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The Species of Symplocodes Hebard (Blattodea: Ectobiidae: Blattellinae) with Description of a New Species from China

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The Species of Symplocodes Hebard (Blattodea: Ectobiidae: Blattellinae) with Description of a New Species from China JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY, 2016 VOL. 50, NOS. 5–6, 339–361 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1079337 The species of Symplocodes Hebard (Blattodea: Ectobiidae: Blattellinae) with description of a new species from China Yuhong Zheng, Chenchen Wang, Yanli Che and Zongqing Wang Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY This paper provides a generic diagnosis, a species list and taxonomy Received 25 March 2014 for the genus Symplocodes Hebard, 1929. The new species Accepted 14 July 2015 Symplocodes euryloba sp. nov. from China is described and illustrated. Online 12 September 2015 Symplocodes tsaii Bey-Bienko, 1958 is regarded as a subspecies of KEYWORDS Symplocodes marmorata (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893), i.e. Chorisoserrata; new combi- S. marmorata tsaii comb. nov., and its differences from S. marmorata nation; new species; new marmorata (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893) are discussed. Two known synonym; tarsal claw species, Symplocodes ridleyi (Shelford, 1912) and Symplocodes manu- bria Feng et Guo, 1990, are redescribed and illustrated, whereas one new specific synonym, i.e. Symplocodes brachialis,isproposed.Akey to species worldwide is provided. The tarsal claws of these four speciesaswellasonespeciesofChorisoserrata Roth, 1998 are exam- ined and photographed to compare the intergeneric differentiation of claw specialization and to discuss its function. Introduction Hebard (1929)erectedSymplocodes including the single species Hemithyrsocera ridleyi Shelford, 1912, which was distinguished by the following: on average fewer branches of the ulnar vein of the wings, the male genitalia specialized and with strikingly dentate tarsal claws. Princis (1971) recorded six species worldwide, two of which were from China. Feng and Guo (1990) added two species, Symplocodes brachialis and Symplocodes manubria, from Yunnan, China. Subsequently, Roth (1995) synony- Downloaded by [University of Cambridge] at 05:19 08 April 2016 mized Aristiger Hebard and Parasymploce Hebard with Hemithyrsocera Saussure; but the first genus has sub-obsolete serrations on the tarsal claws, which does not resemble the distinct dentitions characteristic of Symplocodes. At the same time Roth also provided the generic diagnosis, reported Symplocodes juxtaridleyi, redescribed Symplocodes ridleyi (Shelford, 1912)andSymplocodes annamensis (Hanitsch, 1927), and transferred Ceratinoptera annamensis (Hanitsch, 1927)toSymplocodes. In 1999, Roth synonymized Symplocodes annamita with Symplocodes annamensis.Moreimpor- tantly, considering the weakly asymmetrical supra-anal plate and ventral view of the subgenital plate, he mentioned that Symplocodes marmorata (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893)andSymplocodes tsaii Bey-Bienko, 1958 might prove to be synonyms. No one has CONTACT: Zongqing Wang [email protected] http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:25DFE591-F01F-4EC7-95CD-604A7D70C3BA © 2015 Taylor & Francis 340 Y. ZHENG ET AL. since revised this group. There are currently nine known species of Symplocodes worldwide (Beccaloni, 2014). After examining specimens deposited in the Insect Collection of Southwest University (SWU), Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU) and Dali University (DLU), we redescribe Symplocodes, provide a key to species worldwide and describe one new species from China. Symplocodes tsaii Bey-Bienko, 1958 is degraded to a subspecies of S. marmorata (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893). Based on types and original descriptions, Symplocodes brachialis Feng et Guo, 1990 is synonymized with Symplocodes ridleyi (Shelford, 1912) here. This genus is compared with Chorisoserrata Roth and comments are given on the function of the strikingly dentate tarsal claws. The tarsal claws of all legs of the four species of Symplocodes listed here and one species of Chorisoserrata were examined using a Leica M205A microscope. This is the first time the tarsomere characters have been studied in detail for this genus. Material and methods The terminology used in this paper mainly follows Roth (1995, 1999). The nomenclature for wing-venation and male genitalia is according to Rehn (1951) and McKittrick (1964)respec- tively. Measurements are based on specimens examined. Genital segments of the examined specimens were macerated in 10% NaOH and observed in glycerine jelly using a Motic K400 stereomicroscope. All drawings were made with the aid of a Motic K400 stereomicroscope. Photographs of the specimens were made using a Canon 50D plus a Canon EF 100 mm f/ 2.8L IS USM Macro lens with the aid of Helicon Focus software. Photographs of the proximal tarsal claw were taken using a Leica M205A microscope with a Leica DFC Camera, and images were produced using the software LAS (Leica Application Suite) V3.7. The map (Figure 5) is downloaded from the website of SinoMaps Press (www.sinomaps.com)and modified with Adobe Photoshop CS5. Materials examined are deposited in the following collections: Southwest University (SWU), Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU) and Dali University (DLU) as indicated. Type specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection of Southwest University, Beibei, China and Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan, China. Taxonomy Downloaded by [University of Cambridge] at 05:19 08 April 2016 Symplocodes Hebard, 1929 Symplocodes Hebard, 1929: 75; Princis, 1971: 1129; Roth, 1995: 995; Roth, 1999: 133. Type species Hemithyrsocera ridleyi Shelford, 1912. Diagnosis (Partly after Roth, 1995) Vertex with interocular space slightly less than the distance between antennal sock- ets. Tegmina and wings fully developed (except the female of Symplocodes impar, which are reduced). Tegmina with an apical posterior branch of radius (AP. POST. BR) near middle of main stem of radius, median and cubitus veins longitudinal; hind wings with some of Rs and R1 slightly thickened distad, cubitus vein curved, simple, JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY 341 or with only one complete branch and incomplete branch absent. Front femur Type A3 (Figures 2C, 3C, 4C, 6C, 7C), pulvilli on four proximal tarsomeres, tarsal claws with inner margins heavily and conspicuously dentate, arolia present. Male: seventh abdominal tergum specialized with transparent region in centre, and with lateral lobes present or absent; subgenital plate strongly asymmetrical, with more or less complex structures on left side in dorsal view, most of left stylus absent (except S. juxtaridleyi); hook-like L3 short, on left side. Remarks Roth (1995) stated the only character that clearly separates Symplocodes from Hemithyrsocera is the distinctly toothed tarsal claw. Pseudophyllodromiinae genus Chorisoserrata also has toothed claws (Figure 8A–C) but it differs from Symplocodes in terms of characteristics as follows: eyes reduced, interocular space distinctly wider than the distance between antennal sockets; pronotum subelliptical but hind margin nearly truncate; median phallomere very long and slender, totally extending beyond the end of body with apical part protruding. The claw dentation of these two genera differs in some aspects morphologically and may result in (or from) different behaviours or habitats; the details are given in our entry for discussion. Distribution Oriental Region. Symplocodes manubria Feng et Guo, 1990 (Figures 1A, B, 2A–L, 8D–F) Symplocodes manubria Feng et Guo, 1990: 340. Materials examined One male (holotype), China, Yunnan Prov., Xishuangbanna, Meng’a, 1050–1080 m, 6 August 1958, coll. FJ Pu; two males (paratypes), same data as above; one male, China, Yunnan Prov., Simao, 29 May 1986, coll. PZ Feng; one male, China, Yunnan Prov., Xishuangbanna, Dadugang, 11 August 2009, coll. ZQ Wang; one male, China, Yunnan Prov., Simao, 1500 m, 30–31 October 2007, coll. WW Zhang; one male, China, Yunnan Downloaded by [University of Cambridge] at 05:19 08 April 2016 Prov., Yingjiang, Tongbiguan, 1287 m, 2 June 2008, coll. WW Zhang; one male, China, Yunnan Prov., Xishuangbanna, Mt Kongmingshan, 2100 m, 20 September 1957, coll. SY Wang. (SWU) Redescription Female unknown. Length, male (holotype in parentheses), overall length including tegmen: 13.6–15.2 (15.2)mm; pronotum length × width: 2.9–3.5 (3.4)mm × 3.8–4.2 (4.2)mm; tegmen length: 11.9–12.5 (12.5)mm. Body medium, yellowish brown (Figure 1A). Vertex yellowish brown, some individuals with irregular brown maculae (holotype without maculae). Face reddish brown, with one round reddish brown spot near antennal socket (Figure 2A). Ocellar spot yellowish white. Antennae blackish brown with base yellowish brown (Figure 1B). Fifth maxillary 342 Y. ZHENG ET AL. Downloaded by [University of Cambridge] at 05:19 08 April 2016 Figure 1. (A, B) Symplocodes manubria Feng et Guo from China, Yunnan Prov., Xishuangbanna, Meng’a; male (holotype): (A) dorsal view (B) ventral view. (C, D) Symplocodes marmorata marmorata (Brunner von Wattenwyl) from China, Xizang Aut. Reg., motuo; male: (C) dorsal view (D) ventral view. (E, F) Symplocodes marmorata tsaii (Bey-Bienko) comb. nov. from China, Sichuan Prov., Xichang; male: (E) dorsal view (F) ventral view. (G, H) Symplocodes ridleyi (Shelford) from China, Yunnan Prov., Menglun; male: (G) dorsal view (H) ventral view. (I, J) Symplocodes euryloba sp. nov. from China, Hainan Prov., Mt Jianfengling; male (paratype): (I) dorsal view (G) ventral view. Scale bars = 10.0 mm. JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY 343 Downloaded by [University of Cambridge] at 05:19 08 April 2016 Figure 2. Symplocodes manubria Feng et Guo from China, Yunnan Prov., xishuangbanna, meng’a. (A) Head, frontal view; (B) maxillary palps 3–5; (C) front
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