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V° Congreso Latinoamericano De Herpetología Programa ISSN 0797-0420 PUBLICACION EXTRA MUSEO NACIONAL DE HISTORIA NATURAL MONTEVIDEO-URUGUAY Número 50 1999 V° CONGRESO LATINOAMERICANO DE HERPETOLOGÍA 12 al 17 de diciembre de 1999 Facultad de Ciencias Montevideo Uruguay ORGANIZAN PATROCINAN PROGRAMA Y RESUMENES -V° Congreso Latinoamericano de Herpetología. Montevideo. 12 al 17 de diciembre de 1999- 23 LA IDEA DE BAUPLAN Y LA ANATOMIA CRANEAL DE ALGUNOS GRUPOS DE LAGARTOS. V. ABDALA. PRHERP. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Miguel Lillo 251. 4000. San Miguel de Tucumán. Argentina. El concepto de Bauplan se usa habitualmente para referirse a los patrones anatómicos que comparten las categorías taxonómicas mas inclusivas (phylum). Sin embargo puede utilizarse como sinónimo de patrón anatómico general. Con este sentido se vuelve un concepto sumamente útil para interpretar conjuntos de estructuras anatómicas que aparecen poco variables en taxa diferentes, pero relacionados. En este trabajo se analizan las estructuras miológicas y osteológicas del cráneo en distintos grupos de lagartos y se interpretan como patrones generales. Se plantean además algunas consecuencias que dicha interpretación podría tener para el trabajo con caracteres anatómicos en el planteo de hipótesis de filogenia. ANATOMÍA DE Euspondylus acutirostris (SQUAMATA: GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE) Y SU UBICACIÓN EN LOS 1 1 1 2 ESQUEMAS FILOGENÉTICOS ACTUALES. V. ABDALA , R. MONTERO , S. MORO & A. M IJARES-URRUTIA . 1Fac. de Cs. Naturales (UNT) e Instituto de Herpetología, (Conicet-FML), Miguel Lillo 251, 4000 - Tucumán, Argentina. 2 Universidad Francisco de Miranda, Santa Ana de Coro, Venezuela. El género Euspondylus ha sido considerado como un depósito de todos los microteidos que no pertenecen con seguridad a otros géneros. Por lo tanto existe una presunción de que el género puede ser no monofilético. Por este motivo cuando se analizan las relaciones filogenéticas de los Gymnophthalmidae, las especies de este género deberían ser siempre consideradas como taxones independientes como una forma de testar su monofilia. Se describe la osteología y miología craneales y hemipenes de Eusopondylus acutirostris. Se analizaron cráneos secos y transparentaciones. La miología se estudió con técnicas tradicionales macroanatómicas. Tanto la osteología como la miología de Euspondylus acutirostris es similar a la observada en otros Gymnophthalmidae y Teiidae. Sobre la base de los 26 caracteres definidos por Presch y los 15 definidos por Hoyos se reanalizan las matrices con el agregado de E. acutirostris. RELEVAMIENTO DE UN ENSAMBLE HERPETOLÓGICO EN EL MONTE DE LA PROVINCIA DE SAN 1 2 1 2 JUAN, ARGENTINA..J. C. ACOSTA & R. A. MARTORI . UNSJ. España 400, 5400, San Juan, Argentina. UNRC. 5800, Río Cuarto, Argentina. Desde octubre de 1998 a mayo de 1999 se realizó un relevamiento de la herpetofauna en un ambiente del Monte (San Juan, Argentina) con el objetivo de determinar la composición de la comunidad y describir el ciclo de actividad estacional de las especies. Se colocaron 77 trampas de captura viva tipo Barber dispuestas en transectas. Se establecieron dos categorías de capturabilidad para todo el período de estudio: F: Frecuentes (mas de 10 caídas) y PF: Poco frecuentes (menos de 10 caídas). De 187 días de trampeo mas las capturas manuales resultaron relevadas 15 especies. Se señalan las que fueron capturadas por trampas asignándoles la categoría correspondiente de capturabilidad: 1 anuro: Leptodactylidae: Pleurodema nebulosa (PF). 8 saurios: Polychrotidae: Leiosaurus catamarcensis (PF), Tropiduridae: Liolaemus olongasta (F), Liolaemus pseudoanomalus (PF), Liolaemus cuyanus (PF). Gekkonidae: Homonota fasciata (PF), Homonota borelli (PF), Homonota underwoodi (F). Teiidae: Cnemidophorus longicaudus (F). 6 serpientes: Leptotyphlopidae: Leptotyphops borrichiana (PF). Colubridae: Philodryas psammophideus, Pseudotomodon trigonatus. Elapidae: Micrurus pyrrhocryptus. Viperidae: Bothrops neuwiedi diporus, Bothrops ammodytoides. De un total de 196 individuos capturados por trampeo el 43% fueron L. olongasta, el 29% C. longicaudus, el 23% H. underwoodi y el 5% correspondió al resto de las especies El total de animales capturados por fecha no se relaciona con la cantidad de días de trampeo para cada una de ellas (R2=0.06; p>0.05; n=18). La proporción relativa y numerosidad de las especies capturadas varió con las estaciones, hubo un pico máximo de actividad en noviembre y diciembre de 1998, descendiendo gradualmente hasta el mes de junio de 1999. B 24 -V° Congreso Latinoamericano de Herpetología. Montevideo. 12 al 17 de diciembre de 1999- LOS ANUROS DE LOS BOSQUES NUBLADOS DEL PARQUE NACIONAL CARRASCO COCHABAMBA- BOLIVIA. C. R. AGUAYO VEDIA. C.U.E.M.A.D, Universidad Mayor de San Simon. Cochabamba, Bolivia, [email protected] Entre 1997 y 1998 se estudio la fauna anura de los bosques nublados y ceja de monte de los pisos bioclimáticos Mesotropical (2000-2800 msnm) y Supratropical (3000- 3500 msnm) del Parque Nacional Carrasco (PNC), Cochabamba, Bolivia. Con el fin de maximizar el esfuerzo de búsqueda, se combinaron varios métodos de monitoreo: inventario visual, transectos y trampas de barrera o “pitfall”. La composición de especies, abundancia, diversidad y uso de hábitat entre ambos pisos fue comparada. Se encontró un total de 23 especies distribuidas en cuatro familias y 10 géneros (Leptodactylidae [15], Bufonidae [4], Hylidae [3] y Centrolenidae [1]. Del total de especies, siete son endémicas del Parque y tres son especies no descritas. El efecto de piso (Mesotropical y Supratropical), época (húmeda y seca) y hábitat (bosque primario, bosque secundario, orilla fluvial) sobre índices de diversidad (Shannon– Weinner) fue evaluado mediante pruebas no paramétricas. Diferencias significativas en la diversidad de anuros por piso fueron evidentes en el análisis (H = 0.56, gl = 1, P = 0.0142) siendo mayores los índices en el piso Mesotropical. La mayor diversidad de anuros se encontró durante la época lluviosa, y la diferencia en diversidad entre estaciones es significativa (H=0.563, gl=1, P = 0.0176). La composición de especies vario entre hábitats: la diversidad de anuros en orilla fluvial y los otros dos hábitats difiere significativamente (H=0.807, gl=2, P = 0.017). A juzgar por el numero de especies nuevas encontradas durante este trabajo, futuros estudios en PNC podrían incrementar el número de especies presentado en este reporte. PARASITISMO POR Porocephalus stilesi (SAMBON, 1910)(PENTASTOMIDA) EM Lachesis muta rhombeata 1 1 2 WIED, 1824 (SERPENTES: VIPERIDAE). A. S. AGUIAR , E. C. N. RUBIÃO , O. M. P. BASTOS & A. R. 1 1 2 MELGAREJO . Instituto Vital Brazil, 24230-340 Niterói Universidade Federal Fluminense- Niterói-RJ- Brasil Lachesis muta (L. 1766) é uma espécie de difícil manutenção em cativeiro, principamente por causa de sérias infestações por pentastomídeos do gênero Porocephalus. Desde 1986, no Instituto Vital Brazil, vimos desenvolvendo a manutenção, reprodução e criação da subespécie da Mata Atlântica do Brasil (L. m. rhombeata). Realizamos necrópsias de 21 serpentes de diversas idades, onze delas procedentes da natureza, principalmente do Maciço da Pedra Talhada, Estado de Alagoas. Em 6 casos (50%) não foram encontrados pentastomídeos, mas nos 6 restantes foi constatada a infestação pelo Porocephalus stilesi, obtendo-se 96 exemplares (entre 4 e 34 por animal). Todos eles estavam alojados no pulmão das serpentes, com exceção de um que se encontrava na cavidade bucal. As outras 9 serpentes analisadas haviam nascido no serpentário, tinham idades de 0 a 5 anos, e comprimento total entre 500 e 1.850 mm; nenhuma apresentou pentastomídeos. Atualmente mantemos vivos, uma fêmea adulta capturada em 1989, outra capturada ainda neonato, em 1994, e mais uma fêmea e um macho adultos jovens, com um ano de cativeiro. Exames coprológicos periódicos mostram que os dois primeiros exemplares não eliminam ovos do parasita, enquanto os outros dois evidenciam infestação, eliminando poucos ovos. Os resultados permitem concluir que a infestação é produzida na natureza algum tempo depois do nascimento, certamente pela ingestão do hospedeiro intermediário. O fato de que neonatos oriundos da natureza e todos os nascidos em cativeiro sejam isentos do parasitismo, ressalta a importância de se implementar um programa de reprodução e criação no laboratório, propiciando um plantel saudável de serpentes para obtenção de veneno e produção de antiveneno. 1 BIOLOGÍA REPRODUCTIVA DE Hyla eximia (AMPHIBIA:HYLIDAE). X. AGUILAR MIGUEL & G. CASAS 2 1 2 ANDREU . Facultad de Ciencias, UAEM. [email protected] Facultad de Ciencias, UAEM. Instiuto de Biología, UNAM. [email protected] - Mexico. Los aspectos de Biología Reproductiva que se estudiaron fueron: el ciclo reproductivo, los factores extrínsecos que contribuyen a regular los aspectos reproductivos de la población, las principales características del modo reproductivo que presenta la especie, la descripción del desarrollo embrionario y los principales cambios morfológicos y morfométricos a nivel de morfología externa que se observan durante la metamorfosis. El presente trabajo se realizó en cuatro ciclos anuales (1994 a 1997), en condiciones naturales, y con algunos bioensayos en laboratorio. El periodo reproductivo, se presenta entre el mes de mayo y agosto, con un clímax reproductivo de un mes, comenzando los primeros días de junio y terminando los primeros días de julio. El ciclo reproductivo de H. eximia, muestra que los machos, presentan el proceso de espermatogénesis durante toda la temporada de reproducción, esto
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