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Health and Safety in the Child Care Setting: Prevention of Infectious Disease

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Health and Safety in the Child Care Setting: Prevention of Infectious Disease Health and Safety in the Child Care Setting: Prevention of Infectious Disease A Curriculum for the Training of Child Care Providers Module 1 Second Edition Health and Safety in the Child Care Setting: Prevention of Infectious Disease A Curriculum for the Training of Child Care Providers Module 1 Second Edition Developed by The California Child Care Health Program 1322 Webster Street, Suite 402 • Oakland, CA 94612-3218 (510) 839-1195 Funded by a grant from The California Department of Education, Child Development Division June 1998 Editorial Staff A. Rahman Zamani, MD, MPH Judy Calder, RN, MPH Adena Cohen, MPH Bardy Anderson, Graphic Artist Sara Evinger, Editorial Assistant Designed and edited by e.g. communications Photography by Jennifer Cheek Pantaleon and Joe Sanberg Cover photo by Jennifer Cheek Pantaleon In addition, we want to thank the staff and board members of the California Child Care Health Program for their support, ideas and patience during this labor of love. The California Child Care Health Program is a community-oriented, multidisciplinary team dedicated to enhancing the quality of child care for California’s children by initializing and strengthening linkages among the health, safety and child care communities and the families they serve. This curriculum was revised March 2001 Acknowledgments Lynn Anderson, Policy Analyst Roberta Larson, RDH, MPH California Department of Social Services Children’s Dental Health Consultant Community Care Licensing Division California Department of Health Services Betty Bassoff, DSW, Consultant California Child Care Health Program Pamela Murphy, Coordinator Child Development, Children’s Services Unit Luci Chaidez, Day Care Program Analyst Riverside County Office of Education Emergency Medical Services Authority Pamm Shaw, MS, Child Care Health Consultant Lyn Dailey, PHN, Child Care Health Consultant California Child Care Health Program California Child Care Health Program Sandra Edelbrock, Coordinator Marsha Sherman, MA, MFCC, Director Children’s Services Unit California Child Care Health Program Riverside County Office of Education Karen Sokal-Gutierrez, MD, MPH Gail Gonzalez, RN The Center for Health Training Child Care Health Consultant San Francisco, CA California Child Care Health Program Diane Hinds, Coordinator Rick Tobin, Coordinator of Emergency Services Child Development Center, Citrus College Governor’s Office of Emergency Services Glendora, CA Planning and Technological Assistance Branch Some materials in this manual were adapted from materials obtained from the following organizations: American Public Health Association and American Academy of Pediatrics under a grant from the U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration. Caring for Our Children—National Health and Safety Performance Standards: Guidelines for Out-of-Home Child Care Programs. Washington, DC: APHA & APA, due to be published 2001. American Academy of Pediatrics. 2000 Red Book: Report of the Committee on Infectious Disease. 25th Ed. Elk Grove Village, Il. The California Department of Education and The Center for Health Training. Keeping Kids Healthy—Preventing and Managing Communicable Disease in Child Care. San Francisco, CA, 1995. Canadian Paediatric Society. Well Beings: A Guide to Promote the Physical Health, Safety and Emotional Well Being of Children in Child Care Centres and Family Day Care Homes. Ontario: Creative Premises Ltd., 1992. Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Public Health Service, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The ABCs of Safe and Healthy Child Care: A Handbook for Child Care Providers, 1996. Shapiro Kendrick, A., Kaufmann, R. and Messenger, K.P., eds. Healthy Young Children. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children, 1995. Department of Health and Human Services, Immunization Branch. California Immunization Handbook For Schools and Child Care Programs. Berkeley, CA, 1999. Table of Contents About the Curriculum ............................................................................................................................... 1 Trainer’s Guide ........................................................................................................................................... 2 How to Use this Module ........................................................................................................................... 3 Important Topics to Cover ........................................................................................................................ 5 Section 1: Understanding the Spread of Disease • Understanding the Spread of Disease......................................................................................... 8 Section 2: Preventive Health Practices • The Daily Morning Health Check ............................................................................................. 16 • Universal Precautions ................................................................................................................. 19 • Hand Washing .............................................................................................................................. 21 • Cleaning and Disinfecting .......................................................................................................... 26 • Disposable Gloves ....................................................................................................................... 35 • Disposal of Garbage .................................................................................................................... 38 • Diapering/Toileting .................................................................................................................... 40 • Food Safety and Infant Feeding .................................................................................................47 • Oral Hygiene ................................................................................................................................ 55 • Open Space and Air Quality ...................................................................................................... 58 • Water Supply ................................................................................................................................ 60 • Other Issues Related to a Healthy Environment ..................................................................... 62 Section 3: Preventive Health Policies • Health and Safety Policies .......................................................................................................... 68 • Health History and Immunization Policy for Children ......................................................... 72 • Health History, Immunization and Preventive Health Needs of Providers ....................... 75 • Keeping Health Records ............................................................................................................. 79 • Exclusion for Illness ..................................................................................................................... 81 • Caring for Children with Mild Illness ...................................................................................... 87 • Medications Administration Policy .......................................................................................... 90 • Communication about Illness in Child Care ........................................................................... 94 • Children with Special Needs ...................................................................................................... 97 • Emergency Illness and Procedures.......................................................................................... 100 Section 4: Appendices • Appendix A: Resources • Appendix B: Forms/Records/Lists • Appendix C: Information on Specific Diseases • Appendix D: Bibliography Introduction About the Curriculum This curriculum was first published in June 1998 to be used by a qualified health and safety trainer to fulfill part of the learning needs and licensing requirements of child care providers (Health and Safety Code, Section 1596.866) in California. The core content of the Health and Safety training (excluding pediatric CPR and First Aid) is arranged into the following two modules: Module I Prevention of Infectious Disease Module II Injury Prevention Each module stands on its own and has its own educational objectives and handouts. Depending on the specific requirements (seven-hour version or broader version), a smaller or larger number of learning objectives can be selected and the sequence of modules changed, or the objectives may be modified. Contents of the curriculum and handouts are in agreement with the current child care licensing regulations in California. This second and updated edition of Module I, “Prevention of Infectious Disease,” covers the content of the Emergency Medical Services Authority Child Care 7 Hours Preventive Health and Safety Training Course and will provide information and guidance on how to control communicable and infectious disease in the child care setting. It also reflects current changes in the National Health and Safety Performance Standards for Out-of-Home Child Care Programs and new information on infectious disease. By using this module, trainers and child care health consultants will be able to: 1. Increase awareness of the ways illnesses are spread in the child care setting and how to reduce this spread. 2. Encourage providers to accept responsibility for preventing
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