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INTERIM SPECIAL REPORT: Revolutionary War Veteran Gravesites in Virginia

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JOINT LEGISLATIVE AUDIT AND REVIEW COMMISSION OF THE VIRGINIA GENERAL ASSEMBLY INTERIM SPECIAL REPORT: Revolutionary War Veteran Gravesites in Virginia House Document No. 91 Members of the Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission Chairman Senator Richard J. Holland Vice-Chairman Delegate Vincent F. Callahan, Jr. Delegate J. Paul Councill, Jr. Delegate Glenn R. Croshaw Delegate Jay W. DeBoer Delegate V. Earl Dickinson Senator Joseph V. Gartlan, Jr. Delegate Franklin P. Hall Senator Kevin G. Miller Delegate W. Tayloe Murphy, Jr. Senator Thomas K. Norment, Jr. Delegate Harry J. Parrish Delegate Lacey E. Putney Senator Stanley C. Walker Mr. Walter J. Kucharski, Auditor of Public Accounts Director Philip A. Leone Preface Senate Joint Resolution No. 345 and House Joint Resolution No. 530 from the 1999 Session direct JLARC to compile a list of sites where Revolutionary War veterans are buried, and to study issues related to the care and maintenance of the burial sites of these veterans. Virginia currently has a program to provide for the care and mainte- nance of Confederate veterans, but does not have a similar program for Revolutionary War gravesites. The mandates provide for two phases of review. This document is the interim report, reflecting the work conducted during the first phase. In this phase, activities were pursued to develop a list of veterans and the locations in Virginia where each is reportedly buried or recognized by a marker. Over 100 sources were used in the prepa- ration of this list. In this phase, a total of 1,444 veterans reportedly buried or recog- nized at cemeteries other than at Colonial National Historical Park in Yorktown were compiled. (An additional 637 French veterans are recognized at the historical park, as well as 99 veterans who are memorialized by a tablet at the park. If these veterans are included, the total number of veterans identified is 2,180.) Also during this interim phase, 66 cemeteries were identified in which three or more Revolutionary War veter- ans are reportedly buried or recognized. Extensive appendixes are provided in the report to show the information obtained and the sources used during this review. In the second phase of the review, JLARC staff will collect more precise data for a sample of the sites on the location, number of maintainable items (gravestones, markers), condition of items, and estimated maintenance and renovation costs of the sites. JLARC staff plan to use global positioning technology at a sample of sites, to specify the longitude and latitude of the visited gravesites. Input will be sought from various interested parties in Virginia, as well as from other states, as to how a sound maintenance and restoration program for the gravesites might be implemented. The results of this work will be provided in a final report. On the behalf of JLARC staff, I would like to thank the numerous organiza- tions and individuals who assisted us during this review. This report would not have been possible if it were not for the work over the years of the Daughters and Sons of the American Revolution (DAR and SAR). We also appreciate the contributions of the Department of Historic Resources, and a number of local historical and genealogical societies. Philip A. Leone Director February 15, 2000 Table of Contents Page Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 Background and Historical Overview .................................................................... 2 General Approach for Collecting the Information Needed ............................... 7 Specific Research Activities for the Interim Report........................................... 9 Overview of Information Collected and Findings to Date ............................... 10 Planned Research Activities for the Final Report ............................................ 22 Appendixes .................................................................................................................. 25 Page 1 Interim Special Report: Revolutionary War Veteran Gravesites in Virginia Interim Special Report: Revolutionary War Veteran Gravesites in Virginia Senate Joint Resolution No. 345 and House Joint Resolution No. 530 from the 1999 Session direct JLARC to compile a list of sites where Revolutionary War veterans are buried and to study issues related to the care and maintenance of the burial sites of Revolutionary War veterans (Appendix A). The mandates provide for assistance from the Department of Historic Resources, and for the cooperation of various entities, in- cluding the Virginia Association of Counties, the Virginia Municipal League, the Vir- ginia chapters of the Sons of the American Revolution and the Daughters of the Ameri- can Revolution, and other interested parties. Specifically, the mandates require that the study address the question of where Revolutionary War veterans are buried through the development of a compiled list. Senate Joint Resolution 345 requires that the study consider “the number and loca- tions of graves and cemeteries of Revolutionary War veterans in the Commonwealth.” House Joint Resolution No. 530 requires the provision of “a compiled list of sites where Revolutionary War veterans are buried” in an interim report to the Governor and the 2000 Session of the General Assembly. This interim report, which reflects the work that has been done in this first phase of the project, has been developed to meet these requirements. The mandate also requires that broader policy or programmatic issues be ad- dressed. These issues concern the development of a program and policies to provide for the care and maintenance of the gravesites into the future. Such issues will be ad- dressed during a second phase of this review, which will lead to the completion of a final report before the 2001 Session. There are a number of components that are required by the study mandates in the second phase of the review. House Joint Resolution No. 530 anticipates the fact that the compiled listing of sites developed for the interim report is not likely to be a perfectly complete and accurate listing. Thus, it directs that JLARC “recommend a procedure for adding discovered grave sites to the list.” This resolution also directs that JLARC “recommend a program to restore and preserve all such sites, including the role of public and private entities in such site restoration and preservation.” Sen- ate Joint Resolution No. 345 similarly calls for JLARC to “study issues related to the care and maintenance of the burial grounds and graves” of the veterans. This resolu- tion specifies several elements that are to be included in this review, including the annual funding that might be necessary to restore and maintain the graves, and the optimal percentage of the funding required that might be expected from associations receiving such funds, if the State or local governments choose to provide resources for this purpose. This interim report addresses five primary topics. First, some background and a historical overview is provided, to address questions such as why the burial sites of Revolutionary War veterans is an issue today, what is currently known or believed Page 2 Interim Special Report: Revolutionary War Veteran Gravesites in Virginia about the number of veterans who are potentially buried in Virginia, and why a large number of the grave markers have probably already been lost to the ravages of time. Second, the general approach that is being used to collect data across the two phases of the project is discussed. Third, there is a description of the specific research activities that were conducted during phase one of this review to develop a compiled database. This compiled database lists veterans and the sites at which these veterans are report- edly buried or recognized. Fourth, a section provides an overview of the compiled database and the findings from this interim phase of the review. The section includes an analysis of the localities and cemeteries with the greatest numbers of veterans reported as buried or honored there. This section also explains the content of the data appendixes to the report, as well as the limitations of the information. Finally, the research activities that are planned or expected during the next phase of the study are described. BACKGROUND AND HISTORICAL OVERVIEW Currently, Virginia has a program to provide for the maintenance of Confed- erate gravesites. However, there is no similar program for Revolutionary War veter- ans. Further, while various national and locality listings are available that note Revo- lutionary War veterans and their burial locations in Virginia, a more comprehensive State list that compiles these various sources has not been available. It has been unclear how many Revolutionary War veterans, whether from Virginia or from other states, are actually buried within the State’s current boundaries. In addition to the fact that many of Virginia’s veterans are buried out of the State, there are other prob- lems that have limited the number of Revolutionary War veteran gravesites noted over the years and the number that can be identified today. Virginia’s Program for Maintaining Confederate Graves Section 10.1-2211 of the Code of Virginia provides grants to a variety of orga- nizations, including chapters of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, the Sons of Confederate Veterans, and cemetery organizations for the maintenance of graves and memorials at about 202 cemeteries. Actual maintenance
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