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iesqz/i COPY NO. llKLESSIF|E0 TATE-ARMY-NAVY-AIR FORCE COORDINATING COMMITTEE BANAGG SG4 G REVIEW OF SAMACC STUDI B PERTAINING TO P YGHOLOGIGAL WARFARE te b the Seoretar e Holders of SAMACG SO4/15 are requested to make the foIIov- ing ohanges therein: a. Substitute the attaohed revised oover page for the one oontained thereon. Substitute the attaohed revised page SV for ths one oontalned therein; and dtistroy the superseded pages by burning. H. W. NOSELEY W. A. SGHULOEN J. B. CRESAP V. F. FIELD Seoretariat l/KLhSSiHM '&08/z 2— Nses sole fQK ~~~I.il~j,j lllllLNSfF fEO REviEw CE BIBB!cd..sTUDIEs PERTAIRIKG COMMITTEE :m~r' omm 1 . To provide briof of s demshopmes work to date, QW ~ ''of Q FF', ths RSELc suboommittes 'for spe'oial and . ' studies Evaluations Ag I, (PsyohologioaX Warfare) ~ yg DXSCUSSIOS ' 2. International trends indioate. the desirability of malc- ing available to appropriate offioials and pertinent government agenoiss a summary of the results of SANJLCC studies to date in 45 the field of psyoholomioal warfare With this in'view the on- olosure, eRsvisw of %CACO Studio~ Pertaining to Psyoholomioal e 0 Warfare", has been prepared by ths' Suboommittee for Speoial Studies and Evaluations on its owSS initiative ,A RECOMGEIDXTIOW 3i The SJIKLC Suboommittee fox' Speoial Studies and Evaluations ')e DEClASSIFIED S i@AV sD~, ~ I llKLkHSIFIE0 NARa Oee )PI. f is& ~'I&/ rioonnaids IIIIQ.ASSIFI ~t that the sno1osura, vie» of S~tuddias Pertain+ auL :'fiick to.~'yohoiogloal. Warfare", , .to j5i49&t' government iganoiasyoyrasanted on the National Sao~itg Oounoli@ Vg IIIIIlLASSIFIEII '"f08'(s 2 NARs. Oso -NAVY-AIB FOBC COOBDINATING 0 T EW OF SANACC T I T NING 0 PSYCHOLOGI WAB ABE Beferenoe: C SO4 Series te b t Seo tari The attaohed report and 1ts enclosure, prepared by the State-Army-Navy-Air Foroe CoordinatinE Subcommittee for Special Studies and Evaluations, on its own 1nitiative, are oiroulated to the Comm1ttee for information, H. W MOSELEY W, A. SCHULGEN J B CBESAP V. F. FIELD Seoretariat UNGLABSIF8 ~SAIUICG Xl 1 (Bevised 85 July 1948) FO'0' NARa Daa ILASSIFIN, „,„„ QF NACC STUDIES PER ININO TO PSYCHOLOGICAL.WARFARE e t t e c ee S e a tud1e a d Evaluati n ~eiE aaea l. To prov1ds a histozioal backgzound and brief of the wozk to date of' the SANAO Subcomm1ttee for Speo1al Studies and Evaluations {Psychological Warfare) . ~~UION 8. International trends indicate the des1rability of making available to appropriate officials and peztinent government agencies a summary of' the results of SANACC studies to date 1n the field of psychological warfaze. With this in view the enclosure, "Review of SANAGC Stud1es Perta1ning to Psychological Warfare", has been pz spared by the Suboommittee for Spec1al Stud1ss and Evaluat1ons on 1ts own init1at1ve. at'eeaeaaeet'tee 5. The SNAG Bu'bcommittee for Speoial Stud1es and Evalua- t1ons z eoommends that the enclosuz e, ttREVIEW OF SANACG STUDIES PERTAINING TO PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE", bs circulated to ths StateMrmy-Navy-Air Force Coordinating Committee for 1nformat1on. VNCI. ASSlFH QA~NACC '~O 87— (Revised S3 July 1948) Nasa Date {{V&mZ/(; ILIISSIHM ENCLOSURE REVIEW OF SANACC STUDIES PERTAININC TO PSYCHOLOGICAL VARF Ref cranes; 304 Ser1es 1. On 5 March 1946 Secretary of Var (Robert P. Pattez'son) in a letter to the Secretazy of Navy {James Forrestal) suggested that a gzoup of qualif1ed persons, both oiv111an and militaryf plan and dirsot a study Oi' psychological wsrfsz e in order to 1mprove the organization and methods 1'or 1'uture nat1onsl use of psychologioal warfare. 2 On 22 March 1946 the Seozetsry of Navy, in z eply to the Becretaz'y of Waz' s suggest1on, recommended that the Department of Stats (Off1ce of International Information and Cultural Affairs) should engage in the proposed study. Ths Secretary of Navy furtnez suggested that the Jo1nt Staff Planners of the Joint Chiefs of Staff were the propez agency for coordination of Army-Navy interests 1n psychologlcsl warfare. Subsequent to the foregoing exohange of letters, the Jo1nt Staff Planners appointed sn ad hoc Committee to study and z epoz t on the future status of military psychologicsl warfare. Tb1s ad hoc Comm1ttee was direoted to review World War ZZ efforts in military psycholog1oal warfare snd recommend: 1 tl ~111 1 1 1 1 1 111- tery psyoholog1cal warfare 1n a ready-for-mob111zat1on status) 1 1 t ~lit 1 1* 1 f it f tive planning, coord1nat1on and 1mplemsntation of military psyohologioal warfare in the armed servioes and the inte- grat1on oi" nat1onal psyohologioal warfare with m1litary plans. 4. On 4 June 1946 a memormzdum (SWNCC 604) by the Assistant Seoretary of the Navy foz Air (John L. Sullivan) to SWNCC recom- mended that an sd. hoo Committee be appo1nted to study and z sport Enclo sur e "vO8~/2 2- NARa oslt INCLASSIFIN on the future status o'1' psychological warfare. The Assistant Secretary's memorandum went on to ssyz "As sn appz cash to the Committee's problem, I oons1der 1t msy be assume4 that futuze national psycholog1cal waz fare effort will oontinus undez non-military control, and that 1ntegration. of the nitional effort with m111tsry plans will be x eguisite so as to assist and not to intsxz"ere w1th those pleas. With this assumpt1on, it is proposed that the Committee be directed to z ev1ew World War ll efforts in peyohologioal warfare, and recommend: "a. eacet1me ox' anization for ')xespinB psyoho- logicnl warfare 1n a re - or-mobilisat1on status; "b. wart1me s chol ical warfare or an1saticn; both organ1zations to be assigned such directives as will 1nsure effsotivs planning, ooordination and. implementation, psrt1oulazly with respect to the 1nte- grat1on of national psychological warfare with militazy plans. " B. The ad hoo Commi. ttee (constitute4 as a result of para- graph 4 above) z ecommended that the SWNCC approve a Chartaz. (Appendix "A" to SMNCC B04jl, dated BO April 194'7), establ1shing a BubcoLmzittee on psychologicsl warfare as the agency of BMNCC charge4 w1th; a. Pz'epsration of nat1onsl plans and 1mplement1ng 41reo- t1ves relat1ng to the employment of psycholog1csl warfare 1n t1ne of wsr (or threat of wsr as determined by the Pz'esident), an4 for trnnsm1ssion oz' subJect plans to SWNOC. b. Preparation of plans for ordezly and efz'ective organizational tz'cnsition of the Su'bcomn1ttee from peacetime to waz'time status, an4 for transm1ss1on of these plans to SWN CC. o. Ooord1nat1on of implementation of approved plans and directives as epeoif1ed 1n a, pl seeding, 1n the absenoe of a national wcz t1me organization for psyoholog1cal warfare. d. Guidance nnd supply of neoesscry information, includ- ing implement1ng z ezxuirenents therez'or, concerning national psychologioal warfare plans to sppropr1ate polioy off1ces of the State, Waz and Navy Departments, and to the Dizeotor of Oentz'el Intelligence, cnd to authorised coordinat1ng agencies of other departments of the govsznment of the United Stat'es. II'MSIFiEfI + v~z) S. SWHCC 504/I, as amend. ed. by SWNCC S04/2, dated BO Apr11 1947 outlined. the following policlesz a. Psyohological warfare 1s sn essent1al factor in the aoh1evemsnt of national aims snd m111tary obJeotives in time oi' wsr, or threat of war as determ1ned by the Pres1dent. b. The Department of State has pri. mary intez est 1n psychologioal wsrfsz'e polioy determination wh1oh sff sots the foreign policy of the United States. o. The armed ssrv1oes have a v1tal intez est in psycho- logioal waz'fare polioy determination which affeots the national secur1t'y and the cozziuot of m111tary operations of the UD1ted States. d. Appropriate agenc1es of the government will be required to sss1st in wartime implementation of approved psyohological warfare plans. e. Plans and direotives for psychological warfare which are to be implemented 1n actual or proJected m111tary areas, theatres, or commands will'be transmitted by raoid communi- cat1on, to the Military Commanders concerned by the Joint Ch1efs of Staff only. f. ihe 1mplementction of approved plans and d1reotives for psycholog1oal warfare in actual or proJeoted. miJAtery areas, theatres, or commands will be the responsibil1ty solely of the Commanders concerned. 7. BWWCC 304/1 also drew attent1on to oertain aspects of psyohclog1oal weri'sz e praotices 1n Woz ld Var II whioh reliuire study and solution (BWNCC B04/ia page 14, lb, Appendix aB") as follows: a. Coord1nat1on of OBS "black" and OWI "wh1te" plans and opezations at the Washington level rema1ned on a bes1s of 1nformal oooperation, which did not always result in oooz dination. BAWACC B0 IB 90- Enolosul 6 ( Phyll. ~ wmssiFB 'b. The nat1onsl psychologioal organization was such that thez'e was duplication of effort, competition for ava1lable supplies of personnel, slow and limited ooordina- t1on end. .integration 1nto the maJor m111tsry, politioal 'and soonomio programs of ths government. o. D1z'eotivss overseas were subJeot to delays 1n tran'sm1ssion wh1ch often negated their use d Military Theatre Commanders reoeived psyohological warfare diz eotives from OSS and OWI. 8. In ite analysis of factors bearing on ths formation of a Psychological Warfare Organization, the ad. hoc Comm1ttee oons1dered the following: (SWWCC 504/I, page 18, Append1x "B") a. The exist1ng peacetime organizations w1th1n the govexnmental struoturs which axe charged w1th informat1on responsi'b1lit1es and which might be integzated, at least in part, into a wsrt1me orgsnizat1on for psychological war fax'e. b. Personnel in the foregoing organ1zations who have experienoe 1n psychologicsl warfare and, who might be assigned to pos1t1ons within the wartime organizations. 9. In the development of an orgsn1zation for wartime preparedness in psychologioal warfare, the ad. hoc Comn1ttes cons1dezcd the following as fundamental pr1nc1plee: (SWNCC 804/I, page 18, Append1x uBe) The State Department hae primary intez est in the foreign policy aspects.