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Poster: Introducing Massbrowser: a Censorship Circumvention System Run by the Masses
Poster: Introducing MassBrowser: A Censorship Circumvention System Run by the Masses Milad Nasr∗, Anonymous∗, and Amir Houmansadr University of Massachusetts Amherst fmilad,[email protected] ∗Equal contribution Abstract—We will present a new censorship circumvention sys- side the censorship regions, which relay the Internet traffic tem, currently being developed in our group. The new system of the censored users. This includes systems like Tor, VPNs, is called MassBrowser, and combines several techniques from Psiphon, etc. Unfortunately, such circumvention systems are state-of-the-art censorship studies to design a hard-to-block, easily blocked by the censors by enumerating their limited practical censorship circumvention system. MassBrowser is a set of proxy server IP addresses [14]. (2) Costly to operate: one-hop proxy system where the proxies are volunteer Internet To resist proxy blocking by the censors, recent circumven- users in the free world. The power of MassBrowser comes from tion systems have started to deploy the proxies on shared-IP the large number of volunteer proxies who frequently change platforms such as CDNs, App Engines, and Cloud Storage, their IP addresses as the volunteer users move to different a technique broadly referred to as domain fronting [3]. networks. To get a large number of volunteer proxies, we This mechanism, however, is prohibitively expensive [11] provide the volunteers the control over how their computers to operate for large scales of users. (3) Poor QoS: Proxy- are used by the censored users. Particularly, the volunteer based circumvention systems like Tor and it’s variants suffer users can decide what websites they will proxy for censored from low quality of service (e.g., high latencies and low users, and how much bandwidth they will allocate. -
Brocade Vyatta Network OS ALG Configuration Guide, 5.2R1
CONFIGURATION GUIDE Brocade Vyatta Network OS ALG Configuration Guide, 5.2R1 Supporting Brocade 5600 vRouter, VNF Platform, and Distributed Services Platform 53-1004711-01 24 October 2016 © 2016, Brocade Communications Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Brocade, the B-wing symbol, and MyBrocade are registered trademarks of Brocade Communications Systems, Inc., in the United States and in other countries. Other brands, product names, or service names mentioned of Brocade Communications Systems, Inc. are listed at www.brocade.com/en/legal/ brocade-Legal-intellectual-property/brocade-legal-trademarks.html. Other marks may belong to third parties. Notice: This document is for informational purposes only and does not set forth any warranty, expressed or implied, concerning any equipment, equipment feature, or service offered or to be offered by Brocade. Brocade reserves the right to make changes to this document at any time, without notice, and assumes no responsibility for its use. This informational document describes features that may not be currently available. Contact a Brocade sales office for information on feature and product availability. Export of technical data contained in this document may require an export license from the United States government. The authors and Brocade Communications Systems, Inc. assume no liability or responsibility to any person or entity with respect to the accuracy of this document or any loss, cost, liability, or damages arising from the information contained herein or the computer programs that accompany it. The product described by this document may contain open source software covered by the GNU General Public License or other open source license agreements. To find out which open source software is included in Brocade products, view the licensing terms applicable to the open source software, and obtain a copy of the programming source code, please visit http://www.brocade.com/support/oscd. -
Managed Firewalls
DEDICATED HOSTING PRODUCT OVERVIEW MANAGED FIREWALLS Securing your network from malicious activity. Rackspace delivers expertise and service for the world’s leading clouds and technologies. TRUST RACKSPACE And we can help secure your dedicated servers and your cloud, with firewalls from Cisco® and • A leader in the 2017 Gartner Magic Quadrant Juniper Networks — fully supported around the clock by certified Rackspace engineers. Your for Public Cloud Infrastructure Managed Service firewall is dedicated completely to your environment for the highest level of network security Providers, Worldwide and connectivity, and includes access to our Firewall Manager and our One-Hour Hardware • Hosting provider for more than half of the Replacement Guarantee. Fortune 100 • 16+ years of hosting experience WHY RACKSPACE FOR DEDICATED, FULLY MANAGED FIREWALLS? • Customers in 150+ countries You have valuable and confidential information stored on your dedicated and cloud servers. Dedicated firewalls from Cisco and Juniper Networks add an additional layer of security to your servers, helping to stop potentially malicious packets from ever reaching your network. “RACKSPACE’S SECURITY CONTROLS AND REPUTATION AS AN SSAE 16 CERTIFIED KEY BENEFITS PROVIDER HAS BEEN A Highest level of security: Help protect your data and stop potentially malicious packets TREMENDOUS FACTOR IN OUR from entering your network with an IPSec, and Common Criteria EAL4 evaluation status certified firewall. SUCCESS.” DAVID SCHIFFER :: FOUNDER AND PRESIDENT, Expertise: Rackspace security experts fully manage your firewalls 24x7x365. Consult with SAFE BANKING SYSTEMS CISSP-certified security engineers to assess and architect your firewalls to help you meet your security and compliance requirements. Visibility and control: Help protect your infrastructure with deep packet inspection of traffic based on traffic filtering rules you define. -
Deep Packet Inspection Bypass
Deep Packet Inspection Bypass Thomas Kjøglum Master of Science in Communication Technology Submission date: February 2015 Supervisor: Stig Frode Mjølsnes, ITEM Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Telematics 1 Title: Deep Packet Inspection Bypass Student: Thomas Kjøglum Problem description: Authoritarian governments consistently request the network operators to censor internet communications. Deep packet inspection systems and tools are regularly in use for this purpose. Several techniques have been proposed to bypass these communication restrictions. One example is the Kickstarter project titled "Operator, a News Reader that Circumvents Internet Censorship" by Brandon Wiley. Wiley has designed a protocol "Dust" [1] that aims to defeat a number of filtering methods currently in active use to censor Internet communication. Some basic questions are: How is it possible to bypass deep packet inspection filters with high likelihood? On the other hand, could the approach of Dust and other filtering bypass techniques be useful for masquerading malicious code? The candidate will start out by investigating possible techniques for bypassing a open source packet inspection tool, such as SNORT. The candidate will support his experimentation by method of setting up and running hacker competitions (or trials) where the participants’ challenge will be to set up, configure and run efficient deep packet inspection systems directed against various types of "subversive communications" generated by the organizer of the competition. [1] WILEY, Brandon. Dust: A blocking-resistant internet transport protocol. Tech- nical report. http://blanu.net/Dust.pdf, 2011. Responsible professor: Stig Frode Mjølsnes, ITEM Supervisor: Stig Frode Mjølsnes, ITEM Abstract Internet censorship is a problem, where governments and authorities restricts access to what the public can read on the Internet. -
Deep Packet Inspection and Internet Censorship: International Convergence on an ‘Integrated Technology of Control’1
Deep Packet Inspection and Internet Censorship: International Convergence on an ‘Integrated Technology of Control’1 Ben Wagner, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Universiteit Leiden Introduction* The academic debate on deep packet inspection (DPI) centres on methods of network management and copyright protection and is directly linked to a wider debate on freedom of speech on the Internet. The debate is deeply rooted in an Anglo-Saxon perspective of the Internet and is frequently depicted as a titanic struggle for the right to fundamentally free and unfettered access to the Internet.2 This debate is to a great extent defined by commercial interests. These interests whether of copyright owners, Internet service providers, 1 (Bendrath 2009) * A first draft of this paper was presented at the 3rd Annual Giganet Symposium in December 2008 in Hyderabad, India. For their advice and support preparing this paper I would like to thank: Ralf Bendrath, Claus Wimmer, Geert Lovink, Manuel Kripp, Hermann Thoene, Paul Sterzel, David Herzog, Rainer Hülsse, Wolfgang Fänderl and Stefan Scholz. 2 (Frieden 2008, 633-676; Goodin 2008; Lehr et al. 2007; Mueller 2007, 18; Zittrain 2008) Deep Packet Inspection and Internet Censorship: International Convergence on an ‘Integrated Technology of Control’1, by Ben Wagner application developers or consumers, are all essentially economic. All of these groups have little commercial interest in restricting free speech as such. However some might well be prepared to accept a certain amount of ‘collateral damage’ to internet free speech in exchange for higher revenues. It can be argued that more transparent and open practices from network service providers are needed regarding filtering policy and the technology used. -
ISA09 Paper Ralf Bendrath DPI
Ralf Bendrath Global technology trends and national regulation: Explaining Variation in the Governance of Deep Packet Inspection Paper prepared for the International Studies Annual Convention New York City, 15-18 February 2009 first draft Updated versions will be available from the author upon request. author contact information Delft University of Technology Faculty of Technology, Policy, and Management Section ICT P.O. Box 5015 2600 GA Delft Netherlands [email protected] http://bendrath.blogspot.com Abstract Technological advances in routers and network monitoring equipment now allow internet service providers (ISPs) to monitor the content of data flows in real-time and make decisions accordingly about how to handle them. If rolled out widely, this technology known as deep packet inspection (DPI) would turn the internet into something completely new, departing from the “dumb pipe” principle which Lawrence Lessig has so nicely compared to a “daydreaming postal worker” who just moves packets around without caring about their content. The internet’s design, we can see here, is the outcome of political and technological decisions and trends. The paper examines the deployment of DPI by internet service providers in different countries, as well as their different motives. In a second step, it will offer a first explanation of the varying cases by examining the different factors promoting as well as constraining the use of DPI, and how they play out in different circumstances. The paper uses and combines theoretical approaches from different strands of research: Sociology of technology, especially the concept of disruptive technologies; and interaction-oriented policy research, namely the approach of actor-centric institutionalism. -
Network Disaggregation at the Edge with the Open SD-Edge Platform
Network Disaggregation at the Edge With the Open SD-Edge Platform November 11, 2020 Sponsored By: Information Classification: General Today’s Speakers Jennifer Clark, Robert Bays Principal Analyst – Assistant VP Heavy Reading ATT - Vyatta Srikanth Krishnamohan Elad Blatt Director of Product Marketing CSO IP Infusion Silicom Information Classification: General ©Page 2020 3 Omdia NFV in a Production Environment: Leading Use Cases Commercial NFV deployment expectation Information Classification: General Enterprises are Shifting to Managed Services Enterprises are shifting from DIY vCPE to managed services, supporting the same VFNs but with improved security, performance, reliability and cost Information Classification: General Edge deployment barriers • Today, operators are faced with three top challenges to deploying edge: – High costs – Unclear business case – Technical issues Information Classification: General Edge Investment: Everything is a Priority Information Classification: General Network Disaggregation at the Edge With the Open SD-Edge Platform Q&A Information Classification: General DANOS Vyatta Edition 2020-11-11.1 © 2020 AT&T Inc. What is DANOS Vyatta Edition? Gen 2 architecture >700 Subscription Multiple CSPs Vyatta sets vRouter Founded released customers Standardize on Vyatta speed record Domain 2.0 partner Acquires Vyatta Initial release Apr 2005 Oct 2007 Sep 2011 Jan 2013 Jun 2014 Dec 2014 July 2017 Nov 2019 First release 1M Downloads Gen 3 architecture Broadcom Tomahawk Gen 4 architecture EA Oct 2005 Jan 2011 Acquires -
Internet (And Other) Censorship “Censorship” Internet Laws in The
Internet (and other) Censorship What is censorship? Does venue matter? Cigarette commercials on TV, profanity, military and national-security documents, Google Earth images, Super Bowl commercials, What about Internet censorship? Nationwide: where and why School-wide: where and why Family-wide: where and why Compsci 82, Fall 2009 14.1 Compsci 82, Fall 2009 14.2 “Censorship” Internet laws in the US Censorship in Australia (Denmark,…) Communications Decency Act: ACLU v Reno Blacklists for ISPs at the country level “offensive” material off-limits to minors Domain name censorship 1997 SCOTUS, unanimously unconstitutional. Section 230 survives: blogger/ISP immunity Children’s Internet Protection Act: CIPA Schools, libraries must install and use Wikileaks hosts site, threatened with fines filtering software (e-rate: Duke? Durham?...) Started with good intentions (perhaps), but … Affirmed by SCOTUS in 2003, filters must be How does a domain name get on the list? Off? “disableable”, though not by minors Compsci 82, Fall 2009 14.3 Compsci 82, Fall 2009 14.4 Internet/Web Censorship Firewalls and Proxies Blacklists, client, ISP, country, other? Golden Shield How are these implemented? Great Firewall of China Atlantic on firewall.cn Possible to bypass with 79.141.34.22 Counteract with whitelist? Personal/Corporate Firewall IP packet layer, Application layer Stop or allow, based on … Can we block, filter, or examine IP address? Port numbers used for granularity Where is the IP address? Proxy server • ISP-wide, bottlenecks, technologically feasible? For firewall, for content, for What about “deep packet inspection”? censorship? Compsci 82, Fall 2009 14.5 Compsci 82, Fall 2009 14.6 Software filters, what do they do? http://opennet.net (2002) Peacefire, open access for net gen. -
Deep Packet Inspection on Commodity Hardware Using Fastflow
Deep Packet Inspection on Commodity Hardware using FastFlow M. Danelutto, L. Deri, D. De Sensi, M. Torquati Computer Science Department University of Pisa, Italy Abstract. The analysis of packet payload is mandatory for network security and traffic monitoring applications. The computational cost of this activity pushed the industry towards hardware-assisted deep packet inspection (DPI) that have the dis- advantage of being more expensive and less flexible. This paper covers the design and implementation of a new DPI framework us- ing FastFlow, a skeleton-based parallel programming library targeting efficient streaming on multi-core architectures. The experimental results demonstrate the ef- ficiency of the DPI framework proposed, proving the feasibility to perform 10Gbit DPI analysis using modern commodity hardware. Keywords. Network streaming, NetFlow, DPI, FastFlow, multi-core. Introduction When the Internet was designed, all routing and security protocols were conceived to process traffic only based on packet headers. When the original equation TCP/UDP port equal application port could no longer be applied as developers started to implement ser- vices over dynamic ports, network monitor companies started to develop packet payload analysis tools aimed at identifying the application protocol being used, or at enforcing laws and copyright. This trend was further fostered by the introduction of IDS/IPS systems (Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems) that inspect all packets with the purpose of detecting ma- licious traffic. These have been the driving forces for the development of DPI (Deep Packet Inspection) tools and frameworks able to inspect packet payload and thus easing the development of applications using them. Most tools are accelerated using custom hardware network cards such as those based on FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Array) [1] or proprietary silicon [2] such as chips produced by companies like Cavium, Radisys or Netronome. -
Guidelines on Firewalls and Firewall Policy
Special Publication 800-41 Revision 1 Guidelines on Firewalls and Firewall Policy Recommendations of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Karen Scarfone Paul Hoffman NIST Special Publication 800-41 Guidelines on Firewalls and Firewall Revision 1 Policy Recommendations of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Karen Scarfone Paul Hoffman C O M P U T E R S E C U R I T Y Computer Security Division Information Technology Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8930 September 2009 U.S. Department of Commerce Gary Locke, Secretary National Institute of Standards and Technology Patrick D. Gallagher, Deputy Director GUIDELINES ON FIREWALLS AND FIREWALL POLICY Reports on Computer Systems Technology The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by providing technical leadership for the nation’s measurement and standards infrastructure. ITL develops tests, test methods, reference data, proof of concept implementations, and technical analysis to advance the development and productive use of information technology. ITL’s responsibilities include the development of technical, physical, administrative, and management standards and guidelines for the cost-effective security and privacy of sensitive unclassified information in Federal computer systems. This Special Publication 800-series reports on ITL’s research, guidance, and outreach efforts in computer security and its collaborative activities with industry, government, and academic organizations. National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-41 Revision 1 Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Spec. Publ. 800-41 rev1, 48 pages (Sep. 2009) Certain commercial entities, equipment, or materials may be identified in this document in order to describe an experimental procedure or concept adequately. -
Games Without Frontiers: Investigating Video Games As a Covert Channel
Games Without Frontiers: Investigating Video Games as a Covert Channel Bridger Hahn Rishab Nithyanand Phillipa Gill Stony Brook University Stony Brook University Stony Brook University Rob Johnson Stony Brook University Abstract something censorship circumvention tools, which aim to dis- The Internet has become a critical communication infrastruc- guise covert traffic as another protocol to evade detection by ture for citizens to organize protests and express dissatisfaction censors. This can take two forms: either mimicking the cover with their governments. This fact has not gone unnoticed, with protocol using an independent implementation, as in Skype- governments clamping down on this medium via censorship, Morph [11] and StegoTorus [12], or encoding data for transmis- and circumvention researchers working to stay one step ahead. sion via an off-the-shelf implementation of the cover protocol, In this paper, we explore a promising new avenue for covert as in FreeWave [13]. channels: real-time strategy video games. Video games have This has created an arms race between censors and circum- two key features that make them attractive cover protocols for ventors. Many censors now block Tor [14], so Tor has intro- censorship circumvention. First, due to the popularity of gam- duced support for “pluggable transports”, i.e. plugins that em- ing platforms such as Steam, there are a lot of different video bed Tor traffic in a cover protocol. There are currently six plug- games, each with their own protocols and server infrastructure. gable transports deployed in the Tor Browser Bundle [15]. Cen- Users of video-game-based censorship-circumvention tools can sors have already begun blocking some of these transports [16], therefore diversify across many games, making it difficult for and some censors have gone so far as to block entire content- the censor to respond by simply blocking a single cover pro- distribution networks that are used by some circumvention sys- tocol. -
Circumventing Web Surveillance Using Covert Channels
Bard College Bard Digital Commons Senior Projects Fall 2019 Bard Undergraduate Senior Projects Fall 2019 CovertNet: Circumventing Web Surveillance Using Covert Channels Will C. Burghard Bard College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/senproj_f2019 Part of the OS and Networks Commons This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. Recommended Citation Burghard, Will C., "CovertNet: Circumventing Web Surveillance Using Covert Channels" (2019). Senior Projects Fall 2019. 38. https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/senproj_f2019/38 This Open Access work is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been provided to you by Bard College's Stevenson Library with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this work in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights- holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COVERTNET: CIRCUMVENTING WEB CENSORSHIP USING COVERT CHANNELS Senior Project submitted to The Division of Science, Mathematics and Computing by Will Burghard Annandale-on-Hudson, New York December 2019 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks to all professors in the Computer Science department, including my advisor Robert McGrail, for making this project possible and for an enriching experience at Bard. TABLE OF