma final pelo Programa de Põs-Graduação Prof^ ^Ífomas Eddie Cowin, MA Orientador Prof. Paulino Vandresej/, PhD Integrador do Cu^so Apresentada perante a Comissão Examinadora composta dos pro- fessore: Prof. Thmias Eddie Cowin, MA Pres Prof/ John Bruce Derrick, PhD Prof. Arnold Seli Para . Flãvio, Sylvia e Pedro Agradecimentos à Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina pela oportunidade de me pos-graduar e de apresentar este ■ trabalho. Ao Professor Thomas Eddie Cowin pela extrema dedicação e pro fundo interesse com que me orientou. Aos demais professores que contribuiram para que esse trabalho pudesse ser realizado. ABSTRACT From Lawr'ence Durrell's first important novel,The Black Book (19 38) to his last one Monsieur or The Prince of Darkness(197U) artists are central characters who transmit Durrell's vision of art and life. Throughout the study of Durrell's theories of art, the development of his experimental techniques and the analysis of central themes in his work, Durrell's own position as an artist can be traced as well as the role of his artists in life. For Durrell, the artist is the one who imposes a pattern upon life by trying to rework reality, as Durrell also does by.