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Duke’s Handbook of Medicinal of Latin America

James A. Duke, Mary Jo Bogenschutz-Godwin, Andrea R. Ottesen

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Publication details https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 James A. Duke, Mary Jo Bogenschutz-Godwin, Andrea R. Ottesen Published online on: 24 Oct 2008

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Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Common Names: Common Notes: Synonyms: Illustrations: (Ic.; Phuong KAB); Hoa (Ic.; Kim WO2); (Kan.; KAB); Komari (Ma.; JFM); Krerekrere Kenjigaegidda (Ma.; JFM); WO2); (Kan.; Kanzinkin Kenjige Phuong KAB); (Kan.; Kim (Bel.; AAB); M Jambu Sen (Bol.; Sisal (Sp.; DLZ); Huaika Sisa RAR); Huaita (Sp.; EGG; RAR); Irritación EGG; del (Guat.; Espanto AVP; JTR); Hoja deSen(Cr.; AVP; JTR); Hojasen (Ca.; LWW); Hojas WO2); KAB; WO2);(Hindi; (Hindi; Gulutura H LWW;JTR; RyM); (Nic.; Pequeña Guacamaya JTR); Guayacan (Bol.; DLZ); Guletura (Guat.; LWW);Gallito JTR; (Guj.; Galtora WO2); Guacamaya (Cuba; Guat.; Nic.; Sal.; (Creole;Franciyann VOD); Haiti; Frijol (Sp.; SOU); EGG; (Fr.; Fromboyan Frances RAR); AVP); Rouges (Haiti; AHL);à Fleurs (Haiti; Francillane Franciyad (Creole; VOD); Haiti; AVP); (Haiti; LWW); AHL); Jaunes (Haiti; Francillade Francillade àFleurs Francillade JFM; (Col.; Florito JTR); MAX); AVP; Flower-Fence (Mex.; Francisco (Eng.; San de Ocn.; Flor AH2; JTR); JTR; UPW; JFM; USN); (Col.; Pavo Flower-Fencede Poinciana (Eng.; (Guat.; delaVirgen JTR); Flor (Bel.; deGucamaya Flor (Ma.; JFM; JFM); BNA); Flor (Col.; AVP; Peru; (Mex.; JTR); EGG; LWW; deCamarón Flor deChapa Flor MAX); AHL); JaunesKAB); (Haiti; (Guat.; Barbona Flor Fleurs LWW); Sal.; JTR; deÁngel Flor dePaon (Fwi.; AVP);Fleur ’Espanya Fleur (Fwi.; AVP); (Fr.; AVP; duParadis Fleur (Ic.; KAB); Fèy Sousi (Creole; VOD); Haiti; Flower (Bel.; Flambeau BNA; AAB; LWW); AVP); (Eng.; Poinciana LWW; Dwarf USN); (Guat.; Lobos Fang Espanta Ham JFM); Ta (Ic.; KAB); Dok Fan (Ic.; KAB); (Pr.; Do(Bwi.; Doodle Dul Usa.; Dul Ma.; JFM); LWW);JTR; Clavellina Colorado (Ven.; AVP; LWW); KAB); Diep Daungsop (Burma; Clavelina(Ma.; (Pr.; JFM); Sp.; LWW); Clavellina (Col.; Cr.; Pr.; Cuba, Sal.; Sp.; AVP; (Guat.; AVP); (Bel.; (Mex.; Chink-In Maya; MAX); AAB); Chinchemalinche Ciriguanita deJesus Chagas (Por.;MAX); AVP); (Mex.; Chamol AVP); (Malaya; IHB); Chana Chapa (Mex.; (Mex.; JFM; JTR); (Mex.; Chacikin Chaczinkin MAX); Chacamalxóchitl MAX); (Sp.; Carzaza JFM); AVP); LWW); (Dor.; JTR; Chacaloxóchitl AHL; Carzazo (Mex.; KAB); Cacasúchit (Bel.; (Mex.; Cansic (Bel.; Maya; MAX); BNA; AAB; Canzinkin JFM); LWW); Flower Bird NPM); of Bas (Nepal; (Eng.; Paradise Phul LWW); (Pi.; Caballero Barbados Pride (Eng.; KAB; USN); Barbón (Sal.; JTR; LWW); Barbona Rofa (Nic.; 1997). Voeks, Candomblé religion (VOD quoting Afro-Brazilian the in deity Oxum the with Associated pulcherrima Poinciana fig(LWW); 369 (KAB) pl 346 PRIDE-OF-BARBADOS ( PRIDE-OF-BARBADOS ě .(basionym);(USN). fide L. rak (Malaya; IHB); (Ic.; Meas Gok rak (Bel.; Kan KAB); Kansik AVP); Caesalpinia pulcherrima FABACEAE C ā ng Nok Y Nok ng ū ng IHB); Tai Hierba (Thai; (L.) Sw.) ++ Sw.) (L.) 139 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 140 Indications: Activities: MAX; VOD); VOD); NPM; JFM; (f; IHB); AAB; Diarrhea Enterosis (f; WO2); Erysipelas (f; JTR; JFM; VOD);JFM; Convulsions (f; WO2); (f; Coughs (f; Dermatosis NPM); JFM; DLZ; EGG; (f;era KAB); Colds (f; Conjunctivosis JFM); (f; Constipation NPM); (f; MAX; EGG; X14531033); (1; Cancer, oral X14531033); (f; Canker VOD); (f; WO2); JTR; Catarrh Chol- SKJ; VOD); (f1; Cancer WO2); KAB; Cancer, (1; breast X14531033); Cancer, lung (1; X12193012; X16730921); Biliousness (f; VOD); (f; Bleeding EGG); Bronchosis (f; (f;Amenorrhea VOD); (f; Angina PIO); (f; (1; Asthma SKJ); Bacteria WO2; AAB; Tonic (f; PIO); Tumor-Promoter (1; (f; AAB); Vulnerary AHL). JTR); Purgative (f; VOD); Sudorific AHL; (f; VOD); (1;TNF-alpha-Inhibitor X15893896); (1; X15893896); (1; Laxative (f; NO-Inhibitor JFM); EGG; X15893896); Piscicide (f; DAV; gicide (1; WO2; X12193012); Gram(+)-icide (1; WO2); (f; Hemostat EGG); IL-12-Inhibitor VOD); MAX; nagogue (f; JTR; (f; JFM; Febrifuge DAV; EGG); Fetotoxic (f; EGG); Fun- (f;Bechic VOD); AHL; (f; DAV); Cathartic (1; Cytotoxic WO2); (f; Emetic DLZ); Emme- X12837746); (f; Astringent IHB); (1; Bactericide WO2; AAB; X12193012; X16730921); (1;septic WO2); (1; Antitubercular X14531033); Antitussive (f; (1; EGG); Antiviral WO2; cer, (1; oral X14531033); (1; AntiHIV X12837746); (1; X15893896); Antiinflammatory Anti- WO2);KAB; (1; breast Anticancer, X14531033); lung Anticancer, (1; X14531033); Antican- (f;Abortifacient DAV; (f; (1; EGG); Anthelmintic Anticancer MAX); JTR; JFM; EGG; TurayiJFM); (Tel.; (Jam.; KAB); Senna Wild AVP). Tuturutu (Ma.; JFM); (Mal.; KAB); Thurai (Tel.; Tabaquino (Mex.;Tabaquin JFM); (Ma.; JTR); Tachino JTR); (Mex.; JTR); Techimandaram (Mex.; NAD); Amarillo Tabachin LWW); AH2; Sp.; Ti Ocn.; Ponpon (Mex.; Tabachin JTR); (Mex.; (Creole; Haiti; VOD); (Tam.; (Bar.; KAB); Jam.; Carnations LWW); Spanish KAB; Sirumayirkonrai Tabachill Toetoeroetoe (Ma.; (Tel.;Sidheshwara KAB); (Sanskrit; Sinnaturayi (Mex.; Daniqua JTR); KAB); Sirina WO2); (Guj.; Shankasur WO2); KAB); KAB); (Sanskrit; Sidhakhya (Sanskrit; Sidhanasha (Guj.; KAB; (Mal.; Sandhesharo WO2); KAB; Settimandaram Rosa Santa (Ma.; JFM); Tam.; Sanskrit; (Kan.; Tel.; Tulu; NAD; DEP; KAB; WO2); (Pi.; RosasKAB); Caballero WO2); (Eng.; (Tripura; Scn.;Pride-of-Barbados USN); AH2; Radhachura Ratnagandhi Phuong (Ic.; Hoang Chang KAB); AVP; (Fwi.; Poincillade AHL; Haiti; UPW); JTR; WOI); (Eng.; Paradise-Flower USN); Ocn.; AH2; Peacock Flower (Eng.; FAC; WOI); (Fr.; WO2); (Sanskrit; deChine Padangam UPW); Orgueil (Tel.; Pamiditangedu KAB; SKJ); (Nic.; Molinche KAB; AVP); (Tam.; Nalal WO2); KAB; Nok Yãng IHB); Tai (Thai; WO2);(Mal.; (Tam.; NAD); Mayilkonnai (Tam.; (Tam.; Mayirkonrai KAB); Mayuram (Mex.; LWW); Moreña (Mex.; Maravilla (Tam.; JTR); Mayikonrai WO2); Mayilkonna (Fwi.; AVP); His.; AHL; (Cr.; Malinche AVP); LWW); (; Maravilla Maravilha DEP; (Oriya; NAD); WO2); (Ben.; KAB; Sanskrit; Krishnochuda Krishnachura Macata Worms (f; WO2); EGG; Wounds (f; VOD). AHL; (1; X14531033); Vaccinia (1; (1; (f; VD Viruses UPW); JFM); UPW; WO2; X12837746); Stones (f;(f; Swelling MAX); (f; JFM); JFM; AAB); Toothache (f; PIO); Tuberculosis VOD);JFM; PIO); (f; MAX; Sore Throat JFM; (f;(f; Pulmonosis PIO; JFM); WO2); Respirosis (f; (f; JTR); Ringworm WO3); Sores (f; (f;Metrorrhagia EGG); Mycosis (f1; WO2; AAB; WO3); (f; Nephrosis Odontosis JFM); (f; WO2); (f; JFM; SKJ); Measles (f; NPM; JTR; VOD); Malaria Melancholy (f; AAB); (1; WO2; AAB; X12193012; X16730921); (1; Inflammation X15893896);Kidney Stones givosis (f; DLZ); Hepatosis (f; UPW; JTR; VOD); EGG; (1; HIV X12837746); Infection (1; (f1; Fungus UPW); WO2; AAB; WO3; X12193012); (f; Gastrosis IHB); AAB; Gin- Escherichia (1; AAB); Fever (f; DAV; AAB; VOD); JTR; DLZ; EGG; Flu Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Staphylococcus (1; AAB); Stomatosis Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Downsides: Extracts: Dosages: r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r tetramethoxychalcone, and bonducellin significantly and dose-dependently inhibited inhibited and dose-dependently significantly bonducellin and tetramethoxychalcone, vanone, 5,7-dimethoxy-3´,4´-methylenedioxyflavanone, 2´-hydroxy-2,3,4´,6´- isobonducellin, (X16730921). antimicrobial extract fruit dry Ethanolic Flavonoids 5,7-dimethoxyfla- species. totoxicity 15 of this alluding titles listed Poisonous Database womennant of (EGG). As should July avoid causeabortion 2007, which FDA can the bark the preg- (JFM); acid” (WO2). cause abortion can 4gleaf Mexicans, saying quotes that Morton leaves plant ispoisonous hydrocyanic tostock. The (DLZ). “The gastroenterosis contain fatal plant may severe onthe experience feeding but not Animals toxic (JFM). reportedly r r r r r yield edible (AAB; oil an FAC; TAN; JFM; UPW; WO2). raw seeds eaten orcooked; flowersbypods Senegalese green children; and eaten; cooked FNFF = ! Flower decoction mixed with beaten egg for cough (JFM). Hulled green seeds eaten throat (JFM). throat (8 decoction leaf g/160Yucatanese take water) cc for and gargle mouth as sores in leaf/cup water 1powdered 3×/day dry take for stones (JFM). kidney Surinamese “as abortive” astrong (UPW). and hepatitis, viral bronchosis,ailments, fever, asthma, decoction forSenegalese usefloral pulmonary (EGG). adoucheas and bleeding for vaginal anthelmintic as tea usefloral/foliar Peruvians tea for and bark fever (EGG). floral the take Peruvians antitussive an (EGG). as tea floral drink Peruvians tifacient (JTR). fever, and constipation, dermatosis, abor- for as tea and catarrh, usebark Nicaraguans (NPM). throat and for mouth of decoction the ulcers leaf Nepalese take infusion for conjunctivosis floral (NPM). take Nepalese (NPM). juice 4×/day 3tsp ca. forNepalese take malaria for roots cholera usethe (KAB). Indochinese stomach (IHB).tended leaves usethe Indonesians ofand onions, yellowdis- for acorns with flowering shrubs, for stones ortea (WO2). kidney decoction useleaf Indonesians (KAB). cathartic and antiperiodic, abortifacient, infusion consider leaf the Indochinese constipation, wounds measles, erysipelas, and (VOD). infections, flower bronchosis, and leaf orapply amenorrhea, decoction ground for take Haitians and sudorific (VOD). bechic, antibilious, febrifuge, as decoction floral take Haitians (KAB). purgative, emmenagogue, ered and the leaves consid-are malaria; and flower bronchitis, usethe Filipinos tea asthma, for of 7yellow decoction take flowersCuraçaoans (JFM). throat for sore fever, swollen and diarrhea, feet, belly perspiration, (AAB). Belizeans suggest for tea solar Belizeans (AAB).(“tristesa”) leaves/gal of 2handful tea water for solar in melancholy baths recommend Belizeans flowerand stomachache crushed give tea (JFM). griping for children Barbadans “Strong dosesmay (JFM). causeabortion” water) liter period. ers/0.5 onthe tobring flow- handful (half decoction asweetened cup of emmenagogue drink Argentinians (WO2). powdered convulsions for root for infantile decoction root malaria; the take Africans “ irritación , ” an infantile disease with cold hands and and cold with hands disease infantile ” an 141 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 142 Common Names: Common Synonyms: Illustrations: ibi; GMJ); Ushu SOU); (Peru; Wu Yu Cai POR). (China; Por.; (Brazil; Tinhorão AVP; MPB; AVP); USN); Papagaio (Brazil; Tinhorao Tu (Gal- La Lal ove (Creole; GMJ); Taja Por.; (Brazil; GMJ; MPB); Tasha SOU); (Peru; Taya (Wayãpi; GMJ); SOU);(Peru; Pavoncito (Bol.; (Que.; SOU); DLZ); (Peru; Sachapaico Sillku DLZ); Sou Cray- Sp.;(Peru; LOR; SOU); (Fr.; dePeintre Paleitte (Pr.; del Pintor Paleta GMJ); AVP); Pataquina DAV); (Galibi; Mo GMJ); Lan Oreja GMJ); dePerro MPB); (Brazil; (Palikur; Mangara Masas (Eng.; POR); Heart-of-Jesus (Eng.; USN); POR; Hua Ye Yu POR); (China; (Eng.; Jesus Heart Ear (Eng.; USN); Fancy-Leaf Caladium (Eng.; POR; USN); Fancy-LeavedSp.; AVP; Elephant’s-Ear LOR; MDD); (Bel.; Sangriento BNA); Corazon Dog’s (Eng.; Ear DAV); Elephant’s (Eng; POR); (Cuba; de Cabrito Caladium Corazon AVP); deJesus (Col.; Corazon Cr.; Peru; (Dor.;Cananga AVP); Crayove Chou (Creole; AVP); (Haiti; Saignant GMJ); Coeur Common MPB); (Brazil; YeAra Cai Yu POR); (China; MPB); (Brazil; (USN); Caladio Caladium bicolor Arum p 34(MPB) leaves, active against SI =20.4) the from =24.3 mg/l, ity (EC50 (X12837746). furanoditerpenoids, Cassane-type = 52.1) flower and = (EC50 177.9 = SI 15.5),anti-ADV-3 mg/l, strongest had quercetin activ- for =41.2 ADV-8: (EC50 seed SI and =83.2), mg/l, =61.8 fruit (EC50 leaf SI and stem mg/l, (HSV-1, activity antiviral broad-spectrum HSV-2, possess cetin ADV-3, ADV-8, ADV-11); (X14531033). =6.25μg/ml) (MIC activity antitubercular strong its quer- and Aqueous extract cancer),breast NCl-H187 and (small lung cell (2) cancer) compound lines; cell exhibited vouacapen-5 (2), alpha-ol cancer), carcinonoid oral BC (human cytotoxic (human for KB beta-benzoyl-7 beta-hydroxyvouacapen-5 (1) alpha-ol 6beta-cinnamoyl-7beta-hydroxy- and (IL)-12) interleukin and (X15893896). 6 extract, root Two from cassane-furanoditerpenoids (NO),nitric (TNF)-alpha oxide necrosis factor and mediators, cytokines (tumor inflammatory mentagrophytes ER OFJESUS ( HEART Aiton (basionym);Aiton (X12193012). S. aureus , E. coli E. Caladium Caladium bicolor bicolor Caladium Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook ARACEAE , P. aeruginosa × hortulanum , and , and (Aiton) Vent.) + Birdsey;(USN). fide B. subtilis, and C. albicans albicans C. and T. T. Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Activities: Names: Common Synonyms: Illustrations: Downsides: Dosages: Indications: Activities: Roscoe; Roscoe; Antiscrofula (f;Antiscrofula RAR); Tonic (f; RAR). (Guat.; POR). POR); Topitambo (Sp.; FAC; POR); Topitambu (Trin.; AVP); Yerén (Cuba; POR); Yuquilla AVP;Haiti; USN); POR; Topinambour Blanc (Fr.; USN); (Fr.; Topinambour desAntilles USN); Tambu (Sp.; POR); Topi AVP); (Haiti; RAR); Topinambour Topimampur (Fr.; (Peru; Sio (Conibo; Shipibo; RAR); Sweet Root (Eng.; Corn DAV; FAC); Sweet Corn-Tuber (Eng.; de Terre Topi AVP); (Haiti; (Sp.; deAriá Rizomas POR); (Sp.; Sagú POR); (Pan.; IED); Sal (Fr.; POR); Oeroewa (Sur.; AVP); (Sp.; (Sp.; Plantamillo USN); Plantanillo POR); Pomme (Pr.;Lerenes Sp.; POR); Lleren (Cuba; AVP); Llerén (Sp.; POR); (Sp.; Maranta POR); Marosa Sp.; Ven.; AVP; POR); (Dor.; Leren Eng.; AVP; USN); (Pr.; Lerén Sp.; AVP; USN); POR; Por.; (Cuna;USN); (Brazil; (Cuna; IED); IED); Irwa POR); (Col.; Láirem Kakiska Lairén AVP); (Sp.; Guapo (Eng.; POR); USN); (Ger.; POR; Arrowroot Guinea Guinea-Korbmaranthe RAR); (Pan.; Morado Sp.; Faldita POR); Tubereuses IED; aRacines Galence (Guad.; Mart.; d’AmériqueCurcuma (Fr.; POR); Sp.; (Peru; Dale Dale (Peru; LOR; MDD; POR); Dalidali (Ven.; AVP); (Cashibo; (Sp.; Churubi RAR); Cocurito Ven.; POR); (Sp.; Cúrcuma POR); Por.; (Brazil; POR);Ariá Bijagua (Cr.; Sp.; USN); POR; Bijao (Pan.; Sp.; POR); IED; Casupo (Sp.; Bendita Agua Ven.; POR); (Sp.; Alleluia USN); Alleluya (Fr.; POR); (Car.; Alluia RAR); Roscoe; Roscoe; M. cylindrica cea Calathea cylindrica fig (DAV)42 2007, 21 species. FDA totoxicity listed the of Poisonous titles alluding this Database Plant (CRC). causedermatosis” can of oxalate and calcium crystals of As July irritant “Contains r (WO3).paralysis FNFF = ! Cooked leaves and tuber eaten (TAN). Crushed bulb or rhizome applied to facial CRC); Toothache (f; CRC); Worms (f; MPB); Wounds (f; CRC; MPB). Paralysis (f; WO3); Bite Snake (f; DLZ); Sores (f; CRC); (f; Sore Throat CRC); (f; Splinters (f;Angina CRC); (f; (f; Ascariasis CRC); CRC); Catarrh Fever (f; f; RAR); CRC); Infection tive (f; CRC; MPB); (f; Vulnerary MPB). (f;Emetic CRC; MPB); (f; Febrifuge (f; RAR); Insecticide CRC); (f; Larvicide CRC); Purga- (f; (f;Abortifacient DLZ); MPB); Anthelmintic (f; Antiseptic CRC); (f; Ascaricide CRC); Brazilians heatleaves, olive coatwith (MPB). applyBrazilians and oil, totumors Lindl.; P. cylindricum P. cylindricum Phyllodes allouia SWEET CORNROOT ( Curcuma americana A. Dietr.; K. Schum.; Roscoe; Roscoe; M. grandifolia grandifolia M. Kuntze; Kuntze; P. grandifolium C. grandifolia grandifolia C. Lam.; P. cylindricum P. cylindricum Calathea allouia allouia Calathea A. Dietr.; Maranta allouia allouia Maranta Lindl.; Sweet; Sweet; M. semperflorens Kuntze;(POR; fide USN). C. macrosepalaC. P. longifolium (Aubl.) Lindl.) ++ Lindl.) (Aubl.) Aubl. (basionym); Horan.; Horan.; K. Koch; Koch; K. K. Schum.; Phrynium allouyaPhrynium M. clavata P. violaceum P. violaceum C. viola- Vell.; Vell.; 143 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 144 Dosages: Indications: Synonyms: Illustrations: Dosages: Indications: Activities: Names: Common Notes: (FAC; IED; TAN). “jungle paper,” some wax food,as “sal,” flavorping name the may from judging impart and FNFF = ! The tubers and flower heads are eaten cooked; the leaves are used for wrap- (f;Scrofula RAR). Aschenbornia heteropoda p 347 (MAX) r r FNFF = ? MAX; PCS). (1; X1308793); (f; Inappetence CRC);(1; Inflammation X12434549); (f;CRC; Malaria HOC; (f;HOC); Eruptions CRC; Fever JFM); (f; CRC; (f; Gastrosis JFM); PCS); Hyperglycemia (f; CRC); (f1; (f; Diabetes Dermatosis JFM); X1308793); (f; CRC); Diarrhea Dyspepsia (f; tosis (f; CRC); Cholera (f; CRC; PCS); JFM; Colic (f; CNS Depression CRC; MAX); JFM; (f;Anorexia CRC; Atherosclerosis (f1; JFM); CRC; Biliousness (f; JFM); Cholecys- JFM); (f1; Stomachic (f; CRC; (f; MAX); CRC; JFM; Tranquilizer JFM). JFM); (1;mic X1308793); (1; NF-kappaB-Inhibitor X9013864); (f; Oneirogenic X3821139); Purgative (f; Emetic JFM); (f; CRC; Febrifuge JFM); CRC); (f; Hallucinogenic CRC; HOC); Hypoglyce- Aperitive (f; CRC); (f; Astringent CRC; Bitter (1; MAX); (1; CNS-Depressant HOC; JFM); (f1;Antiatherogenic (f1; CRC; Antidiabetic JFM); X1308793); (1; X12434549); Antiinflammatory (Ma.; JFM). dePerro Zacate (Eng.; PCS); Scn.; (; Zacatechichi PCS); AH2); (Ma.; Sal.; Zacatechi JFM; Amargo (Bel.;hatz BNA); PCS); PCS); (Nahuatl; Zacate JFM; Zacachichic (Ma.; Nahuatl; Zacachichi Yax- (Maya; Vara (Ma.; JFM); Xicin Mex.;JFM); PCS); (Ma.; Negra JFM); JFM; Xikin Tzicin PCS); PCS); Pela (Ma.;Sal.; JFM); (Ma.; JFM; Vara Kano JFM; Thle Blanca (Ma.; PCS); (Ma.; Simonillo JFM; (Ma.; Nahuatl; Sacatechichi (Ma.; JFM); Sacachichic JFM); PCS); (Ma.; Sal.; (Eng.; JFM; Mexican Juralillo USN); CR2; Oreja deConejo (Ma.; Herba delaPaloma (Ma.; JFM); (Ma.; JFM); Amarae PCS);Sal.; JFM; Herba Athanaxiae Dog’s (Ma.; JFM); deZanate USN); (Eng.; Grass USN); Canilla CR2; (Ma.; Falso Simonillo Bejuco Chismuyo (Ma.; JFM); PCS); (Ma.; Sal.;Amargosa (Eng.; JFM; Bitter Grass CR2; (1997)Hocking remove “to attribute: scorpions.” mentions oneunusual more (JFM). more one’s well-being wherein aday onehears or the pulse, persisting and tranquility heart leaves, smoke down lie and dried then toevoke sip tea, leaf Oaxaca Indians, Chontal cholera usetotreat (JFM). Brazilians ZACATECHICHI ( Schauer; Calea zacatechichi zacatechichi Calea Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Calea ternifolia ternifolia Calea Schltdl.; fide HOC).(AH2; Kunth) + Kunth) Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Common Names: Common Synonyms: Downsides: Synonyms: Extracts: Dosages: Indications: Activities: Names: Common Yine; MD2); (RA2); Koprupi Kori-Sacha (Que.; MD2; RA2); MD2; RA2); (Matsigenka; Kuanti (RA2); (RA2); KopnipiBubinsana Bushiglla (RA2); (Piro; (RA2); Capabo Chiperocigana Bobinsana (RA2); Bobinzana (RA2); Balata (RA2); Bobensana (RA2); Bubinianal (RA2); (RA2). fide Calliandra sodiroi ous Plant Database listed six titles alluding to toxicity of this species. totoxicity of titles alluding this six listed Database ous Plant (mostly anarcotic as “Listed visual)” (CRC). of As July 2007, FDA the Poison- r r Calea axillaris axillaris Calea lide induced marked apoptosis in human tumor cell lines HL60 and SW480 and HL60 (X15699578). cells lines cell tumor human apoptosis in marked induced lide adipogenesis (1.25–5 inhibited (X16377913). μM) Germacranolides arucano- germacranolide The FNFF = ? MPG); Tumors (f1; X15541738; MPG; X15699578); Wounds (f; MPG). (f1;MPG); Infection MPG); Sores (f; MPG); (f; (f; MPG); MPG); Diarrhea (1;Bacteria (f1; MPG); Cancer X15541738; MPG; X15699578); Colic (f; MPG); Diabetes MPG); (1; Cytotoxic X15541738; X15699578). (1;Antiseptic (1; MPG); Antitumor X15699578); (1; Apoptotic X15699578); (1; Bactericide Tacote (Mex.; PCS). (Nscn). Sal.; (Mex.; MPG); (Mex.; Pashcuane PCS); PCS); deEmpacho (Hon.; MPG); Quinina Raiz rgo (Mex.; PCS); Hoja deEmpacho (Hon.; MPG); (Cr.; Jalacate (Ecu.; PCS); Juanislama (Hon.; MPG); delaPaloma (Mex.; Hierba PCS); delaRabia (Mex.; Hierba PCS); Hoja Ama- (Mex.; (Hon.; PCS); MPG); (Hon.; Chichiquizo MPG); Chirivito Chichilsaca Amargosa folia Yucatanese add crushed leavesYucatanese (JFM). torelive crushed add eruptions tobath skin PCS). (MAX; isundeserved fame for its(JFM), antimalarial cholera that gastrosis; and disappointed apperitive, stomachic antibilious, and as bitter decoction astringent Mexicans usethe Miller; fide (PCS). fide Miller; BOBINSANA ( var. var. JUANISLAMA ( Harms; Harms; urticifolia urticifolia Calliandra angustifolia angustifolia Calliandra C. stricta Rob. &Greenm.; Escherichia Calea urticifolia urticifolia Calea MIMOSACEAE ASTERACEAE Rusby; Rusby; (1; MPG); (f; Gastrosis (f; MPG); Hyperacidity C. subnervosa C. Staphylococcus Caleacte urticifolia urticifolia Caleacte Spruce ex Benth.) + (Mill.) DC.) + DC.) (Mill.) Benth.; Benth.; (1; MPG); Stomachache (f; R. Br.; Feuilleea angustifolia Solidago urtici- Solidago 145 ; C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 146 Extracts: Downsides: Dosages: Indications: Activities: din biosynthesis (RA2). COX-1 inhibited (RA2). Extract sold sometimes commercially resinous gum The prostaglan- (RA2). pregnant to become No interactions known (RA2). Considered contraceptive; should be avoided seeking if r r r r r r r (RA2). connection spiritual their in shamans aids that a“plant teacher” ered not itself though it ahallucinogen, , isconsid- various in ingredient an as used Also FNFF = ! 2–5 ml bark/root tincture 2×/day (RA2); 1 cup bark/root decoction 2×/day (RA2). (f;matism MD2; RA2). Colds (f; MD2; RA2); Fatigue (f; RA2); (f; Flu MD2;(f1; RA2);RA2); Inflammation Rheu- (f; MD2; RA2); Bone AcheArthritis (f; MD2); (f; Cancer (f; RA2); Cancer, uterine RA2); rative (f; RA2); (f; Stimulant RA2); Tonic (f; RA2). (f1; RA2); Antirheumatic (f; RA2); Contraceptive (f; RA2); COX-1-Inhibitor (1; RA2); Depu- (f; (f; RA2); (f; Anticancer RA2); uterine Anticancer, Antiarthritic RA2); Antiinflammatory Sháwi (Ese Sháwi (Shipibo/Conibo; Blanca (RA2); Semein Neweí RA2); MD2; RA2); MD2; Quinilla (Amahuaca; and uterine disorders (RA2). disorders uterine and rheumatism, colds, edema, for arthritis, tincture bark usethe Indians Shipibo-Conibo strength (RA2). for decoction and root energy the taking consider stimulant, as Indians Pastaza Rio (leaves, plant decoction usethe twigs) (RA2). stems, tonic Peruvians energizing ageneral as (RA2). rheumatism and colds, edema, pain, bone for arthritis, , with prepared tincture, bark usethe Peruvians illness (RA2). to resistance toincrease and toresist cold baths chills in and bark usegrated Peruvians (RA2). disorders oruterine cancer for adepurative as and suggest uterine decoction root Peruvians the for decoction dyspnea bark (RA2). the tonic, taking and ulant, Peruvians considerantirheumatic, as antiinflammatory, contraceptive, depurative, stim- ’ eja; MD2; RA2); Yacu Yutzu (RA2); Yopoyo MD2; RA2). (Huachipaeri; MARIA ( Calophyllum brasiliense CLUSIACEAE Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Cambess.) + Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Synonyms: Illustrations: Activities: Names: Common Notes: Calophyllum antillarum antillarum Calophyllum fig 161(L&W) X15587592); (f; (1; Antileishmanic X17483964); (1; Antileukemic X16805958); Antiinflammatory Antineo- (1; X15340243); X17524238); AntiHIV X17346903; X16805958; (1;ACE-Inhibitor X17513067); Analgesic (f1; X11677868; X15587592); (1; Anticancer prepared). critically (Br. Guy.; EGG; Eng.; AVP; VOD); (Jam.; dia- Mamee Wild L&W). entries (Nscn; American (Ashaninka; Shirimpita MPB);RAR); (Brazil; USN); Uá-Iandi Varillo (Sal.; L&W; AVP); EGG; Varío (Sal.; BNA; L&W); AVP; Calabash Wild Pr.; Guat.; Eng.; Cr.; (Bel.; Por.;(Brazil; (Pr.; USN); L&W); (Sp.; Palo deMaría Palo María Ven.; USN); María Santa (Cuba; RyM); Ocuje Colorado (Cuba; L&W; L&W); (Brazil; Olandi MPB); Olandim L&W); Colorado (Cr.;EGG; María AVP); (Sal.; Marío L&W); (Mex.; Ocú AVP); Ocuje Kwaha (Sur.; L&W); (Dor.; L&W); (Eng.; Mara (Pr.; AHL; USN); Maria Sp.; María AVP; (Mex.; AVP); María Leche (Dor.; Por.; AHL); Malagueta (Brazil; Mangue USN); Mani Por.; (Brazil; L&W; RAR); Landi EGG; Por.;(Peru; (Brazil; USN); MPB; USN); Landim deBajo Caspi RAR); EGG; Lagarto (Peru; deAltura Caspi L&W); EGG; (Peru; Lagarto L&W); (Sp.; Caspi Blanco Lagarto RAR); EGG; Lagarto Caspi (Peru; USN); Lagarto (Por.; USN); (Sur.; RAR); Jomo Koelarie EGG; (Culina; Nocco (Sur.; L&W); Koerahara L&W; EGG; Peru; (Shipibo/Conibo; (Brazil; RAR); Úba Jacare MPB); EGG; Jacareúba Por.; (Brazil; MPB); MPB);zil; (Brazil; USN); Cedro Inujihui Guandi Guandi-Carvalho Guanandi-Carvalho (Brazil; Por.; USN); Guanandi Cedro (Brazil; MPB); Guandi (Bra- AVP);(Haiti; (Guad.; Por.; Odorant Galba (Brazil; L&W); L&W; Guanandi MPB; USN); Por.; (Brazil; dim USN); (Guad.; Galba Trin.; Mart.; AVP; L&W); desAntilles Galba (Creole; VOD); Haiti; (Creole; VOD); Haiti; Dammari False (Vi.; Mamey L&W); Galan- VOD); AHL); Marie AHL; (Haiti; Haiti; Dame L&W); AHL; Damarie (Haiti; Damage AVP; AVP; (Creole; (Haiti; L&W); Marie AHL); Dale (Haiti; L&W); Dalmari Dalmagre RAR); Chijole EGG; Peru; Caoba (Amahuaca; (Col.;Chanxoztoo AVP); Cojón (Ven.; Por.; (Brazil; doPântano RAR); USN); EGG; Cedro (Peru; RAR); EGG; Cedro (Peru; (Creole; Haiti; VOD); (Cuba; Calabra AVP); L&W); (Haiti; Marie Caspi Blanco Came aba Tree (Eng.; AVP; VOD); Ronds AVP); (Haiti; àFruits Calabe desAntilles Calab VOD); (Ven.; Cachicamo L&W; EGG; (Guad.; RAR); Calaba Pan.; AVP; L&W); Cal- (Eng.; AHL); L&W); Leaf Beauty (Haiti; Bois Brazil Bwa Marie (Creole; Marie Haiti; (Eng.; Jam.; AVP; VOD); Baume Vert (Guad.; AVP); Mart.; Sp.; (Ecu.; Bella María USN); (Mex.; AVP); (Mex.; Baré AVP); (Dor.; Baría L&W); (Sal.; Barillo L&W); Mamey Bastard (Mex.;María Sp.; (Bol.; USN); AVP); Bálsamaría (Cuba; RyM); deMaría Bálsamo Bará (Par.; AVP); RAR); (Pr.;RAR); EGG; Ararí Aceite L&W); (Peru; María Alfaro Arbol Aca (Por.; AVP); Trin.; (Peru; AVP; RAR); Aceite EGG; deMaría (Peru; Acareuba EGG; anti-HIV activities. explored being and isalso species for genus, of anticancer species the Asian this and can Afri- Like Guianas. West and the , from Brazil, toPeru, and through Indies widely are distributed species, as treated sometimes varieties, geographic many the that ing WadsworthForesters Little and (1964) suggest aconservative view, taxonomic broad hint- Jacq. non L.; C. jacquini jacquini C. Britton.; Fawc. &Rendle; C. brasiliense brasiliense C. C. lucidum lucidum C. var. var. antillarum Benth. (Britton) Standl.; C. calaba C. 147 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 148 Extracts: Downsides: Dosages: Indications: cine. Wood contains xanthones (MPB). Coumarins from from (MPB). Woodcine. xanthones Coumarins contains bark, the from gum/ The this species. ofAs July totoxicity 2007, twoof titles FDA alluding listed the Poisonous Database Plant r r r r r r r r r FNFF = ! Fruits barely edible (EGG). AHL; EGG; RAR). SOU; X15340243); X16805958; (f;MPB; Wounds RAR; X17524238); (f1; EGG; Viruses cus monosis (f; (f; AHL); RAR); (1; Spasms EGG; Rheumatism X15946599); Pul- X11677868; X15587592); (f1; DAW); (f; Pain Leukorrhea X16805958); X15386357; Abscesses (f; VOD); Adenopathy (f; VOD); RAR). X15540598); (f; Pectoral AHL); (f; Sudorific VOD); Tonic (f; (f; AHL); Vulnerary EGG; AHL); Fungicide (1; X17524238); (f1; Gastroprotective X16314059); Gram(+)-icide (1; (f; AHL);atrizant (1; Cytotoxic X15261767; X17346903; X17524238); Digestive (f; X15707768); (1; Caspase-Inducer X15386357); (1; X15540598; Chemopreventive (1; X17524238); Bactericide AHL); (f; Cic- Astringent X17524238); X16805958; X15386357; (1;spasmodic X15946599); (f1; Antitumor MPB; X16805958; X17524238); (1; Apoptotic plastic (1; X17524238); (1; Antiproliferant X17524238); (f1; Antiseptic X15540598); Anti- Inflammation (f; X15587592);Inflammation Itch (f; VOD); X17524238); X15707768; X15540598; VOD; (f1; Infection (1; X15340243); HIV SOU); X16314059); Hepatosis (f; VOD); VOD); (f; RAR; Hernia EGG; (f; RAR; Herpes EGG; (f;tes MPB); (f; Flu DAW); (f; Fracture EGG); (1; Fungus X17524238); (f1; Gastrosis X17524238); (f; AHL); Catarrh Coughs (f; VOD); (f; Dermatosis X17346903; SOU; X16805958; VOD); MPB; (f1; Diabe- VOD); Cancer (f; Burns X15707768); X15540598; (X15707768). duodenum (X15946599). Plant extract highly active against HL-60 in (X16805958). lines cell rat and ileum onguinea-pig apoptotic BB antispasmodic extract B/ Methanolic mammea and calophyllolide Coumarins (X17483964). μg/ml) amastigote forms of for promastigote and leishmanicidal (-)mammea extract, leaf from A/BB, coumarin The 83% in tumors (X17524238). experimental BMK reducing in cells, necrosis tosis and Peruvians use the seed oil as antirheumatic and vulnerary (VOD). vulnerary and antirheumatic as oil seed usethe Peruvians (VOD). hernias onblows, and resin plaster the Peruvians fractures, (AHL). catarrh flowers astringent usethe for pulmonary Haitians for (VOD). decoction tuberculosis cough, hepatosis, leaf and the take Haitians (VOD). infections skin itch, alotion and for make dermatitis, Haitians (VOD).glands swollen and hernia, burns, budtoabscesses, apply latex terminal orsticky the Haitians wounds sores,and (AHL). for resin usethe hernias, Dominicans (MPB). tumors and sores,tendons, onrheumatism, resin astringent usethe Brazilians (MPB). ity activ- hypoglycemic no reveal studies though for diabetes, leaf a/o bark take Brazilians (1; X15261767; X15707768); Swelling (f; VOD); Tuberculosis (f; VOD); Tumors (f1; .amazonensisL. “ balsamo dejacareúba balsamo Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook (IC(50) =3.0 0.88 IC(90) and μg/ml; =5.0 2.3 and Leishmania Bacillus , ” is frequently used in local medi- local in used ” isfrequently (1; X15261767); Bacteria (1; (1; Bacteria X15261767); (1; (1; X17483964); (1; Leukemia C. brasiliense brasiliense C. Staphylococcus aureus induced apop- induced Staphylococ- Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Synonyms: Illustrations: Dosages: Indications: Activities: Names: Common Notes: CAPIRONA ( RA2). Uterosis (f; EGG); Wounds (f; DAV; (f; 60P); RA2; RA2); EGG; Wrinkles EGG; Yeast (f1; Sores (f; EGG); Swelling (f; EGG); (1; Trypanosoma X12943773); RA2; Tumors (f; EGG); Mycosis (f; SAR); (f; Parasites RA2); Scabies (f; (f; Scars RA2); RAI); Bite Snake (f; EGG); Fibroma (f; EGG); (f; Freckles SAR); RA2; (f1; Fungus RA2); (f1; Infection SAR); RAI; 60P; Candida (f1; RA2); (f; Bleeding RA2); (f; EGG; Bugbites Bruises RAI); (f1; (f; RA2); Burns RAI); Abscesses (f; (f; EGG); Acariasis DAV; SAR); Age (f; Spots RA2); (f; Aging RA2); Bacteria (f;60P); Vulnerary DAV; 60P). EGG; (f1; (1; RA2); Insectifuge Parasiticide (f1; RAI); RA2); Repellent (f1; RA2); (f; Stimulant Emollient (f; RAI); DAV;EGG; RA2); Fungicide (f1; RA2); (f; Hemostat EGG); Insecticide Bactericide (f1; Candidicide RAI); (f1; RA2); Cicatrizant (f; EGG); Contraceptive (f; DAV; (1; X12943773); Antitrypanosomic RA2; RAI); (f; RA2); (f; Astringent Antiwrinkle RA2); (f; (f; Antidiabetic Antiaging RA2); (f1; RAI); Antioxidant (f1; RA2); Antiseptic RAI; 60P; Urayepiru (Chiriguano). (Nscn). (Brazil; RAI); Pau-Mulato-da-Várzea (RA2); Uhuachaunin (Aguaruno; Peru; EGG; RAI); (RA2); DLZ);Pau Mulato Palo Blanco Pau-Marfim (Bol.; RAI); DLZ); Palo Mulato (Peru; (Bol.;da-Várzea Chiquitano; Tree Naked (RA2); Oquiyurrubis (RA2); (Ma.; RAI); Nahua Mulateiro- RAI); (Brazil; Mulateiro (Conibo/Shipibo; Nahui Asho Huiso RAI); EGG; Peru; (RA2); Guayabochi (Bol.; Guarayo; Huiso Asho (RA2); DLZ); RAI); Peru; Haxo (Amahuaca; (RA2); Firewood Escorrega-Macaco Tree EGG); (Ma.; (Peru; Corusicao RAI); de Altura DAV; Negra Capirona RAI); (Peru; Negra Capirona deBajo RAI); Capirona (Peru; RAI); (Peru; (Conibo/Shipibo; Asho Capirona (Cashibo; RAI); Ashi RAI); EGG; EGG; Peru; Peru; Union approved (RA2). been European for also the has cosmetics in usein and Brazil, and Peru cosmetics in natural in ingredient an it as isused skin, tothe effects cial it or“pau-mulato,” it “mulateiro” “capirona” call toits (RA2). call benefi- Due ians Peruvians Brazil- Peru. Ecuador, and Bolivia, Brazil, in basin Amazon isindigenous tothe species This spruceana Eukylista fig(DAV) 48 r r (RA2). for topically applied fungus decoction FNFF = ? ½ –1 cup bark decoction 2–3×/day as bactericide and to stop bleeding (RA2); bark bark for fungal skin infections (RA2). infections skin for fungal bark wounds, using and cuts, powdered toburns, poultice applyingwound bark healing, contraceptive, consider antifungal, bark the Amazonians emollient, and vulnerary, (RA2). parasites and aging, fungus, Amazonians apply bark tea to their bodies after bathing, then sun-dry, to protect from (f1; RA2); Conjunctivosis (f; (f; EGG); Dermatosis SAR); (f; Diabetes RVM); RA2; Calycophyllum spruceanum Benth. (RA2). Benth. RUBIACEAE (Benth.) Hook.f. Schum.) ex K. ++ 149 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 150 Common Names: Common Synonyms: Extracts: Downsides: Caacapoc (Brazil; MPB); (Brazil; (Ven.; Chigo Caacapoc SAR); (Bra- PUB); (Brazil; Assu Cumanda Comanda SAR); MPB); MPB; (Makuna; Acapu deIgapo RAR); (Brazil; (Brazil; Amanagwe Acapurana laurifolia Campsiandra tively) X12943773). (RA2; of forms pomastigote 7-Methoxydiderroside, secoxyloganin, and diderroside, showed 6´-O-acetyldiderroside, seco-iridoids, (RA2). Three bly aging its usetostop explaining skin possi- antioxidant, strongly Phenols (RA2). activity insecticide and fungicide, bactericide, phenols, of and acids with organic amounts high and effects, drying a/o astringent with nins, Antifungal totoxicitying species. of this None of (RA2). As known July allud- onetitle 2007, FDA listed the Poisonous Database Plant r r r r r r r r r r r r r r Peruvians use the resin to treat abscesses and skin tumors (RA2). tumors skin and abscesses totreat resin usethe Peruvians powdereding tomycoses SAR). bark (RA2; apply- lives skin; negra,” that the under aparasite “sarna against bark usethe Peruvians toses (RA2). cer a/o disorders, cancer, uterine as a contraceptive, as and a tonic for hepa- and cancer can- ovarian malaria, for diabetes, internally orinfusion decoction bark take Peruvians wounds (DAV; and bite, swellings, tumor, uteroses, wrinkles, RAI). EGG; snake scabies,infection, infections, scars, fibroma, mycoses,ocular matosis, diabetes, suggestPeruvians for abscesses, aging, bugbites, bleeding, bruises, contraception, der- (RA2). infections for vaginal infusion bark douche with Peruvians (RVM). for3 months diabetes 3×/day ml l50 taking of to4liters, water l0liters reducing in lkgof boil bark Peruvians (RA2). tumors and skin tofibromas apoultice as tostop tocuts wounds, bleeding; and kles, swelling, pigmentations, wrin- skin scars, worms, bugbites, pellagra dermatosis, eye for topically bruises, infection, orinfusion decoction apply bark the Peruvians (RA2). apply infections powdered tofungal Peruvians bark (RA2). usefor diabetes Paraguayans (60P). stimulant consider Quechua bark Ecuadorian (RA2). wrinkles and applying toagescars, topically spots, disorders; eye ovarian and diabetes, infection, totreat infusion bark usethe Brazilians towounds (RA2). and parasites, and fungus toskin tice cosmetic, poul- consider applying and using for antioxidant bark dermatoses, Brazilians antiseptic as wounds on (60P). poultice vulnerary and and water with bark pulverized mix Chacobo Bolivian 5oz/day/3 weeks (RA2). drinking to4liters, ing water reduc- 1kgof liters bark/10 boiling for decoction diabetes, bark take Amazonians in vitro HUACAPURANA ( against 11 skin fungi and yeasts. The bark contains a great deal of tan- deal agreat contains bark yeasts. 11 and The against fungi skin Trypanosoma cruzi Trypanosoma Benth. CAESALPINIACEAE Campsiandra comosa Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook (IC(50) =59.0, 74.2, 90.2, respec- 84.9 and μg/ml, Benth.) + in vitro activity against try- activity against Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Common Names: Common Downsides: Dosages: Indications: Activities: Synonyms: bønne (Den.; POR);bønne (Eng.; Bean Horse HOC); Jamaica Jangala; (Sakalave; KAB); Judía USN; VOD); JackAVP; Blanc (Fr.; USN); Sabre POR; àGrain POR); Haricot (Eng.; Horse Bean AVP; Bean (Eng.;de Monte (Ven.; HOC; AVP); (Fr.; deMadagascar POR); Sabre Haricot (Fr.; Haricot Haiti; POR; USN); (Pr.; Sp.;Burro AVP; USN); POR; (Cuba; Jackbohne Haba deCaballo Mex.; Sp.; AVP; POR); Haba (Ger.;Blanca (Guat.; Mex.; Sp.; AVP; POR); (Sp.; HabaCriolla Ven.; POR; AVP; POR); Habade USN); (Eng.;Bean USN); LEG; Goyijiyashivalam NAD); (Hindi; Haba(Dor.; TRA); Haba Jack- (Eng.;Stock Bean KAB); USN); POR; Gol (Arab.; Gojiasema (Hindi; NAD); Gotani- NAD); AHL); (Bol.; (Guj.; (Haiti; Place Gavria DLZ); Garabato Garde KAB); Giant (Sp.; POR); Frijol(Sp.; Espada USN); POR; (Bom.; Gaivara KAB); (Arab.; Galaphul AVP); Frijol deBibijagua (Cuba; Sp.; POR); Frijol (Cuba); deMachete Frijol deSable Frejol (Sp.; Gigante RAR); Frejolón EGG; (Sp.; RAR); Frijol EGG; deAbono (Guat.; Feijão (Por.; Espada POR); Feijao (Por.; Holandes AVP); Fève Jacques (Fr.; USN); POR; Por.; USN); Feijao dePorco (Por.; AVP; Por.; PMC); (Brazil; USN); Feijão-de-Quebranto Feijao Cutelo Por.; (Por.; (Brazil; Feijão-de-Cobra UPW); USN); Feijão-de-Porco (Brazil; (Arab.;fîyah POR); Fava-Branca Por.; (Brazil; USN); Feijão-Bravo Por.; (Brazil; USN); zago KAB); (Kano; DAA; Pin.; DaoDou(China; POR); (Sudan; Diko AVP); Fâsûlyâ Sey- (Eng.;Bean Cut-Eye UPW); (Eng.; Bean Wi.; POR); DaDaoDou(China; UPW); Dan- FAC); Montes (Sal.; Chilipuca AVP); (Ai.; Chui Sword Red RAR); Sa; EGG; Climbing DLZ); (Creole; Canavali Haiti; VOD); Canavalia(Pr.; AVP); (Eng.; Chickasaw Lima (Dec.; KAB); (Bol.; Burujume KAB); (Housa; Burrashim POR);Dou (China; Barankachi (Tel.;Adavitamma (Aym.; KAB); Ankuwara KAB); DLZ); (Sanskrit; Dao Asishimbi Bai (Mar.;Abai KAB); Abao (Guj.; NAD); Abayee (Mar.; NAD); Abono Negro (Sal.; AVP); (basionym);(POR; fide USN). L. species. of totoxicityAs July of 2007,this onetitle alluding FDA listed the Poisonous Database Plant r fevers (MPB) malarial soresand ing X6544061). (SAR); for infections used cleaning for vinegar and clean- salt with tincture Fruits FNFF = ! “Chiga” flour made from the seeds consumed in the Orinoco basin (X6544060; RAR); Sores (f; MPB); Stomatosis (f; SAR); Wounds (f; DAV; SAR). (f; RAR); FeverArthrosis (f; MPB); (f; Infection SAR); (f; SAR); Malaria (f; Rheumatism (f; (f; RAR); RAR); Antirheumatic TonicAntimalarial (f; MPB); (f; Vulnerary DAV; SAR). Sp.; LOR). MPB); Sp.;zil; (Peru; SOU); (Peru; LOR); Huacapurana Gapo (Peru; Huacapurana Pampa ensiformis ensiformis ensiformis Canavalia Witoto use powdered bark in treating wounds (SAR).Witoto treating usepowdered in bark var. var. SWORDBEAN ( truncata truncata (DC.) Makino; Ricker; C. gladiata Canavalia ensiformis ensiformis Canavalia FABACEAE C. ensiformis DC. var.DC. (L.) var. DC. ensiformis ensiformis (L.) DC.) + DC.) (L.) DC.; leucosperma leucosperma Dolichos ensiformis ensiformis Dolichos Voigt; Voigt; 151 C. C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 152 Dosages: Indications: Activities: r r r r r (FAC). (AHL). (TRA). food farmacy Seeds 5–10 onto burns poulticed gleaf coffee as substitute. scorched Young seeds Ripe tempeh. into mented leaves potherb. as boiled fer- Seeds orroasted. boiled eaten, poisonous by be some, deemed can swollen though seeds, FNFF = ! Green pods eaten before seeds swell, raw, boiled, pickled, or salted. Unripened but TRA). (1;coccus DLZ); Sores (f; Swelling UPW); (f; NAD; Vertigo UPW); (f; (1; Viruses UPW); Mycosis (1; TRA); (f; Nephrosis (f; DLZ); (f; Neuralgia Pain UPW); Pneumo- DLZ; UPW); terol (1; TRA); Hysteria (f; (1; Infection UPW); WO2); DLZ; TRA; (12; Inflammation TRA); (f; Hepatosis UPW); (f; NAD); (1; Herpes TRA); (1; Blood High Pressure TRA); Choles- High (f; (f; (f;ria Edema Illness UPW); Female WBB); UPW); (1; Fungus WO2); TRA; Headache (f1;Allergies (1; TRA); Bacteria DLZ); Biliousness (f; NAD); KAB; (12; Burns TRA); Dysu- MitogenicUPW); (1; WO2); Stomachic (f; Tonic UPW); (f; KAB). Hemolytic (1; WO2); Hypocholesterolemic (1; TRA); Hypotensive (1; (f; TRA); Insecticide (1; (f;Bechic Capillariprotective UPW); TRA); Demulcent (f; NAD); Fungicide (1; WO2); WO2); (1; Antioxidant (1; TRA); Antiseptic (1; DLZ); Antiviral TRA); (1; Bactericide DLZ); (1; (1;petic (12; TRA); Antimetabolic (1; TRA); TRA); Antiinflammatory Antihistaminic X16834597); (1; Antiaggregant (1; TRA); Antiallergic TRA); (f; Antibilious NAD); Antiher- (1;Allelochemic X11382064); Amyolitic (1; WO2); Analgesic (f; Antiadhesive (1; UPW); AVP); POR). (Dutch; Zwaardboon KAB); Wonder-Bean (Eng.; USN); POR; Yang POR); DaoDou(China; Yatigua (Arg.; (; POR);Mame Tumbe Komji NAD); (Kan.; Valvarai (Tam.; NAD); Walawala (Sin.; (Tam.; (Tel.; NAD);Thamattan Thamna NAD); (San.; Tihon KAB); Nata Tsurunachi (Japan; TAN); POR; Talvardi KAB); (Porebunder; Tao Tou AVP; (China; TAN); KAB; POR); NAD); Sweeta-Sima (Hindi; Sword-Bean (Eng.; USN); POR; Tachi Mame Nata USN); Sem(Nwp.; KAB); NAD); Pun.; (Japan; (Kan.; Shembi Mame Acare Nata Shiro (Que.;HOC); Sanchalli DLZ); (Ger.; Schwertbohne USN); POR; (Eng.; -Bean Pwa Wouj (Creole; Haiti; VOD); Pwa (Creole; Zombi Haiti; VOD); (Eng.; Sabre Bean Sable (Sp.; PMC); (Creole; Pwa Lanme VOD); Haiti; VOD); Pwa Maldyok TRA; (Haiti; (Fr.;Gagane UPW; USN); AVP); Pois (Haiti; Maldioc Pois Sabre (Fr.; AVP; POR); Poroto (Eng.; Bean (Tag.; DEP);Patagonian Pataningdagar KAB); Pathave NAD); (Mah.; Pois look (Jam.; Bean AVP; EGG); (Peru; del KAB); Gentil Pallar KAB); (Burma; Paikalog EGG);Nescafé Noble (Peru; (Sudan; AVP); One-Eye (Eng.; Bean Wi.; Over- UPW); (Por.;Mangalo AVP); Por.; Mangolô POR); (Brazil; (Estonia; USN); Mõõkjas Kanavaalia NAD); (Sanskrit; (Ben.; KAB); Mala-Shibee NAD); (Hindi; Makhamshim Makam-Shim AVP); (Cuba); Machete (Ger.; KAB); Madagaskarbohne (Leyte; POR); Magtambocao (Tam.; NAD);lari Kolasimo (Oriya; Usu KAB); (Par.; Kumandu AVP); (Sudan; Laliko (Tel.; POR); (Tam.;Bendo (Dutch; KAB); Karochikadu NAD);Kattuva- Kattuttambattan NAD); KAB); (Hindi; (Kan.; KAB); (Mal.; Kadavare Kanavala Kara IHB); Kadasambal Sable (Sp.; (Malaya; POR); (Malay; Puteh USN); POR; Parang Parang Kacang Kachang Haitians suggest the bean flour (in poultices) flour (in and resolves(VOD). suggest bean softens the tumors Haitians apply leaves the Haitians for head tothe conjunctivosis (VOD). headache and leaves suggest the with coveringCaribs (TRA). burns sores(KAB).tions, and sensa- burning biliousness, in useful Ayurvedics consider orexigenic fruits the tonic suggest for powdered swelling hepatic Indians cow in (NAD).Asian root urine Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Common Names: Common Synonyms: Illustrations: Downsides: rifére (Fr.;rifére POR); Lily (Eng; POR); d’Inde Canne (Fr.; POR); Indienne JFM; Canne (Bel.;EFS); Canna Shot Dutch; Eng.; Cane (Ma.; JFM); Fr.; Ger.; EFS; POR); Flo- Canna Por.; (Brazil; (Sp.; USN); delaIndia Cana-da-Índia Caña POR); (Sp.; delas Caña Comestible Caña JLH); (Sp.; (Brazil; Caite USN); POR; (Ma.; Sp.; Cañacoro EFS; JFM); Por.;(Brazil; USN); Vermelho AVP); Caethe (Brazil; (Pan.; Sp.; Café Cimarron POR); Por.;zil; DEP); (Sin.; POR); (Burma; Butsarana DEP); Budda Tharana Caeté-dos-Jardns Por.; (Brazil; Beri USN);JFM); (Bra- Bijagua Bijao Manso (Ma.; Birú JFM); (Ma.; JFM); Ma.; AVP;(Brazil; deUriba Bandera (Col.; JFM); Sp.; POR); Espanyol Bandera (Ma.; Por.; Bananerinha (Brazil; JLH); USN); doMato(Brazil; Bananeiro Bananeirinha-de-Flor Balisier Rouge Por.; (Car.; (Brazil; USN); POR; Fr.; POR); JFM; Bananeirinha-da-Índia Comestible (Fr.; USN); POR; (Fr.; Balisier desIndes POR); Balisier Jaune (Car.; Fr.; POR); Nig.; (Hausa; POR); Kare POR); Bakare (Car.; Balisier àChapelets Fr.; POR); Balisier (Eng.; WO2); Arrowroot Australian (Ma.; JFM); Nig.; (Hausa; Bakalele Arrowroot JFM); USN); Araruta Bastarda (Por.; POR); Araruta Por.; (Dec.; NAD); de (Brazil; (Eng.; POR; Porco USN); POR; Albará Arrowroot Akalbarki African (Por.; POR); Araruta Gigante (Ma.; (Col.;Achira Sp.; Peru; EFS; USN); POR; Roja Achira (Sp.; EFS); (Sa.; Adeira SOU); USN).(POR; rubricaulis rubricaulis Regel; Regel; (Roscoe) Petersen; edulis achiras Canna pl 952A (KAB) species. ofAs July totoxicity 2007, of 56 titles this FDAalluding listed the Poisonous Database Plant Ker Gawl.; C. lutea lutea C. Link; Link; Gillies; Mill. var. Mill. C. esculenta C. speciosa C. limbata limbata C. EDIBLE CANNA ( C. cinnabarina genuina Roscoe; Roscoe; Lodd. ex Loudon; Roscoe; Roscoe; Kraenzl.; CANNACEAE C. lutea lutea C. C. variabilis Bouché; Canna indica C. nepalensisC. Mill.; C. humilis humilis C. C. coccinea coccinea C. C. lutea lutea C. Willd.; L.) ++ Bouché; Wall.; C. warszewiczii C. Mill.; Mill. var. Mill. C. orientalis C. compacta C. indica indica C. aurantiaca .var. L. A. Dietr.; fide Roscoe; Roscoe; Roscoe; Roscoe; (Roscoe) limbata 153 C. C. C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 154 Indications: Activities: (f; IHB). (f; Stomachache (f; JFM); EB57:365); Uterosis (f; (f; VD Wounds JFM); JFM); (f; DEP); Yaws (f; (f; Sores (f;Rheumatism JFM); Sore Throat DAW); JFM); Soroche (f; SOU); Spider Bites tion (f; EB28:4); (f; KAB); (f; (f; (f; Nephrosis Pain Ophthalmia Neuralgia JFM); JFM); JFM); (f; (f; Headache Gonorrhea Hepatosis (1; (f; JFM); JFM); HIV JFM); X15951145); Inflamma- EB57:365); (f; Dysuria (f; SOU); Earache NAD); Fever (f; DEP; WOI); (f; Gastrosis EB57:365); (f;sis (f; (f; IHB); Diarrhea Dermatosis (f; JFM); Dropsy JFM); DEP; WOI); Dyspepsia (f; (f; (f; (f; Bleeding Cancer Amenorrhea Coughs JFM); (f; JLH); JFM); EB57:365); Cysto- (f;Vulnerary DEP). (f;Narcotic NAD); (f; Stimulant Sudorific DEP; JFM); (f;EFS; DAW); Tonic (f;EB57:365); lient (f; HIV-RT-Inhibitor JLH); (1; X15951145); Molluscicide (1; X11050667; X15305305); (f;Diaphoretic DEP; WOI); (f; Diuretic DEP; EFS; WOI); (f; Emmenagogue Emol- JFM); (f; (f; Antidote Antiabortive WOI); JFM); Demulcent (f; DEP; EFS; WOI); (f; Depurative IHB); Tapioca (Eng.; X’chi Ma.; JFM); (Bel.; Laba BNA); Qui Yuquilla (Sp.; USN). POR; JFM; DEP); Westindisches (Ger.; Blumenrohr (Eng.; USN); POR; Wild Ma.; Canna Wild JFM); (Dec.; (Sumatra; IHB); (Malaya; IHB); Ulkilbar-Kimunker Pikul Gereda Ubi Ubi JLH); POR);Ma.; JFM; Tous-les-Mois (Car.; Fr.; EFS; USN); POR; Tozcuitlapilxochitl (Mex.; NAD); (Kan.; dharaju (Sa.; Achira Sumac RAR); Tasbeh (Arab.; IHB); Toloman (Car.; Fr.; Sio (Sa.; SOU); (Eng.; Sugan- DEP); (Kan.; gida Soogandaraju JFM); Arrowroot Spanish (; DEP); (Eng.; (Sanskrit; Senitra USN); POR; IHB); Arrowroot Silarumba Leone Sierra SarbajayaAVP: (Ma.; JFM); (Ben.; DEP; WO2); Sakasira JFM); Sarvajaya DEP); (Sanskrit; USN); Sabbajaya DEP; Rijua EFS; (Ma.; JFM); WO2); (Hindi; Ma.; (Haiti; Sagou Marron USN; WO2); EB57:365); QhauLiab(Hmong; (Aust.; Arrowroot Queensland Eng.; POR; Sp.; JFM); Poovaazhai (Tam.; WO2); Poovalai (Tam.; deMonte(Ma.; (Ma.; deCuba Sp.;(Ma.; Sp.; Platanillo USN); POR; NAD); JFM); Platanillo JFM; Purple Arrowroot (Eng.; POR; (Sp.; deCuba Platanilla EFS); (Ma.; JFM); Platanillo Piriquitoya (Ma.; JFM); Piriquitallo EB57:365); (Hmong; Nre Lab POR); (Thai; RAR); (Amahuaca; Phut Nua Tharaksa Vitaax Mei (Tel.; Ren Jiao POR); (China; Mettatamara NAD); Munay (Sa.; Achira RAR); Nplooj Sp.; AVP; (Ma.; Pr.; JLH); POR); AVP; Cimarrona (Brazil; JFM; Maraca Meeru JFM); IHB); (Sumatra; IHB); (Java; Nyidra Mekah Laos Lembong (Dor.; IHB); Maraca Ma.; Pr.; (Tam.; Cheddi DEP);DEP); Sarbajaya Lal Kundimana (Ben.; DEP); (Sumatra; Jambe Laos (Tel.; Tamarah Krishna DEP; NAD); (Bom.; NAD); Kudsumbar (Tam.; Kullvalei Mani NAD); DEP); (Kan.; Hudingana Kelahu Kenyong (Malaya; IHB); (Nwp.; Kiwara DEP); Kathshim (Ben.; NAD); Kattuvazha (Mal.; WO2); Katu Bala (Mal.; DEP); EFS; Kandamani-Yazha WO2); (Rus.; (Mal.; Katuvara (Tam.; POR); NAD); Indiiskaia Kandamanu (Mal.; Kanna (Sanskrit; Kamaakshee WO2); (Tam.; NAD); (Tam.; (Tur.; Cheddi Kana NAD); (Japan; POR); EFS); Indika Kandamani Kana Kalvaazhai WO2); (Kan.; Kalahu WO2); (Kan.; EFS); WO2); Bale (Kan.; Kadu NAD); (Kan.; Kaelahu (Kon.; Kaelaphool NAD); Kakale USN); EFS; (Dutch; Bloemriet POR); Indisch (Afrikaans; (Ger.; Blumenrohr Indisches Cane Flowering Reed (Eng.; EFS); Indian-Shot (Eng.; POR; TAN; USN); (Sp.;Rosario EFS); Indiese Huevo (Bel.; deGato Kanna BNA); Bread Shot (Eng.; Indian EFS); Indian (Tel.;IHB); Chettu Gensa (USN); Gruya DEP; Guri NAD); (Pun.; DEP); del Hakik Hierba POR); (Nepal; Ganjol (Sunda; Sarvadaa IHB); Gaane Ganjong(Ma.; JFM); (Java; Sunda; NAD); (Eng.; Edible Canna TAN; POR; USN); English Shot (Eng.; POR); deCangrejo Flor ron (Dor.; AHL); Deva Cocoyotzin Keli (Mex.; (Mar.; (Ma.; JFM); DEP; Cucuyu JLH); Ma.; Sp.; AVP; POR); (Col.; JFM; Chumbima Sp.; POR); Cigar- (Ma.; JFM); Chumbimba (Fr.; EFS); Capacho (Col.; Sp.; Ven.; (Col.; Chisgua EFS; (Ma.; JFM); POR); Chankala Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Extracts: Downsides: Dosages: Common Names: Common Synonyms: Illustrations: tion, IC50 =17.41 19.25 and respectively μg/ml, (X15951145). Cip31 extract, μg/ml); the from two proteins Cip14, and showedHIV-1 significant inhibi- RT (X11050667; X15305305). HIV-1 Water inhibited RT rhizomes of extract the (IC50 =22.56 =55.65 LC50 extract root ethanol mg/l mg/l, Root molluscicidal =6.54 LC50 extract this species. totoxicity of titles alluding ofAs July 2007, three FDA the listed Poisonous Database Plant (NAD). water pepper with rice swollen, in of and boiled root poisonous fragments grass (NAD). for toear applied earache 1–2 oz (1:20) decoction (NAD). having For cattle ingested diureticFNFF = !! Young coffee tubers eaten, cooked, or used as starch source (TAN). substitute Juice of leaves a (WO2). Juice of rhizome for diarrhea (IHB). Warm seed juice de Santé (Guad.;de Santé Haiti; VOD); (Creole; desAntilles Thé AVP; Haiti; Mart.; VOD); de Thé JTR); delaGuadelupe (Guy.; Thé AVP); (Creole; desAnglais Thé Guad.; Haiti; VOD); Thé Peyi (Creole; VOD); Haiti; Té Silvestre (Sp.; d’Amérique Thé JFM); AVP; Mart.; (Haiti; Indigen (Creole; Haiti; VOD); Té Nacional (Sp.; Té JFM); Pays (Creole; Haiti; VOD); Té Monte (Sp.; Té JFM); deSalud (Sp.; Te (Dor.; JFM); Sp.; Maria deSanta AVP; FAC); Té Té del Pais (Pr.; JTR; USN); Té del Peru (Peru; SOU); Té de MexicoRAR); (Peru; Té Criollo (Col.; SOU); AVP); Té SOU); RAR); (Peru; Té de Té (Peru; Antilles delas delaChina AUS; Curacao; Bonaire; Tasajo JFM); (Chiapas; AUS); Té (Dor.; Pr.; AVP); Té (Peru; Chino (Dor.;Suisse AHL); Tan (Bel.; AVP; Chi AAB; BNA); Tantje Tantsji (Ma.; JFM); (Aruba; JAD; (Dor.; SOU); AHL); Maria Santa Stow-Weed (Eng.;Stow-Wort JFM); (Eng.; JFM); (Bel.;Uil BNA); AAB; Pasmoxiu (Mex.; AVP; (Sp.; Pericon MAX); Tea Peru JFM); (Eng.; Majuito (Cuba; JTR); Malvavisco JFM; (Mex.; AUS); Pasmo (Mex.; AUS); Pasmo Wa-Xi- (Mex.; AUS); deGallina Lengua GMJ); (Cuba; JTR); JFM; Magüiro Kawissey (Palikur; nybush Te (Eng.; Hierba JFM); (Pan.; AUS; USN); IED; Tea Jamaica (Eng.; AVP; FAC); Fregosa (Dor.; Ven.; AVP; JTR); (Eng.; Goatweed Jam.; AUS; AVP; USN; VOD); Gran- (Sp.; (Sp.; Escobilla JFM); (Col.; Escobo JFM); JTR); Feregosa JFM; (Dor.; AVP); AHL; ache Bush Escabiosa (Eng.; JTR); (Cuba; JFM); Esclabiosa JFM; (Cuba; AVP); Esclaviosa Coat Weed (Eng.; JTR); (Pan.; IED); Cola deCaballo (Pan.; AUS); Cola deGallo Ear- (Maya; AVP); (Bel.; Claudiosa Mex.; AVP; Claviosa BNA; (Bel.; MAX); BNA); AAB; JTR; Mexico (Por.; AUS; (Por.; Preto Chá AVP); JFM); Promonga (Por.; Chá AVP); Chocuil-Xiu de Cravo MPB); MPB); (Brazil; (Por.; (Brazil; deLima deMarajó Chá Chá do Chá JFM); (Por.; TerraMPB); da Chá (Brazil; MPB); JFM); Antilhas deBoi Chá das (Brazil; Chá (Fr.;de DosFlores VOD); Cravo Chá MPB); (Por.; (Brazil; America da Chá AVP); Chá MPB); (Fr.; (Brazil; Capraire VOD);Balsamnha (Fr.; Fleurs VOD); àDeux Capraire Capria Capraria hirsuta p 311 (MPB); p176 (AAB) Willd.; C. semiserrata semiserrata C. HBK; var. var. PERU TEA ( TEA PERU C. lanceolataC. berterii SCROPHULARIACEAE (A. DC.) Benth.;(BAZ). fide Capraria biflora M. Vahl; C. mexicana mexicana C. L.) + Grisebach; Grisebach; C. semiserrata semiserrata C. 155 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 156 Dosages: Indications: Activities: r r r r r r r r r r r r r chew leaves (JFM). the countrymen like FNFF = !! Dry leaves and flowers make good tea substitute (FAC). Some Dutch West Indian X16042338); Uterosis (f; Wounds JTR); (f; IED; MAX); VD (f; JFM; JTR). AHL; (f; VOD); (f; Rheumatism AAB); Spasms (f; Stomachache GMJ); (f; MPB); JTR; Tumors (1; sis (f; AUS); AAB; (f; VOD); JFM; Ophthalmia (f1; Pain FT74:686; AAB; Pulmonosis JFM); Measles (f; (f; (f; MAX); Nausea (f; Leukorrhea GMJ); Insomnia JFM; JFM); Nephro- JFM); (f; BloodHigh Pressure VOD); Hyperglycemia (f1; AUS; VOD); (f1; Infection MPB; VOD); VOD); (f; Gas AUS; (f; (f; Headache Gonorrhea (f; MAX); Hemorrhoids GMJ); JFM); AHL); (f;trosis VOD); Fever (f; (f; (f; JTR); Flu Flatulence AHL; JFM); AUS; (f1; Fungus JFM); Dyspepsia (f; AUS; MPB); (f; (f; Earache Dysuria VOD); JFM); Enterosis (f; VOD); Epigas- JTR);(f; Digestion JFM; (f; AHL; MPB); GMJ; JFM; (f; Dysmenorrhea AUS; AAB; JFM); tosis (f; AUS); AAB; (f;(f1; Diabetes Dermatosis JFM); AUS; VOD); MAX; IED; Diarrhea Conjunctivosis (f; AUS; VOD); (f; (f; Coughs Cramps AUS; AAB; JFM); AAB; Cys- GMJ); (f; AUS); (f; Colds (f; JFM); Childbirth AUS; Colic (f; Congestion JFM); (f; JFM); AAB); (1;breast X16042338); Cancer, colon (1; X16042338); (1; Cancer, skin X16042338); (f; (f;Alopecia IED); AAB); Arthrosis Bronchosis (1; (f; Cancer JFM); X16042338); Cancer, JTR);Sudorific JFM; (f; Tonic AHL; (f; AUS; JFM; VOD); JTR).(f; Vulnerary ticide (1; JNP63:1515); Purgative (f; GMJ; VOD); Sedative (f; (f; GMJ); Stimulant MPB); (f; AHL); Fungicide (f1; VOD); Hypoglycemic (f1; AUS; VOD); Hypotensive (f; VOD); Insec- (f; Emetic (f; JFM); AHL); AHL; (f; Emmenagogue AHL); (f; Expectorant VOD); Febrifuge (f;lyrium (f1; Cytotoxic GMJ); AUS; AAB; X16042338); Digestive (f; GMJ; MPB); Diuretic (1; X16042338); (f; Bechic VOD); Cholagogue (f; (f; CNS-Depressant GMJ); AUS; Col- JFM); (1;Antioxidant X16042338); (f1; Antiseptic MPB; VOD); (f; Antispasmodic Antitumor GMJ); colonAnticancer, (1; X16042338); (1; skin Anticancer, X16042338); (f; Antiemetic JFM); Analgesic (f1; FT74:686); (1; Anticancer X16042338); (1; breast Anticancer, X16042338); TeaIndian (Eng.; FAC); Worry Bush (Eng.; (Nscn). JFM). FoZom (Creole; VOD); Haiti; (Ma.; AUS; Viuda (Cuba; JTR); JFM); West JFM; (Guad.; AVP); Pays Thé (Creole; Guad.; Guy.; AVP; AVP); Suisse (Haiti; GMJ); Thé Twa AVP); Guadelupe (Creole; Thé Wi.; Muray (Creole; GMJ); Thé Haiti; VOD); Murraile Thé (His.; AHL); duMexico AVP);St. Domingue Thé (Haiti; duPays Thé (Guad.; St. Bart.; Dominicans use shoot infusion with ginger as apurgative as ginger with useshoot before (VOD). infusion worming Dominicans (VOD). epigastrium the in for oil castor with useshoot decoction pain Dominicans for acollyrium conjunctivosis as decoction useleaf (VOD).Dominicans children’s boiled in (AHL). put abranch topreventDominicans diarrhea milk (AHL). tohemorrhoids apply lard powdered pork in leaf Dominicans for decoction cold diuretic (JFM). usethe Curaçaoans give toone-week-old decoction the Curaçaoans babies (JFM). “changing skin” Cubans use the tea as vaginal douche, possibly vaginal as tea alleviating usethe Cubans onwounds (AHL) tea (JTR). febrifuge astringent as usethe and Cubans (X17362507). female complaints and pain plant for usethe menstrual Caribs (AAB). pain rheumatic and nephrosis, tosis, diabetes, leaves 3cups water in for cough, cys- sip (handful 10 tea Belizeans min) for arthrosis, “pasmo” (a condition of orcongestion) blood stagnation (AAB). by affected 2whole areas boil body water 2gal 10 tobathe in plants Belizeans min (JFM). plant usingjuice for the earache childbirth, plant tofacilitate the take Bahamans Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Candida (AUS). Candida Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Common Names: Common Notes: Illustrations: Extracts: Downsides: Ahi (Ese Ahi Spices Medicinal per (Eng.;per AVP; JTR); Birosi JFM; (Raj.; Bisho NPM); (Ese Bell Pepper (Eng.; FAC; VOD); IED); Barkono (Ca.;Ati (Afr.; Garifuna; Hausa;AVP; Bilber KAB); (Ger.; Beissbeere EFS; TAN); (Tur.; EB54:155); (Ulwa; ULW); (Ulwa; ULW); AVP); (Rom.; Ardeiu (Peru; Anmak Angmak KAB); Arnaucho Bird Chilli (Eng.; HOS); Bird Pep-Sp.; AVP; Ají (Cuba; Picantel JFM); Sp.; AVP); (Sp.; Ají Quinillo SOU); Ají Titi (Dor.; AHL); AHL); Ají (Dom.; Sp.; Morron AVP); Ají Pajarito (Col.; Sp.; AVP; JTR); Ají (Pr.; JFM; Picante Mono (Sp.; SOU); Ají (Sa.; Montaña RAR); Ají (Dom.; Montecino AVP); Ají Moron (Dor.; Sp.; AVP; JTR); Sp.; Aji (Peru; Largo AVP); Aji (Sa.; Limon RAR); Ajillo (Pan.; AVP); Ají JAD); Ají (Cuba; dePlaza JTR); Aji (Dor.; Dulce Sp.; Ven.; AVP); AHL; Aji (Cuba; Guaguao AHL); Ají Comun (Cuba; (Dor.; JTR); Aji AHL); deGallina Ají del Salon (Dor.; AHL; Peru; (Sp.; SOU); (Col.; Aji Chirel Ven.; AVP); Aji (Sp.; Chivata Ajicito JFM); Montesino (Dor.; AVP); Aji (Pr.; Caballero Sp.; AVP; (Dor.; Aji Ven.; Caribe JFM); AVP; TRA); Aji Chinchana (Cuba;Agujeta AVP); Ají Bobito (Dor.; AHL); Ají (Dom.; Boniato AVP); Ají Bravo (Sal.; Sp.; NAD); Caja Pan.; (Kuna; IED); Capsique (Fr.; BOU); Cayenne (Eng.; FAC); Cayenne Pepper cum annuum annuum cum taxonomically, as e.g., hotpepper confused often the only are treats ates Morton often onesare hotter The p 149 (CR2) C. frutescens cancer, and also exhibited strong antioxidant activity (X16042338) activity antioxidant strong exhibited also cancer, and skin breast, colon, and lines, especially growth of tumor fivecell inhibited stronglyBiflorin totoxicity species. titles of alluding this of As overdose July in paralysis 2007, three FDA (MAX). listed the Poisonous Database Plant (SOU); stupefacient paralytic muscularly be may and dosescan causevertigoLarge and r r r r r r r r Yucatanese apply tea as lotion on ovarian and uterine problems (JTR; MAX). problems (JTR; Yucatanese uterine and apply lotion as onovarian tea nausea(JFM). and for decoction Venezuelans diarrhea astringent the take ing (JFM). fever, dysmenorrhea, for decoction childbirth, flu,and take measles, vomit- Trinidadans for decoction weak colic,and dyspepsia, take fever flatulence, Ricans (JFM). Puerto MAX). (JFM; nephrosis and leucorrhea, (10 decoction hepatosis,Mexicans take water) gonorrhea, liter 300 gin for diarrhea, blood (AHL;high pressure VOD). and for ailments in flower lung and as useleaf tea expectorant or decoction Haitians 3×/day) drops juice (2–4 leaf drop (VOD). for earache Haitians for bronchosis colds (JFM). and good and febrifuge, diuretic, digestive, tea the consider Martiniquans and Guadelupans ’ eja; Sp.; AVP; MD2); (Arab.; Ahmur NAD); Ají Sp.; (Peru; AVP; LOR; MDD); Ají var. var. var. var. (HOS). baccatum minimum CAPSICUM ( C. frutescens Irish) (JFM). We treat it as (syn. as” or“often recorded SOLANACEAE Capsicum , the sweeter ones , the spp.) ++ C. frutescens ’ eja; EFS; (Sanskrit; MD2); Bruhi C. frutescens C. annuum , but the intermedi- , but the in our , C. baccatum, Handbook ofHandbook Capsi- 157 or C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 158 Zouezeau (Haiti; AHL); Piment Zouezo (Haiti; AHL); Pimiento (Eng.; AHL); AHL); (Haiti; Zouezo AVP); (Haiti; Pimiento Piment Zouezeau Aji Pimiento JTR); (Eng.; Pimento FAC); (Fr.; Oiseau Piment AVP); Plomb Piment (Guad.; AVP); Piment (Fr.;BOU); desJardins AVP); Piment AHL); (Fr.; (Haiti; Enrage Doux Piment Piment AVP; Cultivee (Fr.; BOU); deCayenne Piment (Fr.; (Fr.; TRA); des Jardines Gabon; JLH; Piment CapsiquePiment (Fr.; AHL); (Fwi.; (Haiti; JTR); EFS); Chien Piment Caraibe Piment Piment (Por.;EFS); Maca Pimentão AVP); AVP); Bouc (Haiti; Piment Cabresse(Guad.; Piment AVP); (Por.; AVP); Cumari Pimentão (Por.; deCaiene Pimentão (Por.; EFS); deCheiro Pimentão Anuele (Fr.;Piment AVP; (Por.; Pimentao KAP); AVP); (Por.; Comprido Pimentão AVP); Zwazo (Creole;Piman VOD); Haiti; (Fr.; Piment AVP; Haiti; BOU); (Sp.; Pimenta AVP); (Creole; TRA); KAB; Piman VOD);hili; Haiti; TRA; (Creole; Bouk Piman Haiti; VOD); Peperone (It.; AVP; EFS); (Sa.; (Fr.; Petit Piment (Fr.; TRA); SOU); Pichirina Swa- Pilipili (Eng.; Hun.; FAC; KAB); Pasitis (Tag.; KAB); (It.; Pepe deGuinea EFS); Peper (Sur.; AVP); Uchu (Sa.; Biberi (Tur.; SOU); Ôili EFS); O`t (Vn.; EB42:413); (Rom.; Paprica KAB); Paprika (Bol.; DLZ); Muragay (Tam.; SKJ); Nayop NAD); Nupu (Burma; KAP); Nayusi (Burma; Molagay (Tam.; NAD); (Mal.;WOI); ADP; Mulaku Mullagay (Tam.; KAB); Municion Uchu NAD); (Kon.; NAD); NAD); (Mah.; Mirsang Uchu Mirsinga (Que.; Mishqui DLZ; SOU); Mar.; Wangum EFS; Yunani; (; (Kas.; WO2); Mirch KAP); Mirchi (Iran; Surkh Mirch NPM); (Mooshar; Mirchai NPM); (Tharu; Guj.;(Bhojpuri; SKJ); Mircha NPM; KAB; Hindi; (Tam.;Milagay WOI); ADP; (Tel.; Mirapa Pakaya ADP); (Tel.; Mira SKJ; WOI); Mirch NAD; WOI); KAB; (Kan.; WOI); (Kan.; Menashinakayi Mensina Kai (Sin.; Meris KAP); NAD); (Sanskrit; NAD); (Pun.; Wangru (Kum.; NAD); Mattisa Mattisa SKJ); Marichiphalam (Guj.; Marchu NPM); (Limbu; Marchi NAD); ADP); (Bihar; (Ben.; Maricha Sanskrit; Marich (Guj.; Marcha NPM); (Newari; Malta Tamang; NAD; (Kas.; Marchawangun WO2); NPM); (Sa.; Malagueta KAP); SOU); EFS); (Nepal; Malabhata (India; EFS); (Dutch; Malabari peper NAD); (Mah.; (Sa.;KAB); Mirchi Locoto Lavungi SOU); (Dwi.; KAB); Lombok Lombok- (Pi.; (Ben.; SKJ); Lara (Ben.; NAD); Marich Lankamirch (Ben.; Lanka KAP); Maric Lanka (Ben.; NAD); (Oriya; WO2); Lalmoricho ADP); Lalmirichi (Ben.;KAP); Sanskrit; Lanka (Hindi; KAB); Lalmirchi (Hindi; SKJ); ADP; Lalmircha (Hindi; (Urdu; KAB); Mirch Lal Txob EB57:365); (Hmong; EFS); (China; Mutia (Malaya; EFS); Chiao Lada La Lalmarach Biber (Tur.;Kirmizii EFS); Yine; Komlu (Piro; MD2); (Rus.; Peretz KAB); Krasniy Kua Togorashi (Chepang; SKJ); Khursya Kidachi NPM); (Sikkim; (Japan; TAN); Khurshaney Majhi; SUW); Nepal;NPM; Magar; (Danuwar; AVP); Khursani (Gurung; NPM); Khorsani NAD); Kelekeke (Sudan; KAP; KAB; (Sanskrit; IED); Pan.; Katuvira (Kuna; SOU); Kapur (Ben.;Hindi; NAD); Jhal SOU);Jima SKJ); (Aguaruna; Jeeray (Ocaina; Jahfiilla (Sikkim; SOU); MD2); Hugn (Huachipaeri; Ifelfel (Ber.; BOU); (Maya; AVP); Ik (Cocama; SOU); Iki EFS); Hot Pepper (Eng.; HOS; VOD); Hov Txob Nplej EB57:365); (Hmong; (Aym.; Huaica KAB); (Tel.;Gnnayoke Pepper (Eng.;Golakonda Goat (Burma; JFM); (Sp.; KAB); Guindilla NAD; WOI); (Tel.; Galakonda NAD); (Sin.; Mirch Garho NAD); (Sin.; Gasmiris NAD); (China; KAP);KAB); Fulfilisurkh(Iran; Gachmaich(Ben.; KAB); GachMirichi (Hindi; Ahmer(Arab.;NAD); KAB;(Iran; EFS; NAD; Filfile Ahmar WOI); Franchiao Filfile KAP); (Arab.;Rumi BOU); Felfel Torshi (Arab.; BOU); Felfila (Arab.; BOU); Fibl e Abmar (Arab.; (Arab.;Felfel BOU); Ahmar Felfel (Arab.; Haar BOU); Felfel Helw (Arab.; BOU); Felfel (Col.; AVP); (Fr.; desJardins AVP; Corail BOU); (It.; Corallo KAB); (Sunwar; Du NPM); (Aym.;Huaica SOU); Choxnya Wayk’a (Aym.; DLZ); Chyoots (Amuesha; SOU); Conguito Uchu (Sa.;Chinche (Col.; SOU); Chirel Ven.; AVP; Chivato (Col.; JLH); AVP); Chojnya (Sal.;Chilpepe AVP); (Cr.; Chilpete AVP); (Sp.; (Mex.; Chiltepe Chiltepen AVP); JFM); (Sp.; Pepper (Eng.; FAC; Chili JFM); VOD); (Ber.; Pepper (Eng.; Chilla BOU); HOS); Chilli (Sal.;de Sp.; AVP; Juipin (Mex.; Chile AVP); JFM); (Sal.; Largo Chile AVP); Chilillo (Mex.;Chiltepen AVP); deMonte (Sp.; Chile deVelleno Chile JFM); (Sal.; Sp.; AVP); Chile WO2); (Mal.; Chalie (Malaya; KAP); (Sp.; Charapilla Bravo SOU); Chile (Sp.; Chile JFM); (Eng.; AVP; VOD); NAD); (Mal.; KAB; Sabrong Chabai (Malaya; EFS); Chabai Chakeai Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Indications: Activities: PHR; WBB;PHR; WO2); Nervosa (f; Anorexia PH2); (f; VOD); Anxiety (f; FNF); Arrhythmia (f;Alopecia PR14:401); (f; (f; Amebiasis Angina HDN); LIB; MAB); (f1; Anorexia APA; Adenoma (1; X11604990); (f; Ague IED); (f1; Alcoholism PH2; NAD; PHR; WO2); HH2; Vermifuge (f; (f1; Vulnerary UPW); WO2). (1;Urease-Inhibitor X16158935); (f1; Uterocontractant TRA); Vasoconstrictor (f; TRA); (f1; LIB);Thermogenic HAD; Tonic FNF; (f1; APA; PNC; WAM); (f1; Ulcerogenic WO2); (f; BOU; NAD; WBB); NPM; IED; (1; Sucrase-Promoter JE50:167); Synergist (1; PED); PED); Stomachic NPM; BGB; BOU; IED; (f1; AHL; (f1; APA; WBB); Stimulant Sialogogue (1;Radioprotective WO2; X10775394); Rubefacient (f12; APA; BOU; PED; NPM; TRA); Neurotoxic5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor (1; (1; MCK); Maltase-Promoter JE50:167); (f; Neurotonic AHL); (1; KOM); (1;tant APA); (1; Lacrymatory MCK); (1; Lipase-Promoter JE50:167); Lipolytic (f; TAD); OrexigenicHypoglycemic (1; DAD); (1; Hypotriglyceridemic APA); (1; Insecticide UPW; WBB); Irri- (f1; BGB); (f1; (f; Hemostat 60P); (2; Hyperemic KOM); Hypocholesterolemic (1; APA; LE2); APA;olytic (f1; LIB; PH2); MAB; Fungicide (1; X16784815); BOU; (f1; Gastrogogue APA); Hemolytic APA);AHL; PR14:401); (f; Diuretic (f; BOU; (f1; Expectorant Febrifuge HDN); JFM); TAD); Fibrin- APA; DAD; TRA); RIN; Detoxicant (f; BOW); (f1; Diaphoretic BGB; PED); Digestive (f1; Propecic (f1;Curare (1; Cytotoxic HDN); X16158935); Poison (f; Dart WBB); (f1; Decongestant (f1; (1;onigenic (f12; WO2); APA; Counterirritant PED); COX-2-Inhibitor (1; X145302140); PR14:401); (f1; (f1; TRA); Circulatory-Stimulant PED); KAB; (f; CNS-Stimulant LIB); Corticoster- BGB; PED; 60P); (f1; Catabolic 60P); HAD; Chemopreventive (1; X16158935); Choleretic Channel-Blocker (1; TAD); (f1; Carcinogenic TAD); (f; Cardiotonic NAD); (f1; Carminative (1;Bradycardiac WO2); (1; Bronchoconstrictor TAD); (f1; Bronchodilator APA); Calcium- (1; WO2); (f; Aphrodisiac BOU); (f1; Astringent PED); (1; Bactericide PED; PH2; TRA); (f1;spasmodic PED); (1; Antitumor X16158935); (f1; Antiulcer APA; BGB; PED); Antiviral (1;prostaglandin X145302140); (1; (f1; Antiseptic Antipsoriac FNF); HDN; PNC; 60P); Anti- X17091773); X16158935; (1; (1; (1; Antioxidant JNU); Antinitrosaminic Anti-MDR SKY; TAD); TAD; WAM); (f1; Antiplatelet (1; MCK); Anti- Antiischemic WO2); WAM; TAD; APA; X16158935); (1; mouth Anticancer, X16158935); (f1; (f; Antidote IED); Antiinflammatory (1; TAD); (1; (f1; Antiaggregant PH2; MCK);(f1; SKY); Antiarthritic Anticancer TAD; Adrenergic (1; LIB); Analgesic (f12; APA; JAD; ULW; VOD; WAM; 60P); Anesthetic MD2). Shipibo/Conibo; (Amahuaca; Yuchi JTR); Wayk’a JFM; (Eng.; Pepper (Aym.; Wild DLZ); NAD);(Mal.; Usimulagay (Tam.; WO2); Wasa (Callawaya; DLZ); Wayk’a (Aym.; DLZ); Wila Uchu NPM); (Tibet; Ka (Arg.; Que.; AVP; MD2); DLZ); Upperparanki Ugn (Amarakaeri; Togarashi TAN); (Japan; Touanka KAP; (Afr.; AVP); Tsikame MD2); (Matsigenka; Tsi-Tra- (Eng.; HOS; VOD); Pepper (Eng.; AVP); Thilly EFS); (Iran; Ti-Piment Tiffile (Guad.; AVP); (Swe.;Peppar EFS); Pepper (Nor.; Spansk KAB); Pepper (Eng.; Spur HOS); Tabasco Pepper Spansk EFS); (Den.; (Ger.; AVP); Peber Spansicher Spansk KAP); (Eng.; Pepper Spanish (Tel.; Soodimirapakaaya WO2); JLH); (Madagascar; EFS);Sakaipilo Peper (Dutch; Spaanse HOS); Pepper Red (Eng.; AVP; VOD); JTR; Rocoto (Col.; NPM); (Lepcha; IED); Saghakar (Eng.;Uchu KAB); (Que.; Chili Red (Brazil; (Vis.; DLZ); Quiticot KAB); Quiya Cumari VOD); Q’ellu Wayk’a DLZ); Q’ellu (Que.; Haiti; Uchu (Creole; Q’omer (Aym.; Kayèn DLZ); UchuTAN); Puca (Que.; Uchu DLZ); (Bol.; Pucuna DAV); DLZ); (Peru; Pucunucho Pway AVP); Poivriere deCayenne (Fr.; AVP); Poivrier long (Fr.; BOU); Poivron (Fr.; AVP; BOU; EFS); Poivre d’Espagne (Fr.; AVP); Poivre d’Indie (Fr.; BOU); Poivre (Fr.; Long Gaud.; (Moldavia;SOU); KAB); Piperus Pod Pepper (Eng.; AVP); (Fr.; Poivre deGuinee BOU; (Sp.; AVP); (Sp.; (Sa.; delaIndia Pimiento Malaguete (Sa.; SOU); EFS); Pimienton Pimineto 159 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 160 Vertigo (f; VOD); (1; Viruses WO2); (f; Whitlow VOD); Worms (f; Wounds UPW); (f1; JFM; X16158935; X17002415); (f; UTIs PH2); Varicose Veins (1; JAD; WBB; WO2); (f; VD WO2); X16158935); Typhoid (f; IED); Typhus (f; JAF49:3101); KAB; (f1; Ulcers BGB; LIB; MCK; (f; HDN; ADP; LIB); Toothache (f1; DAV; 60P); Tuberculosis (f; Tumors UPW); (f1; NAD; JAD); Tension (f12; PH2); (1; Thumb-Sucking APA; BGB); (f; Thyropathy PED); Tonsilosis PH2); Surfeit (f; Swelling (f; JFM); DAD; WBB); Tachycardia (1; Tennis Elbow FNF); (1; Stomatosis (f;JFM); LIB); (f1; Strain APA); (f1; PH2); PHR; KAB; (f1; Sprains JFM; ADP; APA); ADP; Stomachache (f; JAF49:3101; PH2);HH2; Shingles (f1; APA; VOD); Bite Snake (f; MD2); 60P); IED; (f; Sores (f; LIB); Sore Throat Ringworm PR14:401); JLH; (1; WO2); HDN; (f; Scabies (f; MD2); Fever Scarlet (f; PH2); ADP; (f1; Sciatica Rhinosis PH2); (f; Seasickness TRA); PH2; PHR; APA; monosis (f; ULW; IED; 60P); Rabies (f; Respirosis HDN); (f; (f12; ULW); IED; Rheumatism lation (1; WAM); (f; Proctosis (f12; LIB); Prurigo ABS); (f1; Psoriasis APA; SKY); FNF; Pul- WO2); (f1; Pharyngosis DAD; PH2; WOI); (f; Plague WBB); (f; Pneumonia LIB); Poor Circu- (f;Otosis PH2); (f12; Pain APA; BGB; JAD; PH2; ULW; VOD; WAM; WBB); (f; Paralysis (1; PR14:401); Obesity (f1; (f; HAD); VOD); FNF; Ophthalmia (f1; LIB; Osteoarthrosis TAD); VOD); (f1; Neuralgia APA; SKY; VOD; WO2); (1; Neuropathy TAD); Paresthetica Notalgia X10548758); Myosis (f12; PH2); PHR; Nausea (f; VOD); (f; Nephrosis LIB); Nervousness (f; X17091773); (f1; VOD); Migraine NMH; FNF; Myalgia (f12; APA; KOM; PNC); Mycosis (1; (f;(f; PH2); NAD; PHR; KAB; IED; Malaria HDN); Mastosis (f; (1; MDR JLH); X16158935; (f1;Labor (f; 60P); PNC); Laryngitis Lumbago (f1; APA; PH2; NAD; PHR; PNC); Madness PHR); (1; Ischemia Itch (f12; FNF); ABS; MCK); Jaundice (f; HDN; WO2); (f; Kernel JLH); (f1; Infection JLH); HDN; PH2; ULW); IED; (f1;TRA; Inflammation WO2); Inorgasmia (f; Hydrocele (f; (f; Impotence HDN); BOU; LIB; PHR); (1; Incontinence (f; MCK); Induration lesterol (1; APA; LE2; TRA); Triglycerides High (1; APA); (f; Hoarseness PHR); KAB; ADP; WBB; WO2); (1; Zoster Herpes DAV; SKY; VOD); (f; Blood High Pressure VOD); Cho- High (1; X16158935; X17002415); (f; Hemorrhoids BOU; ADP; WBB); JFM; IED; Hepatosis (f; PH2); Hay Fever (1; (f1; Headache RIN); APA; WAM); Colds Head (f1; RIN); Measles (f;man (f; HDN); Giddiness IED); (f; Gonorrhea WO2); Gout (f; NAD; KAB; IED; (f;Gangrene LIB); (f1; Gas APA; DAV; NAD); (f1; Gastrosis WO2); PH2; TRA; JFM; Ger- PH2; TAD; VOD); (f; Flu DAV); Frostbite (f; BGB; PH2; PHR; SPI); (1; Fungus X10548758); (f;thelioma JLH); WO2); (f; (f; Dysuria HDN); Earache IED); ADP; (f; Edema PH2); Enterosis (f; PH2); Epi- (f;Dropsy IED); Dyspepsia (f1; APA; BGB; PH2; NPM; VOD; IED; WO2); Dyspnea (f; DAV; (f; PH2); PHR; (f1; Dipsomania PH2; NAD; PHR; WO2); HH2; (f; Diphtheria LIB; NAD); sor Hyperreflexia (1; PR14:401); Diabetes (1;APA); Diabetic Neuropathy (1; Diarrhea SKY); PR14:401); (f; WO2); Dandruff (f; LIB; NAD); KAB; Delirium (f; Dermatosis ULW); Detru- Costosis (f; Coughs HDN); (f; PH2); (f12; JFM; Cramps KOM; PH2); Cystosis (f; LIB; (f; DAD; Conjunctivosis JFM); (f; (f; Consumption HDN); Convulsions UPW); (f; HDN); APA); Colds (f1; Colic (f1; APA; RIN); JFM; APA; PNC); JFM; (f; Coma Congestion HDN); (1;Chromhidrosis LIB); (f; Ciguatera AHL); PNC; WO2); (f1; (f; 60P); Childbirth Chills APA); Cholera (f; JAF49:3101; IED; ADP; PH2); (1;racts DAD); Chest Colds (f; Chickenpox UPW); (f1; JFM; APA); (f1; Chilblains BGB; (1; Carcinoma JLH); X16158935); (f1; Cardiopathy (f; PH2; PHR; Caries UPW); HDN); Cata- X11604990); (f1; Cancer, mouth X16158935); JLH; Cancer, nose (f; (f; Cancer, skin JLH); Bursitis (f1; SKY); (f1; Cancer X16158935); JLH; Cancer, (f; breast colon Cancer (1; JLH); (f1; APA); (f; Bubonic (f; Plague Burns UPW); (1; LIB); Mouth Syndrome Burning PR14:401); (1;teria X10548758; X17002415); (f; Bleeding DAD); Bronchosis UPW); Boils (f; JFM; IED; Atony (f; JNU); JFM; ADP); (1;Arteriosclerosis (pain) (f12; PH2); PHR; Arthrosis APA; (f1; PH2; PHR; TRA); Asthma Escherichia Bacillus (1; X10548758); (f; Exanthem Fever UPW); (f1; PHR; IED; Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook (1; LIB; X10548758); Backache (f1; APA; WBB); Bac- Streptococcus Clostridium (1; MCK); Cluster (1; Headache (1; LIB; MCK); Stroke (1; PHR; Helicobacter Salmonella Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Downsides: Dosages: to be irritant, “The toxicity of the capsaicinoids has reportedly not been ascribed toany one ascribed not been toxicity reportedly capsaicinoids has of “The the irritant, to be et al., 1998). (1996) (Fleming same capsaicinoids Phillipson and Newall, report , reapplying (this isnot followed often country) (AEHD), this PDR in Herbal suggests the the reactions (KOM).rarely allergic 2days, for Not used 14-day tobe with morethan lapse before hypersensitivity, properties; skin, adverse of and of effects damaged irritant contraindications eyes ornear (AHP, onbroken skin Contraindicated 2d. 1997).Class Ereports Commission r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r of (NMH). cayenne afewHumphrey, for grains suggests migraine RN, inhaling capsaicinoids) (SF). levels Iconsider higher these strong, not too dangerous. Sheila if rather 0.075% capsaicin); Steve Foster gives levels (for 10 higher 100 higher, CAN times and times of 0.25–0.75% (SF); (0.025– capsaicin mine some people work than stronger with ointments 0.0225–0.075%(CAN). reports but Isee capsaicin, Topical methinks, should StX contain, capsules 3×/day 450 1StX 2.5% mgcapsule 3×/day (NH); Topical strength (NH). maximum mg powdered cayenne (PNC); mgcapsicum 0.6–2.0 oleoresin (CAN; PNC); 2–3 (450 mg) water (PED); ml /1 fruit:1 water ml (SF); 30–120 fruit/cup mgdry 200 0.5–1 dry tsp (PED); 3×/day fruit (PNC); (PED); 30–120 mgfruit (CAN); mgdry fruit 100–300 ½cup fresh (APA);tincture (CAN; 0.3–1.0 tincture PNC; SKY); fruit tincture ml 0.05–0.15 fruit strong (APA); spice/cup cavities tsp meals in for water ¼–½ after toothache. tamped dropper ¼–½ paste curry green leaves their togreen ahot-pepper flavored and pepper or red soybean paste tostewsadded soups, e.g., and Andean FNFF = !!! Fruits widely eaten, raw, cooked, dried, or pr low Fever (f; JAF49:3101; PH2). KAB; VOD; WO2); (1; Xerostomia Yaws FNF); (f; Yeast UPW); (1; X10548758; X16784815); Yel- (NAD). West felt “at epigastrium usecapsicum the torelieve by Indians drunkards” sinking the chest colds, cough (JFM). for and decoction asthma, leaf take Trinidadans liomas (JLH). for DT’s eatfruits Madagascans (KAB); apply ( powdered fruits for infusion dyspepsia, fever, fruit useripe nervousness (VOD).Haitians and nausea, (VOD). onto rheumatism tincture fruit rub Haitians (VOD). leaves dress vulnerary onto and Haitians whitlows wounds cicatrizant and as leaves apply vertigo and (VOD). greased Haitians toforehead for migraine (KAB). for cinchona with malaria fruit the take Guianans nose of (JLH). the applyGabonese plant tocancers the for decoction blood leaf (VOD). high pressure pepper bell take Dominicans anxiety (BOD). and basil with infusion leaf pepper give achili Dominicans leaves pound wounds onto topoultice oil soresand (VOD). shark Caribs in Dominican (JFM). diuretic antihemorrhoidal as eatfruit Guadelupans and Cubans overeating for decoction (JFM). root gastrosis after colic and take BriBri Rican Costa (VOD). juice (not Ihope) usefruit hotpepper eye ophthalmia as in Caribs drops (JFM). leaves apply crushed orwithout toboils oil with castor Curaçaoans and Bahamians (NAD). suggest plaster of Indians amber, black forAsian garlic pepper, lumbago capsicum, and (NAD). cravings of dipsomanics the and tremens delirium for and calming suggest cinnamon capsicum with Indians tea Asian for asafetida cholera (ADP). fried opium and with decoction fruit take Indians Asian “ “ gkaeng kiow wahn locro ” ; Koreans use dry pepper leaves, thin threads, leaves, threads, pepper thin usedry ; Koreans eserved; leaveseserved; or potherb as steamed “ kochugang ” (EB54:155; FAC; TAN). Seeds C. minimum Tabebuia ” ; Thais add the green green the add ; Thais for pediatric for pediatric ) to epithe- to ) 161 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 162 Extracts: Common Names: Common Illustrations: inhibition, possibly due to higher carotene and polyphenol and content possibly (X16158935).inhibition, carotene duetohigher suggesting tumor-specific cytotoxicity,displayedalso and MDRurease reversaland activity cells, oral human normal three against than rather lines cell tumor oral human towards three growth of arresting at =250(MIC μg/ml) metronidazole than μg/ml) was =200 moreefficacious(MIC and various pathogens, including various spp activities inhibit well. other as and species Capsicumage, of medicinal extracts both in such acorollary, As Iconfesssynergies that would orchide (HDN). prevail, onaver- also derivatives capsaicin have components the orother Apparently capsaicin. effect asynergistic toxic pure as as ipr rubefacient tomice is4times extract activitiesand (TRA). Capsicum fruit activity. exhibit vasoconstrictor vasculotropicHot decongestant and has peppers Capsaicin totoxicity species. titles of alluding this three listed base that’s (JAD). aplus tobe supposed oraminus of As July 2007, FDA the Poisonous Data- Plant pollution” mucosa insensitive the (PED). make toindustrial mucosa will Idon’t know whether Prolonged exposure sensitivity (PED). may the deaden toany pain “Prolonged exposure to (PHR). neurotoxicity liver and and damage, kidney gastrosis, causechronic dosescan high Prolonged of consumption thermoreceptors. the by affecting hypothermia to life-threatening (1998) have some toxicity heavy duty info: etal. toxic dosages possiblyment. Fleming leading ail- aching their than cure worse weaker.the capsaicin them find of Many my correspondents effectively of many up metabolism hepatic it rendering Unfortunately speed may also reactions. thereby augment sensitization epithelia and orallergic through antigen transfer of blood and mucosal flow. permeability of vascular increase in ing promote Hot spices can activities or to indirect effects on vascular endothelia, smooth muscle, and mast of digestive cells, enhancement toan enzyme result- mayDigestive attributed of be capsaicin properties I. than my less spicy herb, for moreunfortunate orsynthetics taking those beats Sure good. well-known of spicy medications. Interesting, potentiators but tabasco; three black and pepper juice with of grapefruit amixture Iwent tried that, and Reading medications. other may speed I’d toingest some 135 need to415 (TAD). of hotpepper ounces No way. capsicum a/o Paprika Tucker led issuch that mice for (2000) Debaggio tocalculate me, a220 lb and (100 kg) rat, LD50 (CAN). 97–294 toxic oral is190 rats (CAN); LD50 The in in mg/kg oral reported the been has Duke) Jim weight;kg body rat, tohamsters would 100-kilo that 50 μgfor be this of capsicum (0.5 extract μgcapsaicin/ (WAM). 2years administration under dren Chronic (PH2). rhinoconjunctivitis Not and for anaphylaxis with chil- Antigens have associated been (SKY).ulcers MAOIs Capsicum and may blood with (CAN). medicines interfere pressure sion.” Excessive (CAN) or damage may consumption hepatic, renal causegastroenterosis, and hypoten- bradycardia, failure, causing respiratory actiontheir but may dueto be specific Mahogany (Bel.;Mahogany Eng.; BNA; IED); Bois Rouge (Fwi.; AVP); (His.; AHL); deGuinea Cabirma Ma.;SOU; Por.; (Brazil; USN); USN); (Por.; RAI; Andirova Andiroba-Saruba AVP); Bastard Sp.; Peru; Sp.; (Peru; JTR; Anderoba (Brazil; EGG; EGG); (Ma.; JFM); Andiroba Almendron (DAG)pl 200D Streptococcus pyrogenes eioatrin vitro Helicobacter ANDIROBA ( , while individual caspasinoids were individual not, while (MCK). (=) Capsidiol Bacillus cereus Bacillus (X17002415). cytotoxic extracts acetone Some hexane and Carapa guianensis Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook MELIACEAE , B. subtilis , Aubl.) + Aubl.) Clostridium sporogenes , C. tetani, tetani, C. Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Dosages: Indications: Activities: r r r (RAI). orgargled water 2–3×/daywarm internally taken FNFF = X. Not a food plant. 2 drops oil in ear for earache (RAI); 2 ml oil in small glass of Worms (f;JFM); DAV; MPB; SAR); JTR; EGG; Wounds (f; RAI). JTR; EGG; (f; MPB); (f; Tetanus Syphilis JFM); (f; JTR); IED; Ticks (f; DAV); Tumors (1; (f; VD RAI); coma (1; Sores (f; RAI); DAV); (f; Splenosis Sore Throat RAI); (f; JTR); IED; Stomachache (1; (f; JTR); Ringworm (f; (f; JFM; Rashes riasis Rheumatism IED; RAI); MPB); RAI); Sar- (1; (f1; Pain X16134059); RAI); RAI; (f1; Parasites DAV; Pediculosis (f; RAI); MPB); Pso- MyalgiaMPB; (f1; RAI); Mycosis RAI); (f; MPB); Neuroblastoma (1; Osteosarcoma RAI); (f1; DAV; X17122962); RAI; Itch (f; JTR); (f1; (f; Leprosy Lice (f; Malaria RAI); JTR; RAI); (1;Blood Pressure Cholesterol High (1; RAI); (f1; Infection RAI); Inflammation MPB; RAI); (f; MPB); (f; Gastrosis MPB); Hepatosis (f; (f; JTR); IED; Herpes DAV; RAR); EGG; High X16134059); (f; Exanthem MPB); Fever (f; DAV; SAR); JTR; EGG; (f; Flu Fungus RAI); (f; Dysplasia (1; JFM); (1; (f; (f; IED; Diarrhea Diabetes Edema Earache RAI); RAI); RAI); (1;Cervicosis Constipation (f; RAI); JTR); Coughs (f; DAV; (f; Dermatosis DAV; RAI); JTR); (1;Bacteria Boils (f1; (1; (f; RAI); Cancer Bruises (f; Cellulite RAI); RAI); RAI); RAI); Acne (f1; (f; Allergies RAI); DAV; X16134059; RAI; X16399616); (f; DAV; Arthritis RAI); (f;Vulnerary EGG). (1;TNF-alpha-Inhibitor X17122962); Tonic (f; DAV); Vermifuge (f; DAV; MPB; SAR); JTR; MPB); Poison (f; RAR); Purgative (f; IED; JTR); IED; Repellent (1; 15517027; X15669392); tocide (1; X15669392); (1;X16399616; NF-kappaB-Inhibitor X17122962); (f; Pediculicide DAV; (1; Larvicide RAI); X15669392; X16253435; X17304939); Miticide (1; Mosqui- RAI); (1; X17122962); (1; (1; Insecticide Insectifuge RAI); DAV; EGG; X15517027); (f; Ixodifuge DAV; SAR); EGG; Hypocholesterolemic (1; Hypotensive RAI); (1; IL-1beta-Inhibitor RAI); (f; IED); EGG; (1; Bactericide (f; Cicatrizant JTR); RAI); Emollient (f; DAV); (f; Febrifuge (1; (1; Antiprostaglandin X16134059); RAI); Antimalarial (1; Antitumor Astringent RAI); X16134059); (1; X16134059); Antihistaminic (f1; Antiinflammatory DAV; RAI; X17122962); X16399616); (f; DAV; Antiarthritic (1; Antibradykinin X16134059); RAI); (1; Antiedemic Analgesic (f1; X16134059); RAI; (f; (1; EGG); Anthelmintic Antiallergic X16134059; Warawere (Bel.; BNA); Crabwood (Eng.; White JTR). JauneSerapa (Fwi.; JTR); Tangaré Pan.; (Ecu.; Sp.; AVP; DAG; IED); Tololo (Ma.; JFM); roba (Por.; AVP); Sp.; (Peru; Requia EGG); Saba (Nic.; Ulwa; ULW); IED; Sapo (Ma.; JFM); Por.;IED); (Brazil; USN); Nandiroba Noix (Fwi.; deCrab AVP); Randi- Penaiba (Ma.; JFM); Jandiroba (Ma.; JFM); Karaba (Dwi.; JTR); Krappa (Dwi.; JTR); Masábolo (Col.;(Col.; Sp.; Por.; (Brazil; IED); Ma.; Sp.; USN); Por.; Iandiroba (Brazil; USN); Iandirova RAI; AVP; (Dwi.; JTR); Crappo AVP); Figuero (Ecu.; (Ma.; JFM); AVP; Figueroa (Ecu.; DAG); Huino AVP; IED); Macho (Cr.; Cedro Sp.; Peru; AVP; EGG); Crabwood (Eng.; USN); IED; Crapaud (Trin.; Ven.; Carapo (Ma.; JFM); AVP; (Sp.; JTR); Cedro USN); Bateo (Pan.; Sp.; Cedro (Fwi.; Rouge JTR); Carapa Fwi.; (Fr. Guiana; Tree JTR); (Eng.; Carapa JTR); Carapinha Por.; Peru; Guad.; Mart.; (Dwi.; (Brazil; JTR); Carapa Sp.; AVP; USN); EGG; Blanc Carapa (Fwi.;Cachipou AVP); JTR); (Fr. deCrab Caoba Guiana; Cachipounoix (Cr.; AVP); Caraba Colombians use for arthritis (IED). Colombians usefor arthritis and splenosis (RAI). throat, sore myalgia, inflammation, toses, herpes, hepa- cancer, constipation, cough, dermatoses, (MPB), using for also arthritis, acne, sores syphilis and ringworm, for topically worms, exanthema, fever, and rhea, malaria, for pit oil massage for of stomachache, seed using stomach diar- with bark Brazilians suggest leaves water 1–2 for 1liter in itch boiled Argentinians handful (JFM). 163 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 164 Extracts: Downsides: Synonyms: Illustrations: Common Names: Common Notes: glandin E(2) hyperalgesia (X16134059). challenge antigenic and glandin generation after prosta- it inhibited at100 mg/kg PAF bradykinin; and by histamine, induced edema inhibited (12.5–100 p.o.) mg/kg, tetranortriterpenoids edema; exudation, paw pleural ear and inhibited ( said to be as potentEpoxyazadiradione an shows antimalarial as quinine (RAI). Extract species. totoxicity of2007, onetitlethis alluding FDA listed the Poisonous Database Plant larvicidal for caution with its (JAD). used should oil plant be and the properties, its pesticidal of As July all With Few however, (RAI). downsides interactions reported; ordrug no contraindications r r r r r r r r r r USN); Ipecacuanha (Brazil; Eng.; (Brazil; Fr.;USN); Ipecacuanha Ocn.; Por.; Sp.; EFS; MPB; CR2; JLH; USN); Ipeca MPB); EFS); (Den.; EFS); (Brazil; (Eng.; Ipeca Broekrod Ipecac JLH; Scn.; CR2; AH2; (Ger.; Brechwurzel (Eng.;ianische Ipecac Ocn.; AH2); USN); (Ger.; Brechwurzel Brazilian Kökü (Tur.;Altim EFS); (Aym.; Ansachlya Bol.; EFS); (Dutch; Brasil- DLZ); Braakwortel 1649 in practice (JFM). medical it European into plant for the before got used dysentery priest Native Columbus, but aPortuguese Americans (USN). uanha Callicocca ipecacuanha p 91 (DLZ) LC50 = 57 μg/l) and LC50 = 57 and μg/l) Venezuelans take for dermatoses, itch, leprosy, malaria, and parasites (RAI). Venezuelans parasites itch, for and leprosy, dermatoses, take malaria, for also fever, taking and (RAI). flu,(JFM), myalgia for onbody rubbing sorefeet, colds and apply todermatoses oil seed Trinidadans for decoction fever bark take Salvadorans (JFM). (RAI). sores skin for (EGG), like dermatosis vulnerary and gent, tonic, febrifuge, vermifuge, astrin- anthelmintic, as tea bark decoction, bark with suggest herpes Peruvians washing (RAI). usefor arthritis Panamanians RAI). problems (IED; skin and usefor diarrhea Nicaraguans (RAI). for earache eardrop an as milk human water with oil and mixing and pain, scalp, tojoints applied for from ticks arthritic extracting in used also ventive mosquitofuge toDEET (X15517027)), (inferior fever for and intermittent (JTR); smoke apre- as orburning two topically oil ways usethe Native for Americans malaria, (JTR). heads human trophy mummifying in oil seed usethe Munduruku (JFM). wounds and ticks, rheumatism, myalgia, inflammation, diarrhea, useforGuyanans dermatoses, (GMJ). skin which the gets in Wayãpi and Creoles, Palikur, usefor for removing and ticks (Brot.) Tussac; IPECAC ( Carapichea ipecacuanha ipecacuanha Carapichea Aedes albopictus Aedes albopictus Psychotria ipecacuanha ipecacuanha Psychotria Brot. (basionym); in vitro activity against neuroblastoma and osteosarcoma. Gedunin Gedunin osteosarcoma. and neuroblastoma against activity Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook RUBIACEAE (X15669392; X16253435). p.o.) mg/kg, (100–400 Oil Cephaelis acuminata acuminata Cephaelis (Brot.) Stokes; (Brot.) Andersson) L. + H. Karst.; H. Karst.; Uragoga ipecacuanha Schongastia guianensis, Cephaelis ipecac- Cephaelis Aedes aegypti ; fide Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Downsides: Dosages: Indications: Activities: tachycardia, maybe even coma (PHR). Cephaeline more irritant and almost twice as toxic as as toxic as twice almost and to toxicity species. of this irritant more Cephaeline (PHR). (WO2).emetine of As July alluding onetitle 2007, FDA listed the Poisonous Database Plant coma even maybe tachycardia, sions, dysfunction, shock, of corrosion hypotension, GI mucous respiratory membranes, prolonged myopathogenicgenic and dosing (PHR). after Toxic dosesmay toconvul- lead (PH2). expectorant” Aller- an dosages as of therapeutic designated administration proper conjunction in known the orside with vomiting (AHP). are effects and hazards “No health cases; not for use; long cardiac in may term causenausea 2b,Class Contraindicated 2d. r r r r r r (APA); (PNC);ipecac tincture root 0.25–1 ml (APA; extract root liquid 0.25–1 ml PNC). FNFF = X. Emetic dose = 15 ml (AHP); 0.4–1.4 ml ipecac (AHP); 25–100 mg powdered X17671728); Worms (1; DAV; WO2). WO2); (f; Sore Throat WO2); Spasms (1; EFS; PH2); PHR; Tumors (f1; Vomiting JLH); (f; (f; Pyorrhea WO2);JFM); (f; Rashes IED); Respirosis (f; IED); (f; Sarcoma Sores (f; JLH); APA); (f1; Pertussis APA; WO2); (f; Pneumonia DLZ); (f12; Poisoning APA); (f; Pulmonosis (1;derma WO2); Sickness (f; Morning APA); Mucososis (f; PH2); Nausea (f; APA); (f; Pain Indigestion (f; APA; WO2); (f1;APA; Inflammation PH2);Leukemia (1; X17671728);Leuko- (f;Gonorrhea WO2); Worm Guinea (f1; WO2); (f; Hemorrhoids WO2); Hepatosis (f; WO2); PH2); Epithelioma (f; Fever JLH); (f; WO2); IED; (f; Flu APA); (f; Gastrosis DLZ; PH2); tosis (f; (f1; IED); Diarrhea APA; RAR); (f1; IED; Dysentery PH2); PHR; Enterosis (f; DLZ; (f1;Coughs X17671728); PHR; (1; Cramps EFS; PH2); PHR; Croup (2; PH2); PHR; Derma- (f1; Cancer, ovary JLH); DAV; (f1; Cancer, uterus JLH); DAV; Constipation (f; JLH); WO2); WO2); (f1; Cancer X17671728); JLH; Cancer, (f1; breast DAV; (f1; Cancer, gland JLH); DAV;Biliousness (f; WO2); (f1; Bleeding DLZ; EFS; PH2); Bronchosis (f1; APA; PH2; RAR; PHR; PH2; X17671728); (1; Anorexia WO2); (f; (f1; Asthma PH2; RAR); Bilharziasis DAV; WO2); Abscesses (f; WO2); Adenopathy (f; (f; Alcoholism JLH); WO2); (f1; Amebiasis MPB; PHR; WO2); Sialagogue (1; WO2); (1; Sternutatory WO2); Tachycardic (f; WO2); Toxic (f; EFS). WO2); (f1; Hemostat DLZ; EFS); (f; Insecticide PH2; WO2); PHR; (1; Orexigenic HH2; APA; EFS; (f1; APA; WO2); Rubefacient (1; X17671728); WO2; PH2; Expectorant PHR; HH2; (f12; Emetic EFS); (1; Cytotoxic X17671728); HH2; (f; Diaphoretic APA; EFS; MPB; WO2); Digestive (f; APA); (1;spasmodic EFS; PH2); PHR; (f; (1; Apoptotic Antitumor JLH); X17671728); Cholagogue (f; (1; (1;APA); PH2); Antiinflammatory Antileukemic (1; X17671728); Antinauseant APA);(f; Anti- Amebicide (f1; APA; X17671728); PHR; HH2; Analgesic (f; APA); (f; Antacid WO2); Antemetic RAR);Peru; Yaco Sisa RAR). Blanca (Peru; (Ger.; RAR); Ruhrwurzel de Mato(Brazil; EFS);RAR); (Peru; Sufia (Huitoto;Usiya Puiño (Sp.;DLZ); Raicilla (Nic.; USN); IED); IED; (Eng.; Raizcilla Ipecac Rio Ocn.; AH2); Rosa Poaja MPB); JFM); (Col.;RAR); Poaia (Brazil; (Bol.; (Brazil; Poalla Poaia Preto JFM); IED; (Tur.; RAR); Opeka Verdadeira (Brazil; RAR); Picho Sisa (Brazil; (Peru; EFS); Perpétua problems, sores, and as an emetic (IED). emetic an problems, as sores,and fever, diarrhea, for respiratory rash, orally dermatoses, decoction root take Nicaraguans repellent (IED).Colombians insect chew amebicide and as root (MPB). expectorant antidysenteric,emetic, diaphoretic, consider root and the Brazilians washes, (DLZ). orin tostop bleeding orally decoction, root the Bolivians take (DLZ). expectorant antidysenteric, emetic, and useas Cruz Santa around Bolivians (DLZ). pneumonia with tohorses and disturbances gastrointestinal for toherbivorous give dosesof decoction Beni root small animals Bolivians around 165 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 166 Extracts: Activities: Names: Common Illustrations: and additionally enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis (X17671728). cisplatin-induced enhanced additionally and to cytotoxic comparable effect activity of cisplatin, caspase apoptosis and induced emetine sickness (APA). even morning in folklorically antinauseant, an as herbserves the alkaloid The vomiting of low the poisons, in toinduce doses anauseant, as primarily used while Ironically ZUL); Antifeedant (1;ZUL); Antifeedant HDN; (1; WO2); WO2);(f1;HDN; Antihistaminic Antiinflammatory (f;Abortifacient WO2); (1; Anabolic WO3); Analgesic (1; DAW; (f; HDN); Anthelmintic Yerba (Sp.; Estangera Suerte Mora Desta AUS); Bich Zab (Trin.; AUS). AUS); Wild Supplejack (Tulu;deburu KAB); Uzipho (Zulu; ZUL); Uziphu (Zulu; KAB); Welsch (Ger.; Schlutten (Jam.; AUS); (Dwi.; AUS);Wine Toffe Toffe Winter (His.; AHL); Totoku (Twi; KAB); (Mal.; Urun- KAB); Ulinna Cherry VOD); Haiti; (Eng.;Revienta (Cuba; Caballos AUS); (Creole; Mevey AUS); (Dutch; Roomsche Overzee van Crieken Pwa VOD); Sprainbush Haiti; Ocn.; (Creole; Mèrvèy de AH2; AVP); Pwa Mart.; JLH;(Guad.; UPW; USN); AVP); KAB);(Réunion; (Haiti; Pois àCoeur AVP); Pois (Haiti; deMerveille Pois Merveille ole; VOD); Haiti; PhonThuyen (Ic.; Kat (Eng.; KAB); KAB); Pigeons Knee Poc Poc Liane (Guad.;Persil Bâtard AUS; His.; Mart.; AVP); Persil Diable (Guy.; AVP); Pesi Bata (Cre- KAB); (Eng.; (Malaya; (Pam.; KAB); KAB); Bulan Peria Curer Palsy KAB); Paltugpaltucan tos (Mex.; KAB); (Krobo; (Sin.; AUS); Painairavel Lairnosi Okpoku Munditos (Ma.; JFM); Ko Ton (New Cal.; KAB); Mubogo Bogo (Congo; AVP); (Sri.; KAB); Mudakattam Mudi- (Congo; Mani KAB); Mani AVP); (Burma; KAB); Mor Malamai (Madagascar; Masontsokina NAD); (Eng.; Balloonvine Lesser USN); Lofofo (Congo; AVP); (Eng.; NPM); Love-in-a-Puff (Sanskrit; (Ben.; KAB); Kottavan (Tam.; JLH); Lataphatki KAB);(Burma; Lataphatkari Kola JLH); (Guj.; MyetsiKarolio Kokalende NPM); (Ubangi; (Nepal; KAB); Kesh Lahara KAB); (Mar.; AUS; Kanphuti KAB);(Sanskrit; Karavi NAD); (Sanskrit; NAD); Karnaspota (Mex.; AUS); AUS); (India; NAD); (Sanskrit; Jyotishmati Indravallii Kagdolio (Porebunder; (Eng.; AVP; deChivato Hierba (Mex.; UPW); AUS); Huevo (Ma.; JFM); Huayunac deGato (Fr.; AUS); Salvatico (It.; Halicacabo AUS); Pea (Eng.; Seed USN); Ocn.; Heart AH2; Heart (Pr.;vila AUS); (Congo; Gumba AVP); (Arab.; Estrange KAB); Halicacabon Habbulkalkal (Caicos; Wine KAB); (Hausa; Tur.; Garden Fadama AUS); AUS); Garafunin Mara- Guisante VOD); KAB); (Fanti; Esungan Farolito (Col.; Pr.; Cuba; AVP); Farolito delaVirgen (Ven.; AVP); (Brazil; KAB); India da Colochero Coracão (Ma.; Glabre JFM); (Creole; Corinde Haiti; (Tel.;dakakara KAB); (Vis.; (Fr.; Cana KAB); Cardiosperme KAB); Cay Bong Bong (Vn.; Menorbilla (Pr.; AUS); (Creole; Bone Care Haiti; VOD); AHL); (Haiti; Bud- Carré Bonnet (Eng.; WOI); Blister Creeper UPW); KAB; Bombija (Pr.; Bombilla AUS); (Ma.; JFM); Bom- USN); Black (Afrikaans; (Eng.; Liquorice (Eng.; KAB);Blaasklimop Black Cherry Winter KAB); Persil (Dor.; Bâtard AUS); Bejuco (Ma.; Globo JFM); (Ma.; JFM); Bejuco deOrinar (Chepang; Bangcolon NPM); (Tag.; KAB); Banu Uchchhe NAD); (Sanskrit; Barcolon (Pi.; SOU); (Eng.; Balloon Fla.; S. Afr.; Scn.; AUS; AH2; UPW; KAB; USN); Chichinda Ban (Congo; KAB); (Kan.; Amoteremi RAR; AVP);Agniballi (Peru; Ballarina JLH); (Pak.; Badha p 135 pl 259 (NPM); (KAB) Cephaeline: amebicide, cytotoxic, protisticide; emetic, LD50 expectorant, =10 ipr (FNF). rat BALLOON VINE ( Cardiospermum halicacabum halicacabum Cardiospermum SAPINDACEAE Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook L.) + Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Dosages: Indications: r r r r r r FNFF = ! Young foliage and shoots reportedly edible (IED; JFM; NPM; WOI). (f; UPW). (1; Ulcers JLH); X16469462); (f; VD HDN; Worms UPW); NPM; (f; ZUL); KAB; Wounds (f; KAB); Swelling (f; (f; Syphilis HDN; UPW); Tumors HDN; NPM; UPW); JLH; (f; DAW; (f; KAB); Sores (f; HDN; UPW; ZUL); Spasms (f1; HDN; WO2); (f; Sprains Stings NPM); (f;sis (f; Rheumatism HDN; UPW); KAB; UPW; VOD); (1; Sickle-Cell WO3); Bite Snake (f;Palsy KAB); (1; Parasites X16151739); Pediculosis (1; WO3); (f; Phthisis NAD); Pulmono- (f1; ZUL); KAB; Orchosis (f; UPW; WO2); (f; Otosis (f1; Pain HDN); DAW; HDN; VOD); (f;Nephrosis AUS; ZUL); Neurosis (f; HDN; UPW; WO2); Obesity (f; WO2); Ophthalmia (1;nia AUS); Itch (f; Lumbago (f; UPW); Myosis UPW); KAB; (f; Nausea NPM); (f; HDN); (1; Infection UPW); HDN; UPW; ZUL);(f1;HDN; Inflammation VOD;X3613609); Insom- (1;Pressure HDN; WO2; ZUL); Hydrocele (f; WO2); (f; Impotence AUS); (f; Inappetence ache (f; HDN; UPW; WO2); (f; Hemorrhoids HDN; Hepatosis NPM); (f; ZUL); Blood High (f;Fracture WO2); (f1; Gastrosis HDN; X16469462); (f; Gonorrhea HDN; ZUL); NPM; Head- elas (f; KAB); Fever (f1; DAW; HDN; X10641181); IED; (1; Filaria X10953224); Fits (f; (f; HDN); menorrhea ZUL); (f; Earache DAW; (f; (f; KAB); Epistaxis Edema Erysip- HDN); JFM); (f;Didymitis WO2); (f; Dropsy (f; HDN; Dysentery UPW); NPM; UPW; NPM; ZUL); Dys- WO2); (f; (f; Debility Dermatosis UPW); UPW; (f; ZUL); HDN; Diarrhea UPW; NPM; ZUL); (f;Coughs HDN; WO2); (f1; Cramps HDN; WO2); Cystosis (f; HDN; VOD); (f; Dandruff Colic (f;UPW); WO2); Conjunctivosis (f1; DAW; ZUL); KAB; Constipation (f; HDN; ZUL); Bronchosis (f; NAD); Bubo (f; DAW); (f; (f; ZUL); Cancer Catarrh JLH); Colds (f; HDN; (1;Bacteria HDN; ZUL); (f; Bleeding (f; Blennorrhagia HDN); KAB); Boils (f; DAW); AHL; (1; Anemia UPW); KAB; WO3); (1; Angina WO3); (1; WO3); Arthritis (f; Asthma NPM); Abscesses (f; DAW); AHL; (1; Allergies WO2); (f; Alopecia WO2); (f1; Amenorrhea HDN; WO2); Vasodepressant (1; AUS); Vermifuge (f; ZUL). Sedative (1; AUS); Stomachic (f; HDN; NAD); Tonic (f; Uterotonic (f; HDN; UPW); IED; (1; Parasympathomimetic (1;HDN); Pediculicide HDN); WO3); Rubefacient (f; NAD; UPW); ZUL); (1; Myocardiodepressant HDN); Orexigenic (f; Ovicide (1; UPW); WO3); (1; Paralytic HDN; WO2); (1; (1; (f; Larvicide Insectifuge UPW); HDN); Irritant WO3); Laxative (f; HDN; tive (1; X16469462); (1; Glutathionigenic X16469462); (f; Hemostat Hypotensive HDN); (1; VOD; UPW; ZUL); (f1; Febrifuge RAR; DAW; HDN; (f1; HDN; X10641181); IED; Diuretic (1; Filaricide VOD); X10953224); UPW; Gastroprotec- RAR; WO2; ZUL); (f; Emetic UPW; IED; ZUL); (f1; Emmenagogue HDN; DAW; (f; KAB); Epileptogenic (f; UPW; Diaphoretic UPW); (1;CNS-Depressant (1; HDN); Curare HDN); Cyanogenic (1; HDN); Demulcent (f; NPM; (1;Cardiodepressant ZUL); (1; Cardiotonic ZUL); Cholagogue (f; ZUL); (f; Cicatrizant UPW); (f; KAB); Aperitive (f; (f; Aphrodisiac UPW); AUS); (1; Bactericide Bitter HDN); (f; UPW); (1;Antisickling WO3); (f1; Antispasmodic HDN; WO2); (1; Antiulcer X16469462); Aperient (1; X16469462); (1; (1; Antiphage X16469462); Antiradicular HDN); (1; Antiseptic UPW); VOD; X3613609); (1; Antioxidant X16469462); (1; Antiparasitic X16151739); Antiperoxidant Native Hispaniolans used the root decoction and poultice for rheumatic pain (VOD). for pain poultice and rheumatic decoction root the Native used Hispaniolans (KAB). amenorrhea, bleeding piles, erysipelas, gonorrhea, intestinal worms, and rheumatism for emetic, take and diuretic, diaphoretic, aperient, roots believing the Madagascans, leaves usethe (JLH). for Senegalese, Ubangi Nigerians, and tumors Guineans, (VOD). beverage as for tea bath useleaf inflammation and Caribs Dominican leaves (JLH). the paste ontumors Indians Asian matism (AUS). rheu- and for boiled, arthritis coffee and like ground seed, useparched Argentinians 167 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 168 Synonyms: Illustrations: Extracts: Downsides: Common Names: Common Carica hermaphrodita p 551 (CR2); p375 (L&W); (KAB) pl 440 paw (X3613609). rat edema carrageenan-induced in (500 mg/kg) (X10641181). strongly antipyretic mg/kg) antiinflammatory parts of extract aerial Ethanol pahangi Brugia lipid (X16469462). peroxidation for inhibited and macrofilaricidal mildly Aqueous extract activity, phosphatase showed alkaline decreased thione, gluta- gastric increased mg/kg), (200–600 ulcers gastric induced inhibited extract Ethanol species. totoxicity of titles alluding this six listed Database Plant sensitive of As July people (JFM). plant may 2007, the irritate FDA in the PoisonousSaponins r Bekpe (Dahomey; AVP); (Dahomey; Bekpe Betek TAN); (Malaya; POR; (Tembi; Betek Petik IHB); Betik NAD);Uchchhe (Sanskrit; Bappangayi (Tulu; KAB); Bappayi (Tel.; DEP; ADP; NAD); MPI; Melon AVP); Babaco NPM); (Ecu.; (Fr.; (Mooshar; EFS); Arnema (Arab.; Babaz AVP); Banu deMelón MPI); Arbol (Pun.; (Nic.; AVP);Kharpuza àMelon Arbre (Fr.; AVP); de Arbre Arand KAP); ADP; (Sanskrit; Yunani; (Pun.; DEP; Arandkharkati KAP); Arandkharbuza (Mun.;daru KAB); KAB); (Hindi; Andakharbuja Apoare (Amarakaeri; Huachipaeri; MD2); (Car.; (Mun.; KAB); VOD); Amrit- (Arab.; DEP; EFS; Ambritdaru KAP); Hindi Iran; Amba Adiba (Adang; Awuna; Ewe; KAB); Aduba (Awuna; (Ga; KAB); KAB); Alélé Akpakpa (Arab.; DEP; KAB); Hindi Ababaya Iran; Aanabahe (Cuba; AVP); Abapaye (Car.; VOD); DC.;(POR; fide USN). C. vulgaris lar swellings, neurosis pain, and sprains (NPM). sprains and swellings, pain, neurosis lar dropsy, plant juice for fever, usethe Nepalese asthma, muscu- hemorrhoids, gonorrhea, DC.; (X10953224). of n-hexane extracts powdered and Ethanol whole plant (400 Papaya carica Blanco; Blanco; PAPAYA ( PAPAYA C. mamaja Gaertn.; CARICACEAE Carica papaya Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook P. papaya Vellero; Vellero; C. peltata Karsten; L.) +++ L.) in vitro in P. sativa Hook. & Arn.; Hook. &Arn.; hydroxyl scavenging, radical Tussac; Tussac; C. posoposaC. P. vulgaris vulgaris P. L.; A. Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook NAD); NAD); (Sanskrit; Padi (Tam.; Parvati Pasali NAD); Pawpaw (Aust.; Vi.; Uk.; Wi.; WOI; (Kan.; (Tam.; WO2);MPI); KAB); Parangimara (Tam.; Paranji Parangiyamanakku ADP); Papué (Amuesha; Yanesha; RAR); Paputa(Sin.; EGG; (Kan.; DEP; KAB); Parangi DEP); Pappayam (Ker.; Mal.; NAD; SKJ); Pappayi (Tam.; DEP; ADP; SKJ); Pappya (Mal.; NAD); (Malaya; Pappaya (Kan.; POR); Pappangayi KAP; (Tam.; DEP; DEP); Pappali (Ben.; Urdu; POR); Mar.;(Hindi; Papol NPM); (Sin.; ADP; Hindi; Papita (Bhojpuri; DEP); Pappaiya WOI); (Hindi; SKJ; PapeyaPapeeta (Ben.; WOI); DEP; KAP; Papia (Guj.; DEP); Papiitaa (Guj.; WOI); ADP; Hindi; Papayo (Arg.; Sp.; L&W; POR); Papayo (Col.; Calentano L&W); USN);POR; Papayer (Fr.; Commun NAD); Papayero (Sp.; Ven.; EFS; USN); POR; Papayi (Col.;Calentano AVP); Papaye (Fr.; POR); Papayer (Fr.; AVP; Guad.; Mart.; Haiti; EFS; JFM; Pa Pa Ya (Korea; POR); Papayabaum (Ger.; EFS; POR); Papayaboom EFS); (Dutch; Papaya USN; WOI); POR; NPM; L&W; MDD; Sp.; Tag.; LOR; KAP; Peru; Ven.; Mar.; CR2; Malay; Papay (Dwi.;JFM); Ma.; Vi.; L&W); JFM; Papaya (Cutch; Den.; Eng.; Ger.; Japan; Korea; (Ger.; USN); Papajapflanze (Ger.; USN);(Dwi.; Papao PapawJFM); (Ma.; Ma.; Sin.; DEP; Papáio (It.; AVP); Papaiya (Japan; POR); Papaja (Malaya; Sur.; AVP; Papajabaum EFS; JFM); Por.; (Brazil; Papaia Rus.; USN); POR; (It.; Papáia AVP; EFS; POR); DEP); Papaija (Hindi; (Cr.; AVP); (Cashibo; Pampucho KAB); EGG); (Kan.; (Bom.; Pangi Papai Guj.; DEP; MPI); (Oriya; (Mun.;ton (Nic.; KAB); KAB); PalodeBarril Pabita IHB); Daru Omrytobhonda (Cashibo; RAR); Napucha EGG; RAR); Noompucha (Pano; EGG; (Cashibo; EGG); Oloco- KAB); (Sanskrit; Nampucha MD2); (Amahuaca; EGG); Naimpi Nalikadala (Amahuaca; TAN); Mou Koua KAB); (China; Mu RAR); EFS); Kua (China; Naimi (Amahuaca; Naima (Japan; Majhi; Mokka Magar; Nepal; NPM); Newari; Sunwar; Tamang; Gurung; war; Tharu; POR); Melon Tree KAB); (Kan.; Melón (Mex.; Zapote Sp.; POR); JFM; KAB; Mewa (Danu- baum (Ger.; KAP; NAD; POR; USN); KAB);(Malagasy; Melonowiec Meloenboom POR); (Dutch; Melon desTropiques (Fr.; KAB); Melonen- Wlasciwy (Pol.; POR);(Arg.; AVP); Melontræ (Sudan; AVP); Mandié (Sudan; AVP); Manguié Mapaza Mapanya (Ma.; JFM); (Den.; L&W); (Arg.; Mamón (Brazil; RAR); Ma.; Mamoeiro Sp.; AVP; USN); POR; Mamona JFM; L&W; POR); (Brazil; (Thai; Por.; Mamao (Brazil; RAR); Mamão (Brazil; USN); Mamaoeiro POR); IHB); (Thai; POR); Malakor NAD); Malako (Thai; (Thai; Malakaw Thet MaKuai (Tel.; Anapakaya Madana JFM); (Tel.; DEP); Madananaba (Tam.; NAD); Madhurnakamu L&W); (Cr.; Lerdo AVP); Si Lohong (Cam.; Phle POR); KAB); Loko (Thai; (Ma.; Machauiuk (Cashibo; EGG); Lapaya (Tag.; POR); IHB); Lawkaw (Dor.; Lechosa (Thai; Ven.; AVP; JFM; DEP); IHB); (Pun.; (Jakun; POR); (Malay; Kupaayo IHB); Kuntaia (Jakun; Ketalah Kharbuza (Sin.; Chiphado Katha DEP); (Tur.; Kavunaagasi EFS); Kaydudu Kepaya KAP); (China; Malay; POR); IHB; (Guj.; Kath DEP; (Sin.; KAB); Katha (Sin.; Chibudo KAB); Katha NAD); ADP); (Mal.; (Java; KAB); (Mal.; Gantung Katela Karmussu IHB); (Java;Karmmou Kates KAB); Kapaya (Tag.; NAD); MPI; POR); KAB; (Mal.; WO2); (Mal.; Kappalam Kappanga POR); (Guj.; Jhadchibhadi (Cochin; (Mun.; Du DEP; Du KAB); KAB); Kai Jomejaradaru KAB); He-I (Cashibo; EGG); (Arg.; Higuerón AVP); Houng POR); (Laos; (Khmer; Ihong (Hausa; KAB); KAB); KAB); (Kan.; Masar (Krobo; (Hausa; Gwanda Gor Gwanda Goppe RyM); (Java; POR); IHB; JFM; Gandul Sunda; (Sudan; (Malay; AVP); IHB); Gonda Gedang GHA); (Fr.; desIles Figuier KAB); (Fr.; desNegres Figuier Bomba KAB); (Cuba; Fruta Ma.; EFS);Kua (China; Fan Mu DAA; Pin.; (China; Gua POR); (Arab.; Ffafy GHA); Fifaiy (Arab.; (Urdu; DEP); Esíe (Ese’eja; Erandakharbujah MPI); skrit; MD2); (Arab.; Faifai GHA); Fan (Guj.; (San- Kakdi KAB); (Sanskrit; Eranda DEP);POR); Erandakarkatee Erandachirbhita POR); (Vn.; Dudu (Khmer; (Mun.; KAB); Lahong Dindapabita NPM); Doeum (Rai; hadersi (Guj.;Chibda DEP; KAB); Pun.; (Sin.; KAB); Chibhado (Sanskrit; Chomch- KAB); Chirbhita RAR); Capayas EGG; (Culina; (Tag.; Ecu.; Vis.; AVP; (Brazil; KAB); Chamburo ROE); (Ashanti; KAB);Brosownini Brosownyin KAB); KAB); (Fanti; Budibaga Capaidso (Fulah; (Ashanti; KAB); Borosow KAB); (Fanti; Brofre (Twi; NAD); (Ashanti; Brorfeneni KAB); (Malaya; POR); Bobbasi (Tel.; NAD); ADP; Boppayi (Ap.; Tel.; DEP; SKJ; WOI); Bororfere 169 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 170 Indications: Activities: (f; (f; Cancer, uterus JLH); CRC; JLH); sis (f; KOM; JFM; MD2; PH2; VOD); (f; Burns KOM; IHB; WBB); (f; Callus Cancer JFM); AAB); (1; Beri-Beri WO2); Biliousness (1; KAB); Bites (f; Boils NPM); (f; WBB); Broncho- Asthma (f; VOD; NPM; Asthma JFM; IHB; HHB; WBB); (1; Autoimmunity WO3); (f;Angina ROE); (f; Anorexia (f; KOM); KAB; WBB); Anthrax (f; Arteriosclerosis KOM); Adnexitis (f; KOM); (f; Aging KOM); (1; Amebiasis WOI; KAP; WO2); (f; Anemia VOD); Abscesses (f; KOM); (f; Acariasis RAR); Acne (1; WO2); Adenopathy (f; KOM); JLH; X16367938). PNC; (1;ant X15138017); Vermifuge (1; APA; KOM; VAG; X16161026); (1; Vulnerary PR14:235; AAB; (f1; TRA); Uterocontractant VOD; WO3); Vasoconstrictor (1; VOD); Vasorelax- DEP); Taeniacide (f; WBB); Teratogenic (1; PH2); (1; Tranquilizer TRA); Uterorelaxant (1; AAB); Rubefacient (f; DEP); Sedative (1; KOM; WO3); (1; Sterilant WO3); Stomachic (f; VOD);MPI; (f; WO2); Pectoral JFM; (1; Proteolytic APA; 60P; WBB); TRA; Purgative (f; (1;ant PR14:235; 60P; WO3); Nematocide (1; WO2); Orexigenic (f; KAB); (f; Oxytocic VOD);NMH; Laxative (f; WBB); DEP; JFM; HHB; Molluscacide (1; WO2); Myorelax- X16367938); (f1; Immunostimulant APA; X16367938); (f; Lactagogue MD2; DEP; EGG; (1;minic X14971723); Hypotensive (f1; PR14:235; VOD; X17040567); (1; IL-6-Inducer icide (1; X15040064); Gram(–)-icide (1; X15040064); Hepatoprotective (f; EGG); Hista- WBB); JFM; HHB; (1; Fibrinolytic PH2); Fungicide (1; APA; AAB; TRA); HHB; Gram(+)- PH2; WBB); KAP; JFM; (1; Enterodepressant (f; MPI); Expectorant KAB); (f; Febrifuge WBB; X11297849); (f; Ecbolic Embryotoxic KAP); (1; PH2); (f; Emmenagogue DEP; IHB; (f; VOD); Digestive(1; TRA); Cicatrizant (1; (f1; TRA); Contraceptive (1; WO3; APA; TRA; X15808797); Depurative GHA; WBB); PNC; (f; KAP; HHB); KAB; Cholagogue GHA; Carminative (f; DEP); Chronotropic WAM); DiureticAPA; (f1; (f; TRA); Cardiac WBB); (1; Cardiodepressant (1; Cardiotonic KAP); IHB; AAB; DEP; KOM; MPI;cide (1; TRA; APA; AAB; X15040064); (1; Bronchodilator TRA; (1; TRA); Candidicide AAB; WO2); TRA; 60P; (1; Antiulcer APA; PH2); (1; Ascaricide WBB); KAP; AAB; Bacteri- WBB);PH2; TRA; (1; Antispasmodic VOD); TRA; (1; Antitetanic (1; TRA); Antitumor TRA); (1; Antioxidant APA; X15455084; X16691628); (f1; Antiseptic APA; 60P; EGG; 60P); (1; Antihypertensive (1;(1; TRA);APA; Antiimplantation TRA); Antiinflammatory WO3; X17040567); (1; Antidiphtheric (1; TRA); Antiedemic KOM; (1; PH2); Antifertility (1; (1; Anticoagulant KAP); WO2); (1; Anticonvulsant WO3); TRA; 60P; (f; Antidiabetic mintic (f1; 60P;ative (f; DEP; ADP; MPI); Amebicide (1; WO2); TRA; Analgesic (1; PH2; TRA); DEP; Anthel- GHA; (f1;Abortifacient DEP; 60P; PH2; VAG; KOM; VOD; WBB); (1; Allergenic PNC); PHR; Alter- PH2; SKJ; TRA; WBB; X16161026);(Bel.; BNA); Yevudiba (Awuna; KAB). Antiaggregant KAB); ULW);(Ulwa; Wan VoapazaShou Kuo EFS); (China; (Betsimisaraka; Papaya Wild DEP); KAB); (Annam; (Ulwa; ULW); Tree Trai Du Du Melon Ulumak (Eng.; Ulmak JFM); DEP; POR); DEP); Si (Burma; Timbo (Burma; Thinbaw (Burma; POR);KAB; Thimbawthi DEP; KAB); Tapaculo (Cr.; Pan.; AVP; IED); Teng DEP; Ton IHB); (Burma; Thimbaw (Thai; Sapayas NPM); (Bol.;(Lepcha; DLZ); Sija Chiquitano; See (Ese’eja; MD2); Si Simbo (Burma; (Bel.; Maya; BNA; KAB); Pyé Papay (Creole; VOD); Haiti; POR); Sa Se(Thai; Kui Santong (Kon.;Phal NAD); ADP); MPI; (Shipibo/Conibo; (Sanskrit; Pucha RAR); Prisha Put EGG; PopayerKAP); (Fr.; Commun Popoo (Japan; KAP); POR); Popoya (Oriya; KAB); Poppaye- Pohunbetek (Malaya; KAB); EFS; (Dec.; Mar.; Popai India; DEP; MPI); Popaiyah (Hindi; DEP); NAD); (Kan.; (Bol.; Si (Burma; Piranji DLZ); Piha NPM); Chacoba; Pimbo (Limbu; (Sin.; NAD); (Kan.; Peragi KAP); KAB; Peranji DEP); (Kan.; DEP); Perinji (Kan.; Phengse L&W;JFM; USN; NPM; VOD); KAB); (Malagasy; Pepiya Paza DEP); (Ben.; Hindi; Pepol Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Candida (1; WO2); AAB; (1; Carbuncles WO2); Car- Bacillus (1; (1; Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Dosages: effective doses (daily high dose=1,500 mg)” in (KOM). (APA); (PNC); 10–50 ofpapaya glycerin mgpapain papain ml (PNC); 2.5–5 may be “Papain juice (APA); fruit tsp of (PED); 1–2 (PED); elixir fruit ml tbsp fruit fresh 1.5–3 2.5–5 gdry powder latex 0.5–1 (KAP); gseed 1–3 (KAP); dry gr 2–4 1–2 (KAP); leaf powdered gr dry husks (FAC; fruit green in tough pork IED). wrap leaf/cup 1–2Jamaicans water (APA); dry tsp meat; the tenderize will tough meats eaten; leavesolder and around cooked stems wrapped leaves dressing; salad andand flowers eaten; pith in and used of young stems seeds steamed FNFF = !!! Ripe fruits eaten raw; green fruits cooked like a vegetable or pickled; peppery of proof insufficient because of efficacy) papain, ommend (KOM). 361, not even does rec- p. indications, adozen folkloric morethan (Commission listing E, WBB; X15455084; X16367938); Yaws (f; WBB; WO2); Yeast (1; APA; AAB; WO2). TRA; Retention (f; Worms (1; JFM); DEP; PH2; PNC; VAG; X16161026); Wounds (f1; KOM; Varicosis (f; KOM); (f; WBB); VD JFM; AAB; (f; Warts ROE; JFM; AAB; WBB); Water (f; PH2); PHR; (f1; Urethrosis KOM; ROE; VOD); TRA; (f; UTIs PH2); Vaginosis (f; APA); KOM); Toothache (f; ROE); Tuberculosis (1; WO2); TRA; Tumors (f; KOM); JLH; Ulcers Tachycardia (f; RAR); Tapeworm EGG; (f; (f1; DEP); Thirst CRC; WOI); (f; Thrombosis Stings (f; DEP); Stomatosis (f; KOM); Stones (f; PH2); (f; KAB; Syphilis WBB); HHB; WBB); Splenosis (f; (f; Sprains KAP); VOD); DEP; JFM; (1; AAB); Bite Snake (f; MD2); (f; KOM); Sore Throat JFM; Splenomegaly (f; DEP; JFM; (f;drome KOM); Roundworm (f; DEP; (f; Sciatica KAP); MD2); Sclerosis (f; JLH); Syn- Roemeld KAP); (f1; JFM; APA; VOD; (f; DEP; KOM; WBB);tism NPM; Ringworm (1; X14735356); (f; Psoriasis APA; ADP; DEP); Respirosis (f; KOM; ULW; WBB); Rheuma- WAM); (f; Pharyngosis KOM; NAD); Phlebitis (f; KOM); (f; Proctosis KOM); Protisticide DEP; NAD; PH2; TRA); (f; Pancreatosis PH2); PHR; (f1; Parasites PH2; PHR; 60P; ULW; Obesity (1; FT71:S73; KAB); Odontosis (1; WO2); (f; ROE); Ophthalmia (1; Pain CRC; WBB); HHB; EGG; ADP; (f; Neuralgia (f; DEP); Neurasthenia KOM); Neurosis (f; KOM); terium EGG); (f; Metastasis KOM); (f; (f; Metrorrhagia KAB); PR14:235); Miscarriage (1;kemia KOM; WO2); Lymphoma (1; KOM; WO2); (f; ROE); JFM; Malaria Mange (f; (1;Insomnia WO3); Jaundice (f1; WBB; WO2; X17040567); Stones (f; Kidney ADP); Leu- APA); (f1;APA; Inflammation JFM; KOM; TRA; PH2; WO2);PHR; KAB);Insanity (f; kin’s (f; Disease KOM); Hysteria (f; VOD); (1; Infection KOM; AAB; (1; PHR); Infertility VOD; (f1;Blood Pressure TRA; WBB; JFM; AAB; X17040567); (1; HIV WO3); Hodg- KOM; MD2); High KAP; JFM; DEP; (f; AAB; WBB; KOM; WOI); PH2; Hepatosis KAP; (1; TGP); FNF; (f; Hematoma KOM; WO2); Hemoptysis (f; ADP); (f; Hemorrhoids DEP; PH2; PHR; VOD);KAB; Glossosis (f; ADP); (1; Gonorrhea VAG; TRA; WBB); Heartburn (f1;SKJ); Fungus WO2); HHB; AAB; (f; Furuncles TRA); (f; Gas KOM); (f; Gastrosis (f; KOM); (f; Flu KOM; MD2); Fontanelle (f; (f; Freckles ZIM); APA; ADP; NPM; JFM; VOD; PH2; PHR; RAR; WBB);JFM; Epilepsy (1; WO3); Epithelioma (f; Fistula JLH); WBB); (f; Eczema DEP); (1; Edema KOM; PH2); (f; Elephantiasis DEP); Enterosis (f; EGG; pepsia (1; DEP; KOM; PH2; PNC; WAM); (1; Dysuria ROE; JFM; X11297849); (f; Earache (f; WBB);Dysentery KAP; Dyslactea MD2); (f; (f; KAP; Dysmenorrhea EGG; WO3); Dys- (f; Diphtheria DEP);JFM); (1; Diskitis JAD); (f; Duodenosis PH2); (f; Dyscrasia KOM); NPM; ULW; KAP; JFM; WBB; WO2); Diabetes (f; WO3; X17040567); (f; Diarrhea GHA; (f; NAD); Cystosis (f; WBB); Dehydration (f; VAG); Depression (f; KOM); (f; Dermatosis KOM); (f; Corns Coughs (f; DEP; AAB; MD2; JLH); PH2); JFM; (1; Cramps TRA); Croup VOD); Colic (f1; WO2); EGG; Conjunctivosis (f; PNC); Constipation (f; DEP; AAB; EGG; Cholecocystosis (f; KOM); Cholera (f; DEP); (f; Disorder Circulatory KOM); Colds (f; JFM; diopathy (f; KOM; (f; RAR); Caries MD2); Cellulite (1; FT71:S73); Chest Colds (f; VOD); (1; WO2); Mycosis (1; ROE; TRA); Myosis (f; IHB); Nausea (1; WAM); (f; Nephrosis Staphylococcus (1; AAB; ROE); ROE); AAB; (1; Mycobac- Shigella 171 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 172 Extracts: Downsides: Papaya seed extract anthelmintic, mainly due to the compound benzyl isothiocyanate isothiocyanate benzyl compound duetothe mainly Papaya anthelmintic, extract seed libido reactions (several orcausing other affecting rats) in studies (WO3; X15808797). alpha-tocopherol (X16691628). Papaya induce reversible can seeds without sterility kg, considered nontoxic; thus (80%) activity antioxidant at17.6 to comparable mg/ml, grin.gov/duke/ (1998). etal. Blumenthal and Papaya up to1,500 mg/ juicenot lethal Father Nature’s in http://www.ars- for database: papain on-line accounts See Farmacy totoxicityspecies. 42 of titleslisted alluding this (PH2). pregnancy of As July during 2007, used FDAto be the Poisonous Database Plant possible reactionsincluding (PH2). asthma allergic externally; internally, Not dermatosis overingestion (APA). of fruits taken if causesevere can stomach Papain inflammation following esophagus of perforated reports (PH2). are There warfarin with May interact (KOM). recommended” be cannot useof raw the alternatives, papain/papain treatment of availability well as the as associated, risks the of and worm infestation treatment the proven insufficiently for tothe discussion worms: of “Due papain efficacy of its use in E disallows for lack of proof of efficacy(KOM). negative E rather Commission was in its But give they dosage no designated (JAD). for leaf, Commission no the risks Admitting dosages” (PH2). therapeutic of designated administration proper conjunction the with 1(AHP).Class in known None orside (WAM). known are effects hazards “No health r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r JLH). JFM; (DEP; sclerosis, warts and ringworm, psoriasis, indurations, epithelioma, apply elephantiasis, Various dermatosis, latex for topically ethnics cancer, corns, (JFM). Surinamese hepatoprotective as (EGG). seeds suggestthe from liquid Peruvians the boil 1 leaf down(DAV;tachycardiafruit),and flu, hepatosis, cough, enteritis, RAR).MD2; EGG; from 0.5 constipation (½ bronchosis, caries, suggest asthma, papayaPeruvians for acariasis, liters to(JFM). 0.25 liters consider flowerpectoral and Americans Middle emmenagogue, decoction febrifuge, water, taking waist (sciatica) leaves plaster heated deDios Peruvians onpainful Madre (MD2). for malaria JFM). (DEP; ulcers dyspepsia, hemoptysis, hepatomegaly,ria, urinary and latex bronchosis, piles, for diphthe- usethe cough, bleeding Indians Asian and Latinos (VOD). worms plant isenough toremove of the sayonedoseof intestinal part any that Haitians for hysteria seeds chew(VOD). antiscorbutic the Haitians (JFM). tolower 1leaf decoction decocting fruit blood others pressure, green take Curaçaoans enterosis (JFM). and diarrhea with tochildren milk in decoction fruit give green Cubans sweetened seedless for blood (JFM). young pressure fruit unpeeled take Islanders Caicos and Bermudans thanks). contents for(No the acold (JFM) drinking ashes, in baked replace oil, and and grease candle meatwith green the mix fruit, out scoop agreen Barbadans IHB). (DEP; pains other apply and Asians leaves neuralgia, toelephantiasis, topically (DEP).juice orvinegar water, for whenboiling worms cool, taken following lime with oil castor with 2hr in tbsp well 3–4 with honey mixed and suggest papaya 1tbspeach Indians milk Asian splenomegaly in (DEP). fruits salted dry take Indians Asian ecbolic (DEP). as apply latex touterus the Indians Asian Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Indications: Names: Common Notes: Bruises (f;Bruises DAV); Sores (f; DAV); Stings (f; DAV). (Makuna; SAR). AVP); Vomu RAR); (Amahuaca; Yaco Sisa (Sa.; RAR); Yacu Caspi (Sa.; RAR); Yaro Curo (Col.;bonaza IED); Soso (Cuna; IED); Toquilla Sp.; (Peru; AVP; USN); Tuna RAR; (Cr.; AVP); (Pan.; AVP; Portorico RAR); IED); (Culina; Sabalet (Cuna; IED); Querori Som- POR); (Japan; POR); Panamasou Panga (Kubeo; SAR); Pinya Brava (Sa.; RAR); (Cr.; Pita (Den.; Ger.; (Fin.; POR); (Eng.;mapalme Screwpine USN); POR; Panama Panamapalmu (Fr.; (Guat.;de Panama POR); AVP); Palmilla (Eng.; USN); Panama-Hat-Palm POR; Pana- (Choco; IED); deSombrero (Sp.; Palma USN); POR; Jipijapa Palma (Sp.; USN); Palmier (Col.; AVP; (Col.; IED); Murrapo AVP); (Pan.; IED); Naguala Nibi (Sa.; RAR); Oropo (Guat.; Hon.; AVP); (Cuna; IED); Kuskin AVP); (Ecu.; Lucaica (Col.; Lucatero IED); Lucua SAR); Jipi AVP); (Ecu.; Jipijapa Ecu.; Cuba; Sp.; (Brazil; AVP; USN); Junco RAR; POR; SOU); (Pan.; Guachivan AVP); (Eng.; HatPalm (Sal.; IED); Hiraca AVP); (Col.; Iraca AVP; ludovique (Fr.; (Cr.; Palmée USN); POR; Chidra Sp.; AVP; USN); Doyodoy (Candoshi; USN); AVP); Bombonassa (Brazil; Bume (Cashibo; RAR); Carludovica (Sp.; POR); Car- dero (Pan.; AVP); Ba Na POR); MaCao(China; Bombonaje Sp.; (Peru; LOR; MDD; POR; (Col.;Alagua SOU); Ata- AVP); RAR; (Peru; SOU); Appi Ttara RAR; (Peru; Api Ttara fly(IED). brooms, baskets, etc. hats, swatters, leaves tomake used The are ipr mus (PR14:235).= 325 mg/kg extract fruit (HHB). LD50 tetanus crude and strychnine, dosesof ricin, inactivates lethal papain noninfectious; pustules pepsin) some virus renders (like (HHB). Cyanide-papain 75% ca. 10 diuretic, (X11297849). mg/kg) of hydrochlorothiazide cardiotonic Carpaine (WO3). episodes mal gran sedative, and (orl effective Root extracts mal petit against rat myorelaxant ipr adose-dependent rat 10 atca. extract (X15040064). leaf Alcoholic mg/kg (X16161026). Gram-negative organisms Gram-positive and inhibiting antibacterial, Seeds PANAMA-HAT-PALM ( CYCLANTHACEAE Carludovica palmata Ruiz &Pav.) ++ 173 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 174 Indications: Activities: Names: Common Notes: Synonyms: Illustrations: Dosages: Dysentery (f;Dysentery MPB); (f; Dysmenorrhea SAR). Piscicide (f; DAV); Vesicant (f; DAV). prepared). Takó (Andoke; SAR); Tua Uo (Siona; SAR); DLZ). (Nscn; diacritically (Chiriguano; Uranà RAR); MPB); (Maku; MPB); (Brazil; Vermelha Pursh Areia (Brazil; da Pequi Pequiarana MPB); (Brazil; Terra da Firme SOU); Pequiarana MPB; RAR; (Brazil; DLZ); Pequiarana (Bol.; RAR); Pequi (Chiquitano; (Ashaninka; DLZ); Pasotiqui (Kubeo; SAR); Omaquirarus Ejuray (Witoto; SAR); (Tukano; (Puinave; SAR); Kamahaw SAR); Kamanaree Kon MPB); (Col.; Espinosa SAR); SAR); Castaña (Miranya; SAR); Êhó(Barasana; Echuruka (Col.; SAR); Bat’s (Eng.; USN); Souari Bois Savonneux (Fr.; USN); (Brazil; Cabeleira LOR; MDD); (Col.; Barbasco SAR); deMonte (Col.; Barbasco SAR); Propio Barbasco deBajo (Sp.; RAR); Almendra (Peru; Sp.; Colorado (Peru; USN);Almendra Almendro caspi,” (SAR). “nina of the leaving that scars caustic, isapparently like bark inner The Saouari glabra fig (DAV)59 lived for FAC). for but “iraca” food days (IED; onnothing 1538, potherb. In and asalad as deVadillo conquistadores used Juan his are and Rhizomes edible. quite also are berries the and lower of the portions leafstalks Inner asalad. as gus, Young aflavor with eaten, are leaves “nacumas” suggestingaspara- called orgrowing points AS SOUARI ( BATS’ Aubl. (basionym);(USN). fide Caryocar glabrum CARYOCARACEAE Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook (Aubl.) Pers.) ++ Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Activities: Names: Common Synonyms: Illustrations: Downsides: Dosages: Antifeedant (1; RAI); Antihemorrhagic (1; (1; Antihemorrhagic Antifeedant X11126749; RAI); X11126749; X11600149; X12577517); (1;Abortifacient MPG); Analgesic (f1; X17399925); MPB; RAI; MPG; (f; Antacid RAI); Coffee (Trin.;Wild AVP); Sage Wild (Bel.; AVP; USN). (Ven.; L&W); Ucho (Sp.; Caspi Vacatunga MPG); Vassatonga RAI); (Brazil; JFM); (Brazil; USN); Tacasito (Ven.; L&W); Tasajo (Cuba; MPG); JTR); Tortolito Té (Brazil; deFraile (Sp.; (Hon.;Armada AVP); USN); Sombra deArmado Sombra deConejo (Hon.; Sp.; AVP; (Cuba; (Cuba;Perro Pr.; JTR); JTR); (Huitoto; Sishi-Coey SOU); Sarnilla Peru; Sombra de JTR); (Guat.; Sacmuda de AVP; Sarna (Ma.; JFM); L&W); Saritan (Ma.; JFM); Sacumba (Ven.; Punteral L&W); Plumo (Ma.; JFM); (Sp.; Ratóon RAI); Rompehueso (Cuba; RAI); (Sp.; MPB); Piraquina (Brazil; (Ma.; JFM); Petumba PeloLagarto (Ma.; RAI); deAcure Palo Rajador (Arg.;JFM); L&W); Palo Rejador (Arg.; AVP); AVP); Papelite (Haiti; Pau de JTR); Palo deCotona(Mex.; AVP); (Ma.; Palo delaCruz (Ma.; JFM); Palo deCotorro ito (Ven.; AVP); Palo Blanco (Pr.; (Dor.; L&W); AHL); (Cuba; Palo Carré Palo Cotorra Mahajo (Col.; Machacomu (Ma.; JFM); (Ma.; JFM); AVP); Pab- (Ma.; JFM); Naranjillo Limoncillo (Ven.; AVP);L&W); Juabón Língua (Cuba; JTR); Juba Rompehueso (Cuba; L&W); (Pr.; Espada AVP); Laurel de Teiú (Brazil; MPB); MPG); Huesito Jia (Brazil; Colorado (Cuba; (Ma.; JFM); JTR); deLagarto Hierba (Brazil; LLorón (Cuba; JTR); MacapirituGuayalito (Ven.; AVP); (Arg.; Guazatumba AVP); deBugre Herva Guesito (Ma.; JFM); JTR); PCS);satonga Guayabilla (Brazil; (Mex.; JTR; Guayabillo Blanco JFM; (Ma.; JFM); AVP; (Brazil; Guaçatunga RAI); MPB); Guacatonga (Brazil; (Ma.; JFM); Sahyra Guas- (Brazil; MPG); Erva de Pontada (Brazil; RAI); Erva de Teiú (Brazil; MPB); (Col.; Fructa Dondequiera (Ma.; JFM); deCucaracho L&W); (Col.; Donquiera AVP); deBugre Erva (Guat.;alillo AVP); (Pan.; Sp.; Lengua TBC); Corta Crackopen (Eng.; Ocn.; Saba; AH2); Cor- (Nic.;rón (Pr.; deCulebra RAI); JTR); JTR); Comina deBugre (Brazil; Congonhas (Dor.; Cafetillo (Arg.; AHL);RAI); Cambagui AVP); (Eng.; Scn.; Casearia AH2); Cimar- Café Silvestre (Brazil; (Ma.; JFM) Cafeillo Cimarrón (Ma.; JFM); Cafeillo Cambagui (Brazil; MPG); Café del Matorral (Brazil;MPG); Café Bravo MPB; MPG); (Brazil; Café MPG); del (Brazil; Diablo Café deFraile MPB; MPG); Cafeeiro do Mato (Brazil; (Arg.;Timbatí (Sal.; L&W); AVP); Barredera Ka’a Burro (Ma.; JFM); JFM); (Par.; Bugrinho MPG); Avatí Apiá (Brazil; Acanocu Macho (Cuba; (Ma.; JFM); Aguedita JTR); Anime flora Anavinga samyda fig 172(L&W) species. totoxicity of titlesthis alluding three FDA listed Poisonous Database Plant fishing in (DAV; intoxicates used fish, hence fruit of green Pulp RAR). As 2007,of July the (MPB). FNFF = !! Nuts said to be delicious and nutritious. Ash from burned bark used for dysentery Sw.;PCS). (MPG; fide Gaertn.; CASEARIA ( CASEARIA Casearia parviflora parviflora Casearia FLACOURTIACEAE Casearia sylvestris sylvestris Casearia Willd.; C. punctata punctata C. Sw.) ++ Willd.; Samyda parvi- 175 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 176 Indications: Extracts: Downsides: Dosages: isolated from the leaves the from isolated (X2092935). A-F,cerogenic ED50 =57.5 (X2255209). casearins mg/kg diterpenes, clerodane Antitumor antiul- the than higher 32 times 1,840 mg/kg, than LD50 greater acid secretion; hydrochloric (57.5 rat) moreeffectively mg/kg (500 misoprostol but less effective μg/kg), reducing than in secretion 70% gastric (X15994044); inhibited inhibited extract leaf cimetidine ethanolic ulcer, while gastric of 90% stress-induced EOinhibited Leaf (300 mg/kg). tests tive mice in (X11126749; X11600149; X12577517; X17540522). Hydroalcoholic antinocicep- plant extract (f; MPB);Arthritis (f;Vulnerary MPB). (1;pholipase-A2-Inhibitor X11126749; X11600149; X12577517; X17540522 ); Tonicgicide (1; (f; (= Gastroprotective cimetidine) MPB); (f1; RAI); (f; Hemostat MPB; Phos- RAI); RAI); (f;Depurative (f; Diaphoretic MPB; (f; RAI); MPG); Diuretic JTR); (f; Febrifuge MPB); Fun- (f1; (f; Aphrodisiac Antiviral MPG); (1; Bactericide RAI); (f1; MPG); Cicatrizant JTR); MPG; (1; X11126749; X11600149; X12577517; X17540522); Antivenom X15994044); X2255209; (f; (1; Antispasmodic MPG); Antitumor RAI); X2092935); (f1; Antiulcer RAI; MPB; RAI; (f1;Antiophidic MPB); (f; MPB); (1; Antirheumatic (f1; Antiseptic Antisarcomic RAI); (f1;MPB; RAI; X15994044); Antiinflammatory Antimyotoxic (1; X11126749; X12577517); of of LD50(EO) =1,792 A(2) phospholipase inhibits Aqueous extract (MPG). g/kg??? toxins this species. totoxicity of titles alluding ofAs July 2007, three FDA the listed Poisonous Database Plant r r r r r FNFF = ! ½ cup leaf tea 2–3×/day (RAI); 1–2 g capsule/tablet 2×/day (RAI). JTR; RAI). X2255209; X15994044); (f1; Viruses Wounds (f; VD RAI); RAI); (f1; JTR; MPB; MPG; Syphilis (f; JTR; RAI); X11126749;RAI; Tumors X11600149; X12577517; (f1; X17540522); MPB; Sores (f; (f;MPG); JTR); Rheumatism MPB); Spasms (f; (1; Sarcoma MPG); (f; Scrofula JTR); RAI); Bite Snake RAI; (f1; MPB; X2092935); (f;Leprosy Mycosis Ulcers RAI); (1; (f1; Pain RAI); X17399925); MPB; RAI; MPG; Paralysis (f; (f1; MPB; MPG;(f1; (f1;tion (f;MPB;RAI; Infection Inflammation X15994044); MPG; RAI); RAI); MPG; RAI; X12577517); (1; (f; Indiges- (f; HIV Herpes Impotence RAI); MPB; RAI); MPG; RAI); MPG; (f1; Gastrosis RAI); MPB); Hematoma (f; MPG); (1; Hemorrhage X11126749; X11600149; (f;JTR); MPB); Diarrhea (f; Fever Eczema RAI); (f; MPG; MPB); (f; (1; Flu Fungus RAI); Cancer, colon (f1; Cancer, lung (f1; RAI); (f1; Cancer, ovary (f; RAI); Dermatosis RAI); X11126749; X11600149; X12577517); (f1; (f; Cancer Burns RAI); X2092935); MPB; RAI; Paraguayans use for eczema, itch, paralysis, rheumatism, spasm, and syphilis (MPG). syphilis and spasm, itch,rheumatism, usefor paralysis, eczema, Paraguayans JTR). applyCubans leaves (JFM; tochest chills for are chest when there colds, especially RAI). Colombians bite, usefor wounds snake sore, (MPG; and dermatosis, RAI). (MPG; and wounds leprosy,worms, bite, snake syphilis, inflammation, rheumatism, chest fever, ache, eczema, useforimpotence, blood, diarrhea, flu, herpes, Brazilians woundsand (RAI). tumor,bite, snake pain, useforBolivians inflammation, cancer, bleeding, dermatosis, Bothrops and Crotalus Bacillus venom, and neutralized the hemorrhagic and myotoxic and hemorrhagic action the venom, neutralized and (1; (1; MPG); Bacteria MPG); (f1; Bleeding X11126749; RAI; Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Common Names: Common Notes: Illustrations: pushpa (Sanskrit; SKJ); Hiyar Sambar (Yemen; Sambar SKJ); Hiyar pushpa (Sanskrit; GHA); Honalu (Assam; WO2); Hua Huai WO2); (Mun.; KAB; (Dor.;Regen Guayaba AHL); (Ma.; Cimarrona JFM); Haridaru Hema- SKJ); Golden Shower NPM; (Eng.; GHA; CR2; Ocn.; (Eng.; AH2; Senna L&W); Gouden Kyee Gnoo KAP); DEP);(Burma; (Burma; Gnooshway KAB); Golden Shower (Burma; (Dec.; Guj.; WOI); (Hindi; KAB); Girmala (Tamang; Glemhendo Gnookye NPM); Girimala (Guj.;WOI); (Guj.; Garmal DEP); (Guj.; Garmala SKJ); Garmalo WOI); Porebunder; KAB; DEP; KAB); Ebisugusa (Japan; Ehela KAP); (Sin.; (Kharwar; Guj.; Gamala; Dunras ADP; (Java; AVP); Dranguli KAP); (Tibet; Donka (Malaya; (Eng.; IHB); Dulang NPM); Drumstick (Mex.; (Mp.; SKJ); KAB); Dong-Ga NPM); (Tibet; Dodhri SKJ);DEP; Cuauhnacaztli KAB; (Mar.; Mp.; Sin.; Tzu KAB); Ming Chimkani KAP); (China; Chieh (Nasirabad; Chhamkani IHB); Ko Tse Chang (Thai; AVP); (China; Chu Prûk Ch’ang Kuo Tsü Shu EFS); (China; Cassie Purgative (Fr.; Cassieroer (Den.; KAP); Swe.; AVP); (Dor.; AHL); Chácara Chaiya (It.; AVP); Canna Cassia in (Eng.; Cassia Pulp VOD); Cassia Stick Tree (Jam.; AVP; L&W); (Fr.;L&W); Officinal Casse AVP); Casse z’Habitant (Creole; Haiti; VOD);(It.;KAB); Cassia Espagnole (His.; AHL); (Fr.; Fistuleuse Casse USN); (Fr.; Habitant Casse AVP; Guad.; Mart.; (Fr.; Canéfice (Fr.;EFS); Antilles des des Casse Casse (Fr.;BoutiquesGMJ); AVP); Casse (Por.; Fistula KAB); Canna KAB); (Creole; Cass Haiti; VOD); (St. Casse AVP); Bart.; Casse (Fr.; Canéficer St. Bart.; AVP; USN); (Fr.; Canéficier Mart.;Guad.; AVP); Canificier (Fr.; (Dor.;Mansa (Por.; AHL); (Fr.; Canafistula Verdadeira Canéfice GMJ); Mart.;Guad.; AVP); (Dor.; deSão Tomé dePurgante AHL); Cañafístula Cañafístula (Dor.; Por.; AVP); Cañafístula AHL); (Cuba; Cañafístola Dor.; Sp.; AVP; AHL; Sp.; RyM); (Peru; USN); EGG; Cañafístula (Malaya; AVP); Byadivata (Por.; SKJ); (Sanskrit; Cacho deOuro (Dor.; GMJ); Cañafístol Bubundèlan (Sunda; IHB); Bumbungdèlan (Sunda; (Ben.; Buvasigna IHB); MPI); Bundarlati (Palamow; KAB); Bonurlati (Palamow;DEP); Boya (Mar.; WO2); (Chepang; Briksha NPM); IHB); Bo CapMuoc (Ic.; (Ben.; KAB); SKJ); Bondèl Bondalati (Sunda; IHB); Bonurlata (Creole; VOD); AHL; Haiti; Bavo (Kon.; KAB); Bereksa (Malaya; IHB); Bobondèlan (Sunda; KAB); Bâton (Fr.; Casse (Cachar; DEP; (Kirku; KAB); AVP; Haiti; Bangru USN); Bâton Kas WO2); (Ben.; (Ben.; DEP; WO2); ADP); (Hindi; Bandarlati darlathi Bandolot Bandarlauri (Vis.; KAB); (Guj.; Balla Ban- NPM); DEP); (Danuwar; SKJ); (Kurku; Banag Banarsota EFS); Bahava (Ker.; Mah.; Mar.; DEP; SKJ; ADP; MPI; WOI); (Malaya; AVP); Bahoo Balay (Tam.; (Malaya; Pesar WO2); Daun Babuni NPM); SKJ); Arrakuvadam Ashokskrit; (Tharu; (San- Arogyashimbi NPM); NAD); (Danuwar; (Sanskrit; Argho KAP); (Sanskrit; Argbhada (Ap.; [1 (Sanskrit Aragvadhamu OFF); of 12]; SKJ);KAB; Aragwadha MPI); Arakvadum (Ayu.; SKJ); Aragvadha (Kan.; (Tam.; AH2; ADP; Aragine Ar Ocn.; KAB); Sanskrit; Aragina (Tag.; MPI); Ancherhan (Hindi; Amulthus KAB); KAB); (China; APo (Tam.; Le Appai SKJ); AVP); NAD); (India; KAP; RAR); Amultas (Peru; Caspi (Hindi; Amargo SUW); Amulthas TAN; NPM; Urdu; Nepal; WO2); Yunani; KAP; Hindi; DEP; ADP; KAB; (Nepal; Amaltash (Tam.; Alas DEP); (Sin.; Ahilla NAD); (Sin.; WO2); (Pun.; SKJ); [1 Ali (Sanskrit (Pun.; SKJ); Alash of 42]; Amaha (Dec.; Ahalla KAB); Amaltas IED); Nic.; (Garifuna; Gániesi Abúrucha (VOD). day it but the must isused isprepared used be fruit for remedy Dr.HIV, Beauvoir, aHaitian Max has ancient Egyptians. says who reportedly the WadsworthLittle and were (1964) even known properties tothe medicinal the note that fig (L&W);72 pl (KAB) 350 INDIAN LABURNUM ( LABURNUM INDIAN CAESALPINIACEAE Cassia fistula fistula Cassia L.) + 177 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 178 Activities: guli (Java; IHB); T WO2); (Sanskrit; (Greek;Svanannavriksha KAB); Tanggoli Syrinx (Sunda; IHB); Tang- (Assam; (Ben.; DEP);DEP; ADP; SKJ; WOI); (Sanskrit; WOI);Sunaru Sundali Suvarnaka (Ben.; KAP); Soondali (Ben.; NAD); Soturongulo (Oriya; KAB; WO2); EFS); (Assam; Sonndali SKJ); Sonawir Malaya;(India; (Mal.; DEP; Souali KAB);Sonaru Sonhali (Ben.; AVP); (Garhwal; KAB); Sonalu (Ben.; (Oriya; DEP; Garo; KAB); (Mp.; SKJ); Sonari Sonarli SKJ); of Gold (Eng.; AVP); Sim (Nwp.; DEP); (Garhwal; Simara WO2); SKJ); Sinara (Hindi; Sinar Fèy (Creole; VOD); Haiti; (Tam.; SKJ); MPI; WO2); Shonalu (Tripura; Sharakonnai Shower Kavani (Sri.; KAB); K Powidlna (Pol.; AVP); (Creole; Zabitan Kas VOD); Haiti; (Arab.; DEP; KAB); Kathauldhind VOD); (Creole; Kasé VOD); Haiti; (Rus.; Kassia AVP); AVP); (Dutch; Kassiapenlen Kassia WO2); (Jammu; DEP; Pun.; WO2); Karangal (Kol.; DEP); Kari Dous(Creole; Kas Haiti; Kar.; DEP; SKJ; IHB); WOI); (Thai; Kanéfis (Creole; Kãn Haiti; VOD);(Mal.; Kanikonna (Kon.; NAD); MPI; (Kan.; NAD); (Kan.; MPI; Kakkayi Kakke SKJ); Kakkaemara (Mah.; (Tam.; NAD); Itola (Nwp.; KAB); KAB); (Gond.; Jaggra Jaggarwaw (India; KAB); Jamba (Eng.;Ch’ing Scn.; Irjviruttam NPM); Trin.; Laburnum EFS); AH2; (China; ADP; Indian SUW); Fungicide (1;SUW); WO2); (1; Hemagglutinant MPG); Hepatoprotective (f1; X15991578; (f; WO2);Dentifrice (f; Deobstruent DEP); (f; Emetic WO2); KAB; (f; Febrifuge DEP; SKJ; SKJ; WO2); (1; Bactericide JAF50:5042; X12608640; X16678369); MPG; Demulcent (f; ADP); sive (1; JAF50:5042); (1; Antiviral PH2; ADP; WO2); (f; Aperient EFS); (f; Astringent EGG; (f;cretory WO3); (1; Antiseptic PH2; X16678369); (f1; Antitumor X16242721); ADP; Antitus- X15652272; X15991578); (f; (1; Antiperiodic SKJ; WOI); JAF50:5042); Antiradicular Antise- (f; X16242721); (f1; WO2); Antiinflammatory Antioxidant (1; JAF50:5042; X12188605; JAC7:405); Analgesic (1; JAF50:5042; WO2); MPI; (f; WO2); Anthelmintic Antidiabetic (f; (f; Alexiteric Abortifacient JFM); ADP; WO2); (1; Allergenic VOD); Amebicide (1; (Ger.;KAB); Wurstroehrenbaum KAB). Malaya; EFS; IHB); (Tam.; Trukontai SKJ); Tung (Java; Guli AVP); Warga (Oudh; DEP; KAB); (Mal.; (Tam.;konrai Saturangulam KAP); (Tel.; (Oriya; DEP; Sapakamu SKJ); (Ben.; Sandari SKJ); KAB); Sara- Sandali JLH); (India; Röhrenkassie (Ger.; USN); RAR); (Peru; Rohrkassie (Ger.; Retamillo RAR); KAP); (Peru; Rörekassia (Den.; Retamilla EFS); RAR); (Peru; Samayâka Común Retama RAR); (Peru; Kayalu (Tel.; DEP); Rella (Saora; KAB); (Tel.; Rellachettu WO2); Rera (Gond.; DEP); Retama (Ap.;Reach Chhpus Tel.; SKJ; ADP; WOI); Rela KAB); (Reddi; Relagujjiu (Tel.; NAD); Rela KAB); (Lambadi; (Kum.; DEP); DEP); (Nepal; Raj RajSUW); Briksha Brikshk Ramdanda Majhi; Nepal; Raj.; (Magar; NPM; (Raute; Rajbriksha NPM); KAB; Rajbrik KAP) (Nepal; WO2); ADP; Sanskrit; (Kan.; SKJ);DEP); Rajbirij (Sanskrit; (Nepal; Rajateru Rajbrichya (Baigas; IHB);Raella DEP; KAB); Rajataru (Malaya; (Thai; IHB); Kayu Rajah Raja Prûk (Ger.; AVP); (Eng.; Senna Ocn.; AH2); (Eng.; Cassia Purging NPM); Ocn.; AH2; Purging Purgierkassie KAB) (Eng.; (Khond; AVP; Stick (Eng.; Pundali SKJ); Pudding KAP); NPM; sia EFS); (Dutch; Piyok (Java; IHB); Po Luo Men Jia DAA); Zao (Pin.; Tree Pipe Pudding (San.; EFS); (Dutch; Dropboom Péyok DEP; KAB); Mannetjes Oude (Java; IHB); Pijp Cas- EFS; (Sanskrit; NAD); Pan.; (Kuna; IED); KAB); Nuruic Nripadruma (Nepal; Marianunut WO2); (Lushai; (Ker.; RAR); SKJ); Lluichu Makpazang (Peru; tamalam Mandarlata Vainilla Kayanak (Malaya; DEP); Konnei (Tam.; SKJ; ADP; WOI); (Tam.; Konraih-Kay DEP); Kri- (Tulu; KAB); (Ap.; Kondrakayi Tel.; NAD; MPI; SKJ); Konna (Ker.; Mal.; NAD; SKJ); Kon- WO2);(Kum.; KAB; (Mp.; (Java; SKJ); Klohor Kitwali IHB); (Java; Klohur IHB); Konde WO2); (Jhansi; SKJ); Kitola Kirwahra KAB; Hindi; Dun; (Dehra SKJ); Kirala (Hindi; (Arab.; Shambar AVP); KAB); Kiar (Pun.; KAB); Shembé (Tur.; Kiar Kiar AVP); Kilvali (Arab.; NAD); (Iran; (Sin.; (Arab.; Khela Khiyarechiga KAP); Iran; Kheyarshanbar KAP); ě nggulli (Java;nggulli Malaya; IHB); Tranggoli (Sunda; IHB); Tr ě yok (Java; Hende (Arab.; IHB); AVP); Kharroub Shambar Khayar Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Ş ember Hiyari A Hiyari ember ğ aci (Tur.;aci EFS); Senéti ě nggulli (Java;nggulli Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Dosages: Indications: r r r r r r PH2). pulp (HHB; gfruit (TAN).eaten 4–8 FNFF = !! Flowers, leaves, and fruit pulp eaten, the latter possibly purgative (FAC). Seed Wounds (f; X16242721). emissions)PH2); (f; nocturnal Wet (spermatorrhea, WO2); Dream Worms (f; VOD; WO2); (1; WO2); (f; Ulcers GHA); Vaccinia (1; (f; MPG); VD WO2); NPM; ADP; (1; Viruses MPG; (f; WO3); Toothache (f; Tuberculosis NPM); (f; SKJ; VOD); Tumors (f1; MPG); Typhus JLH; Stomachache (f;JFM); WO2); Swelling (f; WO3); JLH; (f; Syphilis Tonsillitis NPM); ADP; SoresSUW); (f; WO2); (f; Sore Throat WO2); NPM; DEP); (f; ADP); Respirosis (f; (f; IED); Rheumatism DEP; SKJ; VOD; WO2); (f; Ringworm ADP; rigo (f; WO2); (f; Psoriasis ADP); (f; Pulmonosis IED); (f; ADP; Pustule DEP); Pyoderma (f;Parasites VOD); (f; Pharyngosis WO2); (f; Pregnancy VOD); Heat (f; Pru- Prickly JFM); (f; WO2); ADP; (f1; Pain WO3; JAF50:5042; WO2); MPI; Paralysis (f; DEP; NAD; SKJ); (f;SKJ); Migraine WO3); Mycosis (f1; JAF50:5042); ADP; Nausea (f; Ophthalmia SUW); WO2); Jaundice (f; PH2); ADP; (f; Leprosy WO2); (1; Leukoderma JAF50:5042); (f; Malaria PH2;ADP; X16242721; X16678369); (f1;JLH; Inflammation VOD; WO2); Itch (f; PH2; Hyperglycemia (1; JAC7:405; WO2); (f; (f1; (f; Infection Induration JLH); JLH); Impostume (f; WO2); Cholesterol High (1; JAC7:405); Triglycerides High (1; JAC7:405); (f; HIV VOD); (f; ADP);Hematuria (f; Hemorrhoids GHA); Hepatosis (f1; X16242721); JLH; ADP; Herpes rhea (f; WO2); Gout (f; DEP; VOD; WO2); Gravel (f; ADP); Hematemesis (f; JAF50:5042); WO2); (f; Gas NAD; PH2; VOD); (f; Gastrosis WO2); GHA; (f; Giddiness Gonor- NPM); (1; WO3); MPG; Fever (f; PH2; ADP; (f; Flu SUW); (f; AHL); Fracture WO2); (1; Fungus (f; WO2); ADP; (f; Eczema Enterosis NPM); (f; WO2); Epilepsy (f; SKJ); ADP; (1; Diphtheria NPM); WO2); (f; Dysentery WO2; NPM; WO3); Dyspepsia (f; GHA); Dysuria (f; PH2; NPM; ADP; VOD; WO2); (f1; Diabetes JAC7:405; ADP; WO2); NPM; (f; Diarrhea PH2); Convulsions (f; ADP); Coughs (1; JAF50:5042; WO2); (f; Delirium ADP); Dermatosis Colic (f; NAD); Conjunctivosis (f; WO2); Constipation (f1; HHB; DEP; GHA; AHL; ADP; NAD;ADP; WO3); Cerebrosis (f; DEP; WO2); (f; Chilblains ADP); Cholecocystosis (f; JFM); Cancer, liverJLH); (f; (f; (f; Cancer, Cancer, throat (f; uterus JLH); JLH); Cardiopathy JLH); Cancer, abdomen (f; Cancer, colon JLH); (f; Cancer, face (f; JLH); (f; SKJ); Cancer, gland (f; ADP); Blood (f; WO3); Boils (f; WO3); (f; Burns ADP); (f1; Cancer MPG); JLH; ADP; X16678369); Biliousness (f; NAD; SKJ); Bites (f; NAD); ADP; (f; Bleeding WO2); Blindness (f;Asthma WO2); NPM; (f;Amenorrhea ADP); (f; Anorexia (f; PH2); KAB; (f; WO2); Anthrax SKJ; WO3); Arthritis Abscesses (f; WO2); Acne (f; ADP); Adenopathy (f; (1; SKJ); Amebiasis JLH; JAC7:405; WO2); fuge (f; VOD); (f; Vulnerary X16242721). (f;ant WO2); Stomachic (f; WO2); Tonic (f; SKJ; NPM; WO2); Uterotonic (1; WO3); Vermi- (1; Inhibitor MPG);Protopectinase Purgative (f1; JAF50:5042; EGG; ADP; Refriger- NPM); PH2; NPM; VOD);MPG; (1; (f; Orexigenic Polygalacturinase-Inhibitor NPM); KAB; MPG); WO2); (1; (1; Immunostimulant MPG); Interferonigenic MPG); (f1; Laxative HHB; GHA; X16242721); Hypocholesterolemic (1; JAC7:405); Hypoglycemic (1; JAC7:405; ADP; MPG; Nepalese take 4 tsp fruit pulp 3×/day for hematuria, diarrhea, and dysentery (NPM). dysentery and diarrhea, pulp 3×/day fruit 4tsp for hematuria, Nepalese take (ADP). for honey diabetes with 2–3 mornings 5gendosperm ca. natives take Jharkandi for (VOD). decoction worms orfruit leaf salted take Haitians suggestand for constipation syrup afloral flu (AHL).Dominicans for decoction problems gallbladder leaf (JFM). the take Curaçaoans (JFM). tumors butter glandular for clarified plant in usethe Indians Asian Salmonella (1; WO2); (1; Sarcoma MPG); Scabies (f; ADP); Bite Snake (f; SKJ; NPM; Bacillus (1; (f1; MPG); Bacteria JAF50:5042; SKJ; X12608640; Staphylococcus (1; MPG); Stings (f; Escherichia 179 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 180 Common Names: Common Notes: Synonyms: Illustrations: Extracts: Downsides: Carao (Bel.;Carao Guat.; Hon.; Pan.; AVP; BNA; MPG); Casia (Sp.; AVP); AHL; (Haiti; Casse AVP); (Guat.; Caragüe Sal.; AVP; (Nic.; MPG); AVP); Carámano (Nic.; AVP); Carambano (Sal.; RyM); Carago Ma.; (Ma.; JFM; JFM); deMasa AVP); Cañandonga (Sal.; Caragua Macho (Ma.; Ven.;Cañafístula (Ven.; LWW); JFM; Cañaflote AVP); Cañandonga (Cuba; (Col.; Gruesa TTS); Ma.; Cañafístula JFM; (Ma.; JFM); Grande (Ma.; TTS); Cañafístula (Dor.;(Ma.; Ven.; Pr.; Cimarrona de Castilla LWW); AHL); JFM; Cañafístula Cañafístula AVP); (Brazil; Cañafistola Ven.; (Mex.; AVP); Pan.; Cañafístula Burrero AVP); Cañafístula (Bel.; Bookut JFM); BNA); Bucut (Guat.; Maya; MPG); Buk-èt (Bel.; BNA); (Col.; Cañadonga AVP); AHL; (Haiti; Casse (Bel.; Beef Feed Eng.; BNA); (Ma.; Boocoot Bocot (Ma.; JFM); Appleblossom (Eng.; Cassia USN); deFuego (Sp.; Arbol USN); (Ma.; Bacul TTS); Bâton (X14758718). lower in explain the cancer of incidence gastric with ailments gastrointestinal treat medicines traditional Thai grandis mollis Bactyrilobium grande grande Bactyrilobium (IED); 64 fig p 371(TTS); (LWW) p 277 992 +/– 0.4 μM/g dry weight; FRAP =811 weight; +/–992 0.4 FRAP dry weight) μM/g +/- dry 23 μM/g (X12188605). flavonoid and (TEAC = phenolic,antioxidantpotentials and proanthocyanidin, total contents was active pod the from against Oil species. July 2007, 19 totoxicity FDA of listed the titlesthis Poisonousalluding Database Plant istration frequency the and of drugs of anthracene of carcinomas colon.” the (PH2). As of however, studies, “Recent scare. cancer have admin- the between revealed no connection tohave seem the muted Germans of The rate colon higher carcinoma. times have three laxatives of abusers reveal anthranoid that Germany origenic; in epidemiological studies of cytotoxic, being genotoxic, suspected compounds even mutagenic, and contain tum- habit-forming; be laxatives can some Anthranoid-containing caveats anthranoids. with (AEHD).Not covered laxatives reported (AHP). Usual template of anthranoid Interaction r r r r r complaints (KAB). complaints purgative, and febrifuge, demulcent, using for chest, eye, liver, throat and rheumatic, Yunani considerflowersabortifacient, leavesfruits purgative, the antiinflammatory, (KAB).malaria blackwater fever, plant for usethe anthrax, bloodRhodesians dysentery, poisoning, and (DEP). tonic and febrifuge as Punjabi useroot (ADP). for aweek daily once for genitals into amenorrhea paste leaf womenOriyan insert 4×/day pulp paste teaspoons (NPM). 6tsp for giddiness Nepalese take Vahl; Vahl; L f.) Pers.; USN).(MPG; fide (L. C. pachycarpa pachycarpa C. PINK SHOWER ( SHOWER PINK L f.) Horn.; (L. Lam.; CAESALPINIACEAE Cathartocarpus brasilianusCathartocarpus Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Klebsiella Klebsiella B. molle Cassia grandis grandis Cassia at 500 ppm(FT67(2):173).at 500 Pods have highest (Vahl) Schrad.; .f.) ++ L. (Lam.) Jacq.; C. grandis Cassia brasiliana which may partly which may partly Cathartocarpus Cathartocarpus Lam.; C. Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Dosages: Indications: Activities: r r r r r r r r r r r r FNFF = ! Pulp around seeds edible (IED; FAC; MPG). (f; IED); Wounds (f; MPG). (f; IED); (f; Tinea (f; MPG); Urethrosis (f; MPG); Viruses MPG); Vitiligo (f; MPG); Worms (f;Parasites IED); (f; Pulmonosis IED); Respirosis (f; (f; IED); Rheumatism VOD); Sores (f; VOD); Mange (f; MPG); Mucososis (f; MPG); Mycosis (f; MPG); Nervousness (f; VOD); (f;Herpes MPG); Hysteria (f; VOD); (f1; Infection VOD); MPG; (f; MPG); Insomnia Itch (f1;MPG); Fungus X2056755; MPG; X8145577); (f; Gastrosis VOD); Hepatosis (f; MPG); rhea (f; VOD); Dyspepsia (f; VOD); Enterosis (f; VOD); IED; (f; Epistaxis MPG); Fever (f; MPG; X2056755; X8145577);Colds (f; MPG); Constipation (f1; Dermatosis MPB; IED; TTS); Coughs (f; (1; MPG); Dermatophyte (f1; AHL; IED; MPB; (f; (f; VOD);Anemia MPG; MPG); Arthrosis (f; Bleeding VOD); (f1; MPG); Cancer X14758718); MPG; Dysmenor- (f;MPG); Stimulant MPG); Tonic (f; MPG). (f; MPG); Laxative (f; MPB; TTS); (f; Pectoral MPG); Purgative (f; MPG); Sedative (f; AHL; (f;torant (f; MPG); Febrifuge MPG); Fungicide (1; X2056755; MPG; X8145577); Lactagogue (f;tumor (f; MPG); Astringent MPG); (f; Depurative EGG; (f; MPG); Diuretic MPG); Expec- (f;Abortifacient VOD); MPG; (f1; Anticancer X14758718); MPG; (f; Antiseptic MPG); Anti- prepared). diacritically entries Sené Gran’ Fèy (Creole; VOD); Haiti; Toe Stinking (Bel.; AVP; BNA; FAC). (Nscn; American TTS; (Cr.; USN); (Guat.; (Ma.; JFM; Santal Sándalo MPG); Saragundin (Ma.; JFM); IED); Showertree (Eng.; USN); VOD); Pink JFM; Quauhuayo (Ma.; Mex.; LWW); JFM; Sandal Sano Ma.; (Brazil; LWW);mary JFM; Mucut (Guat.; Shower MPG); JFM; Pink (Eng.; FAC; LWW); Ma.; JFM; Mari- (Brazil; Rana Marimary (Ma.; JFM); Preto RAR); Marimary EGG; AVP; Peru; (Brazil; Tree (Eng.; Marimari TTS); (Ma.; JFM); Macut (Ma.; TTS); Maremare Jeneuna (Por.; AVP); (Creole; Kas VOD); Haiti; Mawon Kas (Creole; VOD); Haiti; Liquorice Kassie (Ger.; USN); (Dor.; Guayaba AHL); Cimarrona Horse Cassia (Eng.; Jam.; AVP; VOD); VOD); (Por.; Geneuna AVP); Grobfrüchtige Cassia (Ma.; JFM); Great Gigantón (Ma.; JFM); cara (Dor.; AHL); Chácaro (Dor.; AHL); Coral Shower (Eng.;AVP); USN); deBrésil Casse (Fr.; Coral USN); AVP); AHL; Espagnol Showertree (Haiti; Casse Cássia (It.; AVP); (Eng.; Chá- sores (IED).sores and rashes, skin parasites, intestinal and worms disorders, tion, respiratory-pulmonary for ortopically constipa- orally orjuice syrup, decoction, leaf and usefruit Nicaraguans (VOD). for decoction digestive leaf ailments salted tract take Haitians (VOD). for rheumatism infusion bark and root take Haitians cient for nervousness and (VOD). hysteria and abeverage leaf, flower, abortifa- an from as made a/o pulp, seeds fruit drink Haitians leaves itch, crushed with (VOD). like ailments, skin massage Haitians (VOD). infections for skin tincture root apply macerated Haitians (MPG). infections urinary and nosebleed, cold, hepatosis, cough, hysteria, for decoction anemia, bark/fruit/leaf take Guatemalans (MPG). vitiligo and leaves the sores,tinea, from unguent fashion for an herpes, dermatosis, Guatemalans (AHL). ailments suggest leaves skin mashed fatDominicans bacon with for veterinary wounds (RyM). for and dermatosis 3days antiseptic alcohol as roots in steep Cubans chest(JFM). in complaints useful and pulp abortifacient consider fruit the Cubans (JFM). for anemia milk, pulp, in cooked fruit usethe Ricans Costa 181 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 182 Activities: Names: Common Notes: Extracts: Downsides: Synonyms: Illustrations: (1; TRA); Uterorelaxant (1; TRA). (f1; Febrifuge VOD);JFM); TRA; (1; Gastroprotective TRA); (f; Hemostat VOD); Lipolytic Analgesic (f1;(1;TRA); Antiulcer TRA); MPG; Antiinflammatory (1;TRA); Astringent (f; (Pr.; LWW); Roble (Ven.; Prieto AVP); (Eng.; Oak VOD); Spanish Yokewood (Eng.; USN). (Dor.; Pr.; Sp.; AVP; AHL; MPG); Roble deOlor (Dor.; Sp.; AVP; Roble JFM); Dominicana (Creole; Haiti; VOD); (It.; Quercia AVP); Radégonde (Guad.; AVP; Mart.; LWW); Roble LWW); JFM; Pyè Bwa (Fwi.; Mart.; d’ShenPéndolo MPG); Marron Poix Doux AHL; (His.; (Eng.; Oak Jamaica Jam.; AVP; VOD); (Eng.; Mastwood Jam.; AVP; USN); (Eng.; Oak AVP); (Cuba;España Sp.; AVP; RyM); (Eng.; French Oak AVP; USN); (Eng.; Catalpa LWW); Haiti (His.; AHL); (Creole; Chènn Haiti; VOD); Eiche (Ger.; AVP); (Sp.; Encina AVP); de Encina LWW); AHL); (Haiti; tien Noir (Mart.; Chène Noir Pays Chène (Creole; VOD); Haiti; Chenier d’Amèrique (Creole; LWW; Haiti;Mart.; VOD); AVP); (Mart.; desAntilles Chêne Hai- Chêne Radegon (Creole; VOD); Haiti; AVP); AHL; MPG); (Haiti; Chêne Capá(His.; AHL; Chène VOD); Bwadchen (Creole; VOD); Haiti; TRA; Bwa d’Shenn (Creole; Haiti; VOD); Bwa AVP); AHL; Bois (Haiti; Chêne AHL); Bois (Haiti; Chien Bois Radegonde (Creole; Haiti; (AUS; moth. of the or larvae X14682517). orremove attack the that eggs insects attract which nectaries leaves moreextrafloral produce feeding with infested stage. pupal When in decline and larvae in highest are mia catalpae sphinx, Catalpa of the frass pupae, and catalposide; and larvae, catalpol both contain they say. for bait fishermen great Leaves (of 5 of species books say Forbooks it now isnative Hispaniola. and I’ll toJamaica go USN. with catalpa.” “Haiti The with Rico. Sooak” “French Ireplaced Puerto in native name common (1974) Little etal. question in catalpa” Ifound that “Haiti asking After catalpa”? alter- an as orwhy better, be might not “Haitian oak” it “Haitian isneither Frenchbecause nor oak. offered first by the USN, used “French Reluctantly oak,” name. Ialmost adoublemisnomer common Regrettably,al. have a et standardized species (2000) this McGuffin assigned not USN).(MPG; fide Methanolic leaf extract inhibited growth of HP strains MIC =50.0 MIC μg/ml. strains of HP growth inhibited extract leaf Methanolic species. totoxicity2007, of four titles alluding this FDA listed the Poisonous Database Plant laxative. of As JulyToo certainly and abortifacient tobe pulp issaid much edible of fruit the Bignonia longissima fig(MPG); 50 p 891(LWW): p (TRA) 67 Many species of species Many HAITI CATALPAHAITI ( , contain only catalpol; adults contain no detectable iridoid glycosides. iridoid no detectable Amounts contain adults catalpol; only contain , Catalpa Jacq.; Jacq.; B. pseudoquercus are home to the famous “catalpa” or“catawba” famous worm, home tothe are worm, Catalpa longissima BIGNONIACEAE Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Tuss.; Tuss.; Jacq. Dum.Cours.) ++ Macrocatalpa longissima Catalpa , but not necessarily this one) this , but not necessarily Ceratomia (Jacq.) Britton; Cerato- , the , the Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Extracts: Downsides: Dosages: Indications: Notes: Common Names: Common Synonyms: Trianosperma ficifolia Trianosperma g/kg orl (TRA). rat g/kg Swiss subcutaneously LD50 in rats. =13–21.5 TRA);1 g/kg LD50 ipr =>25 (MPG; rat g/kg atdosesof activity no antiplasmodial exhibited Regrettably, extract hydroalcoholic bark the species. this of TRA). of As totoxicity July 2007, onetitle alluding FDA listed the Poisonous Database Plant however,use by anyone LD50 data, (TRA). Their low, very indicate any, if toxicity (MPG; 14 no morethan days recommend and childbirth, orafter useby against children, advise also (TRA). not They known fetus women are onpregnant the effects and the due topregnancy; amenorrhea its cautions usein against TRAMIL for folklorically amenorrhea, used Though r r r r r r r r FNFF = ? Chinese species eaten (FAC). (f; VOD); (1; Ulcers TRA); Uterosis (f1; VOD); MPG; (f; VD VOD). TRA); Sores (f; VOD); (f; Sore Throat AUS; DAW; VOD); Stomachache (f1; MPG); Tonsilosis VOD); (f; Metrorrhagia VOD); Obesity (1; (f1; TRA); Pain (1; TRA); MPG; Rheumatism (f;Hemorrhoids VOD); JFM; (f; Hoarseness VOD); (1; TRA); Inflammation Leucorrhea (f; (f;entery AUS; DAW; VOD); Fever (f1; AUS; DAW; VOD); TRA; (f1; Gastrosis TRA); MPG; AUS; DAW; VOD); (f; Blennorrhagia AUS; DAW); BPH (1; (f; TRA); VOD); Diarrhea Dys- (1; (f; (f;Amenorrhea MPG); (f; Arthrosis Angina TRA); JFM); Asthma VOD); (f; Bleeding First declared an official drug in the in drug official an declared First Raiz de Bugre (Brazil; MPB; PIO); Taioia (Brazil; RAI); Taiuiá (Brazil; MPB; (Brazil; RAI); MPB); MPB; Guardião MPB; (Brazil; Brasil deNegro (Brazil; RAI); Cabeça RAI); Taiuiá Abobrinha do Mato (Brazil; MPB; PIO; RAI); Anapinta (Brazil; MPB; PIO); Azougue de “tayuya” for name common use the tayuya Bryonia orrhage (AHL).orrhage dysentery, for blennorrhagia, bark fever, suggest astringent the Hispaniolans hem- and (VOD). infusions leaf a/o bark soreswith and wash hemorrhoids Haitians (VOD). hemorrhage tonsilosis, uterine and sorethroat, metrorrhagia, rhea, for ortea dysentery, decoction bark orgargle fever, take leucor-Haitians hoarseness, honey with torelieve infusion (JFM). leaf angina take Haitians fever for and decoction VD, for salt leaf with asthma (VOD). take Haitians VD (VOD). dysentery, or for decoction diarrhea, orleaf ordouchebark with enemas take Haitians flower apply(VOD). crushed Haitians tohemorrhoids juice (MPG). gastralgia and herbsfor other with amenorrhea decoction bark the take Dominicans Vell. (basionym); TAYUYA ( TAYUYA ; T. piauhiensis T. tayuya tayuya Cayaponia Cayaponia piauhiensis Melothria hookeri Brazilian Pharmacopoeia Pharmacopoeia Brazilian ; T. tayuya (Vell.) USN).(RA2; fide Mart.; (Vell.) Cogn.) + (DLZ). ; C. ficifolia C. in 1929.in sometimes Bolivians ; C. tayuya tayuya C. (Vell.) Cogn.; 183 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 184 Extracts: Downsides: Dosages: Indications: Activities: (X16443215). (X17562851), rats Lewis in arthritis induced swelling in and damage bone/tissue reduced and hypersensitivity by reactions proliferation (IC50 suppressing =1.48type Tlymphocyte μM) delayed- inhibited root, (X7742799). the B, from isolated dihydrocucurbitacin triterpene The 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate promoter tumor by(EBV) the activation induced Cayaponosides B, B3,virus D, onEpstein-Barr D3b,effects inhibited C2significantly and species. totoxicity of this alluding onetitle FDA listed Poisonous Database Plant of As July 2007, (RAI). the mg/kg ipr,Slightly but not mg/kg toxic at2,000 toxic at500 orally r r r r FNFF = ? 1 cup root tea 2–3×/day; 1–2 g root powder 2–3×/day (RAI). (f;Ulcers RA2); Wounds (f; RA2). (f;Syphilis MPB; PIO; Tumors RAI); (f1; X7742799); RAI; JLH; (f; VD MPB; PIO; RAI); Sores (f; SplenosisRAI); RAI); (f; (f1; Stress RAI); Swelling (f1; RAI); X15124085); RAI; (f; MPB); (f; (f; (f; Bite Sciatica Snake Rheumatism Scrofula MPB; (f; RAI); RAI); RAI); (f1; (f; Pain Rabies RAI); (f; RAI); Ophthalmia (f; Oliguria Neuralgia RAI); RAI); RAI); (f1; RAI); Inflammation (f1; MPB;RAI; X15124085; X16443215;(f; (f; Headache Hepatosis (f; RAI); RAI); (f; RA2); (f; IBS Indigestion Herpes RAI); RAI); X17562851); Leprosy (f; sipelas (f; PIO); (f; Fatigue (f; Furuncles PIO); RAI); (f; Gastrosis MPB; PIO;Gout RAI); MPB; PIO); (f1; Edema X15124085); RAI; Enterosis (f; PIO); Epilepsy (f; Ery- MPB; RAI); RA2); (f; Dysmenorrhea Dyspepsia (f; RAI); PIO; EBV RAI); (1; X7742799); (f; Eczema Depression (f; (f; (f; Dermatosis RAI); (f; Dropsy MPB; RAI); RAI); PIO; Diarrhea RAI); Cholera (f; ConjunctivosisRAI); RAI); (f; Constipation (f1; RAI); (f; PIO;Debility RAI); Backache (f; Boils (f; RAI); MPB); (f1; X7742799); Cancer RAI; JLH; (1; Cancer, skin (f; (f1;Acne (f; Amenorrhea X16443215); MPB); (f; RAI); RAI; Arthrosis Anemia RAI); X16443215); Tonic (f; RAI). AT-Inhibitor (1; X17562851); Purgative (f; PIO); Stomachic (f; (1; RA2); TNF-alpha-Inhibitor (f1; (f1; Diuretic (f; Emetic RAI); RAI); MPB); Laxative (f1; (1; Nervine NF- RAI); RAI); MPB); Choleretic (f1; (f; Depurative RAI); MPB; PIO; Detoxicant (f; Digestive RAI); RAI); (f1; X7742799); RAI; JLH; (1; Antitumor-Promoter X7742799); Bitter (f; (f; MPB); Cathartic (1;liferant X17562851); (1; X2158783); RAI; Antiradicular (f; MPB); Antisyphilitic Antitumor MPB; X15124085; RAI; X16443215; X17562851); Antioxidant (1; X2158783); RAI; Antipro- (1;Anticancer (1; AntiEBV RAI); X7742799);(f1; (f; Antiinflammatory Antiedemic RAI); Adaptogen (1; Alterative (f; (1; RAI); RA2); Analgesic (f1; X16443215); Antiarthritic RAI); MPB;zil; PIO; RAI). PIO); Envenenada (Brazil; de Fruta Tayuya (Eng.; Scn.; USN); Sp.; Tomba RAI; AH2; (Bra- Peruvians use for dermatoses, rheumatism, and snake bite snake (RAI). and rheumatism, usefor dermatoses, Peruvians Colombians usefor soreeyes (RAI). (PIO; RAI). tumors and lis, bite, snake syphi- scrofula, sciatica, rabies, rheumatism, pain, rosy, oliguria, neuralgia, enterosis,lep- epilepsy, gout, inflammation, headache, erysipelas, fatigue, furuncles, dropsy, edema, dyspepsia,eczema, matosis,dysmenorrhea, detoxification, diarrhea, cholera, backache, boils, constipation, der- arthrosis, for amenorrhea, take Brazilians for eyes, depression, take swelling edema, fatigue, (RAI). and Amazonians Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Notes: Synonyms: Illustrations: a “sure cure” for diabetes. People with sugar in the urine may “recover” after the tea (perhaps (perhaps tea the may “recover” after fora “sure cure” Peopleurine the diabetes. with in sugar as infusion leaf the recommend of Barbadans gest acaution Morton: because from it toothers ppmchlorogenic acid (X15636168).about 3,000 it myself, try not Imight sug- Imight Though glucose blood Fasting tea. leaf received was lowered by 15.25%, therapy) cholesterol by 14.62%, by triglycerides and 42.0%. conventional to Leaves contain well responding (not patients Cecropia obtusifolia embryos. straight ovules, and basal pseudomonomerous gynoecia, bark, tothe ifers the Moraceae monophyletic. family, rendering aseparate as Cecropiaceae (2002) well for argues maintaining Judd etal. leaves shallowly >11 4–6; spadices (ca. pistillate peduncle, per ½)Staminate into divided leaves 2–4; deeply <10 (>¾) spadices pistillate peduncle, per 8–13 into divided Staminate list northern South America South America northern Both on others. myself, generically but belief I’m reluctant topush that tothink (MAX). analagos” inclined referdata to (1969) Mexico, In Martinez studied. which were species pharmacologically his says all that generic. tobe Without tend we voucher names maycommon not specimens, always sure be The species. many always the distinguish ethnobotanists, the folklore, nor the all reporting of pistillate flowers, as occurs in apex perianth of atthe the pubescence arachnoid lacks white, and pith than brown, rather Some Beauvoir citations below etal. (as VOD) apply to Kl.; et al. (2001),et al. calling what are they that note (AHL; species BNA); Indian e.g., American/West major, others, Central orcatchall, Beauvoir use Some still genus species. authors of some hundred American tropical, Cecropia peltata Ambaiba peltata peltata Ambaiba pl (DAG); 206D pl 20, p67 (L&W) I think I would try this species for diabetes, based on its folklore and its onits close folklore and based for species relation diabetes, to this Iwould try I think Taylor aggregates (2005) 7–11 round tippedlobes lobes...... obtusifolia C. obtusa C. peltata for West the keyed be two follows can The as Indies. (TBC): Cook &Collins.;Cook C. peltata O. Ktze.; Ktze.; O. is rather the catchall name for many different species of this interesting, interesting, for of species this different name many catchall the is rather RME TREE ( TRUMPET , subject of a recent clinical study., subject of clinical arecent For a21-day 22 double-blind trial, but seems to assume that “todas las Cecropias tienen propiedades propiedades tienen Cecropias las “todas that toassume but seems C. obtusa and Cecropia arachnoides Cecropia arachnoides Cecropia C. obtusifolia C. C. obtusifolia obtusifolia C. Coilotapalkus peltata peltata Coilotapalkus C. peltata CECROPIACEAE , closely related, or identical, farther south)., closely farther oridentical, USN related, not does is closer to Urticaceae, sharing the restriction of latic- restriction the iscloser sharing toUrticaceae, Cecropia peltata , C. peltata . Frankly I don’t think that many of the natives of many Idon’t the that . Frankly think C. palmata C. co-occur in parts of Central America, Mexico, America, of Central parts in co-occur Pitt.; is not what Linnaeus named named is not what Linnaeus Hitchcock; fide(HH3). C. asperrimaC. , and , and C. schreberiana C. L.) ++ C. peltata Pitt.; , in her book (RAI). (RAI). herbook , in Miq. which a has C. obtusifolia C. C. humboldtiana humboldtiana C. C. peltata C. peltata C. peltata as the the as 185 . C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 186 Activities: Names: Common lytic (f; RAI); Secretolytic (f; RAI); Vulnerary (f; (f;lytic (f; Secretolytic Vulnerary VOD). RAI); RAI); X16177966); Hypotensive (f; X1704056); RAI; Laxative (f; Lipolytic (f; RAI); Muco- RAI); X161407);RAI; (f; Hemostat (f1; Hepatotonic Hypoglycemic JFM); (f1; RAI); AAB; RAI; (f; Fungicide (f1; Expectorant (f; RAI); Emmenagogue RAI); RAI); AHL; HH3; MAX; diotonic (f1; AHL; DAW; (f1;spasmodic (f1; Astringent RAI); HH3); AHL; JFM; (f1; Bactericide X16483385); RAI; MAX); Car- CNS-Depressant(f1; VOD); (f; RAI; (f; Anti- RAI); (f; (f; Antiobesity Antioxidant Antiradicular RAI); RAI); RAI); Diuretic (f1; (1;ACE-Inhibitor HH3; (f; Analgesic (f1; RAI); AHL); Antiasthmatic Antiinflammatory RAI); JFM; prepared). diacritically entries can AVP); Yaruma (Dor.; Hembra AVP); Yarumo (Col.; AVP); Yongol RAR). (Nscn; Ameri- (Peru; (Cuba;bra Dor.; AVP); AHL; Yagrumo (Cuba; Dor.; Pr.; Sp.; Ven.; AVP; USN); Yaruma (Dor.; Papaw (Dwi.; AVP); Yabruma (Dor.; AVP); Yagruma (Cuba; Sp.; AVP; RyM); Yagruma Hem- AVP); Umbauba Brava (Por.; AVP); Wanasora (Br. Guy.; AVP); (Bel.; Waruma BNA); Wild BNA); (Par.; Umaubeira AVP); Por.; Umbauba (Brazil; AVP; Umbauba (Por.; Branca RAI); TreeTrumpet (Jam.; Pr.; AVP; USN); JLH; Wood Trumpet (Eng.; Vi.; AVP); Tuaromo (Bel.; AHL); VOD); Trompette (Haiti; Séche AHL); Trompettier (Haiti; (Ocn.; Trumpet Sp.; AH2); Weeds (Eng.; AVP); Trompeta (Mex.; AVP); Trompetenbaum (Ger.; USN); Trompette (Haiti; (Ese MD2); (Amahuaca; Shankón Wood Snake JFM); (Eng.; AVP; USN); Tacuna AVP); (Peru; Taóje Hór (Bel.; BNA); (Bar.; Pop-a-Gun AVP; USN); (Eng.; Pumpwood (Ma.; HH3; L&W); Saruma (Pr.; Sp.; AVP); (Cuna; Pan.; (Col.; IED); Nilauala Orumo AVP); Palo deLoja (Arg.; AVP); Po (Ger.;Kanonenbaum HH3); Kaóje (Ese AVP; Peru; Snakewood (Brazil; (Eng.;Imbauba Indian FAC); HH3; RAI); Ix-Coch (Ma.; HH3); DAG; L&W; (Ven.; USN); AVP); Guarura (Br. Igarata Guy.; Guat.; AVP); (Ma.; JFM); Imbaiba (Mex.; Ocn.; Sp.;Guarumbo AVP); AH2; (Bel.; Col.; Guarumo Cr.; Ecu.; Guat.; Sp.; AVP; AAB; (Ma.; JFM); (Dor.; Guarimbo AHL); (Ma.; Hembra (Pr.; JFM); Grayumo L&W); Guarima (Choco;Eporro Col.; Pan.; IED); Wood Float (Eng.; AVP); (Dor.; Grayumbe AHL); Grayumbo Guy.; AVP); (Fr.; desCaraibes HH3); (Fr.; Coulequim Coulequin AVP); Embauba (Sa.; RAI); (Mex.; AVP);Chancarro (Bel.; Otz Cho BNA); AAB; Coilotopalo (Ma.; HH3); (Br. Congo Pump (Shipibo/Conibo; MD2); Bosh Papaya (Sur.; AVP); Bospapaja (Sur.; L&W); AVP); (Peru; Cetico AVP; AVP;AHL; AHL; Bois Guad.; Trompette Mart.; Bokon (Fr. Haiti; RAI); Guiana; RAI); Boessi PapajaJFM); (Sur.; AVP); Bois Trin.; (Fr.; Canon Guad.; Mart.; Fr. Grenada; Guiana; (Arg.;Ambatí AVP); (Arg.; Ambaú AVP); (Por.; Preguica da AVP; Arvore Bauna (Ma.; JFM); Ak’l (Bel.; BNA); (Fr.; Ambai AVP); (Car.; Ambaïba VOD); (Fr.; HH3); desCaraibes Ambaiba Cecropia peltata balsa, resource, hastatus lostomus (!). stain ( spear-nosed Genipa longer caustic, bats lasting alittle Greater tobe than said yields “magic-marker,” ared This decapitate. stain, Choco resultant whichyoung the the trees afavored on Fruits food of howler iguana. of the retreat acaterpillar isoften monkeys. There West Leaves Indies. afavorite over hanging branches, food sloth,rivers, of and, afavorite the terolemic (2), hypoglycemic (2), hyperlipidemic, hypotensive, (2). hypotriglyceridemic and hypocholes- diuretic. (2), cardiotonic, antidiabetic 1as bacteristat, scoring antihypertensive, Caveat emptor(JFM). levels sugar high with blood, coma” “may diabetics, go the adiabetic into But in diet. true green astrictly urine), maintaining tothe if attracted by orants bush dip-sticks, measured as Hollow trees, in Central America almost always the but by almost soin rarely ants, inhabited America Central Hollow in trees, From the PubMed database, oneconcludes database, that PubMed From the ’ eja; MD2); Tongko MD2); Huachipaeri; Tongo (Amarakaeri; MD2); (Matsigenka; Tree Ochroma lagopus Ochroma fruit in spring (X9480702). spring in fruit ) call more often and fly in larger groups when feeding on a concentrated onaconcentrated groups when larger flyin feeding and moreoften ) call , flowers, in winter than on the more dispersed resource resource dispersed the more on , flowers,than winter in Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook ’ eja; (Sp.; MD2); Llagruma AVP); Hembra Llagrumo C. obtusifolia obtusifolia C. has been better studied, Phyl- Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Dosages: Indications: Spasms (f1; Splenosis RAI); (f; VOD); Shigella r r r r r r 2–3 gpowdered capsule/tablet 2×/day. leaf (RAI); 2–3×/day tea 1cup differences. leaf aware but perhaps of differences, taxonomic culinary of ashes chew coca available the from their with toingest young “cal” the orlime make eating clearly buds, food. Peruvians survival adecent sloth when hesaw 5-toed me methe called guides, (IED). oneof Segundo, my Amazonian the pith eat for . Native filling Americans as orused fresh eaten reportedly fruits ripe Leaves smoked tobacco like (AAB). Facciola (1998) is even more generous with leavesa potherb. The flowers(FAC). and broths” their with used were by Americans black FNFF = ! Facciola’s reports sound tastier than I find the plants: “Young buds are eaten as VOD; X16543209). RAI; MD2; AHL; Toothache (f; (f; (f; HH3); VD Viruses AHL; JFM); (f; JFM); Warts AHL); Wounds (f1; (f1; Swelling (f; Stomatosis VOD); MAX); (f;RAI); Strangury JFM; JFM; AAB; RAI); (f1; (f; Respirosis (f1; RAI); HH3; RAI); AAB; Rheumatism RAI); VOD); (f; Pneumonia RAI); (f; RAI); Pertussis JFM; (f; MAX; RAI); Oliguria (f1; RAI); Pain (f1; IED; MD2; RAI); Parkinson’s (f; (f; Nephrosis Nervousness (f;HH3; Neurosis RAI); (f; RAI); AAB; Obesity JFM); JFM; JFM); RAI; X161407; HH3;AAB; RAI; X16483385); (f1; RAI; Inflammation VOD); Mycosis (1;AAB; X1704056);RAI; (f; Hyperglycemia Hoarseness (f1; JFM); X16177966); RAI; (f1; Infection AAB; JFM; MAX; RAI); Hematoma (f; Glycosuria (f; Hepatosis (f; RAI); (f;RAI); Gonorrhea RAI); JFM; JFM); Herpes (f; X161407);HH3; RAI; AHL; (f; Gangrene VOD); (f; Gas VOD); HH3; (f; Gastrosis Glossosis RAI); (f; RAI);EB30:115; High MD2; VOD); JFM; (f; Flu (f1; MD2); (f; Fungus JFM; Fracture RAI); AAB; Blood Pressure (f; VOD); Edema HH3; JFM; RAI); Epilepsy (f; VOD); (f1; AAB; (f;Dysentery EB30:115; VOD); (f; Dysmenorrhea IED); Dyspepsia (f; IED); (f; Dysuria JFM; MAX; RAI; X16177966); Coughs (f;HH3; JLH); EB30:115; (f; VOD); Dermatosis RAI; RAI); (f1; Diabetes AAB; Diarrhea (f; (f; Chorea (f; MD2; RAI); AHL); JFM; AHL; Colds (f; MD2); Constipation (f; (f; Corns RAI); RAI; VOD); DropsyDAW; (f; (f1; Cardiopathy Cancer JFM); RAI); DAW; (f; AHL; Childbirth RAI); MAX; JFM; AAB; MAX); VOD); (f; Blennorrhagia AHL); Bronchosis (f; (f; (f1; Callus Bruises RAI); RAI); AHL; (f1;teria X16483385); RAI; Biliousness (f; Bites (f; RAI); (f; Bleeding MD2; RAI); JFM; VOD); (f; RAI; (f; MAX; (f; AAB);Amenorrhea AHL); JFM; Bac- Asthma AHL; Arthritis Colombians use for cardiopathy, childbirth, dysmenorrhea, and Parkinson’s and dysmenorrhea, Colombians usefor (RAI). cardiopathy, childbirth, RAI). wounds (JFM; and warts, vaginosis, bite, UTIs, sores, son’s, snake rheumatism, respirosis, pneumonia, dysentery, edema, flu, gonorrhea, hemorrhoids,high blood pressure, malaria, Parkin- cancer, cardiopathy, bronchitis, bleeding, chagas, congestion, diarrhea, cough, diabetes, for plant for decoction bronchosis cough,the leaf asthma and diuretic usethe Brazilians (AAB). decoctions swellings leaf in useleaves bathing for rheumatism, Belizeans steams in X(AAB). I’ll Syndrome and add nephrosis, sedative, hepatotonic, dropsy, and fordiuretic, diabetes, blood infection, high pressure, 2cups water, in 1cup 2×/day/3 20min (1 tea useleaf steeped days) leaf Belizeans as (JFM). for cure” a“sure as diabetes infusion leaf the recommend Barbadans Parkinson’sses, and (JFM). disease acup/day take (1–2Argentinians leaves water) 1liter in for for 3months neuro- chorea, (1; Bite Snake (f; RAI); Sores (f; VOD); JFM); JFM; (f; Sore Throat JFM); AAB; Staphylococcus Cecropia Pseudomonas (1; Stings (f; MD2; RAI); JFM; leaves, unaware of Isuspect the Escherichia (1; Pulmonosis RAI); Salmonella (1; Fever RAI); (f; C. palmata C. (1; RAI); RAI); (1; 187 ; C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 188 Extracts: Downsides: Common Names: Common Synonyms: Illustrations: ley model rat (X16543209). (X161407). fungicidal Extract Daw- Sprague in properties wound exhibited extract healing plant leaf ethanolic Aqueous and totoxicity species. four titles of alluding listed this of As July 2007, FDA (RAI). the Poisonous Database conditions ordiabetes Plant cardiac in (AHP; KOM;Not studied PHR). pregnancy;consult before practitioner in taking Donot take r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r jou Pays (Guad.; L&W); Acajou Rouge (Fr.; L&W); Guad.; JTR; Acajou (Guad.; Senti Acajou (Fr.; L&W); Acajou (Guad.; Amer L&W); Acajou aMuebles (Guad.; L&W); Aca- Cedrela glaziovii fig(DAV); 63 fig(L&W); 108 p 38(AAB) Venezuelans take for constipation, heart ailments, inflammation, and(RAI). wounds inflammation, Venezuelans ailments, for constipation, take heart X1704056). RAI; biteblood snake (JFM; and pressure, for decoction leaf cough, fever, take flu;the Trinidadans and plant highfor bronchosis, son’s, wounds (RAI). and fever, Parkin- for cardiopathy, bleeding, take diarrhea, oliguria, dermatosis, Peruvians dyspepsia, enterosis, fever, RAI). (IED; pain hepatosis, and headache, gastrosis, dysmenorrhea, for diarrhea, aches, bleeding, dermatosis, abscesses, take Nicaraguans RAI). wounds (JFM; obesity, and neurosis, nephrosis, mation, warts, pulmonosis, dysentery, fever, edema, hepatosis, inflam- coughs, cystosis, diarrhea, diabetes, fracture, corns, chorea, cardiopathy, calluses, childbirth, bites, burns, for asthma, Mexicans take (JFM). sorethroat nervousness, and for decoction hoarseness, leaf take Jamaicans (VOD). epilepsy, for decoction asthma, fever, leaf the take Parkinson’s,Haitians splenosis and Valley Marbial in (VOD). gas useleaves toalleviate Haitians baths in wounds (VOD). and warts, callus, toopen bark apply the caustic latex from the Haitians RAI). (JFM; rheumatism and gonorrhea, edema, atherosclerosis, diabetes, for asthma, using also diuretic, and cardiotonic, antipertussic, new as shoot decoction take Guatemalans tion for swelling hepatosis (JFM). and young decoc- the gonorrhea; leaf in enema an as infusion leaf/bark Guadelupans take for (AHL).tea blennorrhea using bark emmenagogue, and astringent, antidiarrheal, as view bark the Dominicans cough (AHL). for tea leaf the for asthma; steam and bronchitis tea leaf boiled the inhale Dominicans (JLH). warts Mexicans apply and and latex tocorns Martiniquans, Jamaicans, Guianans, Cubans, RAI). (JFM; warts sores,VD, and pain, hepatosis, herpes, gonorrhea, dysentery, cough, dermatosis, fever, callus, dyspepsia, bile disorders, edema, asthma, plant for the abscesses, amouthwash as decoction taking forusing and the toothache, every 1cup decoction 1–2 for 1–2 hr leaf, taking 1fresh weeks boil forCubans asthma, C. DC.; SPANISH CEDAR ( C. mexicana mexicana C. Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook MELIACEAE M. Roem.; Cedrela odorata C. sintenisii L.) ++ C. DC.; (POR; fideUSN). Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Dosages: Indications: Activities: r r r r r FNFF = ! Young leaves eaten cooked (TAN). Worms (f;JFM); JTR); IED; Wounds (f; JFM). (f; Toothache Syphilis JFM); JTR); (f;JFM); Tuberculosis JFM; EGG; (f; (f; DLZ); VD (f; Rheumatism DAW);JFM); (f; Ciguatera JTR); Bite Snake (f; EGG); Sores (f; EGG; (f; (f;Orchitis MPB); RAR); Pain EGG; (f; JFM; (f; AAB; Pyorrhea Pulmonosis JFM); (f; Mucososis (f; JFM); AAB); Myalgia (f; DAV); (f; Nausea JFM); (f; Ophthalmia JFM); Leishmania (f;Gastrosis Gingivosis JFM); (f; (f; (1; Blood Headache High Pressure JFM); JFM); AAB); Epilepsy (f; JTR); Fever JFM; (f; (f; Flu UPH); JTR; MPB); IED; (f; Gangrene RAR); EGG; Dyspepsia (f; (f; Dysuria DAV; JFM); EGG); (f; Elephantiasis Enterosis (f; JFM); AAB); Colds (f;JFM); MPB); (f; (f; (f; Cramps Dysmenorrhea EGG); JFM); JFM); EGG; Diarrhea (f; (f;Anorexia Bleeding Bronchosis (f; JFM); (f; JFM); Bruises AAB); (f; JFM); Cancer Vasodilator (1; AAB); Vermifuge (f; JTR). IED; Molluscacide (1; AAB); Orexigenic (f; (f; JTR); Pectoral Tonic JFM; JFM); (f; JFM); AAB; (f; (f; Emetic JFM); (f; RAR); Febrifuge UPH); Hypotensive (1; (1; AAB); Insectifuge AAB); (1; X12570769;Analgesic (f; Antimalarial JFM); X9134742); (f; Astringent DAW); Collyrium Hong POR); (China; Chun Yan Yang POR). (China; Chun (Eng.; USN); POR; Westindische (Ger.; Zeder USN); POR; (Aym.; Witara DLZ); Xiang POR); (Malay; USN);POR; (Aym.; Surian Thujra Witara DLZ); West Indian-Cedar (Eng.; (Eng.; Scn.; L&W); Cedar AH2; RAR); Spanish-Cedar EGG; South American Tepehua; (Peru; POR);(China; (Bel.; EGG); BNA); Cedar Red Puxni (Peru; Santabiri (Eng.;Shipibo/Conibo; Hong USN); POR; EGG); Chun Xiang Ge Mexican-Cedar Mo Xi Maya; AAB); (Br. Kurana Guy.; L&W); (Curacao; Leli (Peru; L&W); Conshan Manan (Jam.; L&W); Cedar DLZ); (Chiriguano; Jamaican Izozog; Ku (Bel.; Che DLZ); Iguirane (Jam.; (Chiriguano; IED); L&W); Cedar Honduras Iguinane (Garifuna; L&W); Hibúari (Eng.;box-Cedar Trin.; L&W; USN); POR; (Cr.; Cobana L&W); IED; (Mex.; Culche USN); Rojo Cedro (Bel.; Sp.; Peru; BNA; LOR); Vermelho L&W); Cedro (Brazil; Cigar- Mexicana (Pr.;Cedro L&W); Oloroso (Pr.; Cedro L&W); (Sal.; Real Cedro Altura Sp.; POR; de Cedro USN); nyol (Pr.; L&W); Hembra (Cuba; Cedro Dor.; Pr.; RAR; L&W); Macho (Cuba; Cedro L&W); POR; MDD; LOR; MPB); (Cr.; (Brazil; (Pr.; Dulce L&W); Cedro doAmazonas Cedro L&W); Espa- Cedro Sp.; (Peru; L&W); (Ecu.; del deBajo RAR); Pais deCastilla RAR); Cedro (Peru; Cedro (Peru; Cedro Colorado Cedro L&W); (Col.; Blanco (Cr.; L&W); Caoba (Col.; Cedro L&W); Cebolla (Pan.; JTR); Clavel Cedro Cedro MPB); (Cr.; Amargo Cedro Pan.; (Ven.; Ven.; L&W); L&W); Amarillo JTR; Cedro Cedro USN); (Bel.;Espagnol Col.; (Haiti; Cedro Brazil; Hon.; Cuba; Por.; Sp.; BNA; AAB; JTR; L&W); Acajou Cèdre (Fr.; (Fr.; USN); POR; desBarbares USN); POR; Cèdre Cèdre (Trin.; USN);POR; JTR); (Sur.; Cedar Ceder L&W); (Japan; Cedoro POR); (Haiti; Cèdre (Eng.;L&W); Acaju RAR); L&W); EGG; Barbados-Cedar (Peru; (Brazil; Atoc Cedro Latinos take resin tincture for elephantiasis and pulmonary tumors (JFM). tumors for pulmonary and elephantiasis tincture resin take Latinos (JFM). lepsy for epi- 100 sweetened water cc 3–4×/day decoction, cc 500 in 50 gbark take Latinos nausea (JFM). dyspepsia, fever, for decoction diarrhea, and bark hemorrhage, gastrosis, take Latinos for baths fever twigs in (JFM). and useleaf pain and Jamaicans (JTR).toral wounds; pec- and as resin using towash the bruises and febrifuge as usebark Cubans (f; (f1; EGG); Malaria DAW; X12570769; JTR; EGG; X9134742); Miscarriage 189 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 190 Notes: Synonyms: Illustrations: Extracts: Downsides: recognized only evil spirits.My Beauvoir Peruvian (2001) et al. confidants note heavens. the and earth between conceived link the similar as spiritually often are this Big like trees spiritualdescribe associations good and inevil Cuba, spirits therein; my BelizeanE.; Maya colleagues occidentale Burkh.; Maza; Bombax guineenseBombax fig 153(L&W); fig(IED) 172 extract antimalarial activity antimalarial significant has gedunin compound The this species. ofAs July totoxicity 2007, twoof titles FDA alluding listed the Poisonous Database Plant r r r r r r (X9134742). chloroquine-resistant clones), with gedunin exhibiting better activity than chloroquine Peruvians take alcoholic bark macerate for malaria (EGG). for malaria macerate bark alcoholic take Peruvians (EGG). decoction sores(“uta”) wounds suggest bark with and leishmanic Peruvians washing for decoction fever bark take (IED). Garifuna Nicaraguan JTR). for fever epilepsy bark and root for the infusion toothache, (JFM; Mexicans useleaf Mexicans suggest for 5cups/day tea cough(JTR). bark of the (JFM). headache chronic and inappetence for menstrual infusion sweetened bark take Latinos Xylon pentandrum Xylon pentandrum C. caribaea C. C. thonninggii ; E. oreintale (DC.) A.Chev; CEIBA ( Thon.; (L.) Kun.;USN).(EGG; fide in vitro ; Eriodendron anfractuosum ; E. pentandrum B. occidentaleB. Ceiba pentandra for for BOMBACACEAE C. casearia casearia C. Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Plasmodium falciparum Spren.; Spren.; Kurz.; Kurz.; Medik; Medik; (L.) Gaertn.) ++ Gaertn.) (L.) B. pentandrum Gossampinus alba alba Gossampinus DC.; C. guineenseC. E. caribaeum E. in vitro (chloroquine-sensitive and L.; ; Ceiba anfractuosa anfractuosa Ceiba C. occidentalisC. Ham.; (X12570769). Wood Wood (X12570769). ; E. guineenseE. G. rumphii (Spreng.) (Spreng.) (DC.) S. & & S. ; E. Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Common Names: Common vodou recognizes the tree as the preferred habitation preferred of the as the tree the vodou recognizes (which Haitian dead. ofsonia the spirits the see). and spirits superior Ceiba toattract issaid Adan- African similar the remembering perhaps Oddúa, deities and with the Oroko, Obatalá, holy the religions tree associate Afro-Cuban Surinam. and Jamaica, Haiti, Guyana, Dominica, (VOD 1953). citing Hurbon, C. pentandra onespecies, all concludes are they opposite direction). were that the in winds Burkill prevailing thought (I toAfrica distributed wind perhaps and nativebe toAmerica, (1985) region, West to isthought the in largest the tobe African said says tree, the Burkill continents. It’s three Asia. and all in America, clearly important very Africa, for blowguns ondarts (DAV). used also Floss jackets life (JFM). in used “kapok” Ceiba but the considered sacred, also are trees “Other evoking serpent. as agiant sacred are buttresses beyond extending roots the serpentine wandering symbol of the maleness.” For some Africans, 1953). In the (VOD Soudanian Metraux, quoting tocommit” which propose they crimes the discuss and there sabbath region of Africa of hold and ‘wicked asort of year,of souls the plants’ foot the the tree of atthe gather agiant it is thought nights of travelers. certain hearts On the into terror strike forms monstrous their and at night, to be inhabited by …[S]ouls its hung branches in then big of ( the mapous “the divine Python, straw bags in which placed are are tree Ceibafor of the …Offerings asacred particular — in Habillo (Ma.; JFM); Hattian (Hindi; KAB); Huimba (Ma.; Peru; EGG; JFM); Hunti (Dahomey; (Dahomey; Hunti JFM); KAB); EGG; (Ma.; Peru; Huimba (Hindi; Hattian (Ma.; JFM); Habillo Hunsu (Savalu;Guedee KAB); KAB); (Grunchi; KAB); Gung (Bariba; Gwe Guma (Lib.; UPW); (Ivo.;Gna Kok Gon KAB) (Sassandra; Nion Go (Ic.; UPW); KAB); (Gabon; Gounga Ic.; AVP); (Fr.; FulugongaMalaise UPW); (Congo; AVP); (Sa.; Fuma KAB); RAR); (Bussanke; Gbe EGG; (Fr.; (Fr.; Fromager Commun FromagerJFM); Fromager UPW); des Antilles UPW); d’Indo- giere (It.; AVP); Fromager (Fr.; Guad.; Haiti; AVP; USN; JFM; VOD); Fromager Ceiba (Ma.; KAB); Enyainga KAB); (Nzima; Enyingna (Wassaw; KAB); Forgo (Niger; Formag- UPW); (Ghana; Elavam KAB);KAB); UPW); (Sri.; Ekile (Lahu; Egna KAB); Enya (Aowin; Sefwi; (Ma.; Por.; Cybba (Ma.; JFM); Cuypishtin AVP; Daldol (Vis.; KAB); (Bobo; JFM); Diulasso (Bwi.; AVP); Tree Cotton (Bel.; (Ma.; USN); (Ven.; JFM); Mapou Cotonnier Cumaca AVP); [1 Ceibo (Sanskrit Ceibon Yuca (Ma.; JFM); JFM); of Chirayu 8]; (Ma.; JFM); KAB); Corwood Ceibo Ceibo Jabillo (Ma.; (Ma.; Ceiba JFM); JFM); (Ma.; (Ma.; deLana JFM); Ceiba deGarzon KAB); Cayo (Bicol; KAB); Ceiba (Cr.; Dor.; Cuba; Pr.; Peru; Scn.; AVP; AH2; USN); EGG; (Ilo.;los Capas deAngel KAB); (Ma.; JFM); (Fr.; Capoc Jolo; USN); KAB; Cay (Annam; Gao (Diola; KAB); Bwa Coton(Creole; VOD); Haiti; Bwa CotonSwa (Creole; VOD); Haiti; Cabel- KAB); Bulacdondol (Cebu; KAB); (W. Buma WOI); (Kan.; Buraga UPW); Cameroons; Busaira (Gambia;Bosanobo Bosongu (Congo; UPW); AVP); Buday (Serere; (Pam.; KAB); Bulaccastila (Nig.; (Congo; Bokuma UPW); AVP); Bonga (Col.; Bongo Ma.; (Pan.; AVP; JFM); JFM); Boboy (Tag.; KAB); Bois Coton(Fr.; Fr. Guy.; AVP; (Fr.; Bois Épineux JFM); KAB); Boju Belon (Guin; KAB); KAB); Binteguie Bentegnievi (Nuolof; (Fulah; KAB); Blo (Turca; KAB); MPB);KAB); (Uv.; Bantignei deEspinjo (Brazil; Batigue (Sarracole; KAB); Barriguda UPW); Ic.; AVP; Malinke; KAB); (Dendi; (Gui.; Banda (Sierra Bantan Banta UPW); Leone; UPW); MPB); Gabon; MPB); (Brazil; (Bambara; dela(Brazil; deSeda Banan Arvore Arvore JFM); (Tulu;Ala (Sp.; KAB); Capoc (Kan.; Arbol KAB); Apurani USN); deAlgodon (Ma.; Sp.; Arbol for each country.UPW) (as Burkill onefrom only listed hereand Ihave shortcut names. mycommon usual taken or“fromagier.” (1985) should “fromager” be Burkill name gives nearly two pages of indica It will long contentious whether be It will is the most important” (UPW). Most plant parts can be made into food; the floss is the the floss food; into is the made be can Most plant parts (UPW). most important” isthe being the Asian variety (UPW). Likewise it iscontentious its French whether (UPW). variety Asian the being var. var. caribea “ being the African and American variety, American and African the being The worship ofThe [the Iwa] overlaps Loco worship of the with trees Ceiba pentandra pentandra Ceiba Ceiba pentandra Ceiba “ Ayida Wedo Ayida is endemic or introduced to orintroduced is endemic ) wander along roads along) wander roads ” and C. pentandra “ Iwa Dambala var. var. 191 ” C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 192 Indications: Activities: IED); (f; (f1; Dermatosis Diabetes UPW); JE84:139; UPW; VOD; WO2; X12648806); Dropsy; stipation (f; UPW; WO2); Coughs (1; COX); (f; Cramps Cystosis UPW); (f; IHB); (f; Debility (f; VOD); JFM; Childbirth Colds (f; IHB); Colic (f; Conjunctivosis UPW); (f; MPB; Con- UPW); Boils (f; KAB); (f1; Cancer (f; COX; KAB); (f; JLH; Cardiopathy FNF; IHB); Catarrh UPW); Ascites (f; (f1; IHB); Asthma COX; IHB); (1; Bacteria WO3); KAB; (f; Blennorrhea UPW); (f;Alopecia IED); Alzheimer’s (1; (f; (1; IHB); COX; Anasarca Arthrosis COX; FNF); FNF); (f; IED); Sedative (f; Tonic UPW); (f; WO2); (1; Trypanocide X16188409). (f1; JE84:139; WO2; X12648806); Laxative (f; UPW; WO2); Litholytic (f; IHB); Propecic UPW;EGG; WO2); Emollient (f; (f; Febrifuge UPW); DAV; GMJ; VOD); Hypoglycemic WO2);KAB; (f; Depurative KAB); (f; Diuretic DAV; ULW; EGG; WO2); (f; Emetic DAV; COX-1-Inhibitor (1; COX); COX-2-Inhibitor (1; (f; COX); (f; Demulcent UPW); Curare IHB); Astringent (f; EGG; IED; ULW); Bactericide (1; KAB); Contraceptive (f; VOD); (f1; VOD; WO3); (1; Antisickling X17113273); (f; (f; Aphrodisiac Antispasmodic UPW); AJC20:135); (1;AJC20:135); Antiinflammatory Antiprostaglandin (1; COX);Antiseptic Alterative (f; Analgesic (f; UPW); ULW); (1; Antiangiogenic X12601670); (1; Antiedemic Yaxche (Ma.;Xeni JFM); (Bel.; USN). JFM; KAB); RAR); Xono Xiloxochitl EGG; Yaaxche (Ma.; (Amahuaca; JFM); Yaga (Ma.; JFM); Tree Cotton (Eng.; Silk USN); Unup White Wuti(Ma.; (Ma.; JFM); JFM); (Awuna; Ewe; Krepi; WOI); (Tel.; Buragi Tella WOI); ToborochiJFM); (Bol.; AVP); Toborqachi (Bol.; AVP); (Sanskrit; Toxapu (Cashibo; RAR); EGG; Tunuum Salmali Sveta IED); Tiou (Wele; (Garifuna; KAB); MPB); Tídibu Maúru Thinbawle (Burma; KAB); Toborache (Ma.; (Brazil; Varzea de Sumaumeira AVP); MPB); MPB); (Brazil; Varzea da Sumauma (Brazil; (Por.; Sumauma Sumaumeira JFM); WOI);KAB; (Tagonana; Serigne Tree KAB); Cotton (Eng.; Silk USN; VOD); (It.; Sterculea (Mar.; WOI); (Col.;WOI); (Urdu; KAB); Saquisaqui Sambal Salmali IED); Schwetsimul (Ben.; AVP; Sudan; (Hausa; IHB); Rimi KAB); (Gui. Rumbum (Hindi; Bissau; Simal Safed UPW); Polão (Por.; (Java; Randu Polião (Por.; UPW); (Ma.; JFM); Malaya; Puchuta Sunda; UPW); Pochotle (Ma.; JFM); Pochotl (Ma.; JFM); Pochote (Ma.; JFM); (Ma.; Pochota JFM); JFM); Piton (Ma.; (Ma.; JFM); Pishtin (Bobo; (Ma.; JFM); Pi KAB); (Ma.; Peem Piim JFM); JFM); ULW); KAB); Panji Panya (Madras; (Sumatra; IHB); (Ulwa; ULW); (Ma.; Panjumaram Parana (Ulwa; (Mar.; KAB); Paniki MPB); Pandhari Lisa(Brazil; (Ma.; JFM); Paina Painera JFM); Onyang (Ashanti; Twi; (Ma.; Paina KAB); KAB); (Réunion; Pachote (Ma.; JFM); Ouatier NyeJFM); (Baule; KAB); KAB); Nyina (Fanti; Ogufe (Nago; KAB); Onyaitso (Ga; KAB); IHB); NoiNgui N’gwe (Thai; (Guro; IHB); KAB); Nun Nun (Thai; Tal IHB); Nuo (Thai; (Ma.; Mulende (Congo;(Ma.; JFM); AVP); WOI); (Mal.; Mullilavu Mu (Taiwan; Mien AJC20:135); VOD); (Sakalave; (Malaya; MNgkapas IHB); Moraingy Mocmayn (Ma.; JFM); KAB); Mox AVP; Mart.; (Haiti; VOD); JFM; AHL); Coton(Haiti; Mapou Zonbi (Creole; Mapou Haiti; Sp.;Blanca (Peru; LOR); (Por.; EGG; Arvores das Mae AVP); (Por.; Mapou UPW); Mafumeira Sp.; SOU); EGG; (Peru; Lupuna LOR); (Peru; EGG; Lupina UPW); (Dahomey; Lupuna Linihi (Creole;Mapou (Hova; VOD); KAB); Haiti; (KAB); Len Landihazobe (Ma.; JFM); Kumaka (Malaya; IHB);Kabu KAB); (Laos; Kokuiyu Konde (Soussou; KAB); Kor (Cam.; KAB); Koton (Dec.; KAB); (Sen.; Kidem Khatyan K UPW); JFM); (Dutch; KAB); Katunbom (Khandesh; van USN); Panji Kap (Sumatra; IHB); Katsa- K(Sumatra; IHB); Kapu JFM); (Dutch; Katoenboom USN; VOD); duTogo Kapokier (Fr.; (Malaya; IHB); Kapok Kapok UPW); Tree Kapok (Eng.; (Eng.; Floss Kapok KAB); (Fr.;USN); UPW; JFM); Kapokier (Dutch; Kapokboom JFM; Haiti; (Ma.; Sur.; AVP;Kankantrie (Eng.; Kapok USN; CR2; Haiti; JFM); VOD); (Ger.; Kapokbaum (Tel.; (Malaya; IHB); Kabu Kabu Sur.; Kadami (Dutch; KAB); Bbakkoe AVP; Kaddo JFM); WOI); (Sin.; Imbul KAB); (Bel.; Inup USN); (Malaya; IHB); Kabes Jaxche Kabu (Maya; JFM); (Cuna;KAB); IED); Igarwala Ilavam (Tam.; WOI); KAB); KAB; (Mal.; Ilavu (Tam.; Ilavum Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Extracts: Downsides: Dosages: flavan-3-ol,and (+)-catechin. Vavain and3´-o-beta-d-glucoside, vavain, (+)-catechin exhibited Vavain 3´-o-beta-d-glucoside together its with aglycon, and bark, the vavain, from isolated totoxicity species. titles alluding of this three (UPW; X911688). throat ear, and of As July 2007, FDA listed the Poisonous Database Plant most eye, mucosa, Not especially covered and (AHP; skin KOM; the PH2). irritate can Kapok r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r substitute (FAC; salt as sauce. used Ashes milk TAN; UPW). coconut in used curries; in latter the eaten, also stamens Flowers cooking. dried in used and oil Seed of tempeh. some types making in “kantong”; into used soups orfermented presscake FNFF = ! Young leaves, buds, and fruits eaten like okra. Seeds roasted and eaten, used in Wounds (f; Yellow JFM); Fever (f; VOD). (f;Urethrosis IHB); (f; VD KAB); IHB; Vertigo (f; VOD; KAB; IED; WO2); (f; Whitlow UPW); IHB); Swelling (f1; AJC20:135; UPW; VOD); (f; Syphilis IHB); (1; Trypanosoma X16188409); (1; X17113273); (f; Sore Throat VOD); Splenosis (f; (f; KAB); VOD); Sprains JFM; Stones (f; (f; (f; (f; Rickets Rhinosis JLH); Rheumatism UPW); UPW); WO2); Obesity (f; KAB); (f1; Pain COX; ULW); KAB; IED; (f; Plague KAB); Polyps (f; JLH); (f; (f;Leprosy WO2); Lochiorrhea KAB; UPW); KAB; (f; Lumbago (f; KAB; Migraine UPW); mation (1;mation AJC20:135; COX; (f; (f; IED); UPW); Insomnia UPW); Insanity IHB); (f; Inebriation KAB); (f1; IHB; Infection VOD; KAB; WO3); (f; Inflam- UPW); Infertility (f;Hoarseness VOD); IHB; Hyperglycemia (f1; JE84:139; WO2; X12648806); (f; Impotence (f; (f; Headache UPW); AHL); (f; Hemorrhoids Hepatosis (f; JFM); (f; KAB); Hernia UPW); DAV; GMJ; VOD); (f; Furuncles (f; Gastrosis UPW); Gingivosis UPW); (f; Gonorrhea UPW); VOD); Enterosis (f; WO2); KAB; IHB; Erysipelas (f; VOD); JFM; Fatigue (f; Fever UPW); (f; (f; AHL); (1; Dysmenorrhea COX; IED); (f; Dysuria WO2); KAB; (f1; Edema AJC20:135; UPW; gonorrhea, impotence, and leprosy and (KAB). impotence, gonorrhea, fever, for dysuria, blood orroots Yunani biliousness, boils, disorders, suggest gum the for cough (IHB). leaves pound Singaporans turmeric and onions with fever, (IHB). syphilis childbirth, in and ortea decoction useleaf Malayans (JFM). water, 15 applyhemorrhoids boil (4 min)and toleg decoction Latinos ulcers gbark/l (IHB). urethritis and cough, enterosis, hoarseness, for tea Javanese catarrh, leaf take (IHB). for bladder adiuretic stones as nutmeg, candy sugar and areca, with Javanese bark, take women Congo, in conception topromote to sterile Upper Volta and Coast, (UPW). tree’sof sapisgiven the bark seed), of ormoreprobably the the fecundity rapid growth, the usetender shoot acontraceptive as decoction Haitians (VOD). Conversely because (perhaps useacompress orlotion (VOD). leaves ofHaitians the dizziness toalleviate (VOD). fever yellow nervousness and in 1/3 antiseptic lemon with pulp juice as fruit mix Haitians (VOD). sorethroat and for tea cough,hoarseness, the drinking sprains, and infections, erysipelas, fatigue, onto bites, dermatosis, decoction boils, leaf orpoultice bathe Haitians (IHB). aphrodisiac as usebark Filipinos vertigo (KAB). and migraine in fruit the prescribe Cambodians suggest conjunctivosis sapin the (MPB).Brazilians splenosis (KAB). Ayurvedic for suggest cancer, hepatosis, blood gum obesity, disorders, the and pain, suggest (KAB). juice for root the diabetes Indians Asian Shigella (1; WO3); Sickle-Cell Klebsiella (1; WO3); WO3); (1; 193 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 194 Notes: Illustrations: Several members of the coffee family, like Indian mulberry, coffee of family,Several Indian the members like aquatic. almost and temperate both being in unique bush israther button Rubiaceae. The coffee of aren’t family the members there tropics, of Out shrubby the many too rainforests. plant reinvestigation, deserves tropical the in species somany but it like isnot endangered cat’s famous the resembling exceptand, thorns, for habits lianoid claw and the this of Peru, with, alkaloids many tonic; Sharing of eclectics spoke radar. it. highly off the But it dropped and diuretic, febrifuge, aperient, as 1890s fluid the the In extract even marketed Parke-Davis p 190 (AUS) angiogenesis 87.5% inhibited extract stem Methanol (X12601670). at100 μg/ml (X12648806). rats diabetic induced level glucose plasma streptozotocin in glycemic, reducing (150 b.w. mg/kg animals in sitemia 2×/day for 3days) (X16188409). hypo- extract Aqueous bark para- reduced extract bark Aqueous stem indomethacin. as antiinflammatory as 1/80th only IC50 values of 381, 97, and 80 μM (indomethacin, IC50 1.1 μM). (+)-catechin is still, however, out our marsh buttonbush, buttonbush, marsh out our tocheck agreed screen, new the cancer degato” through “una who (NCI), ran Institute Cancer gato,” Uncaria. Cephalanthus Uncaria. pers, the black ( the dash pers, two skip- especially new butterflies, places forfrom visitors. great seeking Buttonbushes are that pollenAfter has been brushed off, the pistil getting matures, sticky, and accepts pollen visitors. off oninsect brushes elongate there pollen the pistils and Then pistils. on immature and pollensheds male bisexual flowers.functionally the aromatic flowers are highly First willows); in that (like pollination globose flower the brush vividly timed may the have 200 I-95 near pond atBeltsville MD. caterpillars feed onfoliage, feed caterpillars and Severalwasps. flies, beetles, bees, along with frequent, are Black tiger swallowtails and Long-tongued butterflies and bees are the chief pollinators. Eastman Eastman (1992) the pollinators. chief are describes bees and Long-tongued butterflies Uncaria spp., have suggested tohave been activity. antitumor Dr. National of Cragg the BUTTONBUSH ( BUTTONBUSH Atrytone conspicua Atrytone was collected for the NCI screen onJuly for was NCI screen beaver collected 8,1992, the the from Cephalanthus occidentalis Acronicta Cephalanthus occidentalis Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook RUBIACEAE , Callosamia ) and the golden-banded skipper ( golden-banded skipper the ) and , Darapsa , which shares several compounds with with several compounds , which shares Morinda , and , and L.) + Eudryas spp. Peru’s and de “una Autochton cellus Autochton . Gall-gnat larvae larvae . Gall-gnat ). ). Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Dosages: Indications: Activities: Names: Common r r (ca. root 6-inch 1˝ acup of diam.) in water, several (CEB). cupful/day ½hr take FNFF = X. Boil a handful or cup of leaves and stems 5 min and drink 3 cups/day (CEB); boil (f; DEM; FAH; Tremors (f; HNI); (f; DEM); VD AUS; BUR). (f; (f; EAS; FAH); AUS); Strangury (f; Syphilis AUS; (1; JTR); Thrombus Toothache FNF); monosis (f; BUR; CEB); (f; Rheumatism AUS; DEM); Stomachache (f; AUS; DEM); Stones JTR); (f; Pertussis AUS); (f; Pharyngosis CEB); (f; Pleurisy FAH); (f; Proctosis DEM); Pul- (f; (f1; (f; Palsy DEM); Pain Ophthalmia IWU); CEB; CEB; FAH); HNI; FNF; Paralysis (f; (f; MyosisMetrorrhagia CEB; HNI); (f; DEM); Nausea (f; DEM); (f; Nephrosis EAS; FAH); (f; Stones DEM); (f; Kidney (f; EAS); AUS; Malaria BUR; CEB; EAS; FAH; TOM); JTR; X14668978); (f;EAS); Insomnia Inflammation (1; Ischemia FNF); (1; X12546715); Jaundice Gravel (f; CEB); (f; Headache AUS; FAH); Hepatosis (f; TOM); (1; Blood High Pressure FNF; (f;ria DEM); Fever (f1; (f; CEB; Gallstones DEM; EAS; TOM); (f; FNF); Gastrosis DEM); (f; DEM); (f; Dropsy AUS); (f; Dysentery AUS; DEM; FAH); (f; Dysmenorrhea CEB); Dysu- JTR); (f; (f; Cramps Debility CEB; DEM; HNI); FAH); (f; Dermatosis AUS; JTR); Diarrhea tivosis (f; FAH); Constipation (f; CEB); (f; Consumption AUS); Coughs (f; CEB; FAH; HNI; (f; Blennorrhagia FNF); JTR); (1; Cardiopathy X14668978); FNF; Colds (f; CEB); Conjunc- (1; (f;Ague EAS); X12546715); Arrhythmia (f; Asthma AUS; TOM); (f1; Bleeding AUS; DEM; (1;tonic Vasodilator (1; FNF); X14668978). (1;Paralytic TOM); Poison (1; FAH); Sedative (1; Tonic FNF); (f; TOM); CEB; Utero- JTR; (1; TOM); FNF; (f1; Hemostat AUS; Hypotensive FNF); (1; X14668978); Laxative (f; CEB); (f1;Emetic CEB; (f; DEM; TOM); Expectorant AUS); (f; Febrifuge CEB; DEM); Hemolytic (1;Convulsant TOM); (f; Diaphoretic FNF; BUR; CEB); (f; Diuretic BUR; CEB; DEM); Bitter (f1; TOM); Calcium-Blocker (1; X12546715); (f; CEB); Cathartic (f; Collyrium DEM); (1;Analgesic (1; X12546715); Antiarrhythmic IWU); FNF; (1; Antiischemic X12546715); (Eng.; Licorice Wild BUR); Yo Yada AUS). (Zapotec; (Nscn). (Eng.; BUR); Swan Dogwood (Eng.; BUR); Uvero (Mex.; AUS; (Eng.; BUR); JTR); Whiteball (Chickasaw; AUS); (Chickasaw; AUS); Shakchimitti Snowball (Eng.; AUS); Swampwood Sp.; Tex.; AUS); AUS); (Koasati, Imittó Sakcó Sakco’Meto (Creek; AUS); Shakchikoyyo Dogwood (Eng.; AUS; BUR; EAS; TOM); River Bush (Eng.; EAS); Rosa (Mex.; Juan deSan (Choctaw;Notêm Pisa AUS); (Eng.; EAS); Flower Pinball Pincushion (Eng.; AUS); Pond (Eng.; Snowball Little EAS); EAS); (Mex.; Mimbre AUS); (Eng.; (Mex.; Mimbro AUS); Globe Flower Mountain (Eng.; BUR); Knucklebrush JTR); (Mex.; Jazmín AUS); Sp.; (Mex.; (Eng.;Balls AUS; BUR; EAS); Honey Bells (Eng.; USN); Honey (Eng.; Plant EAS); Jasmin (Kiowa; AUS); Globe Flower (Eng.; AUS; EAS); Halpáti:Hosô:Tî AUS); (Miccosukee; Honey Willow (Eng.; AUS; EAS); (Eng.; Crouper EAS); Bush Crouper (Eng.; BUR); Ee-Toñ-Bà-a AUS); Clavellina deCiénega (Cuba; AUS; JTR); Buttonbush Common (Eng.; USN); Crane ton Willow (Eng.; USN); BUR; Buttonwood HNI; (Eng.; BUR); Shrub (Nahuatl; Cahuapate But- BUR); (Eng.; Tree Button USN); (Eng.; Buttonbush EAS); (Eng.; Shrub Buttonball BUR); AUS; JTR); Bald Elder (Eng.; TOM); Bois dePlomb Fr.; (Canada; AUS); Box Bush (Eng.; (Choctaw; AUS);Akkasoli deCiénega Aroma (Cuba; AUS; (Cuba; deLaguna JTR); Aroma foliage the stems; deer the (EAS; beaver MZN). seed; muskrat and ( Rhabdophaga (HNI). pain and leaves 3cups/day and stems Chippewa metrorrhagia, boiled take for cramps, for head (DEM). tothe eye poultice root Chickasaw warm ailments applied ) may cause swollen stem galls. Bitterns, bobwhites, ducks, and rails eat the eatthe ) may causeswollen bobwhites, rails Bitterns, and ducks, galls. stem 195 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 196 Common Names: Common Notes: Extracts: Downsides: SOU); Virgin’s DAV).SOU); (Eng.; Weed DAV); MDD); (Eng.; Weed Holy Sp.; LOR; (Peru; Nyucjau (Peru; Santa Hierba SOU); (Peru; Sp.; (Peru; delaVirgin Hierba LOR); SOU); (Peru; del Hedionda Hierba Hierba Cancer of names Uses colloquial and (X14668978). (PH2), vasodilator serotoninergic uterotonic, and hypotensive (JBH), myocontractant (IWU), neuroparalytic, protisticide (IWU), sedative,thrombic (PH2), cardiodepressant (IWU), dopaminergic (PH2), febrifuge (PJB1(2):284),is anesthetic (IWU), antiaggregant (PH2), antihypertensive (IWU), antipyretic rhynchophylline ishemostat; hemolytic; emetic, and cephalin isconvulsant, (JBH),Cephalanthin anti- species. totoxicity 33 of listed titles alluding this Database convulsion, Asof paralysis. July and destruction, corpuscle 2007, FDA the Poisonous Plant may causeviolent FAH). (BUR; vomiting, Cephalanthine animals Leaves poison grazing can r r r r r r r r r Seminoles used for used Seminoles dysentery, stomachache, water headache, retention and (AUS). (AUS). dropsy and whiskey in for roots asthma the steeped Panhandlers (AUS). plant bitter for the used malaria Louisianans (DEM). muscles for decoction root enlarged the for decoction rheumatism, took leaf Koasati (AUS; ahemostat as Kiowa decoction plant root a/o usethe DEM). (HNI). emetic as bark inner used Fox Indians for mullein with coughs (HNI). mixed Indians Creek DEM). for dysentery, plant bark a/o usethe Choctaw (AUS; atonic as fever, and ophthalmia, HNI). (DEM; collyrium as decoction bark for chewed usingChoctaw the toothache, bark the VIRGIN’S WEED ( WEED VIRGIN’S C. auriculatum C. SOLANACEAE Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Cestrum hediondum Cestrum hediondum & C. parquiiC. overlap. Dun) + Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Common Names: Common Synonyms: Illustrations: Dosages: Indications: Activities: AHL); (Creole; Nommèe Mal VOD); Fr.; JFM; AHL; Haiti; Vraie Nommèe (Fr.; Mal JFM); (Gwalior; (Dor.; (Tamang; Malcasá NAD);NPM); dudhi (Dor.; AHL); Málcasada Makaman (Malaya; (Bol.; IHB); Magaarjun- Leche Lanchang (Hindi); DLZ); Leche (Ma.; JFM); Leitera (Sin.; KAB); (Mun.; KAB); Kodasing Kiritala KAP); Kukon Kukon (Java; IHB); Laldudhi K NPM); (Nepal; Kanguil NPM); (Nepal; KAB); Jhar (Réunion; TBC); Jotane Robert dePollo Jean Hierba (Pan.; JFM; rado (Bol.; DLZ); Hierba de la Golondrina (Peru; EGG; SOU); Hierba de Paloma (Fr.; Robert Jean Herbe (Chepang; (Ma.; (Ma.; KAB); JFM); aPilules Herbe NPM); Colo- Hierba JFM); KAB); KAB); (Fr. NAD); Hanuman Guiana; Nommèe (Mah.; Goverdhan Mal (India; Grande DAV; Peru; (Pan.; Gnenoba (Tamang; Golondrina NPM); SOU; JFM; EGG; TBC); Gordon Ocn.; Spurge AH2); (Eng.; Garden USN); G MPB);MPB); (Brazil; Luzia deSanta Euphorbia Erva (Eng.; CR2); Euphorbia (Eng.; Garden (Brazil; EGG); Andorinha (Peru; Erva Entrecasadas NAD); KAP); (Sanskrit; KAB; Dugadhika (Kon.; (Mar.; KAB); Dudurli Dudnali NPM); (Danuwar; Jhar Dudhiya NPM); Rai; (Mooshar; (Guj.; Dudhiya NPM); NAD;Dudhi TAN; Yunani; (Magar; KAP; WOI); Hindi; Jhar Dudhi NPM); (Nepal; Jhar NAD); WOI); (Mah.; Dudhe NPM); KAB; Rai; (Nepal; Dudhe Dudhali (Mar.; WOI); Dudali KAP); (Nepal; (Majhi; Dudajar NPM); (Guj.; Dudeli Aainar Didhe ADP; riya (Sin.; DaFei KAP); Yang DAA); Cao(Pin.; (Tamang; (Nepal); Didajar NPM); Dapranchhu (Eng.;(Gurung; Coliflorcito Nepal; NPM); Spurge Dadaki- JFM); (Sp.; Hairy Creeping JFM); (Tamang;(Eng.; Chickenweed NPM); Chhumen (Bel.; JFM); Eng.; Jhar BNA; Chimphar JFM); MPB);Cica (Brazil; Cat’s (Eng.; NAD); Hair Negra (Sp.; Piedra Chanca MD2); Checkweed (Vis.; (Ben.; MPB); KAB); KAB); Byauli (Brazil; Burakeru (Chepang; Cambuí Caá Caá NPM); WOI); Bolobotones KAB); (Pam.; (Ben.; Boro ADP); Keruie Botobotones (Pi.; KAB); Bovi (Ben.; WOI); Kheruie Baro Batobatones (Tag.; (Tel.; KAB); Bidari NAD); (Tel.; Bidarie ADP; JFM); Australian Herb (Eng.; Herb (Eng.; Asthma USN); (Eng.; Ocn.; Plant AH2); Australian JFM; Asthma Asthma Weed (Eng.; (Tam.; (Tam.; Patchaiaressi NAD);choharis Amum KAP); Tanah (Malaya; IHB); Ara Asthma ADP); Barakeru (Tam.; Pachcharisi NAD); Ammam KAP); Ammanpa- (Malaya;KAB; IHB; Jantan Ambin (Ben.; WOI); (Tam.; NAD); KAP; KAB); Amampatchaiarisi (Nzima; (Betsileo; KAB); Akubaa Aidinono Barasu (Mah.; (Awuna; Achchegida NPM); NAD); (Nepal; KAB; (Kan.; KAB); Jhar Ahinkodze Aankhle NAD); hirta Euphorbia pl 846A (KAB); pl 150B (DAG) baths for fever; the infusion for dandruff and dermatosis (SOU). dermatosis and forbaths fever; for dandruff infusion the FNFF = ? Sudorific decoction drunk for colds; taken in enemas for colic (SOU). Tea used in (f;Eruption SOU); Fever (f; SOU); (f; Gastrosis SOU); Measles (f; SOU); Wounds (f; SOU). (f;Alopecia SOU); Colds (f; SOU); (f; Colic (f; (f; SOU); SOU); Dermatosis Dandruff SOU); (f;Febrifuge SOU); Sudorific (f; SOU);RAR).(f; Vulnerary PILL-BEARING SPURGE ( SPURGE PILL-BEARING L.; E. pilulifera E. ě lusan (Malaya; IHB);lusan K L.;(USN). fide EUPHORBIACEAE Chamaesyce hirta ě lang Susu (Java; IHB); G IHB); (Java; Susu lang ě r ě mak Susu (Malaya; IHB); Kharen (Ben.; Susu IHB); (Malaya; mak Kharen (L.) Millsp.) + Millsp.) (L.) ě ndong Anak (Java; IHB); 197 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 198 Indications: Activities: (f; HDN); Asthma (f; ADP; DEP; DIA; KAB; KAP; NPM; VOD; X15722098); Bacteria (1; (1; (f;MPI); Cardiopathy NAD); Bacteria (f; EGG); Cataracts HDN;(f; Chafing NPM);(f;Childbirth X15722098); VOD; NPM; (f; (1; Burns NPM); Cancer HDN); Bronchosis KAP; (f; KAB; DIA; JLH; AHL; ADP; KAP; KAB; DIA; DEP; HDN; X10228613; ADP; X8847884; (f; X9395690); (f; Blennorrhagia HDN); Boils (f; SKJ); NPM; Asthma HDN); (f; (1; (f;Angina Anxiety UPW); (f; (f; HDN); Aphtha DAV; KAB); Arthrosis EGG); Asthenia (1;Amebiasis X10782488); HDN; KAP; (f; (f; Ancylostomiasis Anemia HDN); HDN); Acne (f; Adenopathy NPM); (f; (f; KAB); (f1; Alactea Allergies HDN); HDN; X16557622); X1973750);KAB; (f; (f; Stimulant Vulnerary UPW); MPB). tive (f; (1; Respirodepressant UPW); EGG; (1; KAB); Respirostimulant Sedative HDN); (f1; DEP; KAB); (f; Oxytocic HDN); Parasiticide (f; NAD); (1; Plasmodicide X15182900); Purga- HDN; IED); Molluscacide (1; X15722098); Myorelaxant (1; HDN; (f; Narcotic KAP); AHL; DEP;ADP; HDN; UPW; KAB; VOD); Laxative (f; Litholytic NPM); (f; Mastogenic (1; JFM); Immunosuppressive (1; X16557622); (1; Insecticide VOD); (1; (f1; Irritant Lactagogue HDN); MD2); Hydragogue (f; MPB); Hypoglycemic (1; HDN; DIA; Hypotensive KAP); (f; VOD); MPB; X1896520); Gram(+)-icide (1; HDN); Gram(–)-icide (1; (f; HDN); Hemostat KAB; VOD; X10350369; X8847884); (1; Emetic (f; KAB); (f1; Expectorant Febrifuge KAP); KAB; (f;Cicatrizant HDN; (f; MD2); (1; HDN); Cytotoxic Curare (f1; HDN); Diuretic HDN; EGG; chorelaxant (f1; (1; NAD; Carcinogenic UPW); (f1; HDN); Cardiodepressant NAD); KAB; (1;Bactericide HDN; X10228613; X16730921; X9395690); (f; Bronchodilator KAB); Bron- (1;Anxiolytic HDN; MPB; X1973750); (f; Aphrodisiac HDN; VOD); (f; Astringent KAB); UPW; X16730921); (1; Antispasmodic VOD; X10228613; X10782488); (1; Antiviral HDN); X15182900); Antiplatelet (1; (1; (1; Antiprostaglandin HDN); Antiseptic HDN); HDN; MD2; (1; (1;leukemic X15182900); HDN; Antimalarial KAP); (1; Antiplasmodial X10624878; (1;taminic X16557622); (f1;HDN; MPB; Antiinflammatory X16557622; X1896520);Anti- X16557622; X1896520); HDN; (f1; (f; Antiemetic (1; HDN; KAB); Antiedemic Antifertility X14610373); X8095537); X16257136; (1; X10782488; X10228613; Antihis- Antidiarrheal lergic (1; X16557622); (1; Anticancer (1; Anticonvulsant KAP); (1; Antidiabetic HDN); DIA); HDN; MPB; X1896520); (f1; (1; Anthelmintic NPM); Antiaggregant KAP; HDN); Antial- (1;Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor DIA); (1; Amebicide VOD; KAP; X10228613); Analgesic (1; Yu Tchou Ts’ao KAB). (China; SOU); Yerba deSapo (Sp.; Yerba JFM); (Sp.; Golondrina Yerba JFM); (Dor.; Lechera AHL); Yawan(Ma.; JFM); Bero Keshpin (Shipibo/Conibo; MD2); Yerba DAV; Colorado (Peru; EGG; Xanabmucuy (Ma.; JFM); Wartweed Mucuna SOU); (Ma.; JFM); Urpai RAR; EGG; (Peru; (Creole; Fr.; VOD); Tripa dePollo (Sp.; Micuna (Tamang; Urpai NPM); Trishubba Mran JFM); (Chepang; (Fr.; Ti NPM); Lait Ti Tikapara Lèt Tea JFM); (Ma.; JFM); Tianguis (Ma.; JFM); NPM); Sosó Shikuiji (Ese Sô (Japan; TAN); Nishiki Snakeweed (Eng.;(Pan.; Shima TBC); KAP); Sheer-i-Geyah (Iran; (Tel.;Reddinanabrolu delaVirgen WOI); (Sp.; Sabana NPM); (Nepal; Rhatulo Saca Teta JFM); VOD); Herb (Eng.; NAD); JFM; (Sanskrit; Asthma NPM); (Nepal; Ratango Raktavinduchada itoa KAB); (Sanskrit; (Aym.; Lichi Lichi Qora Queensland (Ma.; JFM); DLZ); Pedra Quebra Spurge (Eng.; Scn.; USN); AH2; Pillenwolfsmilch (Ger.; Pus- (Ma.; JFM); Pimpinela KAP); KAB); (Tam.; Patchaiyarissi (Java; KAB); Patikan IHB); Pill-Bearing Pempe (Jam.; JLH); JFM; KAB); (Hausa; Notsigbee Nononkurchiya (Ewe; JLH); KAB); (Ubangi; Palavi (Sri.; Nayeti (Bom.; Mah.; NAD; WOI); Tel.; (Mal.; Nelapalai NAD; WOI); KAB; ADP; Ngondera- (Tel.;balu (Sunda; NAD); (Sunda; IHB); IHB); Nangkaän Nanangkaän (Sanskrit); Nargajuni (Mar.; WOI); ADP; NomMothidudhi Nam R (Dor.; Marcasá (Bar.; Tea AHL);JLH); JLH); Jam.; Milk Milkweed (Jam.; JFM; JLH); JFM; AHL); (Creole; (Haiti; Malonmen Malomin Malome (Ma.; Fr.; JFM); VOD); (Jam.; Mapempe ’ eja.; MD2); (Japan; Taleno KAP); Taiwannishikiso (Gurung; NPM); Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook ā cha S cha ī (Thai; IHB); (Tel.; Nanabala (Thai; KAB); Nana- Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Dosages: UPW); ADP); Respirosis (f; VOD); KAB; (f; Rheumatism DAV; (f; EGG); Ringworm NAD; SKJ; (f; HDN; NAD); (1; Proteus X16730921); X1896520); NPM; (f1; MPB; HDN; ADP; Parasites Pain (f; MPB); NPM); Otosis KAB; Mucososis (f; KAB); Mycosis (f; (f; JLH; (f; Nephrosis UPW); SKJ); Ophthalmia JFM; X15182900); (f; Mastalgia ADP); Measles (f; (f; Metrorrhagia HDN; HDN; MD2); JFM); (f; (1;dice Leukemia HDN); (f; HDN; (1; Leukorrhea KAP); ADP); Malaria X10624878; X17362507); (f1;KAB; Inflammation X1896520); Insomnia (1; HDN; X1973750); Jaun- HDN; VOD); (f1; Infection HDN; X15182900; MD2; NPM; X16730921); (f; Infertility X10350369); Cholesterol High (f1; X17040567); (f; Hookworm (f; HDN); Impotence (f;Hematachezia MD2); Hepatosis (f; (f1; Blood HDN); High Pressure VOD; HDN; JFM; Fever (f; (f; (f; HDN); Headache HDN); HDN); Heartburn (f; (f; HDN); Gonorrhea Gravel DEP; JFM); IHB; (f; Worm Guinea (f; JFM); HDN); Hay (f; (f; (f; Flu HDN; Fracture MD2); JFM); JFM); (f; Fungus NAD; SKJ; Gastrosis UPW); MD2; (f; Enterosis Dislocation (f1; KAB; KAP; MD2; X16730921); X8095537); (f1; (f; HDN;ADP; Edema Dysuria UPW); JFM); HDN; X10350369; KAB; X1896520); X16257136; X10782488; (f1; Dysentery NPM); VOD; HDN; ADP; KAP; KAB; WOD; X15722098); X10228613; Dyslactea (f1; VOD; MD2; KAB; (1; (f; SKJ); NPM; Diabetes (f1;Dermatosis JFM; ADP; DIA;HDN); Diarrhea HDN; MPB); (f; Coryza NAD); Coughs (f; X15722098); KAP; DEP; KAB; Cystosis (f; JFM); Conjunctivosis (f; Convulsions HDN); (1; (f; (f; Corns HDN); Corneosis JLH); HDN; IHB; X17362507); Colds (f; Colic KAP); (f; MD2; NAD; MPI; WOI; KAB; ADP; X15722098); r r r r r r r r r r r r r 14–28 (KAP). plant (KAP); tea decoction ml (CAN); plant (CAN); 28–56 ml (CAN); mgherb, herbtincture tea as 120–300 ml 0.6–2 (TAN). ofLeaves avegetable scarcity as eaten times in (WOI). extract 0.12–0.3 liquid ml FNFF = ! Greens eaten in parts of Africa and Asia (NPM; UPW). Young leafy buds eaten MD2; NPM). SOU); MPI; KAB; (f; Whitlow Worms UPW); Wounds (f; KAP); KAB; (f; JFM; JLH; WOI); (f; VD (1; DEP; Viruses UPW); HDN; Vomiting KAP); (f; DEP; KAB); (f; Warts (f;nas VOD); (1; Ulcers X15681161); (f; Urethrosis Urogenitosis HDN); (f; KAB; ADP; HDN; X1896520); (f; (f; (f; HDN); Tinea Threadworm Thrush UPW); HDN); Trichomo- (f; HDN); Stomatosis (f; SKJ); (1; Stress HDN; X1973750); Sties (f; Swelling UPW); (f1; BiteSnake (f; HDN; MPB); Sores (f; KAB); Indonesians apply crushed plant to tumors and wounds (JLH). and plant totumors applyIndonesians crushed (VOD). trichomonicide and lactagogue, diuretic, as decoction leaf usethe Haitians (VOD). dysentery and for shoot tea the diarrhea take Haitians (VOD). problems respiratory other and for juice ordecoction asthma leaf the take Haitians for decoction (JFM). bronchosis gonorrhea and take Guatemalans (JFM). afflictions eyelids skin and apply saptogranulated the Guatemalans (JFM). febrifuge and diuretic, antiasthmatic, as plant take Martiniquans and Guadelupans for plant decoction the constipation (VOD). take Caribs Dominican (X17362507). infertility and usefor childbirth Caribs (VOD). antispasmodic and antiasthmatic, plant isantiamebic, the scientists report Caribbean (IHB). gonorrhea and for decoction asthma usethe Brazilians (X10350369). edema blood and high pressure usetotreat Australians (1.5 remedy asthma as water) 1tsp liter gplant/0.5 take (JFM). Australians Salmonella (1; HDN); Scabies (f; HDN); Pseudomonas Staphylococcus Escherichia Shigella (1; HDN; X8847884; X9395690); (1; X16730921); (f; Puerperium (1; HDN; X16730921); Fever (1; HDN; X16730921); Stings Helicobacter (1; X15681161); X15681161); (1; 199 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 200 Extracts: Downsides: Synonyms: Illustrations: (X1896520). mg/kg) antipyretic and (100(100–400 mg/kg), antiinflammatory mg/kg), analgesic (20–25 in mice infected with of (X15182900). growth antiplasmodial parasite ml) 60% than greater inhibited extract Plant strongly (X15722098). extract molluscacidal leaf and plant(IC50 <3μg/ extract Methanolic andimmuno-suppressive antiinflammatory, minic, activity(X16557622). Aqueous stem bark <100 (X9395690). μg/ml) (MBC antihista- exhibited with parts 95% of extract aerial ethanol (X10228613). for especially bactericidal, extract Plant (17.39%) proved antidiarrheal by both antibacterial, antiamebic, (UPW).produce Of 38 hr 24 in agents, more used as milk antidiarrheal only and 8 plant antispasmodic extracts action kernels, the with plant oilpalm flow taking 15%women,milk increased (HDN). Ghanian of and pigs enlargement breast doses(50 caused female guinea in Oral mgpowdered leaf) totoxicity species. ofalluding this exercised (X14610373). of As July 2007, 19 FDA listed the titles Poisonous Database Plant gesting deleterious effects on testes accessory and organs of rats; caution should therefore be sug- rats, in diameter tubular seminiferous mean degeneration reduced and testicular varying ity, (1996) Phillipson and Newall, of caution Anderson, its muscle effect because onsmooth activ- r r r r r r r r r r r r rocarpa Achyranthes altissima fig 108-c burning (JFM). burning for decoction fever, take Trinidadans highurinary flu,and measles,blood pressure, (X10350369). edema and blood pressure including high adiuretic, useas Swahilis and Sukumas suggest (EGG). latex for the Peruvians removing cataracts Nepalese suggest plant (NPM). 4tsp juice 2×/day febrifuge analgesic and as (NPM). plant for asthma Nepalese smoke dry the (NPM). wounds cuts, pimples, infections; for boils, and applying toabscesses, ear also ear the eyes latex conjunctivosis, opacities, in into the drop Nepalese for corneal cataracts, and Nepalese chew flower the (NPM). heads for headache (JFM). for decoction cystosis, leaf Mayans dysentery, take gravel, nephrosis stones, and kidney eyes latex (IHB). in the cornea for drop Malayans conjunctivitis ulcerated and enterosis (MD2). and for plant decoction colic, take diarrhea, deDios Peruvians Madre plaster leaves (MD2). deDios Peruvians ontoMadre dislocations orfractures (X15722098). diseases colic, cough, dysentery, for used asthma, India genito-urinary In and P. falciparum in vitro in vitro HBK.;(BNA; fide USN). COOPER’S HOOP( ; its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided. istobe lactation and caused pregnancy Aqueous; its extracts usein Jacq.; Jacq.; P. berghei berghei (6 μg/ml), showing chemosuppression significant parasitemia of Celosia tomentosa tomentosa Celosia AMARANTHACEAE Chamissoa altissima Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook (100–400 mg/kg/day) (X10624878). Plant extract Humb. &Bonpl. ex Schult.; Shigella flexneri (Jacq.) Kunth) ++ Kunth) (Jacq.) and Chamissoa mac- Chamissoa Vibrio cholerae Vibrio , Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Dosages: Indications: Activities: Names: Common Notes: Synonyms: Illustrations: Common Names: Common r r JFM). FNFF = ! Leaves reportedly edible; young shoots eaten as potherb in Jamaica (AHL; BNA; IED; JFM; MPG). sia (f; DAW); Enterosis (f; (f; (f; VD AHL); (f; JFM); Insomnia DAW; Gonorrhea JFM); IED; (f;Asthenia MPG); (f; Blennorrhagia JTR); (f; Debility (f; MPG); Dysentery DAW); Dyspep- Sedative (f;JFM); JFM). (f;Antiblennorrhagic JTR); Antivenereal (f; IED); (f; Depurative JTR); (f; Diuretic JFM; (Ma.; JFM). AHL); Pabellón del Rey (Ma.; JFM); Niguita (Dor.; Quiebra AHL); Quiebra (Ma.; Pate JFM); AVP); AHL; (Haiti; Panier Liane Tendresse (Ma.; JFM); JTR); Liane Guaniquique (Haiti; (Cuba; AVP; deViejo Guaniquí Barba (Ma.; JFM); Hoop Cuaumecate (Eng.; JFM); JFM; Bejuco (Pan.; Bejuco IED); deSajan AHL); Pedorro (Ma.; JFM); (Haiti; Bois Cooper’s Panier Basket Withe (Jam.; AVP; Basket Wys (Ven.; JFM); Bejuco (Ma.; deGuacharaca JFM); JTR); Austin (2004) lists “sunbonnets” for “sunbonnets” (2004) Austin lists Tussilago nutans fig(MPG) 27 (Cuba; Wi.; JFM; JTR); Rabasse (Ma.; JFM); Salvia delaPlaya(Cuba; JTR); (Ma.; (Cuba); JFM); Wi.; Rabasse JFM; (Ma.; Sanguinera d’Âne AHL); (His.; Nèg (Creole; Pinga VOD); Haiti; AHL); (Haiti; Nègre Plumerito Pinga Por.; Por.; (Brazil; (Brazil; USN); USN); Pas Paraqueda Tail Paraquedinha (Ma.; JFM); deVaca MPB);gua Ma.; JFM; deVaca (Brazil; Por.; Lingua (Brazil; Miúda USN); Lion’s (Sp.; Kema Weed Lechugilla (Ma.; JFM); (Ma.; JFM); USN); (Col.; Lechugillo IED); Lin- Fwa PaJFM); Kont Nan (Creole; Haiti; VOD); Draw Iand Heal Draw (Ma.; JFM); and Heal doMato(Ma.; Fois Fumo Non Ma.; Pas (Ma.; JFM); Comtes (Haiti; JFM); deSangue Erva MPB); DosBlanc (Fr.; (Ma.; Dandelion JFM); Coygaraca (Ma.; Fwi.; USN); JFM); JFM; (Cr.; (Dor.;Árnica Chicorèe AHL); MPG); (Brazil; (Ma.; Bretonica JFM); Branca Costa (AUS).siac” cleansing blood digestive the “to and aphrodi- of alluding an names system part as three = “liver man’s isnot struggling,” Nèg Pinga =“the substance,” bull,” torotig =“tiger all for Creole names us: Haitian Fwa the Pa Kont Nan (2004) Austin translates (Ma.; JFM). Whiteback Silver-Leafed and Tail Valeriana (Ma.; JFM), (Ma.; JFM), (Ma.; JFM), Plant Kema Lion’s Weed Draw (Ma.; (Ma.; JFM), JFM), and Heal came: (Ma.; Dandelion JFM), whence they usfrom afew sunbonnets.” lists withoutding telling Morton names English Dominicans use leaf tea for intestinal disorders (AHL). disorders for tea useleaf intestinal Dominicans (MPG). debility and Bateyes soup for leaf asthenia usesalted Dominican .(basionym);(USN). fide L. HT BACK ( WHITE Chaptalia nutans nutans Chaptalia ASTERACEAE Chaptalia tomentosa Chaptalia (L.) Pol.) + . Maybe I should call it. Maybe “nod- Ishould call 201 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 202 Extracts: Dosages: Indications: Activities: compound 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-nutanocoumarin, from the rootextract, inhib- the from compound 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-nutanocoumarin, but p.o.) not did show (500 itmethacin, orally mg/kg when used (X11021310). The activityExtracts showed (500 ipr) mg/kg antiinflammatory comparable with indo- r r r r r r r r r r r r r FNFF = X. EB30:141; MPG). (f;ing EB31:352; (f; (f; VD Worms (f; Syphilis JFM); JFM); JFM); MPG); Wounds (f; EB30:141; VOD); (f;dice (f; MPB); (f; JTR); Pulmonosis Ophthalmia JTR); (f; Sores Scrofula (f; JFM); (1;Infection VOD; X12764448; X14698521); (f1; VOD; Inflammation X11021310); Jaun- ache (f; MPB); Hepatosis (f; MPB); (f; Blood High Pressure VOD); (f; Impotence AUS); Enterosis (f; MPG); (f; Gas (f; Gastrosis JFM); MPB; VOD); (f; Head- Gonorrhea JFM); (f; (f; Dermatosis MPB); JFM); (f; Dandruff Diabetes JFM); VOD); Dyspepsia (f; VOD); (f; Colds (f; JFM); Colic (f; ConvulsionsChildbirth JFM); (f; JFM); Coughs (f; JFM); (1;Bacteria VOD; X12764448; X14698521); (f; Bronchosis JTR); (f; Catarrh JFM); (f;Amenorrhea EB30:141; (f; JFM); Asthma AHL; JFM); MPG). VOD); (f; Stimulant MPB); Tonic (f; MPB); Vermifuge (f; (f; MPG); Vulnerary EB30:141; (1;netic MPG); (f; Depurative VOD); (f; Emmenagogue EB30:141; Hypotensive JFM); (f; (f;disiac AUS); (1; Bactericide VOD; X12764448; X14698521); (f; Bechic AHL); Cyanoge- (f1; VOD;Antiinflammatory X11021310); Antiseptic (1; X12764448; X14698521); Aphro- DowóoWuara (Cr.; MPG). VOD); Tussilage (Dor.; Back AHL); (Ma.; Vi.; USN); White Valeriana (Ma.; JFM; JFM); USN); Taureau Terciopelo JFM); (His.; Ma.; AHL; (His.; AHL); Toro Tig (Creole; Haiti; Silver-Leafed Silver (Eng.;JFM); (Ma.; JFM); Tex.; Plant Puff USN); Tapira Por.; (Brazil; (JFM). wounds and sores,syphilis, catarrh, pulmonary bronchosis, cough, gonorrhea, asthma, West for plant and a/o use bitter root decoction amenorrhea, Indians South Americans (JFM). decoction the sorefeet in soak Jamaicans colic, convulsions, (JFM). gas and colds, for emmenagogue, childbirth, and diuretic, as decoction used once Jamaicans (JFM). tea floral (10scrofulous and dry g swellings flower/kg take water) Haitians dandruff for (MPG). worms slender for usethe roots of Rica intestinal Costa Guaymi (VOD). inflammation and sure, for dyspepsia, ortea blood decoction high cough, diabetes, pres- leaf take Dominicans (VOD). dill distress for stomachwith tea floral take Dominicans suggest leaves the smoking (AHL).Dominicans for asthma (JTR). pulmonosis and ophthalmia, suggest plant forCubans the catarrh, (MPG). sprains and pain, muscular towash usecooled decoction bruises, Ricans Costa (MPB). for sores also for gastrosis, washing root and and jaundice useleaf Brazilians (MPB). syphilis problems, and gonorrhea skin and for suggest tea root pulmonary the Brazilian apply leaves heated foreheadBrazilians tothe for (MPB). headache Staphylococcus (1; VOD; X12764448); Stomachache (f; VOD); Swell- Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Bacillus (1; VOD; X12764448); (1; X12764448); VOD; Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Common Names: Common Synonyms: Illustrations: Perilla (Mex.;Perilla Nic.; AUS; Peru; AVP); (Nic.; Perlilla Sp.; USN); (Guad.; JTR; Petit Branda (Bel.; Maya; AUS; BNA); Pay-Che (Bel.; Maya; AUS; AAB; BNA); Pegajoso (Mex.; AUS); DLZ);DLZ); (Mex.; (Bol.; Oreja deRatón Ñianca Chiriguano; Sp.; AUS; AVP); Pax-Che (Eng.; Root Rat AUS; (Bah.; AUS;Man Milkberry USN); JFM); (Bol.; Nianca Chiriguano; Sorciers (Fr.; USN); Madreselva (Nic.; AUS; (Wi.; JTR); AUS); Madreselva Antillas delas (Sal.; Pedro de San AUS); deSorciers RAR); (Fwi.; Liane (Peru; AUS); Cruz Liana des Liane (Pan.; AUS; deMaría TBC), IED; Lágrimas Lágrimas (Ma.; JFM); deGuadelipe Lágrimas (Maya; RAR); Mex.; Kanchak-Che (Brazil; AUS); (Creole; Kok Souri VOD); MPG; Haiti; (Guad.; AUS;Bâtard Mart.; Bois Jasmin (Fr.; JLH); AUS; Guad.; Mart.; USN); Kaa’Chsa David’s Root (Eng.; AUS; USN); Davis Root (Eng.; Jasmin USN); (Ma.; JFM); Falsa Cainca BNA); MPB); AUS); (Brazil; (Brazil; Dambrê Dambê David’s (Tex.; AUS; Milkberry USN); AUS;zil; (Mex.; MPB); AUS); Cuanecatashich (Bel.; Ridge delaNoche AUS; dePine Dama AUS; (Haiti; RAR); Souris Croc AVP); (Creole; Crok Souri VOD); Haiti; (Bra- Cruzeirinha AUS); (Brazil; Casinga Cheirosa (Fr.; AUS; Chiocoque EFS); (Brazil; Cipó MPB; Cruz JFM; AVP); Mex.; (Brazil; AUS); Caninana AUS); (Brazil; Caringa AUS; Casinga (Brazil; MPB); (Col.; Sp.; AUS; AVP; USN); (Maya; Canchacche Mex.; AUS); (Cuba; Canica Mex.; AUS; AUS; (Brazil; Cainana MPB); Eng.; Cuba; (Brazil; Caínca AUS; EFS; JTR); JLH; Cainica AVP); AUS; (Dor.; Buenda (Sp.;(Ma.; JFM); Timacle USN); Bwa (Creole; Branda Haiti;VOD); Bejuco (Col.; Caimica AUS); AUS); Pr.; (Cuba; Bejuco Timaque (His.; Verraco AUS); de Bois Branda (Guad.; Mart.; St. Bart.; AUS; Bejuco AVP); JTR); Briny Roots AVP; AUS; Pr.; Acetillo (Sal.; AUS); Bejuco deBerac (Pr.; Sp.; AUS; AVP; USN); Bejuco (Cuba; deBerraco (USN). Chiococca anguifuga fig 133(MPG) ited (X12764448). Bacillus subtilis ETIDA SNOWBERRY( INDIAN WEST ; and C. brachiataC. Staphylococcus aureus ; RUBIACEAE C. parviflora Chiococca alba ; (62.5 respectively) 125 and g/ml, g/ml C. racemosa racemosa C. (L.) Hitchc.) ++ Hitchc.) (L.) L.; Lonicera alba alba Lonicera L.; fide 203 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 204 Indications: Activities: Dosages: Neurosis (f; AUS); (f; Pain AUS; AAB; JFM); (1;Malaria MPG); Mycosis (1; X10389274); (f; Nephrosis Nervousness (f; JFM); AAB); tion (1; (f1; MPG);MPB; Inflammation VOD); Insomnia (1; MPG); Laryngosis JFM); (f; (f;Headache JTR); (f; Hepatosis (f; (f; Infec- Induration JLH); Impotence JFM); JLH); (1; X10389274); (f; Ganglia VOD); MPG; (f; Gastrosis AUS); (f; JTR); Gonorrhea JFM; sis (f; AUS); AAB; Enterosis (f; AUS); AAB; Enuresis (f; AUS); Fever (f; AUS); Fungus (f; AUS; DLZ); (f; Dysmenorrhea AUS); (f; Edema AUS; RAR); Endometrio- JFM; EGG; (f;Dementia AUS); AAB; Depression (f; AUS); AAB; (f; Dermatosis AUS; Dropsy JFM); Constipation (f; AUS); Convulsions (1; MPG); (f; Coughs (f; Cramps AUS; JFM); JFM); (f1; AUS; AAB; (1; Cardiopathy JLH); MPB); Colitis (f; AUS); AAB; Congestion (f; JTR); (1;ache (f; Bacteria JFM); (f; MPG); Blennorrhagia DAW); Bronchosis (f; Cancer JFM); AUS);AAB; (f; VOD); JTR; Arthrosis (f; AUS); Asthma JFM; Acne (f; JTR); Adenopathy (f; AUS; MPG); (f; Alcoholism AUS); AAB; (f; Amenorrhea Uterorelaxant (1; MPG). AUS; VOD); Purgative (f; AUS; VOD); RAR; EGG; Sedative (1; MPG); Tonic (f; AUS; RAR); (f;rant EFS); (f; Febrifuge AUS); Herbicide (f; RAR); EGG; Hydragogue (f; AUS); (f; Pectoral VOD);EGG; Emmenogogue (f; AUS; RAR); Emollient MPG; (f; EGG; AUS; JTR); Expecto- (f1; AUS); AAB; (f; Depurative JTR); (f; Diuretic AUS; VOD); RAR; EGG; (f; Emetic AUS; MPB); (f; AUS); Carminative (1; CNS-Depressant MPG); (1; Convulsant MPG); Cytotoxic VOD); (f; Astringent DAW); Bactericide (1; MPG); (f; Bechic DAW; (1; JTR); Cardiotonic (1; (f; MPG); Antispasmodic AUS); (f1; Antitumor AUS; AAB; (f; Aphrodisiac AUS; JLH); (f; AUS;(f1;MPB; RAR); Antiinflammatory EGG; (1;VOD);MPG); Antiseptic Antimalarial (f;Abortifacient VOD); MPG; (f; AUS); Antiasthmatic (1; Anticonvulsant MPG); Antiedemic (Bel.;DLZ); AUS; AAB; Zorillo BNA). (Nscn). (Maya; Mex.;Chak AVP); X-Kanchak-Che (Maya; Mex.; AUS); (Bol.; Yianoa Chiriguano; Bush (Bar.; AUS); Tori Naca (Mex.; AUS); West (Eng.; Snowberry AUS; Indian USN); X-Can- AUS; AVP); (Guad.; Ti Branda Sp.; AUS; USN); (Dor.; Timaque His.; AUS; MPG); Tim-Tom (Eng.; Snowberry AVP; (Ma.; JFM); Snakeroot USN; VOD); Suelda conSuelda (Cuba; Mex.; (Ger.; Root Schneebeere Rat (Bah.; JFM); EFS); Root (Bel.; Skunk Eng.; AUS; AAB; BNA); AUS);AUS; (Brazil; Preta RAR); Raiz Bush Rat (Peru; Negra JTR); (Bah.; AUS; Raiz JFM); AUS; (Brazil; (Sp.;Quina MPB); deSerpentária AUS; Raiz MPB); deVerraco (Cuba; Raiz AUS; (Brazil; deFrade Raiz MPB);JFM); deMurciélago (Col.; Raíz AUS; AVP); de Raiz AUS; (His.; AUS); (Brazil; Quimaque Preta deRaiz MPB); Quina Noire (Fwi.; Racine AUS; AUS); (Bah.; AUS); Pissabed AUS; Poaia(Brazil; AUS; MPB); (Brazil; Preta MPB); Purga r r r FNFF = ? AUS); Yeast (1; X10389274). (f;Ulcers AUS); AAB; (f; Urethrosis VOD); (f; VD AUS; (f; MPG); Witchcraft JFM; SOU);IED; Sores (f; AUS); AAB; Tuberculosis (f; AUS); Tumors (f1; AUS; AAB; JLH); (f; VOD);Rheumatism alcoholism (AAB). at once, all isgone,for it orfinish mixture until 1shot daily take and 5 days, strain for sun in soaking orgin, vodka, 1qt rum, in root chopped place 1handful Belizeans purgative and (JFM). abortifacient as tea root take Barbadans (JLH). leaves tumors the poultice onto scirrhous Antilleans Saccharomyces Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook (1; X10389274); Bite Snake (f; DAW; DLZ; EGG; Plasmodium (1; MPG); (f; Rashes AAB); Bacillus (1; MPG); Back- Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Synonyms: Illustrations: Activities: Names: Common Notes: Extracts: Downsides: Chondrodendron hypoleucum hypoleucum Chondrodendron fig(DAV) 69 Diuretic (f;Diuretic DAV; (f; Emmenagogue PH2; EGG; RAI); DAV; Feb- PH2; HHB; EGG; RAI); (f;RAR); Antiseptic (f; Aperient EFS; RAI); EFS); Bitter (1; PH2); (1; Curare DAV; EGG); Analgesic (1; (1; Anesthetic RAI); PH2); (1; (f; Anticonvulsant Antiedemic EGG; FNF); RAR); RAR). Worali EGG; (Peru; Velvet RAI); (Brazil; Vigne (Eng.; Sauvage RAI); Leaf (Fr.; Woowari EGG; RAI); (Peru; Uva doMato RAI); Brava RAR); (Brazil; Uva Serra (Brazil; RAR); da Parrera RAI; (Brazil; DLZ); (Siona; Nasacata (Eng.; Brava EGG); USN); Pareira (Peru; CR2; SAR); Parreira Ourari (Ger.; RAR); EGG; Grieswurzel Ice(Peru; (Eng.; Vine Isiporé (Bol.; RAI); RAI); Chiriguano; Sp.; (Peru; MDD); LOR; EGG; RAR); Curare Curari deVenados RAI; EGG; Comida (Peru; DLZ); (Bol.; Hediondo Bejuquito RAR); RAI; EGG; (Peru; Atinupa RAI); EGG; (Peru; Sp.; SAR); (Peru; RAI; Blanca LOR; MDD); (Peru; Antinoopa Ampihuasca Amphihuasca more appropriately to by Taylor listed names English common The probably (2005), belong referenced RAI, as cerevisiae charomyces showedAlboside IV activity toward DNA moderate the repair-deficient RS321 mutant of species. of July 2007, five totoxicity FDAalluding this listed titles the Poisonous of Database Plant onolder (AAB; patients weaker and AUS). internally used not remedy A strong tobe As r r r r r r r r r r Mexicans use the root as abortifacient and emmenagogue (MPG). emmenagogue and abortifacient as root Mexicans usethe (AAB). witchcraft todispel noses and diag- difficult in shaman tothe important intellect, the Mayans believe to sharpen this (VOD). for purgative emetic, decoction and rheumatism root diuretic, the take Haitians ( leaves poultice of sourgrass those Haitians with leaves mix with Haitians (MPG). inflammations for infusion root gangliar the take Dominicans (VOD). tea an abortifacient flowersas those mix with of Petraeakohautiana Caribs Dominican brava.caña depurative for as apply roots VD, with often Cubans (JFM), leaves eruptions toskin (JFM). bronchosis, laryngitis and cough, for decoction useroot asthma, Brazilians (AAB). pain and constipation, depression, dementia, enterosis, dysmenorrhea, nervousness, gastrosis, 3cups water in 10 roots chopped min) for colitis, (handful tea strained take Belizeans PAREIRA ( Cissampelos pareira Cissampelos Chondrodendron tomentosum Chondrodendron (X10389274). Justicia pectoralis Standl. MENISPERMACEAE , in a different genus but in the same family. genus same adifferent the but, in in (4 gwater) g/500 for cough (JFM). Trichacne Ruiz &Pav.) + on sores(JFM). ) Sac- 205 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 206 Extracts: Downsides: Dosages: Indications: Synonyms: Illustrations: (BBE), LD50 =0.53 and scumus (BBE). LD50 =33 rats, orl orl mus, inm LD50 =0.2LD50 LD50 ivn of = 0.3 rbt, 28mg/kg scurat cat) hypotensive, (BBE), myorelaxant histaminic, (10–30 (M29), mg/ivn/man) vagolytic; and (0.1 cardiovascular ivn cat) (BBE), antitetanic, mg/kg strychnine, CNS-active (0.05 ivn mg/kg to anaphylactic (antidote antidotal =neostigmine), isreportedly anticonvulsant, Tubocurarine 14 species. listed totoxicity ofDatabase titles alluding this (HAD). of As July antidote methylsulfate 2007, issuggested an as FDA the Poisonous Plant intravenously of injection neostigmine rabbits. An 0.2 in intravenously mg/kg and mice, in 0.18 0.5mice, ipr 0.56 in mice, scuin 1mg/kg, less than hypotension.sis are and LD50s paraly- causerespiratory alkaloids) can (and curare other Overdoses of tubocurarine (RAI). hypotensive if (JAD). caution, orlactation; not pregnancy recommended in Contraindicated dosages” (PH2). of therapeutic designated But designate they no dosage administration proper Not covered conjunction in known orside the with (AHP). effects are hazards “No health r r r r r FNFF = X. One cup root decoction 2×/day (RAI). Tetanus (1; Tonic FNF); (f; HAD); (f; Urethrosis (f; HHB); (f; VD UTIs PH2; HAD). RAI); (f; HAD); Bite Snake (f; Stones (f; PH2; RAI); RAR); HHB; Swelling EGG; (f; RAI); CTD; (f; Orchosis (f; RAI); DAV; (1; Pain (f; Rheumatism RAI); Prostatitis EGG; RAI); PH2; RAI); (f; Leukorrhea HAD); (f; Madness RAI); HHB; DAV; (f; Nephrosis RAI); DAV; EGG); Oliguria (f;(f; Infection PH2); Inflammation EFS; RAI); Jaundice HAD);(f;Kidney Stones (f; DAV; RAR); Fever (f; DAV; (f; Gonorrhea HAD); RAI); HHB; (1; Blood EGG; High Pressure FNF); Cystosis (f; HHB);FNF); (f; Dropsy DAV; (f; (f; HAD); Edema Earache DAV; RAI); RAI; EGG; DAV; (f; Cardiopathy EGG); RAI); Constipation (f; Convulsions (1; RAI); (1; Cramps FNF); (f; BitesAmenorrhea (f; RAI); PH2); Bladder Stones (f; HHB); BPH (f; PH2); (f; Bruises EFS; EGG). RAR);HHB; (1; Myoparalytic PH2); Myorelaxant (f1; Tonic PH2; RAI); (f; Toxic RAI); (1; (f;rifuge DAV; Hypotensive RAI); HHB; EGG; (1; Laxative (f; Litholytic FNF); (f; RAI); Eupatorium brachiatum p 149 (TRA) .(basionym); L. JACK IN THE BUSH ( BUSH THE JACK IN Venezuelans poisons (RAI). arrow plant in usethe bite (DAV; snake and oliguria, madness, RAI). fever, edema, poison, earache, arrow stones, kidney usefor amenorrhea, Peruvians bite (RAI). snake and oliguria, derangements, stones, mental fever, edema, earache, poison, bruise, kidney arrow usefor amenorrhea, Brazilians poisons (DLZ). arrow plant in Bolivians usethe laxative (RAI). and febrifuge, diuretic, curare, antiseptic, useas Amazonians Osmia odorata Chromolaena odorata Witc.; (L.) C. Schultz; USN). fide (JTR; E. conyzoides conyzoides E. ASTERACEAE Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Vahl; Vahl; (L.) R. M. King &H. Rob.) King M. + (L.) R. E. klattiiE. Milsp.; E. odoratum Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Activities: Names: Common Notes: protective (1; MPG); Herbicide (1; X12924132); (1; Insecticide X11124374); Mercury- VOD); Fungicide (1; X12924132; X15202555; X16567942); (f; Hemostat WO2); Hepato- Digestive (f; VOD); (1; Edemic X16280100); (f; Emetic WO3); (f; Emmenagogue JFM; (f;TRA); WO3); Cathartic (1; Cytotoxic X15202555); MPG; (f; Decongestant AHL); WOI; X9395667); (1; Antispasmodic MPG); Antitussive (f; VOD); (1; Bactericide AUS; X16280100); (1; Antioxidant X11767105); (1; (f1; MPG); Antiradicular Antiseptic TRA; (1;demic X16280100); (f; WO2);(f1; Antifertility VOD; Antiinflammatory X11348739; Analgesic (f; (1; AAB); Antiallergic TRA); lung Anticancer, (1; X15202555); Antie- (Bel.;hatz AUS; BNA); (Cuba; AUS); deGrullo Zanga (Dor.; Zaragüey AHL). (Nscn). AVP); Vanilla (Jam.; AUS); Varejón (Col.; deCaballo AUS); (Mex.; Xtokabal AVP); Yax- (Eng.; AUS; USN); Tsitsaque-Teutzzushu (Mex.; Totonac; AUS); Turpentine Weed (Eng.; Tokaban Tonkabean (Jam.; (Ma.; JFM); AUS); Trebol deOlor (Cuba; AVP); Triffid Weed Tocabal NPM); Tocaban(Nepal; Tokabal (Ma.; JFM); (Ma.; JFM); (Maya; Mex.; AUS); mony (Jam.; AVP); (Eng.; Thoroughwort AVP); TiteHawi (Majhi; NPM); Banmara Thulo AUS; AVP); (Chepang; Suplicio NPM); Sing Jhar (Sp.; AUS); Sweet Hemp Agri- Scented (Pr.; AUS; María Santa AVP); Siam Weed (Eng.; AUS; USN); NPM; Sich (Maya; Mex.; Dor.; AVP); AHL; (Chepang; Salvia Salah (Col.; NPM); (Garo; WO2); IED); Samsimari (Ven.; AVP); WO2); (Tripura; Pichas Rey del Todo (Sp.; AUS); (Cuba; Rompe Zaragüey (Eng.; USN); Weed Paraffin (Afrikaans; (Eng.; AVP; USN); Parafinbush AVP); Pesebrito (Dor.; Taino; AUS; AVP); (Pan.; AUS; Paleca IED); (Ven.; Palotal AVP); Paraffienbos (Dor.; Finca Mata AHL); (Sp.; Mejorana AUS; Niquibei (Dom.; AVP); JFM); Niquibey AVP); (Haiti; Chatte Langui (Tamang; Lohasiya Madhuban NPM); NPM); (Danuwar; Shat (Creole; VOD); (Guad.; àChatte AVP); Haiti; Langue AVP); (Haiti; Langue-Chatte AVP);AHL; (Creole; Chat Lang VOD); Haiti; TRA; (Creole; Chat Langi VOD); Lang AUS); (Creole; Kluset Trin.; AUS); Tok’te Krus Mex.; (Huastec; AUS); (Dor.; Chata Langa Eng.; Jam.; Trin.; AUS; BNA; USN); CR2; Jackney (Eng.; Bush Kingsweed (Ma.; JFM); (Bel.; Hotz JFM); BNA); Jack aBush in (Eng.; Jam.; AVP; VOD); Jack Bush the (Bel.; in (Ma.; AUS; HempHawi NPM); Agrimony (Nepal; deChiva Hierba (Pan.; IED; JFM); TropeGuérit Vit (Creole; VOD) Vite Guérit (Creole; Haiti;AVP; VOD); Hagonoy (USN); (Nic.; AUS); Noël (Guad.; AUS;Fleurit Mart.; Haiti; AVP; VOD); Geri Nwel Flewi (Trin.; AUS); Garrapata Tout(Creole; VOD); (Creole; Fey (Creole; Langichat VOD); de Savana (Cuba; Filagrama AUS; JFM); VOD);Devilweed (Eng.; (Garo; USN); WO2); Dodiguru AVP); (Haiti; Eupatoire Fey Langchat GuéritAUS); AUS); (Sp.; (Brazil; Quem Cruz Curarina AUS); Tout deMonte (Sp.; Curarina AUS); (Creole;AVP); Oleroso (Nic.; Crucita AUS); AUS); (Brazil; (Brazil; deCampo Cruz Cruzeiro Haiti;AVP); AHL; Weed (Eng.; Communist WO2); (Mex.; AUS); Crucetilla (Jam.; Crucita Mex.; AUS; AVP; VOD); (Mex.; Cihuapastle AVP); (Ma.; JFM); Ciguapazle (Mex.; Cihuapatle AUS; Nahuatl; (Eng.; AUS; NPM; USN); Christmas Rose (Eng.; AUS); ChukutenayChimuyo (Cuba; Ven.; (Nepal; Bush AUS); Christmas RAR); NPM); Chiva (Ma.; (Peru; JFM); Chisca (Pr.; AUS; María Santa Cariaquillo AVP); (Ma.; JFM); Canutillo (Col.; Chilquita IED); Bitterbush (Eng.; AUS; Butterfly-Weed NPM); (Danuwar; USN); Bonmara (Eng.; USN); (Chepang; Bhayamara NPM); NPM); (Magar; Besi NPM); Banmara Banmasuwa (Nepal; (Ker.;Asampatcha WO2); (Assam; Ben.; WO2); Assam-Lota NPM); (Nepal; Banmara (Jam.; Archangel Trin.; (Ma.; JFM); AUS);Albahaquilla Armstrong’s Weed (Eng.; AUS); (VOD). shine sun the make leaves and the in rain tostop the amortar-pestle wraps reportedly rainmaker Haitian One 207 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 208 Indications: Downsides: Dosages: MPG); X16009519); (f1; VOD); Rheumatism TRA; Sores (f1; AUS; TRA); NPM; Spasms (1; (f; (f; JTR); Pain AAB); (f; Piscicide (f; Pregnancy VOD); JFM); (1; Propionibacterium seria (f; WO2); JFM; Malaria (f1; VOD; X11348739; X16280100); (f; AUS); AAB; Insomnia (f; Laryngosis AUS; VOD); (f1; AUS;AUS); TRA; (1; Gonorrhea TRA); (f; Headache JFM; AAB); Indigestion (f; VOD); Infection WOI; X12924132;X12924132; X15202555; X16567942); (f; Furuncles TRA); (f; Gas VOD); (f; Gastrosis (1; TRA); MPG; Fever (f; AUS; X15202555; VOD); JTR; (f; Flu VOD; WO2); (1; Fungus TRA; (f;Diabetes AUS; Dyspepsia (f; JFM); VOD); (1; Edema X16280100); X16567942; VOD);JFM; Depression (f; AUS); AAB; (f1; Dermatosis AUS; VOD; JFM; X9395667); X9395667);(f; JTR); Colds (f; AUS; AAB; VOD); JFM; Congestion (f; AHL); Coughs (f; AUS; AAB; InflammationWO2); (1; Burns X11679139); Cancer, lung (1; X15202555); Chafing NPM);(f;Cholera VOD); Acne (1; X16009519); (1; Allergies (f; TRA); VOD); Amenorrhea AHL; (f; Asthma (f1;ary AUS; X11767105; X16280100). (f; AUS); Spasmogenic (1; MPG); Stomachic (f; Tonic JFM); (f; AUS; JTR); Vulner- JFM; Binder (1; X15948592); Molluscacide (1; MPG); PAF-Inhibitor (1; X17541171); Piscicide ous Plant Database listed four titles alluding to toxicity of this species. totoxicity of four titles this alluding listed Database ous Plant (WO3). alkaloids n-oxides of 5pyrollizidine contain of As heads, July 2007, FDA the Poison- (AUS). flower mature animals and toxic, roots Plants atleast tograzing especially Plants, r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r FNFF = ? WoundsTRA) (f1; AUS; X11767105; NPM; JFM; X16280100). X1453706); Swelling (1; X16280100); Tonsilosis (f; VOD); (1; Urethrosis TRA); (f1; VD Panama Jamaicans take leaf tea for tea leaf colds (IED). take Jamaicans Panama (WO2). malaria and bleeding, internal for decoction cough, influenza, useleaf Nigerians plant juice for(NPM). and usethe Nepalese chafing, cuts, wounds (JFM). emmenagogue as decoction Mexicans useroot Mayans stomachache for (JFM). and usedecoction nephrosis for decoction leaf fever, take Jamaicans awash as (JFM). for dermatoses (VOD). tonsilitis and rheumatism, for ordecoction colds, tea cough, dyspepsia, useleaf fever,Haitians flu, laryngitis, gas, (JFM). tonic and stomachic consider root the Guatemalans tion (VOD). for malposi- tea useleaf dyspepsia uterine women pregnant totreat in and Dominicans (VOD). for leaves asthma mashed milk take in Dominicans (VOD). and skin sloughing leaves crushed poultice onto inflammation Dominicans usefor fever, (JTR).Cubans cholera, dermatoses, neurasthenia and (MPG). wholeColombians usethe tumors plant tofight (AUS). vousness ner- and laryngitis, for tea depression, usethe insomnia, Hispaniolans and Belizeans cough (AUS). Barbadans, Belizeans, Panamanians, and Trinidadans take leaf decoction for colds and (1; TRA); (f; Nephrosis AUS; Nervousness (f; JFM); AUS); AAB; Neurasthenia Bacillus Staphylococcus (1; AUS; (1; TRA); Bacteria AUS; TRA); (f; Bleeding WO2); (f; Bruises (1; TRA); MPG; Stomachache (f; AUS; JFM); Micrococcus Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook (1; WO2); Mycobacterium (1; X15202555); (1; X15202555); Streptococcus Escherichia Neis- (1; (1; Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Extracts: Activities: Names: Common Synonyms: Illustrations: lung cancer (MIC =19.2 (MIC lung cancer (X15202555). μM) cell moderately toxic luteolin small and for =24.6 μM), human (MIC lung cell cancer small for (25–200 mg/kg) (X16280100). From the flower, isosakuranetin moderately (X16567942). rats in oedema mycobactericidal carrageenan-induced in paw oedema reduced Aqueous extract grophytes in vitro inhibit fractions and extract Leaf ipr (MPG). rat Hydroalcoholic mg/kg LD50 =1,000 extract IED; LWW);IED; (f; Hemostat Hypoglycemic (f; JFM); AUS). (1;dant X15261992); (1; Antileukemic X12565171); (1; Antitumor X12565171); (f; Astringent (f;Abortifacient AHL); (1; Antiangiogenic X10812020); (1; Anticancer X12565171); Antioxi- AVP). (Haiti; Zicaquier AUS; (Trin.; LWW); Zicague Hon.; (Dom.; Haiti; Zicaque JFM); Mex.; AUS; LWW); JFM; (Bah.; LWW); Plum (Bah.; LWW);IED); Coco-Plum (Ma.; White Oaxaca; White Xicaco (Eng.; TAN); Tococo Nectarine AUS);Spanish (Timucua; Uichup Uajura (Ma.; (Cuna; JFM); IED);AVP); (Wi.; LWW); Coco-Plum Red (Garifuna; Icaque (Ma.; Sirínguela JFM); Prunier AVP); Coton (Wi.; AVP); Prunier d’Anse Prunier del’Anse (Fr. Guiana); Prunier (Fr. Guiana; Coton (Fr.; Guad.; AUS; AVP); deGuyane (Fr. Guy.; Prune (Guad.; Zicaque LWW); Prune AVP); Pork-Fat Apple (Sur.; (Bah.; LWW); Pruim Colon LWW); (Fr.; Prune USN); Prune Niza-Tao-PaniPepe AUS); (Zapotec; Pigeon Plum (Guy.; LWW); (Guad.; Zicaque Pomme AUS); AUS); Pebebe(Zapotec; Nocuana AUS); Pepe(Zapotec; AUS); Pe-Pepe(Zapotec; Pe- (Guy.; (Arawak; AUS); (Congo; LWW); Kurimiru Mafuli AVP); (Zapotec; Bebebe Nocuana AUS; BNA); (Bel.; Kocho Rhum BNA); (Arawak; Ma.; AUS; Koelimiru Kulimiro JFM); Jicaco Plum (Bel.;JFM); BNA); Jijaco (Ma.; JFM); (Pr.; Jicaquillo (Bel.; LWW); Kakata des Bois (Guad.; AVP); Icaque Rouge (Wi.; AVP); Icaquier (Fr.; USN); AHL; Jicaco (Ma.; (Sal.;Rodado LWW); Icaque (Guad.; Trin.; LWW); Mart.; Icaque Blanche (Wi.; AVP); Icaque LWW); Negro Icaco (Sal.; LWW); Icacopflaume (Ger.; USN);(Eng.; Plum Icaco Icaco TAM); LWW; USN); (Cuba; Icaco deCosta LWW); (Cuba; Icaco dePlaya Icaco Dulce (Ma.; JFM); nole; AUS); (Creek Seminole; AUS); Hikako Icacier (Fr.; USN); Icaco (Bel.; Pr.; Sp.; BNA; (Bel.; BNA); Higagu (Garifuna; IED); Kapi Hika (Mikasuki; AUS); Semi- (Mikasuki Hikáki AVP); (Brazil; Guejuru (Creek Hekako Seminole; AUS); (Pr.; Hicaco LWW); Plum Hicaco Guy.; Trin.; LWW); Plum (Eng.; Gopher (Ma.; Gicaco AVP); JFM); (Ma.; JFM); Guajeru BNA; LWW; USN); (Dwi.; LWW); Ecacas Fat Poke (Wi.; AUS); Fat Pork (Dom.; Dwi.; Mex.; Sp.; AVP; USN); Plum (Eng.; Cocoa JFM; AVP); Plum (Bel.; Coco Dwi.; Eng.; Vi.; (Arawak; Guy.; AUS; LWW); Caye Plum (Bel.; Caulker BNA); deAlgodon (Ma.; Ciruela (Guad.;Bois Rada AVP); (Chiapas; Caco AUS); (Mex.; Caramio JLH); Capollaixpehualli Abajeru (Tupi; AUS); (Por.; AVP); Airu (Ma.; Por.; Ariu (Ma.; JFM); Ajuru AVP; JFM); Chrysobalanus icaco icaco Chrysobalanus p 231 (LWW) Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium growth of , and , and T. rubrum T. COCO-PLUM ( Cryptococcus neoformans Cryptococcus var. var. , MIC = 62.5–500 μg/ml for for 25–100 and extract fractions μg/ml μg/ml =62.5–500 , MIC pellocarpus CHRYSOBALANACEAE (MIC =174.8(MIC moderately cytotoxic for acacetin human μM), Chrysobalanus icaco (GFW Mey.) DC.; , Microsporum gypseum C. pellocarpus pellocarpus C. L.) ++ , Trichophyton menta- GFW Mey.GFW 209 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 210 Activities: Names: Common Illustrations: Extracts: Downsides: Dosages: Indications: tive (f; DAW); AHL; (f; (f; Refrigerant Pectoral JFM); DAW). X11879006); (f; Astringent DAW); AHL; Emollient (f; RAR); Hypoglycemic (f; DAV); Laxa- Analgesic (f; DAW); (f; JAF50:1379); Antiinflammatory Antioxidant (1; JAF50:1379; AUS).Ta-Uh (Tikuna; USN); Plum (Eng.; Sterappel (Curasao; Star Ma.; Sur.; JFM); L&W); Sternapfel (Ger.; USN); AVP); (Fla.; Satinleaf (Andoke; So-Da-Deé AUS); Witototan; Star-Apple (Bel.; Eng.; L&W; AVP); AVP); (Cashibo;(Haiti; OXumacuti RAR); Caimite Pied (Fr.; Surette Pomme AVP); (Fr. Macoucou Guy.; (Ma.; JFM); Luma AVP); Verde Madura (Col.; L&W); Olivoa (Arg.; Guayabillo (Sal.; AVP); (Trin.; L&W); Kaimit Kê-Sê-Weé-Ree (Arawakan; Yukuna; AUS); sel (Bel.; AVP); (Sp.; Estrella AVP); (Col.; Goldenleaf (Wi.; AHL); L&W); Caimite Grand L&W); (Ma.; Mex.; Cayumito Cauje (Ma.; JFM); AUS; (Bel.; Commito BNA); JFM); Dam- L&W); (Ma.; Vi.; Cainit Wi.; AUS; AVP; (Brazil; Cainito L&W); (Ma.; JFM); JFM; Cainitier ito Morado (Sp.; (Col.; Caimo (Ma.; JFM); USN); L&W); Caimittier Morado (Col.; Caimo (Bel.; Dor.; Por.; Sp.; AVP; AHL; BNA; L&W; USN); Blanco (Sp.; Caimito USN); Caim- (Fr.;Caimitier Haiti; AVP; L&W; d’Or USN); aFeuilles AVP); Caimitier (Haiti; Caimito (Wi.; (Wi.; Franche (AUS); AHL);L&W); desJardines AHL); Caimite Caimitero Caimite AVP);Blanca (Peru; (Fr.; Buis Caimitier AVP); (Por.; Caianito AVP); (Fr.; Caimite Trin.; AUS);Abiu (Brazil; doPará Aguay (Arg.; AVP); (Por.; Ajara AVP); (Sur.; Apra L&W); Balata fig (DAV);70 p 439(L&W) inhibition in chicken embrionary tissue (X10812020). (X12565171).K562 characteristics MDR with 44% exhibited extract Methanol angiogenesis derivative of of proliferation 1, Lucena avincristine-resistant inhibited and line cell leukemia apoptosis of K562 erythro- induced and growth inhibited fractions leaf from Triterpenoids this species. ofAs July totoxicity 2007, twoof titles FDA alluding listed the Poisonous Database Plant (JFM). 250 gwater,in leukorrhea and hemorrhage, 2–3 cups/day for diarrhea, (AUS). orroot leaf, roasting bark, after 5gfruit, for (JFM); decoction dysentery orroot Bark almonds like taste (and skewering; seeds seeds) Fruits the Cuba. after eaten and Rica, Costa FNFF = !! Widely used for food in the Caribbean, even canned and exported from Brazil, Tumors (1; X12565171); (f; Warts JLH). Hyperglycemia (f; AUS); (1; Leukemia X12565171); (f; (f; Nephrosis Leukorrhea JFM); AUS); CystosisJLH); (f; AUS); (f1; Diabetes AUS); (f; (f; Dysentery JFM); AHL); IED; Diarrhea (f; (f;Bleeding Blennorrhagia JFM); AUS); (f1; Cancer X12565171); JLH; Condyloma (f; STAR-APPLE ( Chrysophyllum cainito SAPOTACEAE Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook L.) ++ Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Indications: Activities: Names: Common Extracts: Downsides: Dosages: Indications: Synonyms: Illustrations: ROE); Worms (f; MPG). (f;Rheumatism ROE); Sores (f; (f; BEJ); Sore Throat ROE); Stones (f; ROE); (f; Urethrosis (f; ROE); MPG; (f; Osteosis (f; BEJ); Pain (f; BEJ); Prostatosis ROE); Respirosis (f; ROE); BEJ); Hepatosis (f; (f; (f; MPG); MPG); BEJ); Insomnia (f; Malaria Nephrosis ROE); Oliguria ROE); Colds (f; BEJ); Coughs (f; BEJ; (f; MPG); Dysuria ROE); Fever (f; DAW; MPG); (f; Flu (f; ROE);Arthrosis (f; Bleeding ROE); Bronchosis (f; ROE); (f; Calculus (f; ROE); Childbirth (f;lytic ROE); Sedative (f; (f; MPG); Stimulant MPG); Tonic (f; MPG); Vermifuge (f; MPG). Choleretic (f; (f; MPG); Diuretic ROE); MPG; (f; Febrifuge DAW); (f; Hemostat ROE); Litho- ROE). (Peru; sirviy (Nscn). ROE); (Peru; ROE);Kentayllaulli (Peru; ROE); Tiutumpi Kiswara (Peru; Kiswara Qhari- Sp.; Sp.; (Ecu.; (Ecu.; ROE);Chuquira BEJ; (Peru; MPG); Chuquiragua Llaulli MPG); Inca (BEJ; USN). MPG; vanischtoni vanischtoni H &B; with quercetin showing the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 40 μM) (X11879006). μM) (IC50 =40 activity showing antioxidant highest the quercetin with DPPH in activity antioxidant assay high exhibited (IC50 =22 μg/ml), fraction Ethyl acetate species. of totoxicityAs July of 2007,this onetitle alluding FDA listed the Poisonous Database Plant r r (FAC).gat (JFM). for decoction angina fruit Gargle ornou- almond spices). imitation and juice in orange used also kernels Seed milk, (pulp with FNFF = !! Fruits eaten fresh, parboiled, pr (f;VD IED). DAW); Mycosis (f; DAV); (f; Pain DAW); (f; Pneumonia JAF50:1379); Sores (f; DAV; (f;Infection DAV); RAR); (f; Inflammation JAF50:1379); (f; Laryngitis JAF50:1379); Mastosis (f; (f; Fungus JFM); DAV); Gingivosis (f; DAV); (f; Hyperglycemia Gonorrhea (f; JFM); DAV); rhea (f; (f; Dysentery JFM); DAW); Enterosis (f; DAW); Fever (f; DAW; EB30:134; IED; DAW);AHL; Cystosis (f; (f; Dermatosis (f; RAR); JFM); Diabetes DAV; AHL; DAW); Diar- Abscesses (f; DAV); (f; Constipation (f; (f; (f; JFM); Catarrh Cancer Angina JFM); JFM); Chuquiraga fruticosa fruticosa Chuquiraga p 121 (BEJ); p610 (ROE) Ticos take bark decoction for catarrh, cystosis, diarrhea, and gonorrhea (JFM). gonorrhea and cystosis, diarrhea, for decoction catarrh, bark Ticos take (JFM). febrifuge and Colombians diuretic, antidysenteric, uselatex as C. peruviana Heckel; Heckel; KISWARA ( Joannesia insignis Juss.; Juss.; Jaume St. Hil.; Chuquiraga insignis insignis Chuquiraga C. jussieui ASTERACEAE C. pseudoruscifolia pseudoruscifolia C. J.F. Gmelin; Gmelin; J.F. (Willd.) Pers.; eserved, or made into a called matrimony matrimony called adessert into ormade eserved, (Willd.) Bonpl.) + C. lancifolia lancifolia C. Johannia insignis Muschler; H &B; C. rhynchophora C. microphylla Willd.; fide 211 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 212 Dosages: Notes: Activities: Names: Common r r FNFF = ? 3–4 branches/liter water in decoction or tea; 1–2 cups/day (MPG). lor’s may apply (as to entries RAI) e.g., species, other tothe tooneas below Tay- Consider entries likely toaccrue the as bark. topowdered when reduced probably tough todistinguish are They pretty attributes. folkloric and succirubra by Roersch also noted (1994).(EGG), as (1998) etal. García (as entries VAD) to assigned cinchona for indications Peruvian as any fever only but listing species, malaria and distinct century. Egg (1999) 20th of the beginning at the treats bra al. prefer et that (2000) McGuffin CRC; RAI). Stomachic (f; CRC; HHB); Teratogenic (1; WO2); Tonic (1; CRC; DAD; 60P); Uterotonic (f; Parasiticide (1; (f; Schizonticide RAI); CRC); Sialagogue (2; KOM; PH2); (f; Stimulant WO2); (1;EGG); Nervine Orexigenic (f12; RAI); KOM; HHB; Oxytoxic (1; RAI); CRC; WO2); Hypoglycemic (1; WO2); Hypotensive (1; WO2); (f1; Insecticide (f; CRC; Insectifuge RAI); (f1; 60P); (f1; Febrifuge RAI; CRC; (2; Fungicide (f1; RAI); KOM); Gastrostimulant RAI); CNS-Depressant (1; WO2); Contraceptive (f; CRC; Dentifrice (f; RAI); CRC); Digestive (1;sant PNC; WO2); (1; Cardiotonic VAD; 60P); Cholagogue (1; VAD); (1; Cicatrizant VAD); HHB); Bactericide (1; WO2; RAI; X16483385); Bitter (2; CRC; JAD; SHT); Cardiodepres- sialagogue (1; (f1; (1; (1; Antispasmodic Antitumor Astringent RAI); RAI); JFM); CRC; FNF; (1; (f; AntiMDR Antiperiodic CRC);RAI); RAI); (1; Antiseptic Anti- CRC; RAI); MPI; FNF; (f1; CRC; HAD); (1;(f; Antimalarial PNC;EGG; Antichronotropic MPG); Antiinflammatory (1;Anesthetic (1; CRC; (f; DAD; Anthelmintic JAD); FNF; RAI); CRC); Antiarrhythmic (1;Abortifacient WO2); FEL; Amebicide (1; Analgesic (f1; RAI); CRC; WO2); PNC; RAI; Ocn.; AH2). (Eng.; Ocn.; AH2); YellowQuinine (Eng.; Cinchona Ocn.; AH2); Yellow (Eng.; Quinine Rubra (Spain; VAD); Cinchona (Eng.; Red (Eng.; Scn.; RAI); CR2; AH2); Red Quinine Yanesha;sha; Peru; (Eng.; Bark EGG); Ocn.; (Sp.; Peruvian AH2); Quina Quina RAI); EGG); Peru; MotosoloCampa; EGG); (Peru; Palo EGG); Blanco (Peru; Patorech (Amue- (Ashaninka; (Sp.; ROE); (USN); Lojabark Mañirita (Peru; Jichukina RAI); Kinakina RAI); EGG); Jesuit’s (Peru; Ichu Cascarilla (Eng.;RAI); Bark Ocn.; AH2); Jesuit’s Powder (Eng.; EGG); Countess’(Peru; EGG); Powder Fever (Peru; Cuarango (Eng.; Tree (Eng.; RAI); Roja Corteza (Eng.; Cinchona Bark (Eng.; Bark RAI); EGG); RAI); China (Peru; Cascarilla EGG); (Peru; EGG); (Peru; Carua-Carua deBajo Cargua Capirona EGG); (Peru; Cargua (ROE). of decoction leaves take flowers and Peruvians and prostatosis Andean for nephrosis lemon (ROE). with often matism, also for bronchosis, and rheu- flu, childbirth, during tea floral drink Peruvians Andean . Felter Lloyd and (1898) usesof quinine (as on medical entries based FEL) sometimes C. callisaya . “yellow cinchona.” Both seem to share many morphological, chemical, and and “yellow chemical, morphological, many cinchona.” toshare seem Both RED CINCHONA ( C. officinalis C. calisaya Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook RUBIACEAE Cinchona officinalis , C. ledgeriana C. and C. pubsecens pubsecens C. C. officinalis , C. officinalis C. L.) + be called “red cinchona” “red called be and ,and C. pubescens C. C. succiru- C. as Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Downsides: Dosages: Indications: effects: allergic reactions, rarely thrombocytopenia; and interactions: potentiation of cou- hypersensitivity; for and adverse pregnancy counterindications Ereports Commission r r r r dose50 (PNC); mg(alkaloids???) max tincture (PNC). cinchona ml (PNC); (PNC); extract extract cinchona 2–4 liquid 0.3–1 0.3–1 ml ml (MPI); splenomegaly and 3×/day for pertussis, 10 (MPG); hay fever, neuralgia, grains hemicrania, FNFF = ! 1–3 g bark (KOM); 0.3–1 g powdered bark (PNC); 1 tsp bark boiled 5–10 min, WoundsJAD; RAI); (f1; PH2; PHR; VAD); Yeast (1; FNF). Varicosity (f; CRC; VAR; RAI; WO2); (1; Viruses Wen FNF); (f; Worms JLH); (f1; FNF; (f1; Typhoid PH2; PHR; RAI); CRC; JLH; (f; JFM; (f; Ulcers CRC; JLH); RAI); FEL; VAD; 60P); Tonsilosis (1; Trachoma MPI); (f; FEL); (1; Trypanosomiasis Tumors FNF); Stomatosis (f; RAI); MPI; CRC; VAD); RAI; Sunstroke (f; FEL); Tachycardia (1; MPG; PH2);PHR; (f; Sore Throat CRC; Splenomegaly MPI); (f; PH2); PHR; Splenosis (f; JLH; nosis (f; (f1; MPI); Sciatica (f; CRC; Septicemia CRC); PH2; RAI); FNF; Sores (f; JLH; (f;Pyemia (f; Rashes MPI); PH2); Respirosis (f; PH2); (f; Rhi- MPI); FEL; Rheumatism VAD);RAI; (f; Piles CRC); (f; Pinworm CRC; WO2); (f; Pneumonia CRC; MPI); FEL; Paludism (f; 60P); (1; Parasites (f; Pertussis CRC; RAI); (f; MPI); Pharyngosis HHB; PH2); (f1; Pain CRC; DAD; PH2; FNF; PNC; WO2); FEL; RAI; Palpitations (1; MPG); Myotonia (1;RAI); WO2); (f; Neuralgia CRC; PH2); MPI; HHB; FEL; Neurosis (f; CRC; PNC; 60P); (1; MDR RAI; (f; Metastasis Myalgia JLH); RAI); (f; Mycosis RAI); FEL; (1; PH2);HAD; Lumbago (f12; (f1; Malaria PH2; CRC; CRC; PHR; RAI); FNF; EGG; FNF; 60P); (f1; Infection ROE; CRC; RAI; MPI; WO2; FNF; X16483385); (f; Inflammation cups (f; CRC); (1; Blood High Pressure WO2); Hydrocele (f; CRC); Indigestion (f1; RAI; (f; (f1; MPI); Hemorrhoids CRC; WO2); (1; Hepatosis Herpes (f; Hic- RAI); FNF); JLH; Hay Fever (f; WO2); (f; MPI); Headache FEL; RAI; FEL; (1; Heart MPG); Hemicrania (f; (f; Gonorrhea Gastrosis PH2; FEL);PHR; RAI); RAI); PHR; Hangover (f; CRC; RAI); JAD; (f1; Flu PH2; RAI); CRC; PH2; PNC; WO2); RAI; (f1; Fungus (f12; Gas RAI); (f; Erysipelas RAI); FEL); Fatigue (f; Felons RAI); (f; CRC; Fever JLH); (f1; CRC; FNF; pepsia (f12; KOM; FEL; 60P); PH2; (f; PHR; Elephantiasis RAI; WO2); Enterosis (f; (f;Diphtheria FEL); (f1; Dysentery CRC; WO2); RAI; MPI; (1; Dyskinesia VAD); Dys- PH2);GMH; (f; Dermatosis PH2); (1; Diabetes WO2); (f; CRC; Diarrhea 60P); PH2; RAI; WO2); (f1; Cramps (f; (f; Debility CRC; FEL; RAI); PH2; 60P); PNC; Dandruff RAI; Cholecystosis (f; Colds (f1; RAI); CRC; PNC; 60P); Conjunctivosis (f; FEL); (f; Coughs (f; (f; (f; ROE); CRC); (f; FEL; MPI); Childbirth Catarrh Chills 60P); Chlorosis (f; FEL); Cancer, spleen (f; CRC); (f; Carcinomata CRC); (1; Cardiopathy VAD; RAI; 60P); Carditis CRC); (f; Cancer, gland CRC; Cancer, liver JLH); (f; CRC); (f; Cancer, mesentery CRC); Cachexia (f;(f; (f; 60P); Asthma HHB); (1; Bacteria WO2; RAI; X16483385); FEL); (1; Bleeding HHB); (f1; (f12; Anorexia CancerRAI); CRC; KOM; Arrhythmia WO2); PH2; PHR; RAI); Arthrosis (f1; VAD);CRC; RAI; (1; Amebiasis WO2); CRC; CRC; RAI; (f; FNF; PH2; HHB; Anemia FEL; JFM;Adenopathy (f; (f; Ague CRC; RAI); FEL); JLH; (f1; Alcoholism (f; JLH; Alopecia PH2; RAI); PHR; PH2; RAI); Cancer, breast (f; Venezuelans take for cancer and malaria (RAI). Venezuelans malaria and for cancer take (EGG). for fever take Peruvians malaria and (RAI). malaria and trosis, debility, anorexia, dyspepsia, enterosis, fatigue, fever, for anemia, take gas- Brazilians wounds. and metrorrhagia, itch, inflammation, infections, usefor childbirth, bleeding, Andeans 213 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 214 Synonyms: Illustrations: Common Names: Common Notes: Extracts: Cissampelos hirsuta hirsuta Cissampelos p 155 p85 (TRA); pl (NPM); 42 (KAB) Panar (Ma.; JFM); Erva de Nossa Senhora (Brazil; MPB); Estrella de la Preñada (Ma.; JFM); MPB); (Ma.; JFM); (Brazil; dela Preñada deNossa Senhora Erva Estrella (Ma.; JFM); Panar (Nwp.; NAD); KAB); (Ben.; KAP; Eklega ADP); Duknirbissi Equere (Hindi; Diyamitta (Sin.; Deyamittia (Majhi; NPM); (Majhi; NPM); DEP); Laharo Dhakani Dalli (Ma.; JFM); (Mex.; AVP); Cuscusipa (Ilo.; (Mun.; Cuxogui KAB); KAB); (Ma.; JFM); Cutulutur Cuxba Curarina MPB); (Ma.; JFM); (Brazil; (Guat.;Cipó deGota Cotán PCS); Curarina Cotán MPB); Cipó(Brazil; NPM); deCabras (Nepal; Batulpate (Tamang;Langdu Chillo NPM); (Sin.;path DEP); (Batangas; KAB); Butua (HHB); Chhelem (HHB); Caá Calancalamayan Bejuco (Col.; Patacón AVP); Bejuco (Cuba; Petillo AVP); (Cuba; Bejuco Prieto AVP); Bel- Bejuco deSalud (Ca.; AVP); Bejuco deTerciopelo Bejuco (Ma.; (Dor.; JFM); Ñame AHL); (Pr.; AVP; PCS); KAB; Bejuco (Dor.; deRatón AVP); AHL; Bejuco (Ma.; JFM); deSabana PCS); Bejuco deCerca(Col.; IED); Bejuco (Ma.; deMona JFM); Bejuco delaPreñada NAD);(Nepal; KAB); (Nepal; (Cr.; Bejuco Batulpoti Azul AVP); (Sal.; Bejuco deAlcotan (Cebu;Batangbatang KAB); (Ca.; Batato AVP); Batulpote NPM); Nepal; (Majhi, Batulpate (Java; KAB); AVP); Bilobée (Haiti; Aristoloche EGG); KAB); Bat (Peru; (Pun.; Barbasco (Twi; DEP); (Sanskrit; Patha Aportororkungma KAB); (Tam.; Appata ADP); Areujtjantjuan [1 (Ashanti; (Sanskrit KAB); of Ambashtha KAB); 39]; Akuraso (Hindi; KAB); Ambashthai Akuadi KAP); (Malaya; KAB; DEP; Akarmungpanang ADP; MPI); (Ben.; Hindi; nadi Por.;Abuta (Brazil; (Eng.;Abútua MPB); RAI); KAB; (Tel.; Bankatige Adivii ADP); Aka- (TBC). monkeysand yields white-faced also fiber. astrong eaten by vine birds The Fruits Colombia Ecuador. and Amazonian in poisons, especially arrow haveagents in and used been tosum “pareira,” brava” true it the from pareira todistinguish “false Called quinine and quinidine which were active showed slight least active 9-desoxy-dihydro while derivatives showed activity. fair More which compounds mymix ipecac and quinine in Amazonia). Chloro-9-desoxy-quinine and quinidine were mightand derivatives (I emetine as potent as were not and quinidine from quinine modified of point view, amebicidal From an compounds quinine. chest called medicine growing this in compounds antipyretic some of the are quinine and quinidine, cinchonine, Cinchonidine, totoxicity species. ofalluding this one dose(DAD). Asof July 2007, four titles FDA listed the Poisonous Database Plant adult in an (WO2). kill can humans in (WO2). may fatal be 8gquinine gquinine 8–20 atlevels of 0.5–10 animals mg/kg experimental oxytocic in all quinine and quinidine, longed toxic hydroquinine, usemay (AEHD). produce effects cinchonine, Cinchonidine, effects for for GI-ulcer, derivatives counterindication adverse report (KOM). sources marin Other allergic skin reactions, fever, rarely thrombocytopenia. Overdosing or pro- , for which it is sometimes substituted. Both contain dangerous neuromuscular blocking blocking neuromuscular dangerous , for contain Both substituted. which it issometimes in vitro VELVETLEAF ( Buchanan-Hamilton ex deCandolle; Buchanan-Hamilton activity were also active MENISPERMACEAE Cissampelos pareira Cissampelos Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook in vivo in (MPI). in vivo in , exceptions 9-desoxy-dihydro being C. nepalensisC. L.) ++ Chondrodendron tomen- Rhodes. Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Activities: (1; WO2); TRA; KAP; (1; Cytotoxic MPB; WO3); (f; Depurative (f; Diaphoretic KAP); IED); diotonic (1; TRA); CNS-Depressant (1; WO2); TRA; Contraceptive (1; X17324540); Curare X15050042); (1; Bactericide WO2); HDN; TRA; Bitter (f; DEP); (1; Bradycardiac TRA); Car- (1;panosomic X12943789); (1; (f1; Antiulcer (f; Astringent Aphrodisiac RAI); RAI); DEP; (1; (f; (1; Antiseptic Antispasmodic NPM); RAI); Antiradicular WO3); HHB; Antitry- (f; (1; WO2);Antilithic TRA); (1; Antioxidant (1; Antimalarial Antiplasmodial RAI); TRA); (1; Antiinflammatory DAV; RAI; X17097249); EGG; Antileukemic (1; WO3; X8403094); (1;edemic X17097249); (1; Antifertility X17324540); (1; X17097249); TRA; Antihistaminic (1;TRA); Antidiarrheal X15050042); (f; (f; Antidote Antiecbolic RAI); ADP; DAW); Anti- (1; (f;abortive IED); X17240096); (1; (f; Antiarthritic Anticonvulsant Anticancer JFM); RAI; (f;Alexiteric DEP; KAB); Analgesic (f1; DAV; X17240096); GMJ; EGG; RAI; KAB; Anti- Voaravinaviavy KAB); Weniwela (Antsianaka; (Sin.; KAB); Sheng Teng Xi DAA). (Pin.; (Cr.; AVP); Venibel (Bom.; DEP); Venivel (Guj.; KAB); ADP; Videira Silvestre (Ma.; JFM); bush Velvetleaf (Eng.; JFM); (Eng.; USN); NPM; Jam.; Venadera Scn.; KAP; AH2; ADP; KAB); Vahivory (Hova;Vahifotsy KAB); (Tam.; (Betsimisaraka; Vattatiruppi Velvet- MPI); Vaca EGG); Apa (Ma.; JFM); do Rio Vahemboatavo (Peru; Ñahui-Huasca (Betsileo; KAB); (Cuba; PCS); Torola (Chepang; Tsutsucc NPM); Ts’uts’uk-ak (Ma.; JFM); (Mex.; AVP); Uva (Tamang; Tejo NPM); (San.; (Sin.; Malla DEP; KAB); Tikri NAD); Tomatillo deSabana Talsche Pareivawurzel (Ger.; Tamasás KAP); (Nic.; IED); KAB); Tamshaprip Tanga (Lepcha; (Tam.; KAB); (Pi.; (Tam.; KAB); Sansao NAD); (Madagascar; KAB); Ravinbury Punaittitta (Nic.; PCS); Picamano NPM); (Nic.; Pícamo AVP); Pomusktie (Tam.; DEP); Ponmootootai KAB); (Mal.; AHL); Pebá(Haiti; (HHB); Pattuvalli Peteltun (Mex.; AVP); Phorgel (Tibet; Gil (Saora; KAB); (Ayu.; Patha Cheval Patte NPM); KAP; Tibet; AH2; ADP; Nepal; Sanskrit; NAD); (Ca.; Patacón (Ma.; JFM); Pataca Col.; AVP; IED); Pat TRA); Chwal (Haiti; Paterutivu Brava MPB); Brava (Brazil; KAB);Paria (Fr. (Tel.; Parreira Guiana; Pata MPI; DEP; KAB; (Goa; DEP); Parayet (Goa; (Japan; KAB); Pr.; Pareira AVP; Brava Pareira KAP); (Jam.; AVP); (Garhwal; (Mar.;KAB); KAB); MPI; Pahari NAD); Paharval (Mar.; Paharvel ADP); Parayel NAD); NAD); (Kan.; Padvali (Hindi; KAB); Pahadvel (Nepal; Pahadamoola (Bom.; Paha MPB); KAB); (Brazil; (Kan.; MPI); Padavali Onça (Sanskrit; Padavel Paatha (Mar.; KAB); (Oriya; KAB); (Mex.; Oreja deRatón PCS); KAB; Oreja deTigre (Ven.; AVP); de Orelha (Ben.; Nemuka NPM); DEP); (Ben.; KAB); Nimuka Nirbisi (Ben.; DEP; KAB); Okanobindhi Moi Tron KAB);JFM); (Chuana; (Annam; Koba; Mokaekae Subia; KAB); Musya Belo (Raute; KAB); M Pa-Tra (Ca.; Margosa NPM); (Tibet; AVP); M’cessie (Ma.; JFM); Masquiunsabe (Filabusi; Molle (Guad.;Liane AVP); AVP); Cheval (Haiti; Patte Liane Ma-Nu- (Gurung; NPM); Lungri Blanche KAB); Corde(Guad.;Liane (Réunion; Liane AVP); AHL); (Haiti; Gourde Liane (Guad.; Amère (Fr.;KAB); Liane Amere AVP); Liane JFM); (Guad.; àSerpents AVP); Liane KAB); 15(Pedi; Liane (Guad.; Jours AVP); (Fr.; àGlacer (Fr.; Liane àCoeur Liane JFM); NAD); (Ben.; SKJ); L KAP; (Sanskrit; Lahra Patha Laghu (Tamang; Gugai Kwartang NPM); (Ma.; JFM); IED); SKJ); Kuxsogui (Bribri; Kule (Hindi; Afr.; KAB); (E. Kökili NAD); MPI; DEP; SKJ); (Mal.; ADP; Kinikadjio KAB; Kattuvalli (Guj.; Sin.; (Pun.; (Vis.; KAB); (Porebunder; KAB); Katori NAD); Karandhis Kardhiyunbang AVP; Sudan; (Hausa; Kassa Jibda KAB); (Shipibo/Conibo; Astoro Joshin EGG); Kampapari (Mex.; AVP); (Mex.; Iztako–Anenep’li MAX); EGG); Iztacoanenpili NPM); Jaluko (Nepal; NAD); (Ven.; deRatón Hierba PCS); (Eng.; Ice (Shipibo/Conibo; Vine Masha Imchich NPM); KAP; (Sakalave; (Hindi; (Gurung; Hamafana NPM); (Yunani; Harjori KAB); KAP); Harjor (Tag.; KAB); Gurubuti Gulangulammanan IHB); Guayacan (Ma.; JFM); (Ma.; JFM); Guaco G AHL); RAI); (Malaya; IHB; (Haiti; Gasing Gasing KAB); Cocur Feuille Estroloja (Ven.; AVP); (Ger.; Falsche Pareira HHB); Brava False Pareira (Eng.; HHB; AH2; ě mpanang (Malaya; IHB);mpanang Midwife’s Herb (Eng.; Ocn.; (Ma.; AH2); Milhombrea ě mpanang (Malaya; IHB); Lepeta (Malaya; IHB);mpanang Lepeta ě gasing (Malaya; (Malaya; gasing 215 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 216 Indications: (f; KAB); Wounds (f; DAW; ADP; DEP; Yeast NPM); (1; HDN). DEP;ADP; WO2); Vaginosis (f; (f; VD RAI); DAV; DAW; Worms NPM); KAP; IED; EGG; (f1; (f; Urethrosis KAB); DEP; RAI); NPM; Urogenitosis (f; DAW; NAD); KAB; Uterosis (f; (f; (1; Trypanosoma KAP); X12943789); Tuberculosis (f; DEP); Typhoid (f; ADP); Ulcers DEP; IED; KAP; NAD; RAI); Stroke (f; Stings (f;Sterility RAI); DEP; KAB); (f; Stomachache (f; DEP; SKJ); Stones (f; DAW; SKJ); Swelling (f1; NPM; X17097249); Syphilis KAB); Epilepsy (f; DAW; SKJ); (f; Erysipelas DAW); AHL; (f; Dysuria NPM); DEP; KAB; DAW; KAB); (1; Edema X17097249); Enterosis (f; DEP; DAW; (f1; Dysmenorrhea DEP; JFM); WO3); MPB; RAI; Dyspepsia (f; DAW; AHL; ADP; (f; Dog NPM); Bites (f; DAW); (f; Dropsy DAW; (f; Dysentery MAX); DEP; ADP; KAB; (f; DAW); (f1; Diarrhea DAW; X15050042); DEP; KAB; (f; Diphtheria ADP); Dislocation WOI); (f; MAX; KAB; Delirium DAW; Diabetes NPM); (f; SKJ); Dermatosis KAP; IED; TRA); Coughs (f; DAW; KAB); (f1; Cramps WO3); RAI; HHB; Cystosis (f; DAW; DEP; Constipation (f; (f; Consumption RAI); RAI); NPM; DEP); Convulsions (f1; DAW; RAI; DAW); Colic (f; DAW; ADP; Congestion (f; RAI); Conjunctivosis NPM; RAI); JFM; (f; (f; Chills DAW); (f; RAI); KAB; DEP); JFM; Childbirth Cholera (f; DAW); Colds (f; ADP; (f;Carbuncles DAW; WO2); (f1; SKJ); Cardiopathy TRA; (f; RAI; ADP; JFM; Catarrh DEP; WOI); (f; ADP); Spermatorrhea Splenosis (f; JFM); DEP); Smallpox (f; ADP); Bite Snake (f; DAV; DAW; Sores NPM); (f; MAX; KAB; IHB; (f; DAW;Rheumatism RAI); MAX; (1;DEP); Puerperium WO3); Rabies (f; DAW; (f; SKJ); Rashes IED); Respirosis (f; RAI); WOI;RAI; X17240096); Palpitations (f; DAW; PMS (f; (f; Prolapse JFM); RAI); ADP; (f; DAW; AHL; (f; Osteosis (f1; RAI); Pain NPM); DAV; GMJ; DEP; EGG; NPM; KAB; WO2); (f; SKJ; ADP; (f; WO2); Ophthalmia Nervousness (f; Oliguria RAI); RAI); Orchosis Mucososis (f; Myosis RAI); MPI; (f; (f; Nephrosis RAI); DAW; RAI; MAX; DEP; KAB; (f1; DAW; ADP; SKJ; TRA); RAI; (f; Menorrhagia DAW; (f; WO3); Miscarriage RAI); X8403094); (f; Leukorrhea DAW; Low (1; Blood MAX); Pressure JFM; TRA); Malaria Jaundice (f; DAW; DEP; MAX); WO2); (f1; Inflammation DAV; RAI; X17097249); KAP; EGG; Itch ADP;(f; DAW; WOI); (f1;Blood Pressure DAW; (f1; (f; Infection TRA); Impotence RAI); HDN; TRA; NPM; (f; KAB); (f; Hemorrhage DAW); (f; Hemorrhoids SKJ); Hepatosis (f; KAB; MPB); High Gravel (f; DAW; (f; SKJ); Headache KAB; (f; ADP); DAW; Hematuria SKJ); Hemicrania AHL); (f; Gastrosis TRA); Gingivosis DEP; RAI; NPM; (f; (f; Gonorrhea NPM); NPM); (f1; ADP; DAV; DAW; EGG; IED; KAB; NPM; RAI); Fibroids (f; RAI); Gallstones (f; KAB; MAX; WO2); MAX; KAB; (f1; Cancer WO3); JFM; Cancer, colon (1; RAI); Bronchitis (f; DAW); (f; (f; Burns Bruises DAW; RAI); WO2); (f; Calculus DAW; ADP; WO2);TRA; Bites (f; SKJ); (f; Bleeding DAW; Boils (f; RAI); IED; DAW; WO2); JFM; X17240096); (f; Asthma DAW; DEP; JFM); IED; (1;gies X17097249); TRA; (f; (1; WO2); Amenorrhea KAB; (f; Arthritis Anemia RAI); (f; Abscesses (f;Abortion RAI); WO2); IHB; Acne (f; DAW; SKJ; WO2); RAI; KAB; Aller- (f; DAW); Tonic (f; DEP; Uterorelaxant NPM); (1; (f; TRA); Vulnerary DEP). DAW); (f; Respirodepressant DEP); (f; Stimulant DAW); Stomachic (f; DEP; KAB); Styptic Myorelaxant (1; MPI); Piscicide (f; KAP; DAV; IHB); IED; Poison (f; DAV); Purgative (f; (1; TRA); Hypotensive (1; TRA); Litholytic (f; DAW; DEP; Mucolytic KAP); IED; (f; RAI); Gram(+)-icide (1; WO2); (f; Hepatoprotective Hemostat (f; Hypertensive RAI); IED; RAI); (f;Expectorant DAV; DAW; (f1; Febrifuge RAI); KAB; IED; DAV; EGG; KAB); IED; EGG; (f;Diuretic DAV; DAW; (f; Emmenagogue DEP; RAI); NPM; DAW; WO2); KAB; IED; Klebsiella Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Salmonella (1; (f; (1; Leprosy RAI); SKJ); Leukemia WO3; (1; Scabies (f; RAI); WO2); Sinusosis (f; Bacillus Staphylococcus (1; (1; Bacteria HDN); HDN; Escherichia Candida (1; HDN; TRA); TRA); HDN; (1; (1; TRA); Fever (1; HDN); HDN); (1; Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Extracts: Downsides: Dosages: active against lesionscause gastric (X17097249). parts, cissampeloflavone, compound aerial The the from p.o. (up rat) mg/kg to1,000 no rat), toxicity with mg/kg ormortality not did and (200–400 1×/day/3 (X17240096), antiinflammatory also mg/kg days mice)(100–400 antiarthritic and LD50 (X17324540). =7.3oral mice g/kg antinociceptive extract root ethanolic 50% aqueous with secretion, estradiol release and gonadotropin altering mice, in activity antifertility ited exhib- extract Leaf operations. have muscles torelax used alkaloids ofSalts during been the totoxicity species. titles of alluding this poisons (HHB). to other ofdote As July 2007, nine FDA the listed Poisonous Database Plant toxic (SOU). tocattle deemed Sometimes anti- itself, Apoisonous plant an in as it served has r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r tion 2–3×/day 1–2 gcapsule/tablet 2–3×/day (RAI); (RAI). 0.5–1.5 (NPM); worms and gpowdered 1cup germs wood (KAP); decoc- root wounds tokill into juice 3×/day root 2 tsp juice dripped root coldstion (NPM); cough and (NPM); totreat for indiges- a/o fever juice 3×/day root urination 4tsp indigestion and (NPM); for burning loss plant juice 3×/day 3tsp of counteract blood (NPM); and tostop bleeding childbirth after plant juice 2×/day, 6tsp 2–3×/day (RAI); tincture given 2–3 ml (KAP); extract liquid ml FNFF = ? Roots edible, used in making rice beer (WO2). 28–56 ml decoction (KAP); 2–8 >5,000 mg/kg orl (TRA). rat >5,000 mg/kg LD50 (aqueous decoction) = nasopharynx. of the carcinoma against activity has reportedly (JFM). rheumatism jaundice, and edema, for diuretic, asthma, as decoction Yucatanese take Wayãpi relief (RAI). for pain decoction stem oral and useleaf for decoction palpitations leaf natives (JFM). Trinidad take (RAI). for and fever, expectorant diuretic as useseed bite, VD snake and Amerinds Peruvian smallpox (ADP). natives and plant Garhwal onto itch, the paste leukorrhea, Pauri (IED). for and fever, insects, and venereal scorpions, diseases sores,and rashes, snakes, skin topically, and orally decoction, for root apply and of stings bites leaf and Nicaraguans bite snake (RAI). and tism, rheuma- dysentery, inflammation, Mexicans usefor muscular dysmenorrhea, diarrhea, (MAX). tonic water)back to1pint and diuretic as Mexicans suggest fill 1.5 1–3 water 1pint and for strain, oz (boil 15 bark ounces min, sores(JFM). and for gonorrhea, tonic dermatosis, diuretic bitter the take Jamaicans leaves poultice (RAI). topain Palikur Guyanan (JFM). aphrodisiac as rum in stem and leaf, bark, Creoles steep Guyanan for decoction fever, take awash as Guatemalans for and erysipelas (JFM). fever and erysipelas, gallstones, (AHL). usefor childbirth, Dominicans (JFM). childbirth colic todispel around and for decoction root amenorrhea take Brazilians 15 (ADP). daysBhoxa for internally extract leaf spermatorrhea Tribals take per, of root combination black with in pep- pareira control with birth temporary report Assamese (SKJ). suggest for root malaria heatstroke and pounded Indians Asian Mimosa pudica rpnsm cruzi Trypanosoma and and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis T. rhodesiense brucei (X12266264). (X12943789). Cissampareine 217 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 218 Activities: Names: Common Illustrations: MPG); (1; Bactericide (f; MPG); Cicatrizant DAW); (1; CNS-Depressant MPG); Diuretic JFM; Analgesic (f; DAW); (1;(f; Anticonvulsant DAW); MPG); Antiinflammatory Antiseptic (1; Yaws Yedra Bush (Ma.; DAV); JFM); (Peru; SOU). (Peru; Huasca Zapo Nic.; MPG); Silvestre Vid Uvilla Silvestre (Ma.; JFM); (Mex.; MPG); Yam Wild (Ma.; JFM); SOU); Uva (Bol.; (Peru; Uvilla (Ma.; JFM); deCulebra Uva (Ma.; JFM); Cimarrona Branca (Mex.;de Zopilote MPG); Tripas (Mex.; deJudas MPG); Tumba Vaqueros (Mex.; MPG); Uva AVP);Tinto dosGentios (Brazil; Toad (Eng.; Vine DAV); Tripa deVaca (Mex.; MPG); Tripa (Eng.; Vine Season AVP); (Mex.; Tab AVP); Kanil Ta (Bel.; Kan BNA); Temecate (Mex.; AVP); Sp.; (Peru; Sapo Huasca SOU); (Ma.; JFM); LOR; MDD); Sanalotodo Wys Scratch (Ma.; JFM); (Peru; Ruipato-Huasca JFM); (Ma.; IED; Rockrope Wis(Ma.; JFM); Pudding (Ma.; JFM); Vine Pudding Bush SOU); MPB; (Ma.; (Peru; Huasca JFM); zil; Pudding Ampato MPG); Puca (Bel.; Segunda BNA); (Eng.; Vine Prenada Scn.; USN); (Bra- (Ma.; JFM); AH2; Puca Princess Poison Wyth Sp.; (Ma.; JFM); Paja (Peru; deCulebra Pinakoop LOR); (Ma.; JFM); Picamano AVP);(Haiti; (Ma.; Molonqui JFM); Bush (Mex.; (Ma.; JFM); MPG); Mary Omheimingtouw (Fwi.; AVP); desChasseurs Liane JFM); Liane (Fwi.; aEau AVP); Liane (Ma.; JFM); (Ma.; Lambrali aMinguet Liane (Ma.; JFM); Trankera deBueyHierba (Mex.; MPG); (Cr.; Iasu MPG); Isipore DLZ); (Bol.; Kaboeja di Chiriguano; MPB); AVP); Japones AVP); (Brazil; (Haiti; aUlceres Herbe Cortina (Ma.; JFM); Godmort (Bel.; BNA); AVP); AVP); (Brazil; (Brazil; deOxala Cortina dePobre (Brazil; Cortina Cortina MPB); MPB); MPG); (Brazil; Cipo Cipo Puca (Brazil; Cipo (Brazil; Puci (Ma.; Coronilla JFM); (Cuba; Caro CabujaAbie Dor.; (Ma.; Tranke JFM); Ma(Ma.; di JFM); AVP; MPG); Chirriador MPG); Bejuco (Mex.; Loco MPG); Bejuco (Cuba; Ubi MPG); Boeng Blisterbush (Ma.; JFM); Pr.;Ven.; Bejuco (Ma.; Flexible JFM); MPG); Bejuco (Bol.; deGallina DLZ); Bejuco (Cr.; Iasu (Guat.;Comemano Hon.; MPG); Bejuco (Col.; deAgua AVP); Bejuco (Cuba; deCaro Dor.; Bryony Bejuco (Col.;tard (Ma.; JFM); Castro (Col.; MPG); Bejuco MPG); Chirriador Bejuco Sp.; (Peru; Huasca Ampato LOR; MDD);Achite MPB); Trepador (Ma.; JFM); (Brazil; Anil Bas- fig (MPG) 168 PRINCESS VINE ( Cissus verticillata Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook VITACEAE (L.) Nicolson Jarvis) E. &C. + Molle (Guad.; AVP); Haiti; Mortelle Liane Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Notes: Synonyms: Downsides: Dosages: Indications: used that for another fish poison, fish for that another used “Waca,” I’d names. “huava,” similar have rather all “barbasco,” “guaca” used but are Ialready aspera Baillieria totoxicityspecies. of onetitle alluding this listed oxalate. of calcium As Sap July vesicant, 2007, contains FDA the Poisonous Database Plant r r r r around painful joints and fractures (JFM). bound Stems for (JFM). rheumatism topically, applied drunk decoction tincture Bark (JFM). FNFF = ? Jamaicans drink the decoction with coconut or condensed milk as a beverage DAW); (f; Ulcers DAW); Uterosis (f; MPG); Wounds (f; DAW). (f;Throat DAW); (f; Sprains DAV); (f; Sunburn EB30:131); Tachycardia (f; MPB); Tumors (f; (f;Pain DAW; Respirosis (f; (f; JFM); MPG); Rheumatism DAW); Sores (f; DAW); Sore (f; DAW; (1; MPG); Insomnia MPG); Itch (f; (f; Nephrosis JFM); (f; MPG); Neuralgia DLZ); (f; DAV; MPB); (f; Hoarseness DAW); Hydrocele (1; (f; Infection JFM); MPG); Inflammation (f;Headache DAW); (f; Hemorrhoids DAV; SOU); Hepatosis (f; MPG); Blood High Pressure (f;Flu EB30:131; (f; MPG); (f; Fracture DLZ; MPG); Furuncles (f; MPG); Gangrene JFM); (f;(f; DAW); Diarrhea JFM); (f; Dropsy MPB); Epilepsy (f1; DAW; MPG); Fever (f; DAW); Colitis (f; DAW); Convulsions (1; MPB); Coughs(f; EB30:131); (1; Cramps MPG); Dermatosis (f;Carbuncles DAW); (f; Cardiopathy MPB); (f; MPG); Catarrh Colds (f; DAW; EB30:131); lus Abscesses (f; (f; MPG); Anemia DAV; (f; MPB); DAW); Arthrosis (f; Asthma MPG); MPG); Tonic (f; Uterotonic (1; JFM); MPG); Vesicant (f; DAW). (f; DAW); (f; (f; Emmenagogue Febrifuge JFM); DAW); Sedative (1; MPG); Stomachic (f; (1; MPG); Backache (1; (f; Bacteria JFM); MPG); Boils (f; DAW); (f; Bruises DAW); problems (X17040567).problems Tobago and Trinidad In it isconsidered “cooling,” for used cholesterol high urinary and (MPG). afflictions apply gangliar leaves and heated Dominicans tofuruncles cough (MPG). and preferably decoction, catarrh, root a/o useleaf, stem, Cubans for fresh, asthma, sapfor usethe epilepsy (MPB). Amazonians Aubl.; Aubl.; WACA ( WACA Clibadium asperum asperum Clibadium Clibadium surinamense Dioscorea ASTERACEAE . (Aubl.) DC.;(USN). fide L.) + Bacil- 219 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 220 Downsides: Dosages: Indications: Activities: Names: Common Synonyms: Extracts: Downsides: Dosages: Indications: Activities: Names: Common (X10540979). toxic toinactivate the hydrocyanic glycosides isnecessary chaya present in Cooking leaves FNFF = !! Other species, like this one, cooked and eaten like spinach (FAC; JAD) (1;Diabetes X17531147). (1;Antidiabetic X17531147); (1; Antioxidant X14709023); (1; Insulinogenic X17531147). (Sp.; USN); Copapayo (Sp.; USN). (Eng.; USN);Cabbage-Star Tree-Spinach (Eng.; (Fr.; USN); Bâtard USN); Manioc Chaya aconitifolia Jatropha mice); cunaniol acetate identified as the convulsant compound (X16616455). compound the convulsant as identified mice); acetate cunaniol p.o. (22.5–360 convulsant mg/kg, leaves and and stems ofHexane extract the CNS-stimulant to toxicity species. of this (X16616455). titles alluding of As July 2007, three FDA listed the Poisonous Database Plant mice in followed seizures 30min induced extract Neurotoxic. by within leaf death Ethanolic r FNFF = ! (f;Parasites Wounds JFM); (f; JFM). MPB); (f;JFM; Erysipelas (f; MPB); JFM); Diarrhea JFM; (f; Freckles Itch (f; JFM); JFM); (f; MPB);Anemia JFM; (f; Chlorosis MPB); Colds (f; (f; Colic (f; Dermatosis JFM); JFM); X16616455); Parasiticide (f; Piscicide (1; JFM); IED); Tonic (f; MPB); Toxic (1; X16616455).Bitter (f; MPB); (1; CNS-Stimulant X16616455); (1; Convulsant X16616455); Neurotoxic (1; SAR). Ma(Barasana; Nee Ee SAR); Toteo (Secoya; SAR); Waca GMJ); Tupa Sp.; (Peru; LOR; MDD); (Palikur; Kamwi Wy SAR);(Miranya; Senyamba (Kofan; SAR); Topa Blanc (Creole; Sur.; Toteeo GMJ); (Secoya; X16616455); (Brazil; Cunambi (Col.; Guaco SAR); Sp.; (Peru; Huaco LOR); Koo Mapre MPB); (Creole; (Sa.; (Brazil; RAR); Batard Conambi Conami RAR); Sur.; Counami GMJ); Barbasco (Col.; Sp.; DAV; SAR); Barbasco (Ma.; Amarillo JFM); Conabi (Brazil; Sa.; MPB; Brazilians bathe erysipelas and wounds flower erysipelas with and bathe (JFM). decoction and leaf Brazilians TREE SPINACH ( SPINACH TREE Mill. (basionym);Mill. (USN). fide Cnidoscolus aconitifolius EUPHORBIACEAE Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook (Mill.) Johnst.) I.M. ++ Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Common Names: Common Notes: Synonyms: Illustrations: Extracts: (Guat.; AVP); (Eng.; Kino AUS); Jamaica (Eng.; USN); Kina Jamaican Garrote Juan wood (Eng.; Hueso (Pan.; AVP); JFM); Hueson deNegro (Col.; AVP); Irayol deMontanya TAN);(China; (Japan; Noki Hamudo TAN); Hopwood (Bwi.; Eng.; AUS; Horse- JFM); (Cuba; AUS); (Dom.; Por.; Guiabara AUS; AVP); P’u Hai (Ma.; Tao Guibasa JFM); (Bel.;Grape Sur.; Vi.; AUS; AVP; BNA; (Por.; Guajabara JFM); AVP); Guaya-Conejo (Dwi.; (Arg.; AUS; Druifi Duraznillo JFM); JFM); (Eng.; AVP);Rhatany False AUS); (Sur.;la Mar AUS);(Dwi.;(Dwi.; Sur.;dieLamon Druif AUS; Dreifi JFM); AUS; AVP; Blanco (Ma.; AUS;(Dutch; Cumare (Ma.; JFM); Dreifi JFM); Corralero AVP); Dreifi de (Cr.; Caliente Carro AVP);JFM); Coccoloba AVP); (Peru; Por.; Cocoloba (Brazil; USN); Bois (Fwi.; Baguette AVP); Buisbasa (Wi.; AUS); (Col.; Calentura AVP); (Ma.; Camere (Bwi.;Grape AUS); Eng.; Bihcô:Bî JFM); (Mikasuka; (Ma.; AUS; Boga dePraia JFM); (Por.;Praia IED); AVP); Baya (Garifuna; (Ma.; AUS; dePraga Baíbai Barána Bay JFM); (Ven.; (Por.; dePipa Aragueque AUS); Arco AVP); (Ma.; JFM); Arahueque Baga da Agraz (Col.; Ma.; AUS; “Iwaof the Agwe” (VOD). JFM); habitation tree preferred isthe ortree shrub coastal characteristically vodou, this Haitian In American Kino (Eng.;Guaiabara uvifera AUS); Anyalquefig(IED); 96 p (Peru;(TTS);398 (L&W) p 83 AVP); plant (X15826042).mg/100 gof dry (X14709023). extracts cooked the 27–52 plant; lutein 140–193 Beta-carotene mg/100 gdry O-glycosides quercetin-3-O-glycosides, and raw antioxidant activity than higher in had rather byand 43.7% severely in (X17531147). mice diabetic kaempferol-3- extracts, containing Leaf glucose levels decreasing insulinogenic, extract Leaf by 25.6% mice, moderately diabetic in SEA GRAPE ( GRAPE SEA House; Polygonum uvifera POLYGONACEAE Coccoloba uvifera L. (L.) L.) ++ L.) (L.) 221 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 222 Dosages: Indications: Activities: r r r r r r r (AUS). berries fermented many too eating from drunk mockingbird aFlorida seeing FNFF = !! Fruits edible raw or in jams, jellies, or in wine (AUS; FAC). Austin even recounts Wounds (f; JFM). (f; Itch (f;Incontinence JFM); VOD); (f; Rashes Sores (f; JFM); IED); (f; VD DAW; JFM); tion (f; Fever JFM); (f; AUS; DAW; VOD); (f; (f; Hemorrhoids Hoarseness JFM); JFM); VOD); (f; Dysentery AUS; AHL; DAW; VOD); Dyspepsia (f; IED); Enuresis (f; Erup- JFM); (f; (f; Dermatosis (1; VOD); IED; Cancer JFM); Childbirth (f; FNF); DAW; AHL; Diarrhea (f; (f; Bleeding VOD); (f; Asthma JFM); JFM; Anemia JFM); (f; Blennorrhagia VOD); DAW). DAW); (f; Astringent DAW; VOD); (f; Febrifuge AUS; DAW); Hemagenic (f; Tonic JFM); (f; (f; DAW);Antidiarrheal Antidysenteric (f; DAW); (1; Antitumor Antivenereal (f; FNF); (Sur.;AVP; AVP); Zeedruif JFM); (Sur.; Zusterdruif AUS; JFM). (Trin.; AUS); (Bwi.; Grape Wild Eng.; Hon.; AUS; AVP);(Dutch; Sur.; Zeedreifi AUS; (Dor.; AUS; AVP); Blanco Virao (Arg.; AVP); (Eng.; West Kino AUS); Indian Wezen Dom.; Mex.; Ven.; AUS; AVP); Uvero Macho (Col.; Dor.; Ven.; AUS; AVP; Uvilla JFM); Sp.; Ven.; AUS; AVP; USN); EGG; Uvero deMonte (Trin.; AVP); Uvero dePlaya (Cr.; USN); Uva Silvestre (Por.; AVP); Uverna (Sp.; IED); Uvero (Col.; Mex.; Cuba; Pan.; Pr.; (Hon.; Mex.; Pan.; Pr.; Peru; Sp.; Ven.; AUS; AVP; USN); Por.; EGG; Uva (Brazil; doMar Uva (Dor.; delaCosta AUS); Uva (Dor.; deMar Mex.; Pr.; AUS); AHL; Uva dePlaya AUS;AHL; AVP; RyM; USN); (Por.; Uva-da-Praia USN); Uva (Ma.; JFM); deGaleta Bord deMer (Fwi.;Raisin AUS); Uva (Dor.; Mex.; AUS); Uva (Cuba; Caleta Dor.; Sp.; (Ger.;Seetraube AVP); (Eng.; Shoregrape (Eng.; TAN); USN); Shore Sea-Grape Squinom (Eng.; SeaGrape Scn.; USN; AH2; JFM); VOD); (Fwi.; AUS; Seaside Grape AVP; VOD); d’Mè (Creole; d’AmeriqueUSN); Raisinier Haiti; (Fr.; AVP); laMer (Fr.; AUS); Raisin AHL; Haiti; Rézen VOD); (Fwi.; AVP); aGrappes AHL);Haiti; R’zen Raisinier Bord deMer (Fr.; Raisinier Fwi.; AUS; Lann MP (Creole;AUS); (Sp.; deJamaica Quinino AHL); (Col.; Quino Ma.; AUS; deFer (Fr.; Raisin JFM); Haiti; AVP);wood (Eng.; (Bwi.; (Peru; Platterleaf USN); Ma.; JFM); VOD); (Ai.; Purgua Quiabara Schusterdruif AVP); Papaton (Ca.; (Sal.; AVP); (Cr.; Papaturro Papalón Hon.; Sal.; AVP); (Nic.; JFM); AVP; Extranjero AVP); Papaturro (Pan.; Pigeon- (Ma.; Mulato Palo VOD); Haiti; (Creole; Wouj (Bel.; Mex.; AVP; BNA); Nula (Cuna; AUS; IED); Rouge Paletuvier (Fr.; AVP); Palétuvyé Micongo (Col.;Miconga (Ma.; JFM); AUS; (Col.; IED); Murta Ma.; AUS; Niichhe JFM); (Mex.;zano AUS; AVP); (Arawak; Matora Sur.; AUS); (Ger.; Meertraubenbaum USN); Tree Mangrove (Eng.; Grape JFM); AUS); (Mex.; Extranjero Sp.; Manzana AUS); Man- (Ger.;Lappenbeere AVP); Manggel (Curacao; Sabbana die AUS); deFalda (Ma.; Mangle (Col.; Ma.; AUS; (Creek; Ki:Horáko AUS); JFM); (Maya; Mex.; Kiichhe AUS; AVP); and hemorrhage (VOD). hemorrhage and dysentery, diarrhea, for decoction stem blennorrhagia, and root, fruit, the take Haitians fever and for (VOD). decoction diarrhea bark the take Haitians (VOD). for dermatoses bath itching abark in bathe Haitians (JFM). dysentery and juice for diarrhea fruit fresh take Guyanans (JFM). hoarseness and for decoction asthma leaf usethe Cubans (JFM). for decoction root puerperium the for wine anemia, the take Islanders Caicos (JFM). rashes and tohemorrhoids apply decoction root Islanders Caicos the Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Synonyms: Illustrations: Downsides: Synonyms: Extracts: Extracts: Downsides: Dosages: Indications: Activities: Names: Common Commelina elegans elegans Commelina p 232 (AUS) If the anthaquinones in in anthaquinones the If Bombax vitifolium vitifolium Bombax virtues, so will the anthraquinones here. anthraquinones the sowill virtues, If the anthaquinones in in anthaquinones the If totoxicity species. titles of alluding this here. of As July 2007, three FDA listed the Poisonous anthraquinones Database the Plant latory latory =21.94+/–6.87 (IC50 at 100 (X16978815). mg/kg μg/ml) immunomodu- extract Stem bark relaxation endothelium-dependent blood glucose an levels; produced extract bark methanolic (IC50 =14.42+/–5.90 at120 mg/kg rings showed of also and decrease μg/ml) significant rat aorta on showed relaxation extract endothelium-independent Hexane bark asignificant species. of totoxicityAs July of 2007,this onetitle alluding FDA listed the Poisonous Database Plant FNFF = ! X16978815); (f1; Pressure Blood High X16978815); (f1; (1; Syndrome Metabolic X16978815). Hepatitis X16978815); (f1; Diabetes X16978815); (1; Immunomodulant X15500263); Vasorelaxant (f1; X16978815). (1;Angiotensin-Inhibitor X11292241); Hepatoprotective (f1; X16978815); Hypoglycemic (f1; USN). juche (Sp.; (Sp.; USN); Rosa USN); Amarilla Tecomasúchil (Sp.; USN); Tecomasuche (Sp.; Comasuche (Sp.; USN); Huevos (Sp.; del Burro USN); (Sp.; Pumpumjuche USN); Pumpun- hibiscoides AT1 50% (X11292241). morethan receptor in vitro COMASUCHE ( (Kunth) Kuntze; (X15500263). II angiotensin inhibited extract Methanol:dicloromethane bark RC DAYFLOWER ( ERECT Willd. (basionym);Willd. Kunth; Kunth; Aloe Aloe Cochlospermum vitifolium Commelina virginica , , M. vitifolia vitifolia M. Rhamnus Rhamnus COMMELINACEAE BIXACEAE , , Rheum Rheum Cochlospermum hibiscoides hibiscoides Cochlospermum (Willd.) Krug &Urb.;(Willd.) Krug (USN). fide Commelina erecta , , Senna Senna auct.;(BNA; fide USN). , etc. prove tohave adownside sowill , etc. prove tohave positive medicinal (Willd.) Spreng.) + L.) + Kunth; Kunth; Maximilianea Maximilianea 223 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 224 Dosages: Indications: Activities: Names: Common Synonyms: Illustrations: Notes: r r r r r r r r (UPW). Western in Africa poultry and horses, FNFF = ! I tend to eat any species but find that Burkill refers to it being fed to camels, cattle, (f; MPG); (f; Rashes Ophthalmia (f; MPG); Sterility EB31:304). MPG); Itch (f; (f; HOC; MPG); Leucorrhea MPG); Nervousness (f; (f; AHL); Oliguria AHL); (f; MPG); FeverErythema (f; AHL); Hepatosis (f; (f; (f; MPG); Herpes MPG); Infertility (f;Bleeding MPG); Conjunctivosis (f; (f; MPG); Cramps AHL); (f; Dermatosis HOC; MPG); (f; AHL). (f;Antispasmodic AHL); (f; Diuretic AHL); Emollient (f; HOC); (f; Febrifuge AHL); Nervine AHL).(Haiti; (Nscn). Ya’ax (Maya; HaXiu Mex.; AUS); Yerba Lucia(Uru.; MPG); deSanta Z’Herbe Marron Maïs Mex.;(Huastec; AUS); Mouth Dayflower White (Eng.; AUS); (Maya;X-Habul-Ha AUS); (Eng.;Spiderwort HOC); Suelda Consuelda (Dor.; AHL); (Car.; Tamakusi Sur.; AUS); Utek’ AUS); (Koasati; Ahissi (Ghana; Oki UPW); Tsá Pah (Maya; AUS); MPG); Lucia(Uru.; Santa (Bel.; AUS); (Mex.; AHL); (Haiti; Sal.; Mataliste AUS); Marron Maïs Nyame Bewu Na Mawu (Tex.; AUS); DAV); Blanca (Peru; Gomez MPG); (Uru.; Bamboo Little Leandro Flower (Eng.; AUS); Erect Dayflower (Eng.; USN); Espuelitas (Sp.;Sen.; Canutillo UPW); AUS); (Mex.; Consuelda (Dor.; AHL); Day Flower HOC); (Fla.; DewAUS); Hierba de Pollo Bluebird (Nic.; AUS); (Dor.; Botoncillo AHL); Burabaya (Nig.; Ba Bura (Mali; Bura UPW); Conyza albidas Conyza p 108 (MPG) In Peru, from Amazonian to ca. 4,000 m. 4,000 toca. Amazonian from Peru, In sis Yorubans enemy tocauseitch the (UPW). in invoke incantation plant in the itch and (MPG). rashes, hepatosis, herpes, erythema, dermatosis, flowers mucilaginous usethe decoction in Uruguayans conjunctivosis,for bleeding, for (MPG). decoction leucorrhea useleaf Uruguayans itch (AUS; and irritations usesaptosoothe Seminoles HOC). (MPG). fertility topromote extract aqueous the womenParaguayan take (MPG). nervine and febrifuge, diuretic, view antispasmodic, as Haitians the aqueous take Ecuadorians root extract as anticontraceptive (MPG). vision the (AUS;clarify MPG). sap, fresh orwater flowers, caught Bolivians,Mexicans a/o usethe in Belizeans, to .(basionym); L. LXLA FLEABANE ( FLAX-LEAF ; C. ambigua C. E. crispus crispus E. ; Pourr.; (EGG; USN). fide C. bonariensis Conyza bonariensis bonariensis Conyza ASTERACEAE Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook ; C. floribunda (L.) Cronquist) + ; C. linifolia C. ; Erigeron bonarien- Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Notes: Extracts: Downsides: Dosages: Indications: Activities: Names: Common Synonyms: Illustrations: Zn pollution.Zn (X15559831). wish toavoid might Grazers it areas. polluted in Cd-Pb-Cu- Cdand tolerate of high and concentration Cd, high accumulate can species This canadense Leptilon (X11576616). 170+/–12 and μM (IC50 oxidase =500+/–41 xanthine respectively)slightly inhibit μM, 8-O-glucuronide takakin acid and Syringic (MPG). at50 μg/ml Hydroalcohol antiviral extract five totoxicityspecies. alluding listed this titles of Database ous Plant but browsedPerhaps toxic (MPG) Asof by tocattle July goats (UPW). 2007, FDA the Poison- r r r r FNFF = ? (f; (f; MPG); VD (1; MPG); Viruses MPG). Hepatosis (f; (1; MPG); Infection MPG); Mycosis (1; (f; MPG); Oliguria MPG); Rheumatism (f;entery (f; MPG); Dysuria (1; MPG); Fungus (f; MPG); Gonorrhea MPG); Gout (f; MPG); (f; MPG);(1; Cardiopathy Arthrosis MPG); Congestion (f; (f; MPG); MPG); Diarrhea Dys- (1; MPG); Positive (1; (1; Inotropic X11576616). MPG); Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor (1; (f; X12967039); MPG);Hypouricemic IL-4-Inhibitor (f; Insecticide MPG); Natriuretic cide (1; (1; MPG); Gamma-Interferon-Inhibitor X12967039); Hepatoprotective (f; MPG); (1;MPG); CNS-Depressant (f; MPG); Decongestant (f1; MPG); Diuretic MPG); Fungi- (1;Allergenic X743885); (1; Anticholinergic (1; MPG); Antiviral (1; MPG); Cardiotonic MPG). (Nscn). Tabaquilla (Pan.; TBC); Wavy-Leaf (Eng.; Fleabane Nz.; USN); Yerba (Uru.; Carnicera (Aust.; Fleabane EGG); (Peru; Flax-Leaf (Uru.; MPG); Cola deZorro Eng.;Carnicera USN); Erigeron canadensis (AH366) 197 fig tery, gonorrhea, gout, and rheumatism (MPG). tery, gout, rheumatism and gonorrhea, using for dysen- hypouricemic, hepatoprotective, and diuretic, view as Uruguayans tea (UPW). sorethroat and for decoction ringworm leaf take Sotho (EGG). usemedicinally Peruvians (MPG). VD tion, and conges- hepatic dysuria, hepatoprotective, and febrifuge, using fordiuretic, diarrhea, Argentinians use aqueous extract as anthelmintic, antirheumatic, astringent, digestive, AAAFLEABANE ( CANADA Britt.; Britt.; .(basionym); L. .pusillumL. Conyza canadensis canadensis Conyza ASTERACEAE E. paniculatus E. Britt.; Britt.; Senecio liliatus liliatus Senecio Lam.; (L.) Cronquist) + E. pusillus Walt.; JFM; USN).(BUR; fide Nutt.; Nutt.; E. strictus DC.; 225 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 226 Dosages: Indications: Activities: Names: Common future preparation. EO used in candy, soft drinks, and spice mixes (FAC). spice and mixes candy, in EOused preparation. drinks, soft Topsfuture as consumed FNFF = ! Japanese eat the young leaves and seedlings boiled, cooked with rice, or dried for (f; PHR); Wounds (f; BUR; DEM). (f;rhagia PHR); BUR; MAX; Uterosis (f; PH2); (f; UTIs PH2); PHR; (f; VD DEM); Worms (f;Sprains DEM); Stomachache (f; (f; DEM); Sunburn DEM); Tumors (f; FAD; Uteror- JLH); (f; Ringworm FAD);DEM; JFM); Bite Snake (f; (f; DEM); Sore Throat DEM; PH2); PHR; (f; VOD); (f; Pain DEM; VOD); (f; Pulmonosis BUR); (f; Rheumatism PH2); (f; Rhinosis AUS; DEM); Liver (f; Spots (f; DEM); Menorrhagia PH2); (f; Nephrosis FAD); Nervousness (1;sure PNC); Hysteria (f; (f1; DEM); Inflammation PHR; VOD;X3725873); Leukorrhea (f; (f;Hematochezia BUR); (f; Hemorrhoids FAD; PH2); Hepatosis (f; PH2); Blood High Pres- (f;Granuloma PH2); Gravel (f; BUR; FAD); (f; Headache BUR; DEM); Colds Head (f; DEM); HHB); Fever (f; DEM; VOD); (f; Gastrosis FAD; PH2); (f; Gout (f; Gonorrhea JFM); PH2); (f; FAD); (f1; Edema PH2; PHR; VOD; JFM; X3725873); Enterosis (f; FAD); (f; Epistaxis PH2); (f; PHR); Dysentery MAX; (f; Dysmenorrhea PH2); (f; Dysuria BUR; FAD); Eczema (f; (f;Dermatosis (f; DEM); Diabetes DEM; Diarrhea FAD; (f; Dropsy BUR; MAX); JFM); sions (f; DEM); Coughs (f; AUS; DEM; FAD); (f; Cramps DEM); Cystosis (f; FAD; PH2); (f; DEM); Cholecystosis (f; FAD; PH2); Colds (f; AUS; DEM); Congestion (f; DEM); Convul- PH2); PHR; JFM; Bronchosis (f; PH2); FAD; (f; MAX; Cancer PH2); JFM; JLH; Childbirth Acne (f; (f; (f; DEM); DEM); Asthma Arthrosis DEM); Backache (f; DEM); (f; Bleeding BUR; (f;PNC); Sudorific Sternutatory DEM; JFM); (f; DEM); Tonic PNC).JFM; (f; BUR; gent (f; BUR; FAD); (f; Diuretic BUR; FAD; (f; Hemostat JFM); BUR; PHR); Hypotensive (1; (f;(f1; PH2); PHR; VOD;X3725873); Antiinflammatory Antioxidant (1; X16973495);Astrin- (f; PHR);Anthelmintic (1; Antiaggregant X16973495); (f; Anticonvulsant DEM); Antiedemic (Muskogee; Luste AUS);Vtakru (Cuba; (Creole; JTR); aPik Zèb Zancaraña VOD). Haiti; AUS);Tackro:Cî (Mikasuk; Ts’iitsil (Mex.; Xiu Vergerette (Fr.; MAX); duCanada AVP); Scabious (Eng.; BUR); Squawweed (Eng.; EFS; Tabak JLH); aDjab (Creole; VOD); Haiti; (Dor.; AHL); (Eng.; Prideweed AUS; Saeppola (It.; EFS); WIN); BUR; EFS); (Hocak; Rake (Pr.;cueta AVP); AUS); (Pr.; (Nahuatl; JTR); Pazcueta (Dor.; Pazitillo AHL); Pinillo Pinito EFS); Mare’s Tail (Eng.; BUR); No’sowini AUS); (Meskwaki; (Pr.; Orozuz AVP; JTR); Pas- (Ger.; (Ger.; (Tur.; EFS);Flohkraut Dürrwurz EFS); Kanadisches Kanadisches Kanaryaotu MawonUSN); Kamomi (Creole; (Ger.; VOD); Haiti; EFS; Berufkraut USN); Kanadisches FAC); Hogweed (Eng.; (Usa.; BUR; USN); AUS); Horsetail Horseweed (Eng.; BUR; CR2; (Fr.;des Francais AVP); (Mex.; deBurro Hierba AUS); Yomogi Himewmukashi (Japan; (Ger.;senkraut EFS); Gababi’kwuna’tig (Ojibwa; AUS); Ha’mo U’teawe AUS); (Zuni; Herbe (Fr.; AVP); Fireweed (Eng.; BUR); (Eng.; Fleabane BUR; CR2); (Dwi.; AUS); Foxtail Franzo- ole; VOD); Haiti; (Fr.; Erigeròn (Guad.; EFS); duCanada Erigeron AVP); Fausse Camomille Colt’s Tail (Eng.; BUR); (Fr.; Lobée VOD); Conize (Fr.; Conyze duCanada AVP); (Cre- Delis Canhlo’Gan USN); Was’temna CR2; (Eng.; Iye’cece AUS); (Lakota; AVP); Horseweed (Brazil; deRaposa Cauda (Na.; Cocash JLH); Canadian USN); CR2; (Eng.; Fleabane Canadian (Eng.; (Eng.; Butterweed Coltstail EFS); (Dutch; EFS); EFS); Canadian Canadian straalkraud BUR); (Eng.; Erigeron BUR); Canada (Eng.; Fleabane Scn.; Fijn- Canada AH2); Canadees BUR); Blood (Eng.; Staunch BUR); Weed Butter (Eng.; BUR; USN); Button Weed (Eng.; Sun’ti (; AUS); (Dor.; AHL); Barilla Bittersweet (Eng.; BUR); Bitter Weed (Eng.; (Cuba;Anisillo JTR); (Creek; Atackro:Lasti AUS); Atackto:Lasti (Creek; AUS); Atsil (Cuba; JTR); Silvestre Achicoria Cimarrona Achicoria (Cuba; JTR); Ajila (Cherokee; AUS); Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Common Names: Common Extracts: Downsides: Copahu (Fr.;Copahu USN); (Eng.; Copaiba USN); Copaiva (Ger.; USN); Diesel Tree (Eng.; JAD). quercetin, and rhamnetin also have (X2179716). also mutagenic properties rhamnetin and quercetin, luteolin Flavonoids isohamnetin, apigenin, spasmolytic (FNF). and repellent, cide, insect fungi- bactericide, antioxidant, antinociceptive, antimutagenic, analgesic, allergenic, edly (orlnematocide, sedative, =4,600 (LD50 spasmolytic, viricide and rat)); report- myrcene ventive, candidistat, enterocontractant, expectorant, fungistat, insect-repellent, insecticide, cancer-pre- &prostate), bactericide, pancreas antiviral, (breast, genic, antitumor antiseptic, allelochemic, antiacetylcholinesterase, anticancer,(X3725873). antifeedant, unidentified) three and Limonene antiflu, gamma-cadinene cuparene, beta-santalene, antilithic, antimuta- (alpha-curcumene, beta-himachalene, hydrocarbons of eight fraction sesquiterpenic ether oedema (rats), petroleum in highestandactivity with formalin carrageenin in flammatory antioxidant(X16973495). and polysaccharide extract antiaggregant The antiin- Extract 17listed totoxicity species. titles of alluding this hay fever,mild U.S. the atleast in (EFS). Asof July 2007, FDA the Poisonous Database Plant May (FAD; cause JFM). animals of grazing throats and nostrils irritates humans; matosis in (PH2). not recorded” dosages are May of therapeutic designated causeder- administration 1(AHP).Class orside (PHR); None effects following recorded risks “Health proper the r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r ml EO (PNC). 0.01–0.25 extract; liquid 3cups/dayfood ml (DEM). by Miwok (PH2); or2tsp Indians 4–8 diabetes, dysentery, and uterine hemorrhage (JFM). dysentery, hemorrhage diabetes, uterine and afflictions, for tonic, also bronchial diuretic as decoction astringent Yucatanese take (DEM). plant onto sunburn crushed Western the Keres rub DEM). nose (AUS; plant for stuffy and colds, take congestion,Seminoles coughs, sorethroat, (JLH). tumors to hard apply or tincture decoction Americans North flowers (JFM). nose their sternutatory up for rhinitis New the Mexicans stuff infection” (DEM). “prenatal Navajo useplant lotion for with hotplant onbabes bite, pimples the orsnake poulticing agent sweat in (DEM). baths asteaming useherbas Mesquaki (DEM). whole plant (with infuse Iroquois of convulsions fever another) roots and for childhood for (AUS; infusion leukorrhea hotroot take Indians Houma DEM). plant ontemples for orrub Hopi (DEM). poultice headache apply (DEM). Hawaiians expressed juice sprains tobackache, sorejoints, and rhage (JFM). giveCubans (50 shoot tea hemor- and herb/100 gfresh edema, gwater) for diarrhea, (DEM). useplant forCree diarrhea stomachache (DEM). for and decoction femaleChippewa weakness useleaf/root (DEM). for infusion diarrhea useleaf Cahuila (5 (JFM). gwater) decoction gonorrhea in 300 take gherbin diuretic as Argentinians DIESEL TREE ( TREE DIESEL CAESALPINIACEAE Copaifera langsdorffii Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.) + 227 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 228 Synonyms: Illustrations: Extracts: Downsides: Dosages: Indications: Activities: Copaifera paupera fig (DAV)74 ( kaurenoic acid, known to have antiinflammatory, diuretic, and diuretic, hypotensive effects tohave known acid, kaurenoic antiinflammatory, for larvicidal Oil totoxicityspecies. two of titles alluding this listed base (JAD). tingling and of As July irritation with 2007, FDAattended the Poisonous Data- Plant measles resembling eruption causesan and breath, and urine tothe odor apeculiar imparting whole the fever. mucous and membrane, bloody urine, causing strangury, irritates resin The Not covered (PH2). (AHP). causestomach dosespurgative pain emetic, Large 5gcan and FNFF = ? ½–1 g capsule (MAD); 25–30 drops tincture 3×/day (MAD). (1; X12458476). Wounds PH2); (f; Rheumatism MAD); Tumors (1; X12165328); (1; UTIs PH2); (F; JAD; VD MAD); (1; PH2); (f; Leucorrhea JAD); Mucososis (f; PH2); (f; Psoriasis (f; MAD); Pulmonosis MAD; JAD; MAD); (1; Infection JAD; PH2);(f1; Inflammation PH2; X14567068);Kidney Stones (f;Gas JAD); (1; Gastrosis X9720615); (f; Gonorrhea DAW; JAD; MAD); (f; Hemorrhoids (f; JAD); (f; Dropsy JAD; MAD); (f; Dysuria MAD); (f; Eczema DAW); Fever (f; MAD); X15182904); Constipation (f; JAD); Cystosis (f; JAD; (f; MAD); Dermatosis DAW); Diarrhea Cancer, colon (1; X12165328); (f; JAD); Catarrh (f; Chilblains JAD); Colitis (1; X14567068; (1;Bacteria PH2); Bronchosis (f; JAD); (1; Cancer X12165328); Cancer, (1; breast X12165328); X12722132). (1; X11330343; X11526330; X15134830); (1; Antiseptic Urinary PH2); Uterorelaxant (1; JAD); (1; Larvicide X16253435); Laxative (f; JAD); (f; Stimulant JAD); Trypsin-Inhibitor (f;Emetic JAD); (f; Expectorant JAD); (1; Gastroprotective X9720615); Hydragogue (f; native (f; JAD); (1; Cytotoxic X12165328); (f; Diuretic JAD); Embryotoxic (1; X12165328); (1; Antitumor X12165328); Bactericide (1; PH2); Calcium-Blocker (1; X12722132); Carmi- X14567068; X15182904); (1; X14567068); Antiinflammatory Antiseptic (1; JAD; PH2); (1; breast Anticancer, X12165328); colon Anticancer, (1; X12165328); Anticolitic (1; (200–400 mg/kg), and wound healing (X12458476; wound and healing mg/kg), X9720615).(200–400 (X14567068; X15182904); lesions rats in gastric induced in gastroprotective oleo-resin bark respectively) 50–100 mg/kg, and mg/kg (200–400 rats colitis-induced protectivehad effect in colon) and (breast 45% (X12165328; X12722132; X16182426). kaurenoic acid Oleo-resinand otoxic (sea embryo), urchin genotoxic (95%), (ant at78 antileukemic μM), anticancer and cytotoxic, muscle smooth uterorelaxant antimicrobial, and C. reticulataC. COPAIBA ( Aedes aegypti (Herzog) Dwyer; ) Copaifera officinalis Copaifera officinalis , LC50 =41 (X16253435), μg/l diterpene the in rich isalso CAESALPINIACEAE Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Copaiva officinalis (Jacq.) L.) + Jacq. (basionym);(USN). fide in vitro , is also shown embry- tobe , isalso in vivo in , Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Indications: Activities: Names: Common Notes: tosis (f; DAW; (f; JAD); Diarrhea RAI); EGG; Dislocation (f; DLZ); (f; Dropsy JAD; MAD); (f; Derma- Cystosis (f; Coughs RAI); (f; RAI); RAI); Dandruff EGG; DLZ; JAD; RAI); MAD; (f; (f; MPG); Chilblains Colds JAD; (f; RAI); EGG); Colic (f; MD2); Constipation (f; MPB; Cancer, lung (2 (f1;RAI); (1; Carcinoma ×5-Fluorouacil) RAI); MPG; Catarrh EGG; RAI); MPG; (f1; colon EGG; Cancer, RAI); MPG; (f1; EGG; breast Cancer, RAI); MPG; EGG; (f;Blennorrhagia MPG); Bronchosis (f; (f; Burns DLZ; MD2); RAI); DLZ; EGG; (f1; Cancer (f; (f; EGG); MD2); Asthma EGG; (f1;Arthritis Bacteria (f; Bleeding PH2; RAI); RAI); (f1;Vulnerary RAI). MPG; (f;Stimulant JAD); (1; Stomachic Antiseptic (f; MPG); PH2); Urinary Vermifuge (f; RAI); (f; JAD); Hypotensive (f; MPG); Laxative (f; MPB); Mucolytic (f; (f; Secretolytic RAI); RAI); Fungicide (f1;JAD; (f1; RAI); Gastroprotective (f; Hemostat Hydragogue RAI); RAI); RAI); JAD); (f; (f; Emetic Diuretic RAI); JAD; MPB); Emollient (f; (f; Expectorant HOE; RAI); (f1; Antiulcer (1; Bactericide RAI); RAI); (f; (f; Balsamic PH2; MPG); RAI); Carminative PR15:476; X3352280); (f1; Antiseptic (f; Antitussive JAD; Antitumor (f; RAI); PH2; RAI); (1;Analgesic (f; (f; Antiedemic Antacid RAI); RAI); PR15:476); (1;MPB; Antiinflammatory EGG); Wonshish MD2); Peru; (Amahuaca; Yapicaé DLZ). (Bol.; Chiriguano; MPB);Pau deÓleo (Brazil; Venezuela (Eng.; Copaiba AH2); Vonshiish Peru; (Amahuaca; (Sa.;isihuati Tsacati EGG); Namboman (Shipibo/Conibo; EGG); RAR); Palo deAceite (Peru; (Sa.; EGG); MD2); Mat- Marimari Kopnu Yine; (Amarakaeri; MD2); (Piro; Kupedn Kupedn (Sp.; MTB); (Brazil; USN); Jesuit’s Jatobá-Mirim (Eng.); Balsam MD2); (Matsigenka; Kempe MPB); RAR); Copaíva DAV);(Peru; (Brazil; (Peru; Copal Copayer (Fr.; USN); Copayero USN);IED; (Ger.; Copaibabaum MPB); Verdadeira USN); (Brazil; Negra Copaiba Copaíba IED); (Fr.; Copahu USN); (Eng.; (Eng.; Copaiba USN) Balsam Copaiba Scn.; IED; AH2; (Shipibo/Conibo;siati (Conibo; EGG); Bunxix (Col.; EGG); (Pan.; IED); Cabimo Canime (Eng.; IED); Bois deSang (Fr.; USN); Bonshish (Shipibo/Conibo; MD2); Bonshish Mati- Aciete (Sp.; Ná USN); (Ese Akui (HOE). for sources they’ll these energy alternative that revisitingbet like be concepts of adiesel-powered you of fuel rises, tank energy can price the car. the in As directly placed be can But liquid show tests the for that non-energy-related purposes. emollient and other an few jungle, as natives are the hydrocarbon diesels the Since there in usethe hydrocarbon. the put it. into abung Every orso, 6months remove they 15 collect of and bung to20liters the and hole 1-meter the into trunk thick a5-centimeter (GMH).litres” drill Natives reportedly 1625, in England in was reported “… trunk toyield …said the incising a single about 40 tree USDA (USN)). “copaiba” obtained be could oleoresin database called the nomenclature That the above.the Egg (1999) both aggregates RAI, may apply to any of these, the so-called “diesel may tree” apply so-called toany ofRAI, the these, Copaifera multijuga for name common standardized the giveal. order. et approach isin generic (2000) McGuffin broad-brush as “copaiba” a rather four.apply well have toall properly, equally vouchered But all studied been and until Ithink below indications the that they refer and suspect four tooneof scientific the names, certain almost Iam party. interested by same the gathered voucher are the and resin specimens the ever unless rarelyif can resins authenticated, of be the studies species. So variable the highly of collections may by represent wild the often amixture non-taxonomists, the in Collected composition chemical of complex isabout as The copaiba and of myrrh. that as Hane and and Hane Copaifera reticulata ’ eja; (Ocn.; Copaiba MD2); AH2); Capivi Aracaibo Balsam Copaifera officinalis C. officinalis and Ducke. Taylor (2005) entries below, as below, as entries Taylor (2005) Ducke. C. reticulataC. , and “Brazilian copaiba” for both “Brazilian , and Copaifera langsdorffii under C. paupera , oroneof (not in in (not 229 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 230 Extracts: Downsides: Dosages: (X12357392). Oleoresin from Brazilian Brazilian (X12357392). from Oleoresin lines cell four cancer moderately cytotoxic against and tocephotaxime, comparable bacteria, ( Oleoresin totoxicityspecies. two of titles alluding this listed base (JAD). tingling and of As July irritation with 2007, FDAattended the Poisonous Data- Plant measles resembling eruption causesan breath; and urine tothe odor apeculiar imparting whole the fever. mucous and membrane, bloody urine, causing strangury, irritates resin The Not covered (PH2). (AHP). causestomach dosespurgative pain emetic, Large 5gcan and r r r r cup hotwater 2–3×/day (RAI). FNFF = ? ½–1 g capsule (MAD); 25–30 drops tincture 3×/day (MAD); 5–15 drops copaiba/ (f1; RAI). DLZ; MD2; MPG; (f1;UTIs Vaginosis PH2; RAI); Worms (f; (f; (f; RAI); VD Wounds MAD; RAI); IED; RAI); TetanusRAI); (f; EGG); Tonsilosis (f; EGG); Tuberculosis (f1; (f; Ulcers RAI); RAI); EGG; sis (f; Sores (f; RAI); DLZ; MD2); (f; Swelling (f; (f; RAI); Syphilis Sore Throat MAD; RAI); (f; Respirosis (f; (f; DLZ; Rheumatism MAD); PH2;Pulmonosis RAI); Sinuso- RAI); MAD; (f; Psoriasis MPG); (f; (f; MAD; Phthisis RAI); (f; Pneumonia MPG; DLZ); Pleurisy RAI); (f; Onychosis (f; Nephrosis Oliguria RAI); (f1;RAI); DLZ; (f1; RAI); Pain RAI); RAI); EGG; noma (1; Mucososis (f; RAI); Myalgia PH2; (f; Mycosis RAI); RAI); EGG; (f1; MD2; EGG; Leishmania MPB;EGG; PH2; PR15:476; X3352280); RAI; Itch Stones (f; (1; Kidney RAI); EGG; PH2); (f;nence (f1; Indigestion (f; Infection DLZ; RAI); (f1; RAI); JAD; Inflammation PH2; RAI); (f; Inconti- Hemorrhoids (f; MAD); Blood RAI); RAI); EGG; High MPG; Pressure EGG; (f; Gas MD2; RAI); (f1; JAD; Gastrosis (f; RAI); Gonorrhea DAW; RAI); JAD; MD2; MAD; (f1;Edema PR15:476; Enterosis (f; Fever RAI); RAI); (f; MAD); (f; (f1; Flu Fungus RAI); (f; (f;Dysuria Dysentery (f; MAD); RAI); MPG; Earache EGG); (f; Eczema DAW; RAI); ties to the sequiterpenes. Some inactive may oils (PR15:476). have sequiterpenes. to the ties adulterated been activi-the attributing antiinflammatory, and were oils copaiba antiedemic some commercial phenylbutazone;calcium LD50 =3.79 (3.21–4.47) (X3352280). rat ml/kg It was shown that formation for to20mg/kg comparable granuloma 6days at1.26 and reduced utazone, ml/kg phenylb- calcium (0.70–2.69 mg/kg 50 less effectivethan ml/kg), antiinflammatory terpenes newly born to impart knowledge off hexes; ward and fornewly (IED). used VD toimpart also born of mouths the put honey with in copaiba and Yaviza Panama) mix (Darien, Negroes wounds vaginosis, (DAV). and UTIs, incontinence, urinary tuberculosis, incontinence, sores(SAR); and herpes, gastrosis, psoriasis, edema, for bronchoses, bleeding, catarrh, use Peruvians wounds vaginosis, (MPB; and RAI). UTIs, urethrosis, ulcers, tumors, tonsilitis, tetanus, syphilis, throat, sinusitis, sore sores, respirosis, pulmonosis, psoriasis, pneumonia, pharyngitis, parasites, pain, nephritis, inflammation, infection, incontinence, high pressure, blood dysentery,rhea, gonorrhea, enterosis, flu, gastritis, diar- dermatitis, cancer, cystitis, cough, bronchitis, dandruff, usefor bacteria, Brazilians wounds (DLZ). and syphilis, sores, rheumatism, rosis, phthisis, neph- cystosis, suggestincontinence, bones, Bolivians dislocated for burns, bronchitis, C. paupera (f; RAI); Leukemia (1; (f; (f; Leukemia Leukorrhea MPG); Lymphoma RAI); RAI); (1; Mela- RAI); C. reticulataC. Leishmania ) diterpenes antimicrobial (MIC <10 Gram-positive (MIC against μg/ml) antimicrobial ) diterpenes , myalgia, oliguria, pleurisy, sore throat, syphilis, tetanus, tetanus, syphilis, pleurisy, sorethroat, , myalgia, oliguria, (or C. officinalis; C. paupera Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Copaifera species containing copalic acid and sesqui- acid and copalic containing species ) as cicatrizant, for gonorrhea, cicatrizant, as ) Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Common Names: Common Notes: Synonyms: Illustrations: (Cuba; AVP); (Cuba; Varia AVP). Prieta Varia (Sp.; AVP); Varia Varia Colorado (Ma.; Negra JFM); (Ma.; JFM); Varia Amarilla (Callawaya; Tusa (Por.;JFM); Ullukachi DLZ); Tioco AVP); (Ma.; Ururazeiro JFM); Tambor Tacurai (Mex.; (Ma.; JFM); (Ma.; JFM); hua AVP); (Ma.; Tambor Hormiguero AVP); (Antigua; AVP); Spruce AVP); (Peru; Suchicahue Sucha (Ma.; JFM); Suchicua- (Eng.; Elm Spanish Jam.; (Ma.; Solerillo JFM); Solera Soleria (Ma.; JFM); (Ma.; JFM); wood (Bel.; Eng.; BNA; USN); Samwood (Bel.; Eng.; BNA; IED); (Fr.; Sebestes AVP); Wood (Eng.; Prince AVP);(Ma.; Salm- JFM); (Ma.; JFM); Salaam (Ma.; JFM); Rosadillo Peterbi (Par.; Negro (Ma.; JFM); AVP); Pardillo JFM); (Bel.; Pomarosa BNA); Popocotle (Mex.; Palo AVP); Maria JFM); (Fr.; Pardillo Ven.; AVP; deMonte USN); (Ma.; Pardillo (Eng.; AVP); Pajarito Prieto (Ma.; JFM); Palo de Rosa (Mex.;relo (Por.; (Por.; AVP); USN); Amarillo Louro AVP); Blanc Mapou (Fr.; AVP); Palo Cordia Onion de Viga (Ma.; Negro (Por.; Sp.; AVP; (Por.; Louro AVP); (Ma.; JFM); USN); Prieto Laurel Louro-Ama- MPG); (Ecu.; Macho (Nic.; Laurel dePuna Laurel AVP); (Ma.;rel JFM); Cypre Laurel Pan.; AVP; Peru; IED); Blanco (Bel.; Laurel Ecu.; Sal.; Sp.; AVP; USN); MPG; Lau- (Mex.;guillo AVP); Sp.; (Peru; Plancho Lana MDD); (Ma.; JFM); Huixte (Bel.; Laurel (Mex.; (Dor.; DLZ); Hormiguero (Chiriguano; AVP); AHL);Guacimilla Guinine Hormi- (Fr.; AVP); delaMartinique Oranger Cypre (Tobago; Cypress AVP); (Ma.; JFM); Frutilla (Eng.; DAV); (Trin.; AVP); Cyp (Ma.; JFM); Cueramo (Fwi.; Trin.; Cypre AVP; USN); AVP); AHL; (Haiti; Caparo Chene SOU); Cherry Blanco (Peru; Clammy Chullachaqui (Pr.; AVP);Prieta (Dor.; Caparo AHL); CapaRoja (Cuba; AVP); (Ma.; JFM); Cautaro Pan.; Pr.; AVP; USN); IED; (Dor.; CapadeSabana CapadeOlor (Ma.; AHL); JFM); Capa (Ven.; Canjaro deHumo(Ma.; JFM); Canalete AVP); Canjelon (Ven.; AVP); Capá(Dor.; (Mex.;Prieto AVP); Brown Silver (Guy.; Balli AVP; (Col.; Canalete JFM); USN); IED; AHL); Bois (His.; AHL); AVP); Saumee (Haiti; Bois Soumis Bojon (Mex.; AVP); Bojon (Bel.; BNA); Bois (Fr.; deChypre USN); Bois deRose (Ma.; JFM); Bois (His.; deRhodes (Cuba; Baria Sp.;JFM); AVP); Bohun Bohum (Ma.; Bohon JFM); Blanco (Ma.; JFM); DAV); Anyallo Caspi (Peru; JFM); del Ajo Arbol (Ma.; AVP; Peru; (Ma.; Bari JFM); (Mex.; Hasta (Ma.; AVP; Amapa Bola(Ma.; Prieta JFM); Amapa Amapa JFM); JFM); DAV);(Peru; Ajos Sacha (Que.; (Sp.; DLZ); Alatrique Ven.; AVP; USN); (Ma.; Amapa DLZ;Peru; USN); Ajo MPG); (Ecu.; Ajoes deMontana deMonte (Bol.; DLZ); Ajos Quiro SOU); Ajasasa (Peru; (Ma.; Ajo JFM); AjoAbib Aguardientillo (Aym.; (Ma.; JFM); Bol.; coffee. toshade used often tree, sitic herbivores probably plant by ants the consuming donot protect (X15179580). Ahoney evidence suggest aprotective role para- sitic dietary for Behavioral mutualists; and ants. the level para- the trophic atahigher feed than ants mutualistic The mutualism. of the parasites Two Selva atLa tobe species ant behave appear two attendant others mutualistically, while alliodora Cerdana fig (IED)105 GARLIC TREE ( Ruiz &Pav.Ruiz (basionym); Cordia alliodora BORAGINACEAE Cordia gerascanthus (Ruiz &Pav.) Oken) ++ Jacq.; USN).(MPG; fide 231 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 232 Activities: Names: Common Synonyms: Extracts: Dosages: Indications: Activities: RAI; X1963951);RAI; (f1; (f; Cardioprotective Cardiotonic (f; Circulotonic RAI); RAI); RAI); (1; X1963951); (f; Antiherpetic Anorectic RAI; RAI); Antiobesity (f1; MPB); (1; Antiviral Rabugem (Sa.; RAI). (Brazil; MPB; RAI); Louro Salguiero (Brazil; MPB; RAI); Porangaba (Brazil; MPB; Mole Louro MPB; RAI); RAI); doMato(Brazil; doPorco (Sa.; Grao Laranjeira RAI); RAI); MPB); (Sa.; (Brazil; (Sa.; Coquelicot Chá-do-Bugre Claraiba MPB; RAI); RAI); (Brazil; (Eng.; Por.; Chá-de-Negro-Mina MPB; RAI); Scn.; (Brazil; USN); AH2; Chá-de-Frade Bugre (Sa.; MPB); Café MPB); doMato(Brazil; (Brazil; RAI); Cafezinho Chá-de-Bugre Boid d’Inde (Sa.; Bois Café de MPB; d’Ine RAI); RAI); (Brazil; (Sa.; Bugrinho RAI); salicifolia Cordia Cladosporium cucumerinum Cladosporium (X17178202). antimicrobial extract Bark against antifungal bark root from Several compounds r r r r r r r r (MPG). FNFF = ! Fruits said to be eaten (IED). Powdered leaves or bark used as garlic substitute MPG). Sores (f1; MPG); IED; Swelling (f; Tuberculosis JFM); (f; (f; DLZ); VD MPG); Wounds (f1; (f; (f; (f; Rashes MPG); Pulmonosis (f; JFM); IED); Rheumatism MPG); (f; Sciatica MPG); tion (f1; X10757739; MPG; X17178202); Myalgia (f; MPG); Mycosis (1; X10757739); (f; IED); Catarrh (f; Pain Cramps JFM); (f; MPG); Dermatosis IED); (1; Fungus X10757739); Infec- (f;Anemia (f; IED); Asthma (1; DLZ); Bacteria X17178202); Bronchosis (f; (f; DLZ); Bruises (f1;Vulnerary MPG). (1;Larvicide X10757739); Mosquitocide (1; X10757739); Stomachic (f; IED); Tonic (f; IED); (f;Depurative IED); Emollient (f; MPG); Fungicide (1; X10757739); (f; MPG); Insectifuge (f1;Antiseptic (f; MPG); Attifuge MPG); Bactericide (1; X17178202); (f; Cicatrizant MPG); West Indians make a seed ointment and apply to dermatoses (JFM). apply ointment and todermatoses aseed West make Indians (JFM). swellings; and leaves heated applySalvadorans tobruises decoction leaf towounds tuberculosis (DLZ; JFM). and catarrh, bronchitis, for tonic asthma, stimulant as ordecoction tea useleaf Latinos water) for (100 usedecoction VD (MPG). Latinos gbark/l (MPG). atica sci- and myalgia, rheumatism, cramps, tomassage macerate bark usealcoholic Latinos emollient (MPG). and cicatrizant, young wounds, antiseptic, of as useapoultice onsoresand mashed shoots Ecuadorians myalgia and (DLZ). forBolivians suggest baths cramps in wood decoction (DLZ). infections infusion for bronchial suggest Bolivians floral the CHÁ-DE-BUGRE ( Cham.; fide (USN). fideCham.; and larvicidal against against larvicidal and BORAGINACEAE Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Cordia ecalyculata Aedes aegypti Vell.) + Vell.) (X10757739). Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Common Names: Common Notes: Downsides: Dosages: Indications: Dosages: Indications: Activities: (Peru; SOU); Gr SOU); (Peru; Sp.; SOU);Caspi (Peru; Caspi (Peru; Añallo LOR); Felpudo (Por.; Arua GMJ); Ayahuasco SOU); (Peru; Añallio (Aym.; SOU); (Peru; Almendrillo Maliki Allqa DLZ); Almenchillo synonymous (GMJ). oruse GuyaneseApparently treat this species. ofAs July totoxicity 2007, twoof titles FDA alluding listed the Poisonous Database Plant r r 2–3×/day2–3 gcapsule/tablet 2×/day (RAI). (RAI); tincture 2–3 ml (RAI); FNFF = ! Berries roasted and brewed like coffee (RAI). 1 cup tea 30–60 min before meals (1; (f; Viruses X1963951);Rheumatism RAI); RAI; Wounds (f1; MPB). FNF; X1963951); Stones (f; Kidney (f; Nephrosis Obesity (f1; RAI); RAI); MPB); (f; Oliguria RAI); (f1; MPB); Fever (f; (1; Gout (f; Herpes RAI); X1963951); RAI); RAI; (1; Infection RAI; (1; (f; Cancer (f1; RAI); Cardiopathy RAI); Cellulite (f;Arthritis Coughs RAI); RAI); (f1;Vulnerary MPB). FNF; (f; (f1; (f; Stimulant Diuretic RAI); (f; RAI); Hypouricemic Febrifuge MPB; RAI); RAI); bite. FNFF = ? Leaf paste poulticed over botfly larvae (SAR). Leaves poulticed onto snake (f; DLZ); Tetanus (f; DLZ). (f;Paralysis (f; (f; DLZ); Pulmonosis Rheumatism DLZ); GMJ); Bite Snake (f; DAV); Spasms (f; DLZ); BotflyArthrosis (f; SAR);Chest Colds (f; Colds GMJ); (f; Cramps GMJ); (f; DLZ); (f; (f;Antispasmodic DLZ); Larvicide SAR); (f; Pectoral GMJ). prepared). diacritical entries can SOU);(Peru; Yawatai (Guy.; Wayãpi; Yuquerobuso GMJ); DLZ). (Nscn; Ameri- (Chiriguano; (Creole; Guy.; SOU); Caspi (Peru; Blanca Samkagantaje (Bol.; GMJ); Picana DLZ); Pucaruro Fourmi Lamoussé GMJ); SAR);(Huitoto; Kasiu SAR; (Palikur; SOU); Ban (Miraña; Kaag Haitians use as adigestive obesity useas (RAI). in Haitians stimulant fever, obesity, stones, gout, nephrosis, wounds (RAI). kidney and rheumatism, cough, cellulite, for diuretic, arthritis, and circulotonic, cardiotonic, useas Brazilians ā d de Galo (Por.;d deGalo GMJ); Huevo Sp.; (Peru; deGato MDD); Ibrachoreri AÑALLO CASPI ( C. hirsuta BORAGINACEAE Cordia nodosa and C. collacocca Lam.) + similarly if not rendering them them not rendering if similarly 233 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 234 Illustrations: Synonyms: Extracts: Downsides: Dosages: Indications: Activities: Names: Common fig (DAV);76 p 111(DLZ) slight antibacterial and cytotoxic (X11429254). activity and slight antibacterial ellagic acid 3,3´-dimethylether and yielded extract with powdered corianin Methanolic fruit totoxicitying species. of this (X17303114).mice of As July 13 2007, FDA allud- titles listed the Poisonous Database Plant (EGG). Toxic; convulsions and followed and seizures humans in seen by death coma and lethal as described corarine and (CRC). failures” heart and paralysis, Coriamyrtin ratory of intoxication include stupor, respi- vertigo, may asphyxia, result convulsion. from Death is 3.75 mg/kg,flight (giving sensations). hallucinogen as anarcotic “Classified The LD50 theleaves mature for fruits 1.55 mg/kg, and green fruits of case collapse (CRC). in a stimulant 0.45 mg/kg.FNFF = X. Fruits Frequent sometimes considered edible symptoms but better considered poisonous. 1 mg used as tosis (f; (1; MPG); Blood High Pressure (1; MPG); Infection X11429254); Mucosis (f; MPG). (1;Bacteria X11429254); Collapse (f; CRC; (f; MPG); CRC); Diarrhea Fever (1; MPG); Hepa- Toxic (1; X17303114). MPG; (1;stimulant MPG); Rodenticide (f; CRC); Spasmogenic (1; X17303114); (1; Stimulant MPG); (1;rifuge MPG); (f; Hallucinogenic CRC), Hypotensive (1; MPG); Poison (f; CRC); Respiro- (1;CNS-Stimulant (1; MPG); Convulsant X17303114); MPG; (1; Cytotoxic X11429254); Feb- (1;Antiseptic X11429254); (f; Astringent CRC); (1; Bactericide X11429254); (f; Canicide CRC); MPG). (Nscn). (Peru; MPG); (Ecu.; Zumaque (Chile;Zeu MPG); Zhazhi (Col.;Sumaque MPG); Teñidera (Col.; MPG); (Col.; Tinta Ecu.; MPG); Tisis (Ven.; MPG); (Col.; MPG); (Col.; Sansú Eng.; (Ecu.; MPG); MPG); (Ecu.; Shanshi Shanchi MPG); CR2; Saca Saca (Bol.; DLZ; Peru; MPG); Sak’a Sak’a (Aym.; Bol.; DLZ); (Col.; Sansá MPG); Sansí (Col.;Zumaque MPG); MPG); (Ecu.; (Ecu.; Pinyang Reventadera (Col.; MPG); Piñan MPG); DLZ;Peru; MPG); (Col.; Miyo Borrachero Miyo MPG); Mortiño (Peru; MPG); Mortiño Miyo MPG); EGG); Milloghya (Peru; (Bol.; Mio (Peru; DLZ; Peru; MPG); (Bol.; Mio Mio (Col.; DLZ); (Bol.; Llama MPG); (Ecu.; Curtidera Chiriguano; Chanci MPG); Guinanina (Col.;Barbasco (Col.; MPG); MPG); (Peru; Chanchi Chanche MPG); (Peru; MPG); Chanchí Turcz.;(MPG). fide atropurpurea Coriaria folia Humb &Bonpl.;Humb CANDLESTICK GINGER ( GINGER CANDLESTICK Heterocladus caracasanus caracasanus Heterocladus SHANSHI ( SHANSHI DC.; C. microphylla CORIARIACEAE Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook COSTACEAE Coriaria ruscifolia ruscifolia Coriaria Costus scaber DC.; Turcz.; C. phylicifolia phylicifolia C. Heterophylliea caracasana Ruiz &Pav.) ++ L.) X Humb. &Bonpl.; C. thymi- (Turcz.) Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Notes: Common Names: Common Synonyms: Dosages: Indications: Names: Common Close kin to Close kin cylindricus Pakuite (Ma.; JFM); Peninaa (Brazil; RAR); Perina (Brazil; MPB); (Brazil; RAR); Perina Petit (Brazil; (Ma.;JFM); Degonfle Peninaa (Ma.; JFM); Pakuite MPB); RAR); (Brazil; Pango Paco (Peru; Caatinga Pacova MPB); (Brazil; (Ma.; JFM); Pahtsab GMJ; MPB; (Wayãpi;(Brazil; RAR); Kapiyuwa Asikalu Ninya Pucchucu Ku GMJ); (Ma.; JFM); Por.;zil; (Dor.; POR); AHL); Ginger(Eng.; Gengibre Cimarrón Indian-Head POR); Jacuacanga (Fr.; Creole); Marron Canne Costos (Sp.; (Ma.; Cañuela JFM); Santa POR); (Bra- Flor-da-Paixão Congo (Car.; Creole; Fr.; Guy.; GMJ; POR); d’Eau Canne (Car.; Creole; Fr.; POR); Ma.; JFM; Por.; Roxa RAR); POR; Cana Por.; doBrejo (Brazil; Canne POR); (Ma.; JFM); Agria Cañita MPB); (Brazil; Cana-Roxa Canarana (Brazil; (Ma.; JFM); Cañagria do Mato(Ma.; JFM); Caña Por.; (Brazil; deMacaco Cana GMB; Por.; doBrejo RAR); POR; Cana (Brazil; GMJ; MPB; POR); MPB); (Brazil; Branca (Cuba; deArroyo Caña RyM); Ma.; (Ma.; JFM; JFM); deCristo Caña VeluAmome Pétiolé (Car.; Fr.; POR); Cana MPB); (Ma.; JFM); (Brazil; Caatinga Amarga Caña ralis spicata Alpinia FNFF = ! Widely eaten (FAC; TAN). Has ethnoveterinary applications in Trinidad (X11737880). (f; DAV); Worms (f; DAV). (f;korrhea Bite GMJ); Snake (f; DAV); (f; Splinters DLZ); Stomachache (f; DAV); Vaginosis (f; CTD); (f; Flu (f; Gastrosis GMJ); CTD); Hepatosis (f; DAV; (f; DLZ); Infection DAV); Leu- Biliousness (f; DLZ); (f; Blennorrhagia Bronchosis GMJ); (f; CTD); (f; Calluses DLZ); Fever SOU); GMJ). Punya (Peru; Tuiu (Chiquitano;DLZ); DLZ); Oboris Purum (Palikur; Congo (Creole;Canne Guy.; (Wayãpi; Kapiyai GMJ); Pila (Chiriguana; Nupurumunga GMJ); (Bol.; Sp.; Agria (Peru; Caña DLZ); Caña Caña MDD); Sp.; (Peru; Cañagre LOR; MDD); (BNA). both (2000) treat Mors etal. PKDSPIRAL-FLAG ( SPIKED Jacq.; Jacq.; C. arabicus arabicus C. Jacq. (basionym); C. micranthus (GMJ). Antillean species whose name is often misapplied to misapplied isoften whose species name (GMJ). Antillean Gagnep.; Amomum petiolatum COSTACEAE Costus spicatus C. spicatus spicatus C. C. quartus quartus C. and Roem. &Schult.; (POR; fideUSN). (Jacq.) Sw.) ++ Sw.) (Jacq.) C. spiralis Lam.; Costus conicus conicus Costus in Brazil. Stokes; Stokes; C. spi- C. 235 C. C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 236 Extracts: Downsides: Dosages: Indications: Activities: Leaf and root alcoholic extracts antimicrobial (X382278). antimicrobial extracts alcoholic root and Leaf species. of totoxicityAs July of 2007,this onetitle alluding FDA listed the Poisonous Database Plant r r r r r r water (JFM). added FNFF = ! Fairly widely eaten (FAC; TAN). Brazilians drink the plant juice sweetened with (f; MPB); JFM; Worms (f; RAR). (f; MPB); Stones (f; (f; MPB); JFM); JFM; Rheumatism AHL; (f; MPB); Urethrosis JFM; VD (f; MPB); (1; Infection X382278); (f; Stones (f; Kidney Leukorrhea MPB); JFM); Nephrosis MPB);JFM; (f; Fever Dysuria JFM); (f; MPB); (f; Flu Gonorrhea (f; GMJ); Gas JFM); AHL; (f;Blennorrhagia (f; Cancer GMJ); MPB); Coqueluche (f; Coughs (f; GMJ); MPB); Cystosis (f; (f;lytic MPB); JFM; (f; Stimulant JFM). (f;Diaphoretic MPB); (f; MPB); Diuretic JFM; IED; (f; Emmenagogue MPB); JFM; Litho- (f; (1; RAR);Anthelmintic Antiseptic X382278); (f; AHL); Carminative Depurative(f; MPB); RAR). MPB); (Brazil; Caatinga (Brazil; Ubacaia GMJ);Ubacaia (Palikur; Seino (Eng.;Tuiu Scn.; USN); POR; (Ma.; JFM); Spiral-Flag AH2; Spiked GMJ); Tirabuzon (Boni; gafu Petit Dégonflé (Car.; Créole; Fr.;POR); Pobre MPB); RAR);(Brazil; Velha (Peru; Sin- Sangapilla Trinidadans take the decoction for urinary burning and VD (JFM). VD and burning for decoction urinary the take Trinidadans (JFM). cystosis, urethrosis stones, and kidney purple) in useful urine the consider violet-scented the (thatLatinos decoction root turns (AHL; JFM). French West and suggest for rheumatism decoction and gas leaf Indians Dominicans passionflower and diuretic (JFM). a as horsetail plant with the boil Ricans Costa (JFM). stimulant and emmenagogue, diuretic, plant juice as the drink Americans Central (MPB). suggest plant onto tumors the poulticing Brazilians MILK TREE ( Couma macrocarpa APOCYNACEAE Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Barb. Rodr.) ++ Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Common Names: Common Notes: Dosages: Indications: Activities: Names: Common Illustrations: (Peru; EGG); (Cuba;(Peru; deCañón Bala Dor.; AVP); AHL; Boesi Sur.; (Dutch; AVP); Boskeabas à Boulet (Fr.; de Canon USN); Ayuhuma EGG); (Peru; Ayu EGG); (Peru; Ayuman Huma (Fr.;enne AVP); àBombes (Fr.; EGG); Arbre (Peru; Huma Trin.; Aia Haiti; AVP; USN); Arbre (Por.; deMacaco Abricó AVP); deSinge Abricot AVP); (Fr. Guiana; Sauvage Abricot deCay- (AHL). Republic acurio as Dominican in parks in Culivated r SOU). for (MPB). used Latex amebiasis (RAR; FNFF = ! Fruits widely eaten; latex used for chewing gum; leaves used as coffee substitute rhea (f; DAV; IED); (f; Infection DAV); Wounds (f; DAV). (f;Amebiasis DAV; MPB); (f; Asthma DAV); (f; DAV); Childbirth (f; Dermatosis DAV); Diar- (f; DAV). Amebicide (f; MPB); (f; Antiseptic DAV); Purgative (f; DAV); Resolvent (f; DAV); Vulnerary SAR); Sorva (Por.; MPB); MPB). USN); (Brazil; Mata (Brazil; Sorva da Sorveira (Col.;Perillo RAR); IED); Pero (Col.; (Peru; Sorva Perillo IED); Popa (Col.; IED); Sejuco (Karijona; DLZ; LOR; MDD; USN); Huayo Leche RAR); (Sp.; RAR);(Peru; Osurba (Brazil; USN); Marfim (Col.; RAR);ibo; Juansoco SAR); (Brazil; RAR); Que.; Itapeua (Peru; Caspi RAR; Sp.; Peru; Leche (Sp.; SOU); RAR); (Peru; Fransoco Daum (Brazil; USN); Icucau (Huitoto; SAR); (Ship- Inumentsis Sp.;rona (Peru; LOR); Chicle (Eng.; IED); Cow Tree RAR); (Eng.; Cumassu (Brazil; IED); Cuman (Col.; deLeche Arbol IED); (Sp.; Aso USN); Avichuri (Col.; IED); (Cashibo; Bimion RAR); Capi- fig(DAV) 77 Huitoto may chew leaves SOU). leaves coca like (RAR; CANNONBALL TREE ( TREE CANNONBALL LECYTHIDACEAE Couroupita guianensis Aubl.) + Aubl.) 237 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 238 Synonyms: Illustrations: Downsides: Dosages: Indications: Activities: tha Crescentia acuminata fig 232(L&W); fig(MPG) 51 species. of totoxicityAs July of 2007,this onetitle alluding FDA listed the Poisonous Database Plant r r r r FNFF = X. Toothache (f; (f; EGG); Viruses DAV); Wounds (f; RAR). (f; EGG); Mycosis (f; DAV); (f; Pain (f; EGG); Rheumatism RAR); Stomachache (f; RAR); (f;menorrhea (f; RAR); Fungus DAV); (f; Gastrosis (f; RAR); Infection DAV; RAR); Mange (f; (f; (f; RAR); Bacteria Acariasis DAV); RAR); Arthritis (f; Dermatosis DAV; RAR); Dys- Poison (f; DAW); AHL; (f; Vulnerary RAR). Analgesic (f; (f; EGG); (f; RAR); Antirheumatic Canicide (f; DAW); RAR); Depilatory AHL; AVP); deMono Zapote (Pan.; Sp.; AVP). (Nscn). AVP);AHL; RAR); Taparo (Peru; (Ven.; deChuco Mucuratu (Sur.; RAR); Abrikoos Wilde AVP); EGG); Mgenoklu Moke (Piro; Masne (Sp.; Trin.; AVP); Muco (Dor.; His.; Trin.; Ven.; (Sur.; AVP); AVP); (Dutch; Koppe Jewadabalh (Ven.; Hediondo Mamey AVP); (Col.; Marako AVP); (Por.; Sp.; Cuirano AVP); (Pan.; Sp.; AVP); Granadillo AVP); (Dutch; Kalabasi Koppe Mono Sp.; (Pan.; Ven.; AVP); AVP); (Fr. Couroupitoumou Guiana; (Por.; deMacaco Cuia Eng.; AVP; Tree USN); (Eng.; Carrion AVP); (Por.; deMacaco Castanha AVP); de Coco AVP); (Fr. Colin Guiana; Calabasse (Trin.; AVP); Cannonball Tree (Br. Guy.; Cannonball AVP);(Dutch; Boskelabas AVP); (Dutch; Boulet (Fr. deCanon Guin.; Guad.; AVP; USN); (DAV). dermatoses fungoid, orviral bacterial, serious plant totreat usethe of Peru Indians Piro dogs in mange (EGG). treating in vets fruit usethe Peruvian leaves usethe Peruvians for (EGG). toothache (EGG). baths ritual in fruits usethe shamans Peruvian ; C. spathula C. . AAAHTREE ( CALABASH ; C. angustifolia C. BIGNONIACEAE Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook ; C. arborea Crescentia cujete cujete Crescentia ; C. cuneifolia C. L.) + ; C. fasciculata C. ; C. plectan- C. Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Activities: Names: Common Notes: MPG; TRA); Antidiarrheal (f; (hippomane) MPG); (f; TRA); Antidote Antiinflamma- MPG; Antidiarrheal JFM); (f;Abortifacient DAV; AAB; 60P); EGG; Analgesic (f; (1; 60P); MPG; Antiallergic (Sp.; IED); Yatuseque (Garifuna; RAR); (Choco; Wira (Ma.; JFM). IED); Zacual (Shipibo; (Bel.; (Eng.; BNA); KAB); Calabash EGG); Calabash Wild West Indian Wingo (Tam.; KAB); (Bol.; Tutuma DLZ; Tútumo EGG); Peru; Tutumo (Ma.; JFM); Masen KAB);Coast; Tsápa EGG); Tsitopa (Aguaruna; yPati (Sakalave; KAB); Turuvottukkay Totuma (Cuba; JTR); Totumbo Totumo SOU); (Ma.; JFM); (Peru; (Gold Tree Calabash KAB); (Kan.; (Ulwa; ULW); Sutak rude Taparo (Ven.; L&W); Tecomate (Mex.; L&W); (Creole; VOD); Haiti; (Cr.; Guacal Raspa AVP); (Bel.; Savanna Calabash BNA); Sokebu- Poro (Bol.; Poque (Ma.; JFM); DLZ);(Ma.; JFM); Porongo (Bol.; DLZ); Pyé Kalbas AVP; (Peru; Pati SOU); EGG; (Sp.; Pamuco Pati L&W); RAR); (Ecu.; Pilche EGG; Pog Palo Totumas (Ma.; JFM); SOU); (Pan.; JTR); EGG; Palo deCalabaza Pamuco (Peru; (Jam.; AVP); Pache (Sp.; RAR); (Wi.; EGG; Packy AVP); Pajo RAR); EGG; (Culina; Hon.; L&W); (Guat.; Guaco Morro JTR); Naba (Cuna; IED); Narrow-Leaved Calabash SOU);(Sp.; EGG; Morrito (Peru; Monito (Ma.; JFM); Moñaahño AH2); (Guat.; Morro (Sp.;Mase RAR); (Chaco; Mate Col.; SOU); (Pan.; IED); Merique JTR; DLZ; EGG; deMono (Bol.; DLZ); DLZ); Marmita (Chiriguano; La L&W); (Ma.; JFM); Krabasie VOD);Haiti; Kalbasyé (Creole; VOD); Haiti; (Sur.; (Creole; Kalebas L&W); Kouran (Sur.; Kalebasboom VOD); Kalbas Haiti; (Creole; Fran Kalbas JFM); (Ma.; Mondi di Kalbas KAB); (Creole; Kalbas VOD); (Afrikaan; Ma.; Haiti; JTR);Sal.; JFM; Kalabas JFM; Haiti; L&W; VOD); (Ma.; (Ma.; JTR); Sal.; deGuacal deCuchara Jicaro Jicaro JFM; (Arg.;ary AVP); Jenen (Shipibo/Conibo; Mashen EGG); (Ca.; Jicara L&W); (Ca.; Jicaro Japac- DLZ); (Chiriquano; Cajia Ibira SOU); EGG; (Peru; Mase LOR); Huingo Sp.; EGG; BNA); (Bel.; Huaz JTR); (Ma.; Sal.; Huacal (Ma.; BNA); Huas JFM); JFM; Huingo (Peru; (Dor.; Higüero Pr.; Peru; JFM); Sp.; L&W; JTR; EGG; RAR); Hom (Bel.; Guat.; AVP; Mex.; JTR); Gwo (Creole; JFM; Kalbas VOD); Haiti; (Wi.; Hibuero (Ma.; RAR); Higuera Totumo (Cuba;Larga Guiro (Cuba; Redondo JTR); (Ma.; (Ma.; JFM); JTR); Güira Guire (Cuba; Comun (Cuba; JTR); Ma.; RyM); Güira JTR); JFM; Cimarrona Güira RAR; Güira (Cuba; Güira Sp.; L&W; (Ma.; JFM); Guiro JFM; EGG; Guaje Cirian (Ma.; JFM); Cirial VOD);RAR; (Cr.; Guacal (Ma.; Gua JFM); L&W); Sal.; JTR; Guaje (Mex.; L&W); Guaje KAB); (Fanti; Dweraba dèPèlren Dua (Creole; Goud VOD); Haiti; Tree (Eng.; Gourd (Mex.; Sp.; L&W; RAR); JTR); (Ma.; Sal.; Cutuco SOU); Cuyera EGG; JFM; (Peru; (Por.; Cuiteceira AVP); (Ma.; JFM); Cuite (Ma.; JFM); KAB); Cuintenseira JFM; Cujete (Por.; Cuia L&W); (Ma.; JFM); AVP); Ma.; Cueira (Brazil; RAR); Cuiete (Brazil; Cuieira (Por.;Coitezeira AVP); (Mex.; AVP); Cuautecomate Columo (Ma.; JFM); (Ven.; Cucharo (Mex.; L&W); JTR; Cirián Coite (Ma.; JFM); (Ma.; JFM); KAB); Ciriam (Brazil; Choyte (Ven.; L&W); EGG); KAB); SOU); Cayeira (Peru; EGG; Choyne (Brazil; (Peru; Cerna (Dwi.; L&W); AVP); (Haiti; Calebasse Calebassier (Fr.; Fwi.; AVP; Haiti; KAB); Camasa L&W); (Cuba; Calabaza Pan.; Sp.; L&W; RAR); (Dwi.; L&W); Calbas Rondo Calbas VOD);CR2; (Fwi.; L&W); (Ger.; Calabasse Calabassenbaum AVP); (Fwi.; Calabassiere (Cr.; Calabacero (Ma.; JFM); L&W); Tree JTR; Calabash (Bel.; Eng.; Scn.; AH2; AAB; Calabaca (Ma.; JFM); SOU);Cabeceira (Ma.; Cabaca JFM); RAR; EGG; Buhango (Peru; (Fr.; àCalebasse SOU); (Fr.; EHH; àCouis KAB); Arbe (Peru; Arbe KAB); Ankunip (VOD). of severaltat Iwa, Ayida Ogou Simbi Legba, and Feray, Wedo, Gede, Dambala, Marinet, orhabi- vodou, “reposoi”tree” or“preferred the Haitian plant in symbolic isvery This 239 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 240 Dosages: Indications: r r r r r r r r r r FNFF = ! Fruits eaten (FAC; TAN). Toasted seed eaten (EGG). (f; Worms (f; JFM); 60P); MPG; EGG; Wounds VOD). (f; MPG; JFM; VOD);JFM; Tumors (f; Urethrosis (f; VOD); JLH); MPG; JFM; (f; Vaginosis UTIs JFM); Swelling (f1;JFM); VOD); TRA; Toothache (f; DAV; 60P); MPG; Tuberculosis EGG; (f; VOD); WBB; X11025161); Spider Bites (f; Splenosis JFM); (f; VOD); (f; Sprains DAV; JFM; JTR; VOD); Respirosis (f; JTR; ULW); (f; 60P); ness (f; (f; MPG); Pain 60P); MPG; Palpitations (f; (f; MPG); Phthisis DLZ); Pneumonia (f1;TRA; MPG; Inflammation VOD; 60P); Itch Leukorrhea MPG);(f; JFM); (f; Nervous- (f;MPG); Hernia DAV); (f1; VOD; Infection TRA; MPG; X11137354; X7604753; 60P); (f;Headache KAB); EGG; (f; Hematochezia (f; Hemorrhoids Hepatosis (f; JFM); JFM); AAB); Fever (f; ULW); KAB; IED; (f; Flu 60P); (f; (f; Freckles Ganglia VOD); JFM); (f1;TRA); Edema VOD); TRA; Epilepsy (f; VOD); (f; Erysipelas EGG); VOD); (f; Dysmenorrhea MPG); Dyspepsia (f; (f; MPG); SOU; Earache MPG; EGG; rhea (f; ULW; MPG; IED; VOD; 60P); (f; Dropsy DLZ; EGG); (f; JTR; Dysentery JFM; 60P); (f; RAR); Coughs (f; Dermatosis (f; JFM; EGG); EGG; Diar- Diabetes AAB; JFM); Colds (f; Congestion (f; JFM); Constipation (f1; JFM); AAB; VOD; TRA; DLZ; IED; WBB);JTR; (f; Burns WBB); (f; VOD; MPG; (f; Catarrh JFM); 60P); AAB; Childbirth MPG); (f; Blennorrhea JFM; DLZ); Bronchosis (f; DAV; AAB; 60P); (f; EGG; Bruises (1; (1; MPG); Bacteria X11137354; TRA; X7604753); Biliousness (f; DAV); (f; Bleeding (f; Amenorrhea (f; DLZ; EGG);JFM); Asthma DAV; AAB; VOD; JFM; 60P); Abscesses (f; EGG); Adenopathy (f; VOD); (1; Allergies (f; TRA); Alopecia MPG; DAV; 60P); Suppurative (f; RAR); EGG; Vermifuge (f; (f; 60P); MPG; Vulnerary MPG). Orexigenic (f; (f; MPG); (f; Pectoral Purgative (1; MPG); JFM); Pulifuge DAV; JFM; VOD); (f; Febrifuge KAB); (f; Hemostat MPG); (f1; Laxative JFM; 60P); DLZ; IED; (f;Emmenagogue DLZ; AAB; MPG); Emollient (f; (f; MPG); Expectorant MPG; IED; 60P);MPG; Choleretic (1; DAV; 60P); (f; Depurative JTR); (f; Emetic WBB; MPG; 60P); Antitussive (f; RAR); (f; EGG; Aperient KAB); (f; Astringent IED); (1; Carcinogenic tory (f1; TRA; VOD; 60P); Antiseptic (f1; MPG; TRA; X11137354; X7604753; 60P); Peruvians apply the ripe fruit pulp toerysipelas (EGG). fruit apply ripe the Peruvians Tobago and Trinidad In for blood used (X17040567). pressure high VOD). splenosis,rhea, (EGG; tuberculosis and constipation, diar- bronchosis, catarrh, acloth, juice for using the asthma, through pulp express and the them, incise fruits, unripe the roast nationalities, other like Haitians, (VOD).every 4hr compress renewing the sunburns, and burns, pulp tobruises, apply fruit the Haitians (MPG). flu and bronchosis, beverages catarrh, in pulp for (“jarabe”) asthma, usefruit Cubans dropsy,rhea, (JTR). dysentery and using for diar- pectoral, laxative, emetic, emollient, and plantas pulp regard Cubans douche (JFM). a vaginal as decoction leaf astringent employ and Cubans antiseptic the forhead (KAB). headache for sugar pulp with fever, fore- onthe fruit fruit unripe ripe poulticing take Brazilians (DLZ). emmenagogue honey an with as decoction suggestBolivians fruit the (AAB). bronchosis, lung congestion, ailments other for and cough, asthma, 6spoonful/day ing tak- 2qt. water 2cups 30min, sugar with in 1fruit from pith inner boil Belizeans Staphylococcus Pseudomonas (1; AAB; MPG; TRA); (1; (f; AAB); VOD); Puerperium (f; JFM; Pulmonosis IED; AAB; Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Salmonella Streptococcus (1; TRA); MPG; Bite Snake (f1; KAB; (1; (f; TRA); MPG; Sunburn Escherichia Bacillus (1; (1; Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Dosages: Indications: Activities: Names: Common Extracts: Downsides: Synonyms: yeast (X8254347). mutants ity (X7604753). exhibit Several selective compounds towards activity DNA-repair-deficient (X11025161). Methanol leaf and stem bark extracts show antimicrobial broad activ- spectrum r r r FNFF = ? Wounds (f; AAB). (f;matism AAB); Sores (f; AAB); Spasms (f; AAB); Swelling (f; AAB); Tumors (f; AAB); (f;aise AAB); Myosis (f; (f; AAB); Oliguria AAB); (f; Pain AAB); (f; Paralysis AAB); Rheu- (f;Edema AAB); Fever (f; AAB); (f; Flu AAB); (f; (f; Infection AAB); AAB); Insomnia Mal- (f; AAB); Boils (f;Arthritis AAB); (f; Bruises AAB); Cysts (f; AAB); (f; Dermatosis AAB); (f;Antiedemic AAB); (f; Febrifuge AAB). BNA); Yax (Bel.; Che Maya; BNA). (Nscn). Vara Hueca (Sal.; PCS); (Bel.; Xa-Ax-Como-Che Maya; (Bel.; AAB); Maya; Xa-Sh-Como-Ch (Bel.; Eng.; BNA); Palo Verde (Sp.; BNA); Suelta conSuelda (Sal.; PCS); Taco (Sal.; PCS); (Sal.; (Mex.; (Sal.; Maria PCS); deSanta PCS);Arbol Carrizo PCS); Chimaliote Stick Green lium Unripe fruits had moderate neutralization totoxicity species. titles ofsix alluding this on hemorrhagic HCN. of with As July poisonous, sometimes 2007, FDA listed the Poisonous Database Plant effect pulp may carcinogenic;(TRA). be ingestion (TRA). Fruit Pulp of may severe produce diarrhea isdiscouraged consumption several edible in as internal edible plant books, listed While r r r r r r Eupatorium critonioides Mexicans apply root/shoot decoction to bruises and wounds (AAB). and Mexicans apply tobruises decoction root/shoot for above baths indications of many the steam usein (AAB).Belizeans (AAB). tocysts, oil, apply tumors in sores,and leaf, heated Belizeans snake bite (KAB). bite snake apply to locally internally; powderedfruits and small burned take Transvaal Afrikaans (EGG). bronchosis, diarrhea and for usejuice of asthma, youngPeruvians fruits (EGG). abortifacient an as decoction fruit ripe the take Peruvians (EGG). lemon) honey with juice and for jelly fruit cough (hot bronchosis the and take Peruvians (EGG). intofor ear earache decoction floral drop Peruvians chew leaves the Peruvians for (EGG). toothache HBK.; GREEN STICK ( STICK GREEN E. sartorii Schultz. Critonia morifolia Steetz.; E. megaphyllum ASTERACEAE (Mill.) R. M. King &H.Rob.) King M. + (Mill.) R. Baker; Baker; E. morifoliumE. Bothrops atrox atrox Bothrops Mill.; E. populifo- E. venom venom 241 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 242 Notes: Illustrations: botanists in the country for their medical advisory board is worth following, methinks. On On following, isworth board methinks. advisory medical for their country the in botanists ethno- best the enough tohire smart Anybody medicine. wisdom of shamanistic empirical capable of LisaConte, the who CEO leadership under Francisco, believes San south in the in Col., Ecu., Peru), subject latex, red the species produce species Many American fig(DAV) 80 cidia those names, even if they did not necessarily apply to even names, not did they necessarily those if grado,” “tree’s but some translated blood,” “wood’s blood,” “croton tree.” and I’ve all entered de “Sangre No Spanish. native with Quechua translated name mixed are names Mestizo the Some of languages. Arawak and except Jibaro groups, the in totwowas ethnic common name No onevernacular families. to10 linguistic different corresponding groups 25 ethnic of piedmont Ayacucho, the onefrom rainforest, 14the and belong names to by The Mestizos. from by aborigines used the are names of 24 the summary, delIn Peru. Indigenista Instituto toprefer. I,seem and most by registered gringoes groups the interviewed 25of They 72 ethnic “ her book Meza (1999) around, names common the of astudy titled all I’ll after And have that toadmit, for species. names 2048 common who laboriously hands, devised standardized hired higher Inever anyone heard Hmm. refer toit “dragon’s as blood croton” before, but I’ll abide by the “dragon’s name. common tostandardize decided official standardized blood croton” the as medicine. folk “dragon’s in called similarly used are them are many and thereof blood” orsome variant sordidusC. rochilus name “dragon’sname to applied been blood” also has 1999). apply could orexclusively names Many of also the to for red-blooded And for years I followed Shaman Pharmaceuticals, a venture-capital pharmaceuticals firm firm pharmaceuticals aventure-capital for IfollowedAnd years Pharmaceuticals, Shaman I acquiesce to the judgment of the American Herbal Product Association (AHP) Association which has Product Herbal judgment American of tothe the I acquiesce , Jatropha DRAGON’S BLOOD CROTON BLOOD ( DRAGON’S , C. gossypifolius C. Sangre de grado de Sangre (Andean), (Andean), , Crotons Machaerium C. charaguensis charaguensis C. C. urucurana urucurana C. below, with MEZ to indicate this paper as source (Meza and Pariona, Pariona, and (Meza source as below, paper this toindicate MEZ with (Cr. to Ven.), Ven.), to (Cr. ” not “Sangre dedrago,”” not “Sangre al. et McGuffin as (1997),perhaps and , and , and EUPHORBIACEAE Pterocarpus (Bol.), Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook (Brazil, Par.), and C. hibiscifolius hibiscifolius C. C. draco Croton lechleri lechleri Croton (JAD). Bocconia (Ca., Mex.), C. lecherli C. C. xalapensisC. (Cr. to Ven.), Ven.), to (Cr. , Daemonorops C. palanostigmaC. Croton lechleri Müll. Arg.) + , as generic common names names generic common , as C. draconioides C. salutaris salutaris C. (Ca., Mex). Many of , Dracaena . The common common . The (Brazil, Bol., , C. eryth- (Brazil), , Gliri- Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Common Names: Common MEZ); Zangrado (Sp.; Zangrado MEZ); RDF5:101). (Cacataibo; Pano; Yawar MEZ); Xöncärúbëpin MEZ); (Ayacucho; Gradwascca Que.; MD2; Harakmbet; Tupi; Tsú (Amarakaeri; Uwura Guarai; Widnku (Cocamilla; MEZ); (Achuar; (Achuar;Jibaro; Urúchnum Jibaro; Numi Uruch Jibaro; MEZ); MEZ); MEZ); Umo’i MEZ); (Peru; (Huambisa; Vakiro Uruchnum Uksa MEZ); Chayahuita; (Cahuapana; Jibaro; MEZ); Jibaro; Ujushnum (Aguaruna; MEZ); Ujuchnum (Aguaruna; MEZ); (Bora; TigigonyeitMEZ); Topa MEZ); (Ocaina; Roja Topillo MEZ); Tuúvaée (Peru; MEZ); (Peru; Tucano; (Secoya; Soquéo Stie MEZ); Shipibo; Pano; (Conibo; Karo Shawan MEZ); (Peru; Quiru Shambu MEZ); (Peru; (Sa.;Drago Quiro Vara Señora Shambo MEZ); RAI); (Peru; (Sp.; RDF5:101); Sangre de Palo (Sp.; Sp.;(Peru; USN); (Bol.; MEZ; deGrado Sangre Sp.; Peru; RDF5:101); DAV; USN); del Sangre Arbol Sangue de Agua (Sa.; DAV; Peru; (Ecu.; deDrago (Brazil); Sangre deDragao Sangre RAI); Sangue USN); deDragón Sangre de MEZ); Yanesha; (Peru; (Arahuaca; Sampatil MEZ); Ramparampach MEZ); (Peru; Pucure (Sp.; Palo Sangriento MEZ); RDF5:101);Ashaninka; MEZ); (Peru; Huachana Pashña Omo’i Omon MEZ); (Chayahuita; (Peru); Palo deDrago MEZ); (Arahuaca; Palo deGrado Pano; Ya Nagii (Amahuaca; MEZ); Omo’i MEZ); (Ticuna; Ngugü Gugü (Chayahuita; huaca; Nomatsiguenga; MEZ); Masíkamboya (Amahuaca; MD2; MEZ); Móxooco Jimí ibo; Pano; Shipibo; MEZ); Kosamáti (Arahuaca; Matsigenka; MD2; MEZ); Majati (Ara- Mosho (Con- Pano; Jimi MEZ); Tacana; Amahuaca; Jijimí (Cashinahua; MD2; MEZ); (Arahuaca; MEZ); (Ese’eja; Jata Ashaninka; Akui (Arahuaca; MEZ); Irarika Ashaninka; Irari MEZ);Pano; Iupo Imi (Yaminahua; MEZ);Pano;Imo (Amahuaca; Ifi MEZ); (Peru; (Sp.; Yine; Piro; Huampo MD2; (Arahuaca; MEZ); Ginmunaji RDF5:101); Roja Huampo (Ese’eja; Eshápe píyibe MEZ); (Bora; Tacana; False (Eng.; Balsa MD2; MEZ); DAV); Dragon’s Blood (Eng.; UNS); CR2; Dragon’s Blood Croton(Eng.; Scn.; USN); AH2; Dyéh- (Sa.; Drago Macho MEZ); Balsa (Ecu.); MEZ); (Peru; Atadijo (Peru; RAI); Chokillo (JAD). of sum itsfor parts the proven some has indications, than better whole the Montero “dragon’s Antonio Pisco, recommends my shaman, blood” which, atleast available, “dragon’s you I’d bet oral can taking be blood.” Pharmaceuticals, Shaman Unlike Iwere if todevelop And Peru. orpharmaceutical no doctor tropical had in and cholera Peru in just job in one. the That’saccomplished why Iuse“dragon’s blood” when Iget acut orabrasion four whole synergic days, in the over. while heal granulation caused compounds isolated The whole “dragon’s called blood.” were They causing wounds synergic to exfoliated in in rats of pycnogenols that showing dimethylcedrusine, of parts synergy a reprint the taspine, and whole, synergic the should providego than for silver isolated mewith rather the bullet magic 21with days of Virend. topical clovirside-effects significant were noted” side numerous has “No clinically effectstoboot. “dragon’s (in Peru, internally internally). than Acy- taken rather blood” isalso participants, Montero “dragon’snio applied Pisco, has workshop other many blood” tomeand topically year. each diagnosed cases new 500,000 with worldwide, people million 30 than more affects herpes lesions, conditions. Genital well as ahost medical herpes of as ica other totreat SP-303,compound South Amer- in for used aplant isderived that from generations been has formulation of which isatopical the Virend, herpes. genital with patients in study III Phase apivotal planning begun has results, Shaman onthese …Based herpes genital recurring and involved study …The 45 AIDS trial with patients clinical lesions II aphase in herpes ing was shown its drug, efficacious plant-derived heal- in tobe Virend, anti-viral that announced Inc.(NASDAQ: Pharmaceuticals, out apressrelease today saying fired they Shaman SHMN) phytomedicines, among onsynergy 25, tothem Oct. 1995, Ilectured some two weeks after Ironic that employees of Shaman Pharmaceuticals, who, like most pharmaceutical firms, firms, pharmaceutical most like who, Pharmaceuticals, Shaman of employees that Ironic topically, was product used Anto- Shaman just my the as shaman, isthat excitingThe thing 243 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 244 Dosages: Indications: Activities: r 1980s.the for it back in used be could that that Napo indicate orbites, did stings people onthe but local useof ethnomedical tothe weeks. Ihave literature references many not the seen in 1–3×/day orally oralcohol, taken water, cold in for orwarm juice, milk, latex, up to3 mixed of bark drops 5–20 applications. generally Traditional dosesare water for internal and topical it tobugbites topically suggests of aglass stings. He also “blood” acouple in and of the drops FNFF = X. Since he came on board (ca. 1994) our “shaman,” Antonio Montero Pisco, applied SHM). PM55:140; PM60:541; X14736360; RAR; RAI; X15507372; X2748730; 60P); Yeast (f; MD2; nosis (1; DAV; (f; VD RAI); MD2); (1; Viruses 60P); Wounds RAI; (f1; DAV; CTD; MPG; (f; CTD); (f1; Ulcers DAV; X10898763; MD2; RAI; X14736360); Uterosis (1; DAV); Vagi- (f;Swelling (f; MD2); Thrush Tonsilitis RAI); (f; SHM); Toothache (f; SHM); Tuberculosis (f; Throat MD2; RAI); (f1;Rheumatism MPG); RSV (1; HAD); (1; Sarcoma Sores (1; RAI); DAV; MD2); HAD; Sore (f; (f;Pneumonia SHM); Pyorrhea RDF5:101); (f; Rashes Respirosis (1; RAI); RAI); HAD; (1; Pain RAI); X11564183); (1; Parainfluenza Parotitis RAI); MD2);(f; Pharyngosis (f; SHM); (f;Nephrosis BEJ); (1; Neuroses RDF5:101); RAI; (f; Oliguria RDF5:101); Onychopathy (f; (f; (1; MD2); Leukemia RDF5:101); RAI; (f1; Leukorrhea DAV; RAI); (f; RAR); Mycosis (1; RAI); Laryngosis 60P); X758452; X11564183; X14598201; X15507372; 60P; (f1; Infection RAI); BEJ; PM60:541; X10898763; RAI; X7809208; 60P);(f1; Inflammation (f1; DAV; RAR); Hepatosis (1; RAI; 60P); (1; Herpes RAI; X14736360; RAI; 60P); (f; IBS (f1;trosis DAV; X10898763); HAD; Gingivosis (f; (f; Gonorrhea MD2); RAI); Hemorrhoids (1; Flu (f1;RAI); SHM; 60P); Fracture RAI; DAV; (f; RAR); Fungus Gas- RAI; MD2; RAI); (1;SHM); Dysentery HAD); (1; (f; Eczema Edema RAI); X758452); Enterosis (f1; DAV; MD2; (f12; (1; Neuropathy betic Diarrhea RDF5:101; RAI); X14736360); (f1; Duodenosis RDF5:101; (1;megalovirus 60P); (f; (f; Dia- SHM); (f; Diabetes Decubitus Dermatosis RAI); RAI; RAI); (f1; DAV; Cholera (1; RAI); RDF5:101); Colic (f; RDF5:101); (1; Cramps RDF5:101);stomach (f1; (f; Cancer, uterus MD2); MD2; RAI); (f; Candidiasis MD2; SHM); Childbirth Cyto- CTD); Cancer, colon (1; Cancer, liver RAI); (f1; (f; Cancer, Cancer, skin RAI); MD2; RAI); (f1; Cancer PM60:541;RAI); HAD; X14736360; RAI; X15507372; 60P); Cancer, (f; bone PM60:541; RAI; X7809208); (f;Abortion CTD); (f; Allergies Aphtha (f1; RAI); RAI); Bites (f1; RAI; X14736360);RAR). Bleeding (f1; CTD;RDF5:101); DAV; (1; Prooxidant X14598201; X9406898); (f1; Vulnerary MPG; DAV; PM60:541; (f1; RDF5:101); RAI; Immunostimulant RAI; Neuroprotective (1; X11564183); (1; Phagocytotic (f1; DAV; (f1; RDF5:101); Immunodepressant RAI; RAI); (1; Immunomodulator X14598201); Contraceptive (f; MD2); Cytotoxic (1; PM60:541; 60P); Fungicide (f; MD2; Hemostat RAI); (f;Candidicide MD2); (f1; Cicatrizant PM55:140; MPG; X15507372; RAI; X2748730; 60P); (1;Antiviral 60P); (f1; Astringent RAI; MPG); (1; Bactericide PM60:541; X7809208); RAI; (1; X10898763; RAI; (1; 60P); Antitumor PM60:541; 60P); (1; Antiulcer X10898763); RAI; (1;Antiphagocytotic RDF5:101); (1; (1; 60P); Antiradicular Antirheumatic MPG); Antiseptic (1;kemic RDF5:101); (1; Antimutagenic (1; Antioxidant RAI); X14598201; X9406898; 60P); (1;(f1;herpetic X14598201; 60P); Antiinflammatory X15507372; X758452;60P); Antileu- Analgesic (1; X11564183); Anticomplement (1; RDF5:101); (1; Antiedemic X758452); Anti- tumors, ulcers, and wounds (RAI). and ulcers, tumors, cancer, dyspepsia, bleeding, fever, infections, usefor bacterial mycoses,Brazilians Staphylococcus Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook (1; 60P); MPG; Stings (f; Stomatosis (f1; RAI); RAI); Bacillus (1; RDF5:101); Bacteria (1; (1; Bacteria RDF5:101); (1; Leishmania Croton for for Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Extracts: Downsides: Common Names: Common Notes: Synonyms: eral phenolic compounds and diterpenes show strong antibacterial activity (X7809208). activity show antibacterial strong diterpenes and phenolic compounds eral but cells, sev- of proliferation endothelial effect the upon little had and non-cytotoxic be activity i.p.(X14598201). age dependent), antiinflammatory good and Sap was tofound scavenging T-cells,vated radical capacity, (dos- free properties orprooxidant antioxidant (X10898763). Latex shows immunomodulatory activity, inhibitionafferent-dependentactions and sensory of antiinflammatory, proliferation antimicrobial, via distress and of acti- Studies show it to be a potent and cost-effective treatment for gastrointestinal ulcers wounds and (X14736360). bites, tumors, stomach ulcers, insect e.g., herpes, for diarrhea, (RDF5:101). penicillin and Studies active more against 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenol and 17 (X2748730). after of activity months promoter treatment 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene Taspine cicatrizant totoxicity species. titles of alluding this three listed base (X16047362). lymphocytes normal in seen of As July 2007, FDA the Poisonous Data- Plant with acute leukemias may have actually stimulated survival of leukemic cells, with no effect los quema tejidos” porque showed study givengroso One extract (RAR). that to53 children dedrago” (as useof SHM). sangre “peli- in quoted for internal known “No side the are effects r r r r r r EGG; RAR; SOU); MPG). (Nscn). Wira-Wira (Peru; RAR; EGG; Sp.; (Peru; Sierra la de Vira Vira Sp.; DLZ); (Bol.; Sierra la de Vira SOU); Sp.; EGG; (Peru; Sp.; (Peru; Sp.; EGG); (Peru; Pulluaga MPG); Pfhuiña (Peru; Kina EGG); Milguash Kina (Aym.;EGG); Huira-Huira Bol.; Que.; Peru; SOU); DLZ; MPG; MPG); Huisa-Huisa (Peru; Sp.; (Peru; MPG); Sp.; Huira (Peru; delaSierra EGG); Huira EGG); Huayo Huira Sp.; (Peru; EGG); (Peru; MPG); (Peru; Huila-Huila EGG);Anckosh Ckola-Huiru (Peru; (Peru; Ancosh Culticium. as anagramatically misspelled Genus often HBK;(MPG). fide Culcitium rufescens rufescens Culcitium Peruvians a make contraceptive of dragon’s blood and paico (MD2). RAI). woundsnosis, (MD2; and vagi- ulcers, tumors, toothache, rheumatism, rashes, pharyngosis, laryngosis, infection, Candida (X2748730), consider itPeruvians cicatrizant using for also bug bleeding, bites, cancer, (MD2). apply yeast wounds, dragon’sPeruvians and sores,thrush, blood toleishmanial douche for (MD2). gonorrhea dragon’s mix deDios Peruvians Madre blood with possibly (MD2). mumps of for resin 3drops with sorethroat, tea coca salted gargle deDios Peruvians Madre and(RAI). wounds usefor cancer, inflammation, Ecuadorians , diabetes, diarrhea, eczema, fractures, gastroenterosis, gingivosis, gastroenterosis, hemorrhoid, fractures, eczema, diarrhea, , diabetes, HUIRA HUIRA ( HUIRA HUIRA in vivo in H. &B; in mice (ED50 = 0.375 mg/kg) with no carcinogenic or tumor =0.375 ortumor (ED50 no carcinogenic with mice in mg/kg) Senecio canescens Culcitium canescens ASTERACEAE in vitro and in vivo in (H. &B)(H. Cuatr.; Bacillus subtilis Plantago major Plantago support most ethnomedical uses, H. &B.) + S. rufescensS. than chloramphenicol leaf decoction as a as decoction leaf Cuatr, nonCuatr, 245 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 246 Common Names: Common Notes: Extracts: Dosages: Indications: Activities: (Eng.; Jam.; de AVP; Planta (Ma.; JFM); Love BUR; Matalimon Weed JFM); (Ma.; JFM); AUS; (Creole; Lamitye JFM); Haiti; VOD); Love Bush (Eng.; Jam.; Love BUR; JFM); Vine (Ven.;Oro AUS; AVP; (Dwi.; Diabel Ma.; di AUS; Hilu (Maya; JFM); Mex.; Kanlecay JFM); Z’amourette AVP); (Mart.; z’Amitié Herbe (Guad.; AVP); (Sp.; Mala Hierba AUS); de Hilo AUS);AUS; AUS; (Mart.; (Mart.; aAmitie Herbe aAmourette Herbe JFM); a Herbe JFM); AVP); Fios AUS); deOvos (Brazil; (Fr.; Gale AVP); (Dwi.; AUS); Garen Hell Weed (Ma.; Fideí- JFM); AUS; Ma.; (Cuba; tos (Dor.; AUS); AHL; Fideo(s) Fideillo AUS); (Col.; (Col.; Dor.; Cuba; Pr.; Ven.; Cotorra AUS; AVP); Enreda (Fr.; Madame Fil JFM); AUS; Ma.; (Dwi.; Devil’s (Eng.; Dodder Gut (Ma.; JFM); Jam.; Pr.; AVP; VOD); BUR; JFM; Duivelsnaaigaren (Por.;Dourado AVP); (Fr.; Cuscute AVP); Haiti; d’Amérique Cuscute AUS; (Haiti; AVP); Pr.; Ven.; AUS; (Col.; AVP; Curedilla Ma.; JFM); AUS; (Por.; Cuscuta JFM); AVP); Cuscuta Corde à Violon (Guad.;(Fr.; Mart.; AVP); Por.; Cipó (Brazil; Chumbo AUS; AUS; AVP; Por.; (Brazil; Cipó Dourado JFM); AUS); AVP); Cremaiflère(It.); Cheveaux deVenus (Fr.; AVP); Cheveaux deVierge(Fr.; (Fr.; AVP); Cheveaux duDiable AVP);(Pr.; AUS);Cuerda Bejuquito deAmor(Dor.; AVP); Cabello deÁngelde (Chile; Sp.; AVP);Violin Carpaterra (Col.;de Buey (Ma.; Pr.; AUS; Bejuco JFM); deFideo (Cuba; AUS; AVP; RyM); Bejuco deMono AUS; (Dor.; AUS); Bassbiol AUS; (Ma.; AHL; JFM); Strings Bejuco Amarillo Bejuco JFM); Ma.; AUS; Falso (Ma.; AUS; Amor (Fr.; JFM); Angourre AVP); JFM); (Ma.; Arhui Arhui AUS; Mart.; (Haiti; Neguer (Dwi.;Amitie di AVP; Amor (Ma.; JFM); Falsoe Amora JFM); (Eng.; Dodder Scn.; American AH2); (Ma.; Mondi JFM); di (Ma.; JFM); Abrazos atwo-way be can parasite host street. between and plant’s DNA defenses. and themselves species, many wrap transfer Dodders around natural foreign enabling perhaps plant, DNA host inner into the toescape tendrils tiny by inserting (dodder) atleast onegene (atp1) passed has tooneof its host that It appears off them. feed that species Some parasitic genes host pass tothe plants (X7805141). hypnosis prolonged also was pentobarbital-induced analgesic extract and Methanolic r r FNFF = X. (f;MPG); EGG). Rheumatism EGG); Fever (f; EGG); (f; Flu (1; MPG); Pain X7805141); (f; Prostatosis EGG); Respirosis (f; (f;Asthma SOU); MPG); Coughs (f; Cystosis RAR; (f; MPG; EGG; EGG); Dyspepsia (f; SOU). MPG; DLZ; (f; rific (f;MPG); Febrifuge EGG); Mucolytic (f; (f; MPG); Pectoral SOU); MPG; DLZ; Sudo- EGG; Analgesic (1; X7805141); Antitussive (f; RAR); (f; Depurative (f; EGG); Expectorant EGG; 2–3 leaves in milk for asthmatic coughs (MPG). for2–3 leaves asthmatic milk in of tea pectoral; and febrifuge, depurative, as expectorant, tea aqueous take Peruvians (DLZ).in coughs sudorific and Bolivians suggest pectoral as plant decoction AMERICAN DODDER ( DODDER AMERICAN CUSCUTACEAE Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Cuscuta americana Plantago L.) + . Cuscuta Cuscuta taps into host into taps Cuscuta Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Extracts: Downsides: Dosages: Indications: Activities: volvulaceous ergoline alkaloids and calystegines in calystegines in and volvulaceous ergoline alkaloids book, great his In this species. ofAs July totoxicity 2007, twoof titles FDA alluding listed the Poisonous Database Plant r r r r r r r r r r FNFF = ? VOD); Strongyloidiasis (1; X2082565); Wounds (f; DAW; VOD). (f;Parasites AUS; AHL; DAW); Heat (f; Prickly AUS); (f; Scrofula BUR); Sores (f; DAW; VOD; X17040567); Mange (f; DAW); (f; Marasmus AUS; EB30:135; (f; Pain JFM); JFM); (f;(f; Infection DAW; JFM); VOD); Itch (f; AUS; DAW; VOD); JFM; Jaundice (f; EB30:135; AUS; Fever JFM); (f; AUS; BUR); (f; Gas AUS; DAW; VOD); Hepatosis (f; VOD); Impotence (f;Dermatosis VOD); (f; Dysentery AUS; Dyspepsia (f; JFM); AUS; (f; Dysuria BUR; JFM); DAW; Colds (f; JFM); AUS; Colic (f; JFM); AUS; Constipation (f; JFM); AUS; DAW; VOD); (f;Amenorrhea AUS; (f; Anorexia JFM); VOD); Backache (f; Biliousness (f; JFM); AUS; (f;Vulnerary DAW). DAW); Purgative (f; VOD); Resolvent (f; DAW); Stomachic (f; BUR); Tonic (f; AUS); X2082565); Laxative (f; AUS; DAW; VOD); Orexigenic (f; VOD); Parasiticide (f; AHL; nagogue (f; AUS; (f; Febrifuge AUS; JFM); BUR); Hydragogue (f; BUR); (1; Larvicide DAW; VOD); (f; Cicatrizant VOD); (f; Deodorant DAW); Digestive (f; BUR); Emme- VOD); (f1; (f; Astringent Aphrodisiac JFM); EB30:135; (f; HOC); AUS; Carminative Alterative (f; AUS); (f; Antibilious AUS); (f; Antiparasitic AUS); (f; Antiseptic DAW; (Vi.;Dodder prepared). AVP; diacritically entries (American JFM). Tignasse (Fr.; AVP); Vermicelle Yellow VP); St. Bart.; (Haiti; Vermicelli (Ma.; Wild JFM); (Dwi.; AUS); Teigne (St. AVP); Bart.; Teigne Rogne (Fr.; AVP); Teuferlszwirn (Ger.; AVP); (Col.; Sp.; AVP); Rejillo (Col.; AUS; Rougeot JFM); (Fr.; AVP); Ruble (Fr.; AVP); Snaar Bruja (Ma.; Sp.; AUS; (Ma.; Sp.; Pie sin Planta AUS; JFM); (Fr.; Râche JFM); AVP); Regillo cutaceae. One must remember that parasites, like like parasites, that must remember One cutaceae. family, for independent respectively. an Cus- astronger candidate Cuscutaceae renders This stercoralis for larvicidal extract leaf host Aqueous plants. methanolic DNA their from Yucatanese take tea for dyspepsia tea Yucatanese biliousness and (JFM). take X17040567). it with (JFM; for for bathe tea and jaundice marasmus the take Trinidadans (JFM). cold, colic, marasmus for and tea pediatric drink Jamaicans laxative (VOD). and carminative as plant tea usethe Haitians (VOD). juice orwhole hepatosis, for orjaundice the anorexia, plant macerate take Haitians (VOD). cicatrizant and antiseptic itch, an as and ondermatosis apply decoction the Haitians for tea stem jaundice (VOD). the drink Dominicans herbfor (AUS). usethe jaundice constipation and Cubans (JFM). heat itch prickly tobathe and and aphrodisiac as plant decoction take Bahamans over decoction well-being topromote the (JFM). time take Argentinians (X2082565). Florida Ethnobotany Florida , Dan Austin (2004) seems to rule out both the con- the out both torule (2004) Austin seems , Dan Cuscuta Cuscuta , may extract phytochemicals and and may phytochemicals extract , , citing Eich and Schimming, , citing Eich Schimming, and Strongyloides 247 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 248 Synonyms: Illustrations: Dosages: Indications: Activities: Names: Common Notes: Cyclanthera digitata fig(DAV) 85 r r (RA2). blood sugar, diuretic as digestion, and balance (RA2); 1–2 gcapsules 2×/dayfor inflammation blood and high pressure for atherosclerosis, 2×/day juice 2×/day juice (RA2); ¼cup fruit cup fruit ¼–½ (DLZ); onto tumors poulticed (FAC; eaten also leaves tender baked; then andshoots cheese, fish, with ormeat, RA2). Leaves FNFF = ! Fruit eaten, much like bell peppers, cooked like zucchini, pickled, raw, or stuffed RA2); Worms (f; EGG). X15124085); (f; Otosis RA2); (f; EGG; Pain RA2); (f; Parasites RA2); Tonsilosis (f; EGG; RA2); Triglycerides High (f12; (f1; RA2);MPB; Inflammation EGG; JAF49:5156;RA2; RAI; (f; RA2); (f; Blood High Pressure DAV; RA2); Cholesterol High (f12; JAF49:5156; EGG; (f;betes DAV; JAF49:5156; SOU); RA2; Enterosis (f; RA2); Fever (f; DLZ; SOU); Gastrosis (f;Angina EGG); Atherosclerosis (f; RA2); (f; Cancer DLZ); Circulosis (f; RA2); EGG; Dia- (f12;Hypotriglyceridemic RA2); (1; Trypsin-Inhibitor X16635550); Vermifuge (f; EGG). olemic (f12; JAF49:5156; RA2); Hypoglycemic (f; JAF49:5156); Hypotensive (f; DAV; RA2); (f; SOU); (f; RA2; tifrice Diuretic RA2); (f; EGG; Febrifuge DLZ; SOU); Hypocholester- JAF49:5156;EGG; RA2); (f1; Antioxidant JAF49:5156; RA2); (f; Antiparasitic RA2); Den- Analgesic (f; RA2); (f; Antiatherosclerotic (f; (f; RA2); Antidiabetic RA2); Antiinflammatory de Comer (Por.; USN). (Eng.; RA2); RA2; POR; POR; Ocn.; Cucumber Wild AH2; PIO); (RA2); TaiiuiáCucumber deComer (Brazil; deCipó Taimiá (Por.; RA2); POR; Taimiá (Col.;Pepino deRellenar Sp.; FAC; (Eng.; RA2); IED; Slipper Gourd RA2); POR; Stuffing (Eng.; POR); Lady (RA2); Kaywa (Bol.;kua Que.; (Eng.; DLZ); Korila Ger.; FAC; USN); RA2; POR; Korilla (Fr.; USN); RA2; POR; Jachoxcha (Aym.; EGG); Peru; Kai- Bol.; (Aguaruna; DLZ); Kaíhua USN); SOU); Cayhua EGG; (Fr.; Concombre (Peru; desAndes POR); Concombre Grimpant RA2; SOU; USN); Caihua (Peru; Sp.; RA2; SOU; USN); Caygua (Cr.; Scn.;(Col.; Sp.; AH2; RA2; IED); Caiba (Sp.; RA2; USN); Caigua(Aym.; (Bol.; Bol.; Que.; Peru; DLZ; FAC; Cinti; SOU); RA2; Achokcho EGG; (Arg.; PIO); Haiti; Archucha Peru; Sp.; DAV; Que.; USN);Achoccha (Peru; RA2; Achocha (Japan; Que.; Sp.; DLZ; FAC; POR; RA2); POR; Achojcha melevation up to2,000 (RA2). America, in valleysSouth itin mountainous grows Able cold prolifically temperatures, towithstand pedata antiinflammatory (RA2). leaves a/o olive fruit in analgesic the and apply boil an and oil as topically Peruvians (RA2). tonsilitis and blood cholesterol, parasites, high high pressure, orders, intestinal dis- gastrointestinal earaches, problems, diabetes, circulatory arteriosclerosis, angina, and diuretic, hypoglycemic, using considerfor analgesic,Peruvians antiinflammatory, .(basionym); L. CAYGUA ( ’ s Slipper (RA2); Pepino Andino (RA2); Pepino deComer (Sp.; (RA2);s Slipper Pepino Andino USN); RA2; Arm.; M . pedisecta C Cyclanthera pedata . edulis edulis CUCURBITACEAE Ler.;(PIO; fide USN). Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Naud.; Naud.; C. pedata (L.) Schrad.) ++ Schrad.) (L.) var. var. edulis edulis (Naudin) Cogn.; Momordica Momordica Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Extracts: Downsides: Synonyms: Activities: Names: Common Notes: (300 mg) dehydrated fruit juice capsules/day,(300 mg) dehydrated fruit lowering cholesterol total up to21.51% (RA2). juice or2 just in 10–21 results 100 fruit cc achieved days, patients similar studies, taking similar 1 year, 82% lowered patients 60 of LDL cholesterol the their by 18.3% several (RA2). In other juice capsules/day using adouble-blind study placebo, placebo or46(300In mg) for fruit to toxicity species. of this of (RA2). As July 2007,onetitle alluding FDAreported listed the Poisonous Database Plant Not covered (AHP; KOM; orside PH2). effects contraindications interactions, No drug r r r r r r Chlorocyperus articulatus Chlorocyperus articulatus cus cus (1; (f; RA2); (1; Aphrodisiac Bactericide UPW); RA2); (1; Candidicide X15707770); RA2; (1;Antiemetic (1; PH2; RA2); Antifeedant X10861974); (f1; RA2); Antioxidant Antimalarial (f;Abortifacient DAV; (f; RA2); WBB); Anthelmintic (1; Anticonvulsant X11390127); RA2; (RA2). (RA2); Zacoo Conibo; MD2; RA2); Yahuar Piripiri CR2; (Sp.; Piripiri (RA2); Savane (RA2); RA2);rioca MD2; Tremblante Waste (RA2); (Amahuaca; Shakó Prip- (Shipibo/ (RA2); Nuni Sp.; DAV); (Peru; Piriprioca (RA2); Víbora de Piripiri Huaste (RA2); Sangre de Nihue Piripiri USN); (RA2); Huaste Masho (RA2); Mandassi (RA2); (Eng.; Sedge USN);Flat RA2; Kajiji Yine; RA2); MD2; (Piro; Karihi (RA2); Kamaleji MD2; RA2); Jointed (Huachipaeri; MD2; RA2); (Matsigenka; Ibenkiki (RA2); Ibenki Huaste USN); (RA2); Rush (RA2; (RA2); Guinea Hadrue (RA2); (RA2); Andek Chintul Adrue deDios. not Madre Loreto, if “piripiri.” Strangely they did not mention contraceptive the concept which universal seems in Most medicine. of species than more superstition tous gringoes one for onefor onefor happiness, and hunting, love. it called They select choices onefor onefor of “piripiris,” luck, good one fishing, oneforfor health, farming, (1995) Alexiades and it deDios has ownLacaze Madre each indigenous in group that note “enea,”as “hadsrow,” “junco,” bravo,” “junco rush.” or“sontul.” “guinea it iscalled India In such(“del not others selecting haunts, that’s my vibora”) in because Amazon used name the Ipickedoffered names piripiri the common all for Of goodness scientific names. Thank USN). Peruvians use the roots to clean teeth (DLZ; RA2). (DLZ; toclean teeth roots usethe Peruvians for gastrosis (RA2). fruit a/o useseeds Peruvians (RA2). parasites for seed intestinal crushed 1gdry take Peruvians (RA2). adiuretic as and blood tonsilitis, high pressure, problems, for diabetes, juice tea a/o atherosclerosis, circulatory fruit the take Peruvians hypoglycemic, decoction consider leaf the using (RA2).Peruvians for diabetes for agargle using (RA2). as tonsilitis milk, in fruit the boil Peruvians Some consider Forssk.; Forssk.; C . nodosus C . elongatus elongatus PIRIPIRI ( Humb. &Bonpl. ex Willd.; Rikli.; a synonym. Taxonomybest. at difficult Cyperus articulatus Cyperus corymbosus corymbosus Cyperus CYPERACEAE C . subnodosus Rottb.; Rottb.; L.) ++ C Cyperus . Cyperus Nees &Meyen;Nees (RA2; fide diphyllus in Peru are called called are Peru in sp. it’s (MD2) and Retz.; Retz.; C . niloti- 249 C Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3C © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 250 Downsides: Dosages: Indications: RA2); (f; Snoring DAV); Spasms (f; RA2); Pseudomonas PH2; RA2); (f; Neurosis (f; (f; RA2); RA2); PH2; Pain Ophthalmia RA2); JFM; PMS (f; PH2); (f; Sickness (f;RA2); RA2); Morning UPW); Migraine Mycosis JFM; (1; RA2); Nausea (f1; X11163936);PH2; RA2; (f; Leukorrhea (f1; PH2); Mastosis (f; UPW); Malaria RA2; PH2; mesis (f; PH2); (f; PH2); Hematuria (f; (f1; Infection Impotence UPW); (f1; RA2); Insomnia (1;Fungus RA2); (f1; Gas PH2; RA2); (f; Gastrosis RA2); (f; Headache PH2; RA2); Hemate- Epigastrosis (f; PH2); Epilepsy (f1; RA2); Fever (f; DAV; (f; Flu JFM); DAV); (f; Fright DAV); Dyspepsia (f1; WOI); PH2; RA2; (f; Dysuria RA2); (f; Edema Enterosis UPW); (f; RA2); JFM; (f; (f; Cramps (f;UPW); Dysentery RA2); JFM); RA2); Diarrhea (f; Dysmenorrhea PH2; RA2); WBB); Conjunctivosis (f; RA2); Convulsions (1; X11390127); RA2; (f; Coughs RA2; JFM; Database listed three titles alluding totoxicity species. of titles alluding this three listed Database not known” (PH2). dosages are therapeutic of As Julyignated 2007, FDA the Poisonous Plant Not covered of des- (AHP). orside effects following risks “Health administration proper the r r r r r r r r 2–3×/day fluid ml extract (RA2). FNFF = ! 6–9 g root (PH2); 1–2 g capsule 2×/day (RA2); 1 cup rhizome tea 2×/day (RA2); 2 UPW;RA2; WBB); Wounds (f; DAV; RA2); Yeast (1; RA2); Yellow Fever (f; JFM). (f;Stress RA2); Swelling (f; Toothache UPW); (f; WBB); RA2; Vaginosis (f1; RA2); Worms (f1; RA2); Cancer, throat (f;RA2); Cancer, throat RA2); (f; (f;Alopecia RA2); Amenorrhea PH2); (1; Bacteria RA2); Bites (f; DAV); (f; Bleeding DAV; fuge (f1; (f; Vulnerary UPW); DAV; RA2; RA2). (f1; X11163936); PH2; RA2; (f; Stimulant SKJ); Stomachic (f; RA2); Tonic (f; SKJ); Vermi- (f;ine (1; (1; RA2); NO-Inhibitor RA2); Sedative RA2); Prostaglandin-Synthetase-Inhibitor RA2); Fungicide (1; RA2); (f; Hemostat DAV; (1; RA2); Insectifuge UPW; X10861974); Nerv- Carminative (f1; PH2; RA2); Contraceptive (f1; RA2); Demulcent (f; RA2); Digestive (1; (RA2). bite orprevent snake towounds applied totreat and and tonic baldness, hair as used or tofacilitate induce abortion, as childbirth a an contraceptive, for and cancer; throat (including epilepsy), disorders vous mental and for and digestive to GI disorders, and ner- juice for stress, usethe in anervetonic and rhizomes fresh grind Shipibo-Conibo RA2). towater for rhizome fever,Secoya ground add and nervousness fright, (SAR; flu, (RA2). wounds vomiting, and cancer, tumors, bite, throat snake stress, spasms, pain, rheumatic nausea, epilepsy,pepsia, fever, disorders, and nervous mental hemorrhage, disorders, flu, GI dysentery, conjunctivitis, dys- convulsions, coughs,diarrhea, for childbirth, baldness, contraceptive,carminative, hemostat, stomachic, nervine, tonic, using vulnerary, and antivenom, antiepileptic, anticonvulsant, consider herbabortifacient, the Peruvians bite cudonto (DAV). snake the chew pulp (considered the Peruvians abortifacient), swallowing poultice juice and the wishes some she when had wager Isnore. Duke Mrs. (DAV). snoring nose toalleviate their in stems crushed I’ll stuff Native Americans toprevent (MD2). illness piripiri with children their believe bathe and deDios plant off for snakes Peruvians good the Madre warding Ese’eja (RA2). dysentery and useit for diarrhea Indians usefor dysentery,Brazilians fever, (RA2). headache and (1; RA2); (f; Respirosis (f; Bite Snake Rheumatism UPW); UPW); (f; DAV; MD2; Candida Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook (1; X15707770); RA2; (f; RA2); Colic (f; Childbirth Staphylococcus (1; RA2); Stomachache (f; RA2); Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 21:25 23 Sep 2021; For: 9781420043174, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420043174.ch3 © 2009byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ofLatin Plants ofMedicinal Duke's Handbook Downsides: Dosages: Indications: Activities: Names: Common Extracts: Synonyms: Illustrations: ex Ham.; Bolivians consider the plant toxic to grazing cattle (DLZ). cattle Bolivians consider plant toxic the tograzing r r r r r FNFF = ? Stomachache (f; DAV; EGG). (f;Infection (f; MD2); (f; JTR); Malaria Pain MD2); Respirosis (f; EGG); Stings (f; MD2); (f; DAV);Childbirth (f; DAV; Diarrhea EGG); Fever (f; EGG); (f; Gastrosis DAV; EGG); JTR); Sudorific (f;EGG); Tonic (f;EGG). ceptive (f; EGG); (f; Diuretic (f; JTR); (f; Febrifuge DAV); EGG); Parturient Stomachic (f; Analgesic (f; (f; MD2); (f; JTR); (f; Antiseptic Antidote MD2); EGG); Antimalarial Contra- MD2).Shako (Amahuaca; MD2); (Peru; (Bol.; Wanarpu (Ese’eja;Qhora Sachichi Que.; DLZ); Sacha Piri-Piri MD2); DAV); (Peru; Muchu EGG); (Bol.; Piripiri (Peru; Khuchi Callawaya; DLZ); Piripiri Papagallo (Shipibo/Conibo; EGG); Shani Amen (Brazil; MD2); (USN); deCheiro Capim Calingale moderate effect for picrotoxin- or bicuculline-induced seizures (X11390127). seizures effect for orbicuculline-induced picrotoxin- moderate i.p. (1,000 mouse) mg/kg seizures no but or exhibited strychnine-induced in anticonvulsant menthol (X15707770). and linalool, limonene, germacrene-D, extract rhizome Methanolic EO active against Cyperus engelmannii p 251 (MD2) Tikuna use crushed fruits to induce labor (DAV). labor toinduce fruits usecrushed Tikuna and tonic (EGG). respiratory, sudorific, febrifugal, antidotal, decoction consider rhizome the Peruvians (MD2). wounds infected bulbs toray and apply stings mashed deDios heated Peruvians Madre (JTR). sudorific stomachic, and diuretic, antimalarial, consider rhizome the Cubans stomachache and (DAV). cold for water take diarrhea macerate Chami T . ferax ferax Candida albicans Candida (Rich.) Urb.; SACHA PIRI-PIRI ( PIRI-PIRI SACHA Steud.; Steud.; C . T ferax ferax . odoratum ; antimicrobial compounds included 1,8-cineole, geranial, included 1,8-cineole, geranial, compounds ; antimicrobial CYPERACEAE Rich.; Cyperus odoratus (L.)MD2; S.(EGG; USN). S. fide Hooper; C . luzulae (L.) Metz; L.) ++ ouiimconfertum Torulinium Desv. 251 C