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ESTUDIO COMPARADO DE MENSAJES TELEVISIVOS DE LA TELEVISIÓN VENEZOLANA RCTV Y VTV Entre Abril 2.002 Y Junio 2.003

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ESTUDIO COMPARADO DE MENSAJES TELEVISIVOS DE LA TELEVISIÓN VENEZOLANA RCTV Y VTV Entre Abril 2.002 Y Junio 2.003 UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA ANDRÉS BELLO FACULTAD DE HUMANIDADES Y EDUCACIÓN ESCUELA DE COMUNICACIÓN SOCIAL MENCIÓN AUDIOVISUAL TRABAJO DE GRADO ESTUDIO COMPARADO DE MENSAJES TELEVISIVOS DE LA TELEVISIÓN VENEZOLANA RCTV y VTV entre Abril 2.002 y Junio 2.003 TESISTA: KARLINA CARDONE TUTOR: LICENCIADO CÉSAR CONTRERAS ALTUVE Septiembre, 2004 DEDICATORIA Este trabajo quiero dedicárselo en primer lugar a Dios por darme la vida y permitirme ver hoy, culminado este gran sueño. A mis padres, por ser una guía, ser un excelente ejemplo a seguir y porque siempre confiaron en mi, hoy deseo cumplir con uno de sus grandes sueños verme graduada de Licenciada en Comunicación Social, en la universidad que siempre quisieron. A mis hermanas, Carolina y Karelia, por ser mis más fieles compañeras y amigas, por confiar en mi, por siempre estar a mi lado y preguntarme por mis exámenes, mis notas y siempre estar pendiente cada vez que finalizaba un semestre. A mi novio, Víctor Vieira por ser el amor de mi vida, por escucharme, por su enorme paciencia, por ser el hombre que me ha acompañado en los buenos y malos momentos de mi carrera y de mi vida; le dedico este trabajo porque el triunfo es de los dos. A mi tía Lucila, por darme fortaleza en el desarrollo de esta investigación, además de su conocimiento y su ayuda sin interés alguno. AGRADECIMIENTOS Quiero agradecer a Dios y a la Virgen de Betania por darme fortaleza y sabiduría en los momentos más difíciles de esta carrera, gracias por siempre escuchar mis oraciones y por hacer que este sueño sea una realidad. A la Universidad Católica Andrés Bello y a la Escuela de Comunicación Social por brindarme la oportunidad de estudiar esta profesión, en tan valiosa institución. A mi tutor el Licenciado Cesar Contreras, gracias por todo el conocimiento brindado y sobre todo por confiar en mi y en este trabajo, gracias por ser un gran profesional y saber guiar mis pasos en esta profesión para mi futuro. A la profesora Caroline Oteiza por todo el tiempo invertido en esta investigación y por compartir su conocimiento. Agradezco a los canales de televisión, Radio Caracas Televisión y Venezolana de Televisión por otorgarme cada uno de los videos en estudio. Gracias a mis padres por tener tanta paciencia, para que cada una de sus hijas cumpliéramos nuestros sueños y al mismo tiempo cumpliéramos sus sueños. A mis hermanas, Carolina y Karelia les agradezco por confiar en mi y ayudarme de forma económica, intelectual y emocional para que yo saliera adelante A mi novio Victor Vieira, gracias por existir y darme ánimos en aquellos momentos cuando pensaba que esto no lo iba a lograr, gracias por ser mi amigo, mi compañero y el amor que siempre quise tener, te amo. A mi tía Lucila, gracias por ser una segunda mamá, no te imaginas todo lo que te agradezco tu ayuda, tu comprensión, tu dedicación, tu paciencia, tus consejos y tu guía en este trabajo, sin ti no hubiese logrado culminar esta tesis. A toda mi familia por confiar en mi y por estar siempre presente, gracias por sus palabras de aliento cuando más las necesité. ÍNDICE Pág. DEDICATORIA.................................................................................................. 2 AGRADECIMIENTOS...................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCCIÓN................................................................................................ 14 CAPÍTULO I: PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA................................. 17 1.1 Contexto........................................................................................................... 17 1.2 Situación Problemática.................................................................................... 17 1.3 Antecedentes del Problema............................................................................. 19 1.4 Delimitación del Tema.................................................................................... 20 1.5 Enunciado del Problema................................................................................. 21 1.6 Objetivos de la Investigación......................................................................... 21 1.6.1 Objetivo General.................................................................................. 22 1.6.2 Objetivos Específicos.......................................................................... 22 1.7 Importancia y Justificación............................................................................ 22 CAPÍTULO II: MARCO REFERENCIAL.................................................... 25 2.1 MARCO CONTEXTUAL........................................................................... 25 2.1.1 La Televisión en Venezuela................................................................... 25 2.1.2 R.C.T.V, Radio Caracas Televisión, Canal 2......................................... 27 2.1.3 V.T.V, Venezolana de Televisión, Canal 8............................................ 27 2.1.4 Enfrentados............................................................................................. 29 2.1.5 La Entrevista........................................................................................... 30 2.1.6 En Confianza........................................................................................... 31 2.1.7 Contexto socio-político de Venezuela. Años 2000, 2001, 2002 y 2003........................................................................................................ 31 - Las Leyes Habilitantes generan un paro nacional................................... 32 - Anteproyecto de Ley de Responsabilidad Social en Radio y Televisión................................................................................................. 32 - PDVSA, un detonante para la confrontación.......................................... 34 - Los medios de comunicación apoyan el paro nacional........................... 36 - Las cadenas gubernamentales................................................................. 36 - El 11 de abril de 2002, una fecha imborrable para Venezuela............... 39 - Chávez sale del Palacio de Miraflores.................................................... 41 - Un nuevo gobierno se instala en Venezuela......................................... 42 - Chávez regresa al poder........................................................................ 44 - La tensión continúa. PDVSA, nuevamente es el blanco........................... 45 - Acuerdo entre oposición y gobierno......................................................... 46 - A la calle los manifestantes...................................................................... 51 2.2 MARCO CONCEPTUAL.............................................................................. 52 2.2.1 Géneros Periodísticos............................................................................... 52 2.2.2 Entrevista.................................................................................................. 54 2.2.3 Entrevista de Opinión............................................................................... 56 2.2.4 El Debate.................................................................................................. 57 2.2.5El Periodismo............................................................................................ 58 2.2.6 El Periodismo de Opinión........................................................................ 61 2.2.7 La censura y autocensura.......................................................................... 62 2.2.8 Mass Media.............................................................................................. 63 2.2.9 Funciones de los medios de comunicación de masas............................... 63 2.2.9.1 Otorgamiento de Status................................................................... 63 2.2.9.2 La imposición de normas sociales.................................................. 64 2.2.9.3 La disfunción narcotizante............................................................. 64 2.2.9.4 La estructura de la propiedad y de la administración..................... 64 2.2.9.5 Conformismo social....................................................................... 65 2.2.9.6 Influencia sobre el gusto popular................................................... 65 2.2.9.7 Propaganda a favor de objetivos sociales...................................... 65 2.2.9.8 Canalización.................................................................................. 65 2.2.9.9 Integración..................................................................................... 66 2.2.10 Sociedad de Masas................................................................................. 66 2.2.11 Comunicación de masas y Cultura de masas........................................ 67 2.2.12 Medios Audiovisuales de Comunicación............................................. 67 2.2.13 Información.......................................................................................... 68 2.2.14 Medios de Información de masas........................................................ 69 2.2.15 Programa en vivo................................................................................. 69 2.2.16 La Televisión y su Iconografía.............................................................. 70 2.2.17 Comunicación y Política...................................................................... 71 2.2.18 Televisión Pública y Televisión Privada.............................................. 74 2.2.19 El mensaje...........................................................................................
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