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The Mechanism of Sustainable Socio-Economic Development of the Akmola Region

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The Mechanism of Sustainable Socio-Economic Development of the Akmola Region THE MECHANISM OF SUSTAINABLE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE AKMOLA REGION Doctoral (Ph.D.) dissertation Kurmangozhina Gulnara Gödöllő - Hungary 2020 Name: Enyedi György Doctoral School of Regional Sciences Discipline: Regional Sciences Head: Prof. Tamás Tóth PhD. habil. Professor Szent István University Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Institute of Regional Economics and Rural Development Supervisors: Prof. Dr. Hajdú Zoltán DSc. habil. Professor Szent István University Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Institute of Regional Economics and Rural Development Anikó Khademi – Vidra PhD. habil. Associate professor Szent István University Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Institute of Regional Economics and Rural Development ............................................................ ....................................................... Approval of the Head of the Doctoral School Approval of the Supervisors 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS………………………………………………………………….……5 LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………………………….…6 LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………………...7 LIST OF MAPS……………………………………………………………………………….…8 ABBREVIATIONS……………………………………………………………………….…. ….9 I. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………….……….….….10 1.1. Actuality of the research topic………………………………………………………………10 1.2. Research questions……………………………………………………………………..……12 1.3. Research aims and objectives …………………………………………………………...….12 1.4. Research hypotheses……………………………………………………………………...…13 II. THEORY OF THE MECHANISM OF SUSTAINABLE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF A REGION……………………………………………………….…...15 2.1. The essence of sustainable social and economic development of a region………………....15 2.2. Overview of literature…………………………………………………………………….…20 2.3. Methodological approaches to determining the mechanism of development of a region and the place in it of the mechanism of public administration……………………………….………23 2.4. Modeling of the mechanism of management of sustainable socio-economic development of a region on the basis of strategic analysis…….……………………………………………...….38 III. MATERIALS AND METHODS………………………………………………………….46 3.1. The methodology of questionnaire…………………………………………………….……46 3.2. The process of sample choice……………………………………………………………….46 3.3. Data analysis …………………………………………………………………………….…46 3.4. Socio-economic characteristics of respondents…………………………………………….46 3.5. Data collection…………………………………………………………………………. … 48 IV. GRAIN INDUSTRY OF KAZAKHSTAN: HISTORY, CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS…………………………………………………………. ….64 4.1. Wheat production in Kazakhstan: sources of growth and production volatility…………….64 4.2. The main indicators of wheat cultivation and processing in the economy of Kazakhstan….82 4.3. Prospects of the development of grain market in the Akmola region………………...…….91 3 V. STATE AND ASSESSMENT OF THE MECHANISM OF SUSTAINABLE SOCIO- ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE AKMOLA REGION……………….…….…….96 5.1. Diagnosis of the socio-economic status of the Akmola region………………………….….96 5.2. Problems of socio-economic development of Akmola region………………………...…...109 5.3. Analysis of the mechanism for managing the sustainable social and economic development of the region……………………………………………………………….……………...….…119 VI. FORMATION OF THE MECHANISM OF SUSTAINABLE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE AKMOLA REGION………………………………..………...126 6.1. Assessment of the sustainability of the socio-economic development of the region…..….126 6.2. Strategic analysis of socio-economic position of Akmola region and definition of "points of growth" of the economy…………………………………………………………………….…..132 6.3. The main factors, tools, levers of the mechanism of sustainable development of the region………………………………………………………………………………………..….144 6.4. Future outlooks of development of the Akmola region……………………….…………...149 VII.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS…………………….…….…….…….163 7.1. Assessment of the hypotheses……………………………………………………………...165 7.2. New scientific results…………………………………………………………………. .….166 SUMMARY……………………………………………………………………………...…….168 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………………….……….171 APPENDICES…………………………………………………………………………………178 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My special appreciativeness is extended to the Enyedi György Doctoral School of Regional Sciences for accepting me into the program. I wish to express my deepest thanks, gratitude and sincerest appreciation to my supervisors, Prof. Dr. Zoltán Hajdú and Prof. Dr. Anikó Khademi-Vidra for their guidance, supports, instructions and encouragement and supervising this work. Their comments, instructions and supports gave me a lot of motivation and helped me form new ideas for my dissertation. I want to thank them for guiding me during my doctoral studies, for giving me valuable insights and for supporting my attendances at conferences which gave me the opportunity for new scientific collaborations. Many people have been helping me successfully complete my doctoral studies and I would like to express my gratitude to all of them. I would also like to send special thanks to Heads, Professors, friends of the Enyedi György Doctoral School of Regional Sciences for their useful help and support. I would like to thank the Szent István University and The Stipendium Hungarian Scholarship Program for providing the scholarship and their assistance in research funds. I especially want to thank my family who have always supported my heart and soul with endless love and encouragement. Thanks to Professor for continues help and motivation. Thanks to everyone who has directly or indirectly contributed to the success of the doctoral degree. Thank you all. Gulnara Kurmangozhina Gödöllő, Hungary 5 List of tables Table 1: Composition of subsystems in the region………………………………………………15 Table 2: The mechanism of sustainable development of the region…………………………..…39 Table 3. The structure of gross agricultural output of Akmola region…………………….…….80 Table 4. The dynamics of sown areas of crops………………………………………….……….81 Table 5. The dynamics of sown areas of crops………………………………………….……….84 Table 6: Implementation of Kazakhstan - 2050 Strategy………………………………….…….86 Table 7: Key indicators of long-term development of Kazakhstan………………….……….….88 Table 8: Information on the shipment of grain and flour from the Akmola region for export and other regions of the Republic for 2017 thousand tons……………………………...……………91 Table 9. Macro indicators of the Akmola region for 2016-2018…………………………….....100 Table 10: The main indicators of development of Akmola region in 2015 - 2018……….……104 Table 11: Information on the production of grain for 2012-2016 (thousand ha, ts / ha, kt) …...105 Table 12. Gross harvest of major crops (сcereals) (thousand tons) …………………….…...…105 Table 13. Export structure of Akmola region……………………………………………….….106 Table 14: Information on the shipment of grain and flour from the Akmola region for export and other regions of the Republic for 2016 thousand tons………………………………….............106 Table 15: SWOT-matrix of sustainable development of the Akmola region…………...…..….107 Table 16: Main indicators of the social protection sphere, 2013 –2015………………….….…111 Table 17: The main problems that negatively affect the level of socio-economic development of the Akmola region……………………………………………………………………….….….111 Table 18: The mechanism for managing the socio-economic development of the region….….113 Table 19:Levels of the mechanism of sustainable socio-economic development of the region..130 Table 20: Tasks of the mechanism of sustainable social and economic development of the region………………………………………………………………………………………...…131 Table 21: The assessment will be carried out on the following factors……………………...…132 Table 22: PEST-analysis. List of influencing factors………………………………….….……137 Table 23: PEST-analysis. Strengths. Weak sides. Capabilities. Threats………………….……140 Table 24: Main indicators of socio-economic development of the Akmola region……………151 6 List of figures Figure 1. The process of sustainable development of the system…………………………….….36 Figure 2. Percentage by age respondents, %.................................................................................47 Figure 3. Percentage by gender of respondents, %..................................…………………….…47 Figure 4. Education level of respondents, %……………………………………………………48 Figure 5. Top-5 problems of the region…………………………………………………………50 Figure 6. Advantages of the Akmola region…………………………………………………….51 Figure 7. Disadvantages of the Akmola region……………………………………………...….53 Figure 8: Gross grain harvest, Kazakh SSR, mln tons (1950-1991) …………………………….68 Figure 9. Dynamics of wheat production in Kazakhstan (million tons) …………………...……69 Figure 10. Сrop yields (centners from 1 ha)……………………………………………………..69 Figure 11: Foreign trade in grain of the USSR, mln tons (1946-1991) ………………...…….…70 Figure 12: Dynamics of export of grain and flour from Kazakhstan………………….……...….72 Figure 13. Flour export, thousand tons…………………………………………………….….…73 Figure 14. Wheat exports Kazakhstan (million tonnes) …………………………………….......74 Figure 15. Wheat export, thousand tons…………………………………………………………74 Figure 16: Budget priorities of «Agribusiness 2020»………………………….………….…….77 Figure 17: Gross output of agricultural products………………………………….…….…....….80 Figure 18: Crop area under wheat in the Republic of Kazakhstan, thousand hectares……...…...84 Figure 19: Production of grain, wheat in the RK, export of grain and flour in grain equivalent, thousand. tons…………………………………………………………………………….…..….85 Figure 20: The mechanism of sustainable socio-economic development as a relationship of tasks, levels and areas of development…………………………………………………………….….148
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