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IMAGERY IN THE NOVELS OF JULIAN BARNES (With Reference to Talking it Over, The Porcupine, England, England Love, etc. Arthur & George)
GAJANAN N. KATKAR
Rayat Shikshan Sanstha's Arts & Commerce College, Madha,Dist. Solapur (Maharashtra)
Abstract:
Julian Barnes was born in Leicester, England's East midland, on January 19, 1946 in the family of a teacher. His father, Albert taught French at st. Clement Danes from 1937 onwards till his retirement in 1971. His mother, Keye, also taught French. His elder brother, Jonathan is now a Professor of Philosophy in Geneva. He married Pat Kavanagh in 1979, and now lives with her in North London.
INTRODUCTION:
Though he was labeled as Francophile, he has been English in analyzing scrupulously and skeptically his own country so that he may have less disappointment when something terrible happens. He loves beef-eating, English science, English uprightness and pragmatism and that is being English in the real sense. He has led the active life of 27 years in the field of writing and published ten mainstream novels, four crime novels under pseudonym of Dan Kavanagh, two collections of short stories, and a book of essays. Besides, he has been a TV critic and produced Television movies. He has also produced cinemas on three of his novels. Barnes is also a well known review and article writer who has commented on various subjects. Julian Barnes is a living writer whose ten novels have been published until now. Julian Barnes wrote 10 mainstream novels. Metroland (1980). Before She Met Me (1982) Flaubert's Parrot (1984) Staring at the Sun (1986). A History of the World in 10 ½ Chapters (1989). Talking It Overs (1991). The Porcupine (1992) England, England (1998) Love Etc. (2000) Authur & George (2005). In addition, to these ten mainstream novels, he has also written four detective novels centered around the central character. Duffy, however, for these novels Mr. Barnes has taken the pseudonym Dan Kavanagh.
There are Duffy (1980) Fiddle City (1981), Putting the Boot In (1985). He has also written two collections of short stories entitled cross channel (1990) and The lemon Table (2004). In addition, there are three collections of essays based on his life in London. They are letters from London. (1990-95) Something to Declare (2002) The Pedant in the Kitchen (2003)
As a writer Julian Barnes has won number of awards in his career like Somerset Maugham Award for Metroland in 1981, Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize for Flaubert's Parrot in 1985 and Austrian State Prize for European Literature in 2004. Besides, he has also won the French Awards like Prix Medicis Award for Flaubert's Parrot in 1986, Gutenberg Prize in 1987, and Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des letters in 1988. His versatility can be seen in his winning of the awards like Prix Femina Etranger Award for Talking It Over in 1992 and in 1995, he won Officer de l'Ordre des Arts et des letters Award. He has also won the Italian Awards like Premio Grinzane Cavour for Flaubert's Parrot in 1988. In this way, Mr. Barnes has been felicitated in his own country and abroad. His greatness can also Title : IMAGERY IN THE NOVELS OF JULIAN BARNES .Source:Indian Streams Research Journal [2230-7850] GAJANAN N. KATKAR yr:2013 vol:2 iss:12 IMAGERY IN THE NOVELS OF JULIAN BARNES be proved in his successful attempt to receive the awards and prizes like Shakespeare Prize (Germany) in 1993, Commonwealth Writer's Prize (Eurosia Region, Best Book) for Arthur and George in 2006 and E.M. Forster Award (American Academy of Arts and Letters) in 1986. He has received the prestigious Man Booker Prize for his novel 'The sense of an Ending' 19th Oct. 2011 and three of his novels were short-listed for it, this may be regarded as a proof of his writing genius. The present paper proposes to study the use of imagery in Barnes' five novels :- Talking it Over, The Porcupine, England England, Love, etc. Arthur & George Imagery' This term is one of the most common in modern criticism and one of the most ambiguous. Its applications range all the wa from the “mental pictures” which, it is claimed. C. Day Lewis' defines an image” is a picture made out of words.” Imagery stresses as a major clue to poetic meaning, structure and effect. (Abrams, A Glossary of Literary Terms, 1999). It arouses in readers imaginative, emotional responses, as well as provides vivid description. Imagery enlightens readers about the opposites and likenesses that exist in the worls. (Drabble, The Concise Oxford Companion To English Literature, 1987).
IMAGERY IN THE NOVEL TALKING IT OVER (1991)
Talking It Over is a novel written in dialogue form; the inner as well as outer conflicts are canvassed by using comprehensible imagery. The images created in this novel are relevant to get closer to the meaning of the concept. Mr. Barnes has been poetic to use abstract, concrete or mixed images. Some of the images are given as it is necessary for exemplification. Oliver says, “God, we've only just met and you're coming on like some rampant nut-eater.” (8). Oliver says. “I remember the sky that day : swirling clouds like marbled endpapers.” (11) Stuart says, “There would have been a terrific scandal if there'd been anyone present to have a scandal around.” (36) Stuart says, “So this was what ollie took to doing, reducing his performance to a series of loud inhalings followed by a curt not”. (51) Stuart says, “The usual things – money, services, pointless humiliations (72) Gillian says, “I fell in love with him then, I fell in love with him because, it's sort of social necessity.” (73) Oliver says, “Rather I was a simple, a frangible petitioner, assisted only by the goddess flora”. (88) Oliver says, “Gillian's vestments : a sable swirl out of Boris Godounov, colours by Rimsky, light summer prints by the infant Rossini, gay accessories by Poulenc …….” (104) Gillian says, “How I tend to start with the boring bits like the sky and then reward myself later with an interesting part like a face or a patch of white” (117) Oliver says; “Another moment its retouch with a decorations brush, load every rift with pigment, and so on. The current talismanic concept is reversibility”. (124) Stuart says, “that he has hired a room because his aching bloody heart has to be near her, but that they aren't up to any monkey business”. (160) Val says, “And Stuart, despite being probably the most boringly conventional person it's ever been my misfortune to get entangled with, isn't at all surprised let alone alarmed by my psychological insight”, (190)
IMAGERY IN THE NOVEL THE PORCUPINE (1992)
The Porcupine is a political novel in which the conflict between two forces has been picturised. This conflict takes place on outer as well as inner surface. The imagery in the novel is helpful to get the meaning. The images are colourful, abstract, concrete and diverse in nature. Some of the examples are given as a necessity. There are different sounds inside the demonstration they are described as 'the dead, dully echoing sound of aluminium, the higher, more martial cry of wood on aluminium, the surprisingly light mess-time call of wood on iron, and the heavy, road-mending sound of aluminium upon iron'. (3) Angelina is stirred due to 'the innocent child's passive satisfaction with responses he knew to be at best plausible exasions'. (27). the revenge is described as 'a small, inexpensive revenge'. (44) The life style of Stoyo Petkanov is rich and expensive, his bag is described as'. Frozen hamburgers in bulk, courtesy of the diplomatic bag'. (56) The performer is called 'one oppressed performer' (72). He meant bringing, the Red Army home from its fraternal stationings' (88). The socialism is described as 'the ability to filter out bureaucratic distortions of the language'. (91) The hatred of Petkanov is described as 'constructive, unifying force among oppositionists'. (103) The response that Solinsky gets is narrated as 'Peter Solinsky sat down to loudly unjudicial applause, to the drumming of feet, the thumping of desks, and even raucous whistling'. (111)
IMAGERY IN THE NOVEL ENGLAND, ENGLAND (1998)
England, England is a unique novel, it has own originality. The story of life of Martha has been narrated in contrast to the story of Sir Jack Pitman. For that, the use of imagery proves to be a means to
Indian Streams Research Journal • Volume 2 Issue 12 • Jan 2013 2 IMAGERY IN THE NOVELS OF JULIAN BARNES comprehend the concepts. Some of the examples of imagery are given as it is necessary for illustration. The memory is compared to different elements as – Your first memory wasn't something like your first bra, or your first marriage or your first child, or the death of your first parent, or your first sudden sense of the lancing hopelessness of the condition. (3) A scenery of Martha's native place is described as “A rising hill behind, from which careless, scruffy animals looked down on their pampered, haltered cousins in the show ring below”. (7). A leaf that Martha holds in her palm is described as “Its scalloped edge made it seem like a piece of jigsaw, and for a moment her heart lifted”. (15) Sir Jack refers to Martha regarding their duty as” … and now our lingering imperial guilt, to sit back”. (47) Sir Jack refers to the cheap accommodation as “Some famously inexpensive bed-and-breakfast accommodation on the island” (63) Martha thinks, “… on the Oak-veneer paneling, hung a print of two dogs behaving like humans; around them, men in dark suits yelped and barked” (63). Paul uses surprise Sir Jack with items of forgotten wisdom”. (88). There was “an embarrassed silence” which Mark moved swiftly to counter. (92) The crisis in USA “looked like idleness or incompetence”. (127) Paul gave “an invented gesture” to A-Group on top of the Cave. (230)
IMAGERY IN THE NOVEL LOVE, ETC (2001)
Like Talking It Over, Love, etc also has quite a few interesting and experimentative examples of abstract as well as concrete images. Julian Barnes has been consistent to use different images and in this novel also, the imagery plays a significant role in order to relate the reader to the meaning. The novel has been written in the form of monologues, it is an experimentative from in which the characters directly interact with the reader. Due to this, the imagery has a special significance in the understanding of the novel. Some of the images are given for illustration. He is so old, so former fashioned that he likes haff songs which actually predate him. (4). the nicest spousal compliment I've had in some time. (5) O narcoleptic and steatopygous Stuart, he of the crepuscular understanding and the Weltanschauung build of Lego (13). And the second mistake is to assume that a plodding commemoration of previously feted detail, enlivening though it might be in a taproom. (14) So I was standing there like a scarecrow like a madwoman (20). Spots of blood on a baby's forehead: like some Black Sabbath blessing. (20). Tiny radiator grill like a gaoler's spyhole. (19) But across the land, it flourishes like the green bay tree. (31). Always a rather masturbatory implication to that, I feel. (32) Number three, the local outlets, which are often higgedly-piggedly, like thrift shops, with sacks of filthy recycled plastic bags and dopey staff. (35). The way Oliver stores up things to tell me, then comes like a child with both hands cupped together. (46) Oliver has always been a hand-on-wrist type of person. (49) I mean, in the pub he still treated me as if I was his kid sister. (51)
IMAGERY IN THE NOVEL ARTHUR & GEORGE (2005)
In Arthur & George, Mr. Barnes has used the language which may be regarded as a creation of the mind of a novelist who has the experience of nine novels to his credit. The novel has been written in different technique, the memories of the two protagonists have been brought onto the canvass of the words by using concrete as well as abstract images. Some of the images are given out of necessity for illustration. A small boy, a room a bed, closed curtains leaking afternoon light. (3) Everything was very orderly, always listed and numbered like the hymns and the prayers and the verses of the Bible. (4) George feels as if he is being slowly banished from the way, the truth and the life. (9) When Shapurji returns to the Vicarage, there is a young red-headed curate from Norfolk waiting to see him, and holding his Christian temper with some difficulty. (36). The top letter is in a childish, unconfident scrawl. (41) Back in England however he ran into Grant Allen : like Arthur a novelist and like Touie a consumptive. (69). They hide themselves; they watch and wait, they indulge in decorous social display. (163). She does not give an agreeable start at his name, or shyly confess herself a devoted reader. (164) …He becomes aware of a vast and violent leakage taking place inside his trousers. (167) A Gower-Bell loudspeaking telephone, shaped like a candlestick, stands on the hall table at undershow. (170). Such crude provocation merely confirmed the need to push forward on all fronts. (285). It was an absurality that the only way to overturn a wrongful conviction such as his was by petitioning the Home Secretary. (316)
CONCLUSION :
Imagery plays a significant role in the comprehension of the meaning in his novels. There are many images, which are blended appropriately by using abstract, as well as concrete, imagery. Julian Barnes uses figures of speech, especially simile and metaphor, to create imagery.
Indian Streams Research Journal • Volume 2 Issue 12 • Jan 2013 3 IMAGERY IN THE NOVELS OF JULIAN BARNES
REFERENCES
Talking it Over. London: Jonathan Cape Ltd., 1991. The Porcupine. London: Picador (in association with Jonathan Cape) Pan Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1993. England, England. London: Picador (in association with Jonathan Cape) Pan Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1999. Love, etc. New York: Vintage International Books, a division of Random House, INC., Dec. 2000. Arthur & George. London: Jonathan Cape Ltd., 2005. Abrams, M. H. A. Glossary of Literary Terms. 7th Edition. United Kingdom : Thomson Asia Pte. Ltd., 1999 P. 76. Drabble, Margaret. (ed.), The Concise Oxford Companion To English Literature, (1987) Oxfered University Press). Thorat, Ashok. et al. A spectrum of Literary criticism, 2008 : Frank bros. & Co. (Publisher) Ltd. New Delhi). Interviews.
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