DOCSLIB.ORG

Danish Resistance During the Holocaust by Hans Holmskov Schlüter 2007

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Danish Resistance During the Holocaust by Hans Holmskov Schlüter 2007 Name: Class: Danish Resistance During the Holocaust By Hans Holmskov Schlüter 2007 The events discussed in this informational text take place in the middle of World War II, after the Scandinavian countries of Denmark, Sweden and Norway declared that they would not take sides in the war. Despite this declaration, Germany invaded Denmark – and despite the still fresh memories and destruction of World War I, Denmark immediately resisted the invasion (as best as they could, since Germany far outnumbered them). Germany was a country that had broken a “we won’t mess with you” treaty— a country that had bullied other countries and their citizens, and had even used its military to kill thousands. This article describes one example of citizen-led resistance against the powerful country of Germany during WWII. As you read, take notes on the specific ways that the Danish people resisted the Nazis, and the impact this had on Jewish citizens. [1] On the morning of April 9, 1940, German forces crossed the border into neutral1 Denmark, in direct violation of a German-Danish treaty of non- aggression2 signed the previous year. […] Within the first years of the German occupation3, the Germans had often raised the question of the status of the Danish Jews. However, the Danish government had consistently refused to engage in any debate on the “Jewish question”4 as they insisted there existed no “Jewish question” in Denmark. […] As the war dragged on, the Danish population "Spectators at the former German headquarters in Copenhagen, destroying a swastika flag" is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0. became increasingly hostile5 to the Germans. Nazi soldiers stationed in Denmark had found most of the population cold and distant from the beginning of the occupation, but their willingness to cooperate had made the relationship workable. The Danish government had attempted to discourage sabotage6 and violent resistance to the occupation, but by the autumn of 1942 the number of violent acts of resistance were increasing steadily to the point that Germany declared Denmark “enemy territory” for the first time. 1. Neutral (adjective): not taking a side 2. Aggression (noun): violent behavior or attitudes toward another; readiness to attack or confront 3. Here, “occupation” refers to the act of taking over a territory by military force. 4. Meaning, the question of what to do about the Danish Jews 5. Hostile (adjective): very unfriendly; argumentative and possibly even violent 6. Sabotage (noun): the act of destroying or ruining something on purpose 1 [5] On August 29, 1943, Nazi SS7-General Werner Best declared martial law8 and demanded the introduction of capital punishment.9 Soon after, Best also decided to launch plans to arrest Jews. On September 8, he sent a telegram to Berlin: “The time has come to turn our attention to the solution of the Jewish question.” When final orders for the raid10 arrived from Berlin on September 28, Best informed his confidant,11 Georg Duckwitz, that Jews would be rounded up within two days, on the night between October 1 and 2. Duckwitz leaked the information to Danish politicians and the news spread like wildfire through friends, business acquaintances, and strangers wanting to help. Ordinary citizens all over the country offered refuge12 in churches, attics, and country homes, and residences. Complete strangers walked up to Jews on the street to offer keys to their apartment. Medical staff hid more than 1,000 Jews in Copenhagen13 hospitals. On the night of the raid, Germans only found 284 Jews out of almost 8,000 in the population. The Jews were smuggled out of Denmark by transporting them by sea over the Øresund14 from Zealand15 to Sweden, a passage of approximately 10 miles. Some were transported in large fishing boats of up to 20 tons, but others were carried to freedom in rowboats or kayaks. Some refugees were smuggled inside freight cars on the regular ferries between Denmark and Sweden, this route being suited for the very young or old who were too weak to endure a rough sea passage. The underground had broken into empty freight cars sealed by the Germans after inspection, helped refugees onto the cars, and then resealed the cars with forged16 or stolen German seals17 to forestall further inspection. Some of the fishermen assisting in the rescue charged money to transport Jews to Sweden, while others took payments only from those who could afford passage. Some profiteers took advantage of the confusion and fear during the early days of the escape, but as time passed, the Danish underground movement ousted18 them and took an active role in organizing the rescue and providing financing, mostly from wealthy Danes who donated large sums of money for the rescue. [10] During the first days of the rescue action, Jews swarmed into the many fishing harbors on the Danish coast for rescue, but the Gestapo19 became suspicious of activity around harbors (and on the night of October 1-2, eighty Jews were caught hiding in the loft of the church at Gilleleje, their hiding place betrayed by a Danish girl in love with a German soldier). Subsequent20 rescues had to take place from isolated21 points along the coast. While waiting their turn, the Jews took refuge in the woods and in cottages away from the coast, out of sight of the Gestapo. 7. SS stands for Schutzstaffel, Hitler’s paramilitary organization in Nazi Germany. 8. “Martial law” is when a military government takes over a country’s laws. 9. “Capital punishment” refers to the legally authorized killing of someone as punishment for a crime. 10. “Raid” refers to a sudden attack on an enemy by armed forces in a war. 11. Confidant (noun): a person with whom one shares a secret or private matter, trusting them not to repeat it to others 12. Refuge (noun): safe shelter 13. Copenhagen is the capital of Denmark. 14. Øresund is a narrow passage of water that forms the Danish–Swedish border. 15. Zealand is an island in Denmark. 16. Forged (adjective): fake; not the original 17. A German seal was an official marker or message of German ownership/presence. 18. Oust (verb): to drive out or remove (someone) from a position or place 19. The Gestapo was the official secret police of Nazi Germany. 20. Subsequent (adjective): later; coming after 21. Isolated (adjective): far away from other places, buildings, or people 2 In September 1943, the ‘Danish Freedom Council’ was created. This attempted to unify the many different groups that made up the Danish resistance movement. The council was made up of seven resistance representatives and one member of British Special Operations Executive (SOE). The resistance movement grew to over 20,000 and in the lead-up to D-Day,22 acts of sabotage markedly increased. Though the D-Day landings were to be in Normandy, SOE believed that the more German soldiers tied up elsewhere in Europe, the less that could be present in northern France. Therefore, the more acts of sabotage in Denmark, the more German troops would be tied down there. In 1944, the ‘Danish Freedom Council’ stepped up its efforts and more than 11 million copies of underground newspapers were published. That June, following a declared state of emergency, the entire city of Copenhagen went on strike.23 Infuriated, Germany flooded the city with troops, cut off water and electricity, and established a blockade.24 By July 2, 23 Danes had been killed and more than 203 were wounded. But the dauntless25 Danes persevered. Exasperated, the Germans abandoned these punitive measures by July. Later that fall, when the Germans tried to deport26 Danish police officials whom they believed were turning a blind eye27 to sabotage and disorder, Copenhagen went on strike again, joined this time by 58 other cities and towns. Unafraid of Gestapo arrests, civilians flocked to the resistance movement. Enrollment exceeded 45,000 at its highest point. In May 1945, war-ravaged Berlin succumbed28 to advancing Allied forces, prompting Germany to abandon Denmark altogether. "Danish Resistance During the Holocaust", © 2007, Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team. Reprinted with permission, all rights reserved. 20 Word Summary ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ 22. D-Day refers to June 6, 1944 – the day in which the Allied forces in World War II landed in Normandy, France, beginning the liberation of German-occupied northwestern Europe from Nazi control. 23. Strike (noun): the act of refusing to go to work as a way to protest something that is unfair 24. A blockade is the act of sealing off a place to prevent goods or people from entering or leaving. 25. Dauntless (adjective): fearless and determined 26. Deport (verb): to kick out a foreigner from a country (usually because they have committed a crime or are in the country illegally) 27. “Turning a blind eye” is an idiom that means pretending you didn’t see something (you did, but won’t admit it). 28. Succumb (verb): to give in; to fail at resisting something 3 Discussion Questions Directions: Brainstorm your answers to the following questions in the space provided. Be prepared to share your original ideas in a class discussion. 1. Why do you think Danish citizens risked, and sometimes lost, their lives in order to fight against the Nazi party/military – even if they weren’t Jewish themselves? Do you think you would have done the same? 2. This article features two acts of betrayal – Georg Duckwitz, who betrayed Nazi General Werner Best by leaking the raid information to the Danish government in order to help save the lives of thousands of Jews (paragraph 6); and the unnamed Danish girl, who betrayed her Jewish countrymen and women by giving away their hiding place to a German soldier with whom she was in love, resulting in the death of 80 Jews (paragraph 10).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • On the Threshold of the Holocaust: Anti-Jewish Riots and Pogroms In
    Geschichte - Erinnerung – Politik 11 11 Geschichte - Erinnerung – Politik 11 Tomasz Szarota Tomasz Szarota Tomasz Szarota Szarota Tomasz On the Threshold of the Holocaust In the early months of the German occu- volume describes various characters On the Threshold pation during WWII, many of Europe’s and their stories, revealing some striking major cities witnessed anti-Jewish riots, similarities and telling differences, while anti-Semitic incidents, and even pogroms raising tantalising questions. of the Holocaust carried out by the local population. Who took part in these excesses, and what was their attitude towards the Germans? The Author Anti-Jewish Riots and Pogroms Were they guided or spontaneous? What Tomasz Szarota is Professor at the Insti- part did the Germans play in these events tute of History of the Polish Academy in Occupied Europe and how did they manipulate them for of Sciences and serves on the Advisory their own benefit? Delving into the source Board of the Museum of the Second Warsaw – Paris – The Hague – material for Warsaw, Paris, The Hague, World War in Gda´nsk. His special interest Amsterdam, Antwerp, and Kaunas, this comprises WWII, Nazi-occupied Poland, Amsterdam – Antwerp – Kaunas study is the first to take a comparative the resistance movement, and life in look at these questions. Looking closely Warsaw and other European cities under at events many would like to forget, the the German occupation. On the the Threshold of Holocaust ISBN 978-3-631-64048-7 GEP 11_264048_Szarota_AK_A5HC PLE edition new.indd 1 31.08.15 10:52 Geschichte - Erinnerung – Politik 11 11 Geschichte - Erinnerung – Politik 11 Tomasz Szarota Tomasz Szarota Tomasz Szarota Szarota Tomasz On the Threshold of the Holocaust In the early months of the German occu- volume describes various characters On the Threshold pation during WWII, many of Europe’s and their stories, revealing some striking major cities witnessed anti-Jewish riots, similarities and telling differences, while anti-Semitic incidents, and even pogroms raising tantalising questions.
    [Show full text]
  • Vichy France and the Jews
    VICHY FRANCE AND THE JEWS MICHAEL R. MARRUS AND ROBERT 0. PAXTON Originally published as Vichy et les juifs by Calmann-Levy 1981 Basic Books, Inc., Publishers New York Contents Introduction Chapter 1 / First Steps Chapter 2 / The Roots o f Vichy Antisemitism Traditional Images of the Jews 27 Second Wave: The Crises of the 1930s and the Revival of Antisemitism 34 The Reach of Antisemitism: How Influential Was It? 45 The Administrative Response 54 The Refugee Crisis, 1938-41 58 Chapter 3 / The Strategy o f Xavier Vallat, i 9 4 !-4 2 The Beginnings of German Pressure 77 Vichy Defines the Jewish Issue, 1941 83 Vallat: An Activist at Work 96 The Emigration Deadlock 112 Vallat’s Fall 115 Chapter 4 / The System at Work, 1040-42 The CGQJ and Other State Agencies: Rivalries and Border Disputes 128 Business as Usual 144 Aryanization 152 Emigration 161 The Camps 165 Chapter 5 / Public Opinion, 1040-42 The Climax of Popular Antisemitism 181 The DistriBution of Popular Antisemitism 186 A Special Case: Algeria 191 The Churches and the Jews 197 X C ontents The Opposition 203 An Indifferent Majority 209 Chapter 6 / The Turning Point: Summer 1Q42 215 New Men, New Measures 218 The Final Solution 220 Laval and the Final Solution 228 The Effort to Segregate: The Jewish Star 234 Preparing the Deportation 241 The Vel d’Hiv Roundup 250 Drancy 252 Roundups in the Unoccupied Zone 255 The Massacre of the Innocents 263 The Turn in PuBlic Opinion 270 Chapter 7 / The Darquier Period, 1942-44 281 Darquier’s CGQJ and Its Place in the Regime 286 Darquier’s CGQJ in Action 294 Total Occupation and the Resumption of Deportations 302 Vichy, the ABBé Catry, and the Massada Zionists 310 The Italian Interlude 315 Denaturalization, August 1943: Laval’s Refusal 321 Last Days 329 Chapter 8 / Conclusions: The Holocaust in France .
    [Show full text]
  • Guides to German Records Microfilmed at Alexandria, Va
    GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXANDRIA, VA. No. 32. Records of the Reich Leader of the SS and Chief of the German Police (Part I) The National Archives National Archives and Records Service General Services Administration Washington: 1961 This finding aid has been prepared by the National Archives as part of its program of facilitating the use of records in its custody. The microfilm described in this guide may be consulted at the National Archives, where it is identified as RG 242, Microfilm Publication T175. To order microfilm, write to the Publications Sales Branch (NEPS), National Archives and Records Service (GSA), Washington, DC 20408. Some of the papers reproduced on the microfilm referred to in this and other guides of the same series may have been of private origin. The fact of their seizure is not believed to divest their original owners of any literary property rights in them. Anyone, therefore, who publishes them in whole or in part without permission of their authors may be held liable for infringement of such literary property rights. Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 58-9982 AMERICA! HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION COMMITTEE fOR THE STUDY OP WAR DOCUMENTS GUIDES TO GERMAN RECOBDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXAM)RIA, VA. No* 32» Records of the Reich Leader of the SS aad Chief of the German Police (HeiehsMhrer SS und Chef der Deutschen Polizei) 1) THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION (AHA) COMMITTEE FOR THE STUDY OF WAE DOCUMENTS GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXANDRIA, VA* This is part of a series of Guides prepared
    [Show full text]
  • The Legacy of the Danish Resistance in World War II
    The Bridge Volume 27 Number 1 Article 8 2004 The Legacy of the Danish Resistance in World War II Joy Ibsen Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/thebridge Part of the European History Commons, European Languages and Societies Commons, and the Regional Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Ibsen, Joy (2004) "The Legacy of the Danish Resistance in World War II," The Bridge: Vol. 27 : No. 1 , Article 8. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/thebridge/vol27/iss1/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Bridge by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. The Legacy of the Danish Resistance in World War II by Joy Ibsen Introduction When I first heard about this conference, I immediately thought of this topic, because I believe the Danish Resistance in World War II provides a legacy of critical importance. It is one which can be of help in guiding our way through today's murky social and political problems as we grapple with terrorist threats and moral issues confronting us in this new millennium. It is a story of special significance to all Danes and Danish-Americans. I have relied on several sources in developing this paper, and am especially indebted to an unpublished paper and interview with Immanuel Rodholm, my mother's cousin, who was born in Danevang, Texas, and who moved to Denmark as a young boy. Immanuel, or lb as he is called, has enjoyed a distinguished career.
    [Show full text]
  • The Culmination of the Lithuanian Partisan Movement by Vylius M
    Volume 11, 2009 Baltic Security & Defence Review “Forest Brothers” 1945: The Culmination of the Lithuanian Partisan Movement By Vylius M. Leskys* The conventional acceptance of the Lithuanian partisan movement against the Soviets from 1944 to 1953 typically delineates the effort into three stages according to distinguishable patterns of operations and centralization of effort (Kuodyte & Tracevskis, 2006:34). Operationally, however, the Lithuanian resistance fought by the “forest brothers” (Ibid., p. 17) may be more clearly divided by defining the unacknowledged culmination that occurred in 1945—a point when overwhelming Soviet combat power caused a decline in partisan capabilities that continued until the conflict’s final demise in 1953. Although the resistance effort maintained its strength ideologically, the Lithuanian partisan movement never recovered from the culminating point because of a shortfall in resources, a lack of external support, and the inability of resistance leadership to adapt rapidly enough against a comprehensive Soviet assimilation campaign. Cold War delineation of the Lithuanian partisan movement generally divided the war into two stages, “four years of strength (1944-48) and four of gradual decline (1949-1952).” (Vardys, 1965:85) With the elucidation provided by previously classified documents of the NKVD (People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs), the generally accepted post-Cold War division of the partisan movement is segmented into three stages: 1) July 1944-May 1946, 2) May 1946-Nov 1948, and 3) Nov 1948-May 1953. The first period encompassed the years of “victory and romanticism” when partisans “would gather in the hundreds in the forests and arrange well- fortified camps” to plan large scale attacks against the Soviets (Kuodyte & Tracevskis, 2006:36).
    [Show full text]
  • Theory in Nazi Occupied Denmark Katherine Greenwood [email protected]
    Seton Hall University eRepository @ Seton Hall Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs) Spring 5-2016 “Not With an Iron Fist, But With a Velvet Glove”: The Go‘ od Germans’ Theory in Nazi Occupied Denmark Katherine Greenwood [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.shu.edu/dissertations Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Greenwood, Katherine, "“Not With an Iron Fist, But With a Velvet Glove”: The Good‘ Germans’ Theory in Nazi Occupied Denmark" (2016). Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs). 2192. https://scholarship.shu.edu/dissertations/2192 “Not With an Iron Fist, But With a Velvet Glove”: The ‘Good Germans’ Theory in Nazi Occupied Denmark By Katherine Greenwood Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree: Master of Arts Department of History Seton Hall University May 2016 © 2016 Katherine Greenwood Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter I: “On principle we will do our utmost to make the operation appear as a peaceful occupation.” ................................................................................................................................. 3 Chapter II: “The canary bird of a murderer.” .............................................................................. 11 Chapter III: “I gather a situation
    [Show full text]
  • Ideological Conflict Between Soviet Partisans, the German Military, and Ukrainian Nationalists in Nazi-Occupied Ukraine David L
    Student Publications Student Scholarship Spring 2016 Battle for the eople:P Ideological Conflict between Soviet Partisans, the German Military, and Ukrainian Nationalists in Nazi-Occupied Ukraine David L. Heim Gettysburg College Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/student_scholarship Part of the Ethnic Studies Commons, European History Commons, Military History Commons, Political History Commons, and the Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. Heim, David L., "Battle for the eP ople: Ideological Conflict between Soviet Partisans, the German Military, and Ukrainian Nationalists in Nazi-Occupied Ukraine" (2016). Student Publications. 440. https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/student_scholarship/440 This is the author's version of the work. This publication appears in Gettysburg College's institutional repository by permission of the copyright owner for personal use, not for redistribution. Cupola permanent link: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/student_scholarship/ 440 This open access student research paper is brought to you by The uC pola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The uC pola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Battle for the eople:P Ideological Conflict between Soviet Partisans, the German Military, and Ukrainian Nationalists in Nazi-Occupied Ukraine Abstract Soviet historiography discusses the People’s War during the Second World War, the idea that all of the Soviet people rallied to the cause and fought off the aN zi invaders, but this is far from the truth. Within the western borderlands of the Soviet Union multiple conflicting groups fought for control of and support from the people.
    [Show full text]
  • Bentley, Caitlin Accepted Thesis 12-04-15 Fa 15.Pdf
    Read all instructions first and then perform each step in this order. 1. Select File/Save As menu options to save this document (name it: Last, First MM-DD-YY) to your computer disk. 2. Open Word and this file. The file opens in Protected Mode. Type title above in the gray box as instructed and tab to next field (see instructions in each gray field and in the status bar). Tab and answer all questions until you return back to the title above. 3. Please scroll to and read Chapter 1 to learn how to unprotect this document. Once the document is unprotected the gray fields will continue to display on the screen, but will not print or convert to the PDF file. Fields can then also be modified if needed. 4. Once the document is Unprotected, scroll to Chapter 2 to read about the automatic Table of Contents, Heading Styles, Tables, Figures, References, and Appendices. 5. To remove this box, click it, point to outer gray hash marks until you see the Move icon, click to select, and press Delete key. Linking Communications: the Philippine Regional Section of the Allied Intelligence Bureau's Operations in the Occupied Islands,1942-1945 A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts Caitlin T. Bentley December 2015 © 2015 Caitlin T. Bentley. All Rights Reserved. 2 This thesis titled Linking Communications: The Philippine Regional Section of the Allied Intelligence Bureau's Operations in the Occupied Islands,1942-1945 by CAITLIN T.
    [Show full text]
  • The Polish Resistance Movement in Second World
    Bridgewater Review Volume 4 | Issue 1 Article 6 Apr-1986 The oliP sh Resistance Movement in Second World War Chester M. Nowak Bridgewater State College Recommended Citation Nowak, Chester M. (1986). The oP lish Resistance Movement in Second World War. Bridgewater Review, 4(1), 4-7. Available at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/br_rev/vol4/iss1/6 This item is available as part of Virtual Commons, the open-access institutional repository of Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts. The Polish Resistance Movem.ent in the Second World War Chester M. Nowak he European Resistance Movement duals formed clandestine groups which ing German property. Individually these T provides us with one of the more shaped their own goals and activities. It is activities may have seemed unimportant, engaging and captivating stories of the here within the nature and the dynamics of but in their totality they had a positive Second World War, and the Polish Resis­ these early secret organizations that we find impact upon the Poles and made the Ger­ tance Movement has a central place in that the source of the variety and complexity of mans feel unwelcomed and insecure. story. Yet, the history and the struggles of both the resistance organizations and their Political parties of all persuasions also the Polish Resistance are not well known. clandestine activities. In Poland this spon­ went underground. They published their Few people are aware, therefore, of the taneous aspect ofresistance in its scope and own presses and journals and formed their Polish Underground's reports about the intensity soon reached the level ofa revolu­ own military detachments.
    [Show full text]
  • Extreme Right Transnationalism: International Networking and Cross-Border Exchanges
    Gale Primary Sources Start at the source. Extreme Right Transnationalism: International Networking and Cross-Border Exchanges Paul Jackson Senior Lecturer in History, University of Northampton Various source media, Political Extremism and Radicalism in the Twentieth Century EMPOWER™ RESEARCH While many historians have devoted themselves to forms of anti-fascism: divisions within the left. The examining the dynamics of fascist movements and Italian Communist Party was also formed at this time, regimes, the topic of ‘anti-fascism’ has traditionally and while initially supportive of the Arditi del Popolo, been neglected. However, historians and other later it instructed its members to withdraw their academics are now starting to take greater interest in engagement. The Arditi del Popolo was shut down by the study of those who opposed nationalist and racist the Italian state by 1924, while the Italian Communist extremists, and are developing new approaches to Party was itself banned from 1926. Splits within the understanding these complex cultures. Some, such as left have often been a characteristic of anti-fascist Nigel Copsey, have been concerned with developing politics, and in Italy during the 1920s such anti- sober, empirical accounts, exploring left-wing, centre fascists were driven by competing ideas on how to and even right-wing forms of anti-fascism, presenting develop an anti-capitalist revolution. In this case, the it as a heterogeneous politicised identity. Others, such issue helped to foster discord between a more as Mark Bray, have been more concerned with eclectic and anarchist variant of anti-fascism and a developing unapologetically partisan readings of the more centralised Communist version.
    [Show full text]
  • Book Review: the Extreme Right in the French Resistance: Members of the Cagoule and Corvignolles in the Second World War by Valerie Deacon Eric Martone
    International Social Science Review Volume 94 | Issue 1 Article 8 Book Review: The Extreme Right in the French Resistance: Members of the Cagoule and Corvignolles in the Second World War by Valerie Deacon Eric Martone Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.northgeorgia.edu/issr Part of the Anthropology Commons, Communication Commons, Economics Commons, Geography Commons, International and Area Studies Commons, Political Science Commons, and the Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons Recommended Citation Martone, Eric () "Book Review: The Extreme Right in the French Resistance: Members of the Cagoule and Corvignolles in the Second World War by Valerie Deacon," International Social Science Review: Vol. 94 : Iss. 1 , Article 8. Available at: https://digitalcommons.northgeorgia.edu/issr/vol94/iss1/8 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by Nighthawks Open Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Social Science Review by an authorized editor of Nighthawks Open Institutional Repository. Martone: Book Review: The Extreme Right in the French Resistance Deacon, Valerie. The Extreme Right in the French Resistance: Members of the Cagoule and Corvignolles in the Second World War. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2016. x + 230 pages. Hardcover, $45.00. The French Third Republic, established following defeat in the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871), launched an era of change for the French political right, which emerged as a loose collection of movements, individuals, and ideas (including protest, xenophobia, anti-Semitism, anti-socialism/communism, anti-parliamentarianism, a stronger central government, and often anti-German sentiments). Several fascist or fascist-like organizations developed, and the rise of leagues, like the Ligue des Patriotes, became common.
    [Show full text]
  • The Austrian Resistance 1938–1945 This Book Was Produced with Support from the Zukunftsfonds Der Republik Österreich / Future Fund of the Republic of Austria
    Wolfgang Neugebauer The Austrian Resistance 1938–1945 This book was produced with support from the Zukunftsfonds der Republik Österreich / Future Fund of the Republic of Austria. City of Vienna - Cultural Department, Science and Research Promotion Bibliographical information of the German National Library The German National Library has registered this book in the German National Bibliography; detailed bibliographical data is accessible on the Internet under http://dnb.ddb.de. Edition Steinbauer All rights reserved © Edition Steinbauer GmbH Vienna 2014 This book is a translation by John Nicholson and Eric Canepa of Wolfgang Neugebauer’s Der österreichische Widerstand 1938–1945 (Edition Steinbauer, 2008) in a revised version including the following new sections and chapters: Introduction, section 3; XIV.1; IV and XIII. Nicholson: Introduction, Chapters III–IV, VIII–XIII, XVIII–XIX, and general editing; Canepa: Chapters I–II, V–VII, XIV–XVII. Cover design: D&K Publishing Service Typography and layout: typothese.at / Matthäus Zinner Printed in Austria by Druckerei Theiss GmbH ISBN: 978-3-902494-66-5 Wolfgang Neugebauer The Austrian Resistance 1938–1945 Translated from the German by John Nicholson and Eric Canepa The Dachau Song The Dachau Song of September 1938 was the creation of two Viennese inmates, Jura Soyfer (words) and Herbert Zipper (music). The refrain ‘Arbeit macht frei’ was an allusion to the motto affixed to the concentration camp gates. Both Soyfer and Zipper were subsequently transferred to KZ Buchenwald, where Soyfer perished in 1939, while Zipper was released and survived the war to pen the English translation quoted here. Das Dachaulied Stacheldraht, mit Tod geladen, Schlepp den Stein und zieh den Wagen, Ist um unsre Welt gespannt.
    [Show full text]