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Annotated Bibliography Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources AR. Stonewall Riots | Undergraduate Library Blog - University of Illinois at ​ Urbana-Champaign. 17 July 2017, ​ publish.illinois.edu/undergradlibrary/tag/stonewall-riots/. Accessed 25 Feb. 2020. This journal provided us numerous news articles that were issued after the Stonewall Riots. In addition to providing detailed descriptions of the Stonewall Riots, it explained the first PRIDE movements in the United States. Clancy, Michael. “Bob Kohler, Gay Rights Pioneer, 1926-2007 | The Village Voice.” Www.Villagevoice.Com, 6 Dec. 2007, ​ www.villagevoice.com/2007/12/06/bob-kohler-gay-rights-pioneer-1926-2007/. Accessed 11 Mar. 2020. This article provides a description of Bob Kohler, a gay rights pioneer in ​ the late 20th century. From reading this article, we decided to research important gay rights activists of different centuries. We were able to expand our research and deepen our knowledge of gay activists. Columbia University. “Stonewall 25: Cases 1-2.” Columbia.Edu, 2011, ​ ​ www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/eresources/exhibitions/sw25/case1.html. Accessed 20 Feb. 2020. This journal, provided by Columbia University, gave us the greatest amount of primary sources. Ranging from newspaper excerpts to movie posters of the late 20th century, this journal helped us understand the public’s immediate response to the first Stonewall Riots. Encyclopedia, Andrew. Stonewall Riots. This document contains a description of Stonewall in ​ ​ 1969. It goes on to explain how it views the progression of events after Stonewall, and its perspective on the effects of the riots. Fitzsimons, Tim. “#Pride50: Veteran of the Stonewall Uprising Raymond Castro.” NBC News, 3 ​ ​ June 2019, www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/pride50-raymond-castro-veteran-stonewall-uprising- n1006776. Accessed 4 May 2020. This website introduced us to one of the most significant veterans of the Stonewall Riots: Raymond Castro. From providing us quotes from Castro to describing his life following Stonewall, this article helped us understand the story of an important Stonewall hero other than Marsha P. Johnson and Sylvia Rivera. Forum, Black Gay & Lesbian Leadership. “[Press Release: Black Leaders Meet Discuss Lesbian/Gay Issues].” The Portal to Texas History, 17 Nov. 1990, ​ ​ texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc916496/. Accessed 12 Mar. 2020. This website ​ provided us a valuable primary resource: a press release announcing the results of a meeting of black leaders around the country to discuss placing black lesbian/gay concerns on the agendas of major black civil rights groups. From this, we were able to further understand the colored LGBTQ+ members’ impacts on the gay community. Harrity, Christopher. “10 Iconic Photos of LGBTQ History From Getty Images.” Www.Advocate.Com, 17 June 2019, ​ www.advocate.com/photography/2019/6/17/10-iconic-photos-lgbtq-history-getty-images #media-gallery-media-6. Accessed 1 Mar. 2020. This website gave us ten important ​ photographs of the gay rights movement. These photographs exemplified the LGBTQ+ members’ persistent fight for change and acceptance. Through these images, we were able to visualize the gay activists’ struggle for equality. Hegarty, Siobhan. “From Electroshocks to Religious ‘Cure Camps’: Survivors Share Reality of Gay Conversion Therapy.” ABC News, 20 Apr. 2018, ​ ​ www.abc.net.au/news/2018-04-21/gay-conversion-therapy-survivors-on-greg-hunt-comm ents/9679416. Accessed 13 Feb. 2020. This news article gave firsthand accounts of people who had received electric compulsive therapy. Survivors gave detailed accounts of how doctors wanted to cure homosexuality in the late 1900s. This often included brutal and inhumane methods that gave us an intimate understanding of the horrors many gay people faced, and in some cases, still face today. Klyn, Andrea. “LibGuides: EDUC 298: Using Primary Sources to Teach for Social Justice: Primary Sources.” Research.Pugetsound.Edu, 23 July 2019, ​ ​ research.pugetsound.edu/ED298. Accessed 17 Mar. 2020. From this website, we acquired ​ an image of the Stonewall Riot button that the gay activists used while advocating for gay liberation. This button showed the gay activists’ efforts to come together to fight against social barriers. ---. “Pride, Activist Groups, the Gay Press and More Take Form in Wake of Stonewall Riots.” Research.Pugetsound.Edu, 26 June 2019, ​ www.washingtonblade.com/2019/06/26/pride-activist-groups-the-gay-press-and-more-ta ke-form-in-wake-of-stonewall-riots/. Accessed 3 Feb. 2020. This article contains sources ​ that describe the relationship between gay activists and the public’s fear of homosexuals. They depict the belief that homosexuals had mental illnesses and AIDS, and show how members of the LGBTQ+ community were isolated within the city and were left to live with their “illnesses.” “[Letter from Don Baker to Lori Palmer Regarding Gay Rights and Activism].” The Portal to ​ Texas History, 28 July 2017, texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc947550/. Accessed ​ 12 Mar. 2020. This website gave us a typed letter between two gay activists of the late 20th century. From reading this primary source, we were able to understand how LGBTQ+ community members thought of their lack of rights. Don Baker expressed strong opposition to the public newspapers’ reactions to the riots and insisted Lori Palmer to join the movement for change. Mccormick, Joseph. “Would You Be Able to ‘Spot a Homo’ Using This 1962 Newspaper Column?” PinkNews - Gay News, Reviews and Comment from the World’s Most Read ​ Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Trans News Service, 23 Jan. 2016, ​ www.pinknews.co.uk/2016/01/23/would-you-be-able-to-spot-a-homo-using-this-1962-ne wspaper-column/. Accessed 7 May 2020. This website gave us the news article that explains how to distinguish a homosexual from a “normal” person. By reading this article and the newspaper, we were able to understand the extreme discrimination that the homosexuals faced before the Stonewall Riots. Out History. “Complaint Report Against People (Thomas Staton) by Officer Gail Lynch · OutHistory: It’s About Time.” Www.Outhistory.Org, ​ ​ www.outhistory.org/exhibits/show/stonewall-riot-police-reports/item/9. Accessed 2 Mar. 2020. This website gave us one of the police reports that was issued at the Stonewall Riots. This police report allowed us to understand the violence that resulted from the riots. The police arrested any gay people who were acting against the police. ---. “Report 1: Against David Van Ronk · Stonewall Riot Police Reports · OutHistory: It’s About Time.” Www.Outhistory.Org, ​ ​ www.outhistory.org/exhibits/show/stonewall-riot-police-reports/contents/report-1. Accessed 1 Mar. 2020. This website provided us one of the police reports from the Stonewall Riots. The police had arrested David Van Ronk for rioting at the Stonewall Riots. “The Stonewall Riots.” The Stonewall Riots, thestonewallinn.weebly.com/quotes.html. Accessed ​ ​ 1 May 2020. This website provided us many quotes from Stonewall veterans. From analyzing the cause and effects of Stonewall to listing the key gay leaders of the riots, this website gave an overview of the impacts of the Stonewall Riots. The quotes from this website gave us first-hand insights into the night that changed history forever. Timalderman. “Gay History: How To Spot A Possible Homo!” Timalderman, 28 Jan. 2016, ​ ​ timalderman.com/2016/01/28/gay-history-how-to-spot-a-possible-homo/. Accessed 10 May 2020. This website provided us a poster that gives instructions on how to distinguish a homosexual from a “normal” individual. This article also highlighted the specific clothing, food, and drink that homosexuals tend to wear and drink. From reading this article, we were able to understand the different ways people thought of homosexuals before the Stonewall Riots. University of Washington. “Page 1.” Oclc.Org, 2019, ​ ​ cdm16786.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/pioneerlife/id/26027. Accessed 2 Mar. 2020. This website provided us the primary Gay Liberation Front document that was ​ published in 1970. Through this primary resource, we were able to more fully understand the GLF’s purpose, program actions, and their political statement. It also gave us helpful insight into the mindsets of the members of the organisation at the time. Williams, Marianne. “Research Guides: LGBTQ+ Histories: LGBTQ+ Open Access Archives.” Uark.Libguides.Com, 11 Feb. 2020, ​ uark.libguides.com/lgbtq-histories/open-access-archives. Accessed 1 Mar. 2020. From this website, we used the Stonewall Inn’s wall photograph. From this website, we used ​ the Stonewall Inn’s wall photograph. This primary source was an image of the Stonewall Inn following the primary riots that took place there. Gay activists had written across the inn, publicly insisting for recognition and change. This gave us an interesting view into the boldness of the people of Stonewall. Wolfe, Shira. “10 Exhibitions Celebrating the Stonewall Riots.” Artland Magazine, 8 July 2019, ​ ​ magazine.artland.com/10-exhibitions-celebrating-stonewall-riots/. Accessed 20 Mar. 2020. This website provides 10 art exhibitions that celebrate the Stonewall Riots in our present day. The art pieces that were presented on this website emphasized the significance of the gay liberation movement and portrayed homosexuals as aesthetic and beautiful individuals. It was interesting to look at art pieces that connected the American people to the Stonewall Riots. Secondary Sources Ali, David Oliver and Rasha. “Why We Owe Pride to Black Transgender Women Who Threw Bricks at Cops.” USA TODAY, 29 June 2019, ​ ​ www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/voices/2019/06/24/pride-month-black-transgender-wo men-stonewall-marsha-p-johnson/1478200001/. Accessed 12 Feb. 2020. This article ​ gives a recent incident in which a black transgender woman was killed for her sexual orientation as modern context for a story about the life or Marsha P. Johnson. In addition to describing the incident’s unjust circumstances, this article explains Johnson’s impact in the gay community and society as a whole. Through this article, we were able to gain insight into the current social tensions that exist for gay communities within the United States.
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