The Last Good Neighbor MEXICO in the GLOBAL SIXTIES
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Prosperity and Freedom Under Franco the Grand Invention of Tourism
1 Prosperity and Freedom under Franco The Grand Invention of Tourism In 1967, a prolific commercial filmmaker and staunch supporter of the Franco regime named Pedro Lazaga directed the smash-hit comedy El turismo es un gran invento. The film begins with an effusive documentary tribute to the in- dustry that, at the time, was rapidly transforming Spanish coastlines and be- coming a source of fascination throughout the country. The result is a startling portrait of a newly modernized Spain that gleefully belies the country’s image as Europe’s backward, impoverished outpost. A stream of panoramic aerial shots surveys newly constructed resorts: along the sparkling waters of the Mediter- ranean, modern high-rise hotels flank beaches bustling with suntanned vaca- tioners in bright swimwear. To the tune of a hip “dabadabadaba”-style cocktail lounge track entitled “Me gusta hacer turismo,” one reverse zoom after another reveals vast landscapes of tourist sprawl, visually echoing the explosive pace of construction. “Tourism! Tourism! Tourism!” shouts a male voice-over, “It’s a magic word that everybody is using nowadays, whereas just yesterday, although it was in the dictionary, nobody knew what it meant.” In the background, the lyrics of the jazzy jingle proclaim, “It’s a stimulating way to learn! Forget about your problems!” Tourism development in 1960s Spain was, in fact, almost as rapid and dra- matic as El turismo es un gran invento suggests. Needless to say, however, during the so-called happy sixties, not all Spaniards were frolicking at the beach or even pleased that many pockets of the country, thanks in part to soaring tourism rev- enues, had suddenly been catapulted into full-scale consumer capitalism. -
Franco's Spain, Queer Nation?
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform Volume 33 2000 Franco's Spain, Queer Nation? Gema Pérez-Sánchez University of Miami Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjlr Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, Legal History Commons, and the Sexuality and the Law Commons Recommended Citation Gema Pérez-Sánchez, Franco's Spain, Queer Nation?, 33 U. MICH. J. L. REFORM 359 (2000). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjlr/vol33/iss3/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SUMMER 2000] Franco' s Spain SPRING 2000] Franco'sSpain 359 FRANCO'S SPAIN, QUEER NATION? Gema Prez-Sdinchez* This Article discusses how, through its juridicalapparatus, the Spanish dictator- ship of FranciscoFranco sought to define and to contain homosexuality, followed by examples of how underground queer activism contested homophobic laws. The Article concludes by analyzing a literary work to illustrate the social impact of Francoism'shomophobic law against homosexuality. INTRODUCTION In the introduction to iEntiendes?: Queer Readings, Hispanic Writ- ings,' Paul Julian Smith and Emilie L. Bergmann regret the lack of historical -
Martin-Mastersreport-2015
Copyright by James Ralph Martin 2015 The Report Committee for James Ralph Martin Certifies that this is the approved version of the following report: Reincarnation of the Good Neighbor: Nixon and the Creation of Latin American Policy APPROVED BY SUPERVISING COMMITTEE: Supervisor: Jeremi Suri Mark Lawrence Reincarnation of the Good Neighbor: Nixon and the Creation of Latin American Policy by James Ralph Martin, B.S. Report Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts The University of Texas at Austin May 2015 Dedication To Laura for her patience, and Stephen for the type laughter only a toddler can bring Acknowledgements I would like to thank the Omar Bradley Foundation, the Graduate History Department at UT Austin, and the Clements Center for History, Strategy, and Statecraft for funding portions of the research that led to this report. v Abstract Reincarnation of the Good Neighbor: Nixon and the Creation of Latin American Policy James Ralph Martin, M.A. The University of Texas at Austin, 2015 Supervisor: Jeremi Suri Much of the research on President Richard Nixon and his Latin American policy offers an overly simplistic portrayal of his attitudes and polices toward Latin America. This report explores the creation of President Richard Nixon’s Latin American policy in the first year of his administration. After a brief overview of key events early in the administration, such as the U.S. government’s response to the brief war between El Salvador and Honduras known colloquially as the “Soccer War”, the body of the report will explore two discrete events. -
United States and Mexico: a Stormy Friendship
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1985 United States and Mexico: A stormy friendship Dianne L. Donnelly The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Donnelly, Dianne L., "United States and Mexico: A stormy friendship" (1985). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 5183. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/5183 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COPYRIGHT ACT OF 1976 This is an unpublished manuscript in which copyright sub- s ts . An y further reprinting of its contents must be approved THE AUTHOR, Ma n s f ie l d L ibrary Un iv e r s it y of Montana Date : 1 9 8. 5. The United States and Mexico: A Stormy Friendship by Dianne L. Donnelly B.A., The University of Montana, 1978 Presented in Partial Fullfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 1985 Approved by: Chairman, Board of Examiners Dean, Graduate School Date UMI Number: EP40647 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. -
Perfect Dictatorship? Dictablanda? Or PRI State Hegemony? Latin American Research Review 53(1), Pp
Vaughan, Mary Kay. 2018. Mexico, 1940–1968 and Beyond: Perfect Dictatorship? Dictablanda? or PRI State Hegemony? Latin American Research Review 53(1), pp. 167–176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25222/larr.294 BOOK REVIEW ESSAY Mexico, 1940–1968 and Beyond: Perfect Dictatorship? Dictablanda? or PRI State Hegemony? Mary Kay Vaughan University of Maryland, College Park, US [email protected] This essay reviews the following works: Political Landscapes: Forests, Conservation, and Community in Mexico. By Christopher R. Boyer. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2015. Pp. xix + 337 pages. $27.95 paper. ISBN: 9780822358329. Dictablanda: Politics, Work, and Culture in Mexico, 1938–1968. Edited By Paul Gillingham and Benjamin T. Smith. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2014. Pp. vii + 444. $28.95 paper. ISBN: 9780822356370. The War Has Brought Peace to Mexico: World War II and the Consolidation of the Post-Revolutionary State. By Halbert Jones. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2014. Pp. ix + 296. $55.00 cloth. ISBN: 9780826351302. Mexico’s Once and Future Revolution: Social Upheaval and the Challenge of Rule since the Late Nineteenth Century. By Gilbert M. Joseph and Jürgen Buchenau. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2013. $23.95 paper. Pp. x + 252. ISBN: 9780822355328. Instituting Nature: Authority, Expertise, and Power in Mexico’s Forests. Andrew S. Mathews. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2011. Pp. xii + 304. $32.00 paper. ISBN: 9780262516440. The Logic of Compromise in Mexico: How the Countryside Was Key to the Emergence of Authoritarianism. By Gladys I. McCormick. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2016. Pp. xiv + 284. $32.95 paper. ISBN: 9781469627748. -
Relations Between Latin America and the United States: Balance and Prospects Titulo Aguirre, Luis Maira
Relations Between Latin America and the United States: Balance and Prospects Titulo Aguirre, Luis Maira - Autor/a; Autor(es) Politics and Social Movements in an Hegemonic World: Lessons from Africa, Asia and En: Latin America Buenos Aires Lugar CLACSO, Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales Editorial/Editor 2005 Fecha Sur-Sur Colección relaciones internacionales; politica exterior; imperialismo; historia; Estados Unidos; Temas Caribe; America Central; Capítulo de Libro Tipo de documento http://bibliotecavirtual.clacso.org.ar/clacso/sur-sur/20100711014703/2_Aguirre.pdf URL Reconocimiento-No comercial-Sin obras derivadas 2.0 Genérica Licencia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/deed.es Segui buscando en la Red de Bibliotecas Virtuales de CLACSO http://biblioteca.clacso.edu.ar Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (CLACSO) Conselho Latino-americano de Ciências Sociais (CLACSO) Latin American Council of Social Sciences (CLACSO) www.clacso.edu.ar Luis Maira Aguirre* Relations Between Latin America and the United States: Balance and Prospects** The Caribbean and Central America at the origin of the United States imperial expansion If the relations between the United States and Latin America are studied from a historical perspective, they appear to be considerably more stable and to have greater continuity than is suggested by an examination based on specific circumstances. Since the Latin American countries consolidated their independence from the Spanish Empire in the second and third decades of the nineteenth century, their links with the leading country in the north of the hemisphere have been asymmetrical, dependent and of secondary importance for policy- makers in Washington. Exceptions to this are only found under certain “crisis situations” that quite occasionally take place in Latin American countries. -
Primary Document #1: the Open Door Notes (Policy) (1899-1900)
Primary Document #1: The Open Door Notes (Policy) (1899-1900) By the late 19th century, Japan and the European powers had carved much of China into separate spheres of influence, inside of which each held economic dominance. The U.S., coming late to imperialism, held no sphere of influence in China. In 1899 U.S. Secretary of State John Hay proposed an "Open Door" policy in China in which all nations would have equal trading and development rights throughout all of China. Such a policy would put all the imperialist powers on equal footing in China and would limit the advantages of having one’s own sphere of influence. As you read, think about how the Open Door policy might be seen as noble and fair, and think about how it also reflects American political and economic self-interest. Document A: The Open Door Notes (Policy) Earnestly desirous to remove any cause of irritation and to insure at the same time to the commerce of all nations in China... [the United States urges all nations claiming a sphere of influence in China to declare] that [all nations] shall enjoy perfect equality of treatment for their commerce and navigation within such spheres.... We adhere to the policy... of peace with the Chinese nation, of furtherance of lawful commerce, and of protection of lives and property of our citizens by all means.... The policy of the Government of the United States is to seek a solution which may bring about permanent safety and peace to China, preserve Chinese territorial and administrative entity, protect all rights guaranteed to friendly powers by treaty and international law, and safeguard for the world the principle of equal and impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese Empire. -
![United States Interventions in Latin America [Student's Paper Series] David Fields, Ph.D](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/4965/united-states-interventions-in-latin-america-students-paper-series-david-fields-ph-d-2054965.webp)
United States Interventions in Latin America [Student's Paper Series] David Fields, Ph.D
Florida International University FIU Digital Commons Western Hemisphere Security Analysis Center College of Arts, Sciences & Education 9-2011 Two Decades Out of the Whirlpool: Past (and Possible Future) United States Interventions in Latin America [Student's Paper Series] David Fields, Ph.D. Candidate Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/whemsac Recommended Citation Fields, Ph.D. Candidate, David, "Two Decades Out of the Whirlpool: Past (and Possible Future) United States Interventions in Latin America [Student's Paper Series]" (2011). Western Hemisphere Security Analysis Center. 35. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/whemsac/35 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Arts, Sciences & Education at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Western Hemisphere Security Analysis Center by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Two Decades Out of the Whirlpool: Past (and possible Future) United States Interventions in Latin America David Fields Ph.D. Candidate September 2011 STUDENT’S PAPER SERIES The Western Hemisphere Security Analysis Center (WHEMSAC) at Florida International University’s Applied Research Center is pleased to present the Student Papers Series on topics concerning the security and stability of Latin America and the Caribbean. The research papers in this Series are authored by graduate students at universities in the United States and abroad. They represent new voices and often new views on current hemispheric issues. WHEMSAC welcomes these new scholars and looks forward to their continued contributions to the Latin American and Caribbean scholarship. Two Decades Out of the Whirlpool: Past (and possible Future) United States Interventions in Latin America David Fields Ph.D. -
After Interventionism: a Typology of United States Strategies
Diplomacy & Statecraft ISSN: 0959-2296 (Print) 1557-301X (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/fdps20 After Interventionism: A Typology of United States Strategies John MacMillan To cite this article: John MacMillan (2019) After Interventionism: A Typology of United States Strategies, Diplomacy & Statecraft, 30:3, 576-601, DOI: 10.1080/09592296.2019.1641927 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/09592296.2019.1641927 © 2019 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Published online: 20 Aug 2019. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 86 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=fdps20 DIPLOMACY & STATECRAFT 2019, VOL. 30, NO. 3, 576–601 https://doi.org/10.1080/09592296.2019.1641927 After Interventionism: A Typology of United States Strategies John MacMillan Department of Politics and History, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK ABSTRACT What strategies does the United States pursue when it no longer perceives overt military intervention as politically viable or desirable but the problems or issues for which it was for- merly undertaken remain? This analysis identifies three such periods in American foreign policy since the United States became a World Power and draws from the work of Peter Hall to develop a typology of strategies according to the magnitude of policy change. These range from adjustment in the settings of interventionism – persistence; the substitution of alternative instruments of foreign policy – ameliorism; and the principled rejection of interventionism in conjunction with a more systematic critique of prevailing foreign policy assump- tions – transformationalism. -
Representing the Good Neighbor: Material For
“Representing the Good Neighbor: Material for U.S. and Brazilian Relations during World War II” A thesis submitted by Isabel Loyola in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Tufts University May 2018 Adviser: Peter Winn i Abstract The thesis focuses on U.S. and Brazilian relations during World War II. In an effort against the spread of European fascisms in Latin America, the United States started a mission to secure Brazilian loyalty. For Brazil, to break relations with the Axis, was a difficult choice. Given that it had a well-established trade relation with Germany and a numerous German, Italian, and Japanese immigrant populations. Brazil saw U.S. interest as an opportunity to gain much needed profitable economic agreements that would advance the development of the country into a regional and international power. In this mutually beneficial agreement propaganda played an important role; it crystalized the partnership. Two examples have been chosen to analyze how the campaign reflected wartime representations of Brazil for a U.S. audience: the Brazilian Pavilion for the 1939 New York World’s Fair, and the wartime films of Carmen Miranda. ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my professor Peter Winn and professor David Ekbladh for helping me develop this project, from its beginnings as a final essay to this thesis. I would like to thank the History Department and the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences for awarding me with the funds needed for my multiple research trips. Thank you for believing in my project. This process would not have been the same without the support of faculty, administrative staff, friends, and family. -
The Monroe Doctrine
Day 11 The Monroe Doctrine In 1823, in his annual message to Congress, President James Monroe stated that 'the American continents ... are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.' Foreign powers had been coming and going from North and South America for many years. The President made a bold statement in this message. This 'Monroe Doctrine' became the basis for American foreign policy for the future. A doctrine is 'a stated principal of government policy.' Americans were concerned that Spain and France were trying to regain power in Central and South America. The British asked the United States if they could join in this doctrine. John Adams opposed this idea. In the years following, although Spain and France did occasionally send troops into those areas, America was mainly interested in decreasing British trade to those areas. The United States wanted to increase its own trade with Central and South America. In 1842, President John Tyler used the doctrine as the basis for his right to annex Texas. Venezuela complained. A Venezuelan newspaper reported. 'Beware, brothers, the wolf approaches the lamb.' The United States was characterized as a wolf using power over Mexico who owned Texas. In 1861, to avoid focus on the possibility of the Civil War and distract attention, Secretary of State Seward tried to use the doctrine to drive out all foreign countries from Cuba and make it independent. President Lincoln said no. In the 1890's, the Latin American countries were upset because America defended Venezuela over a boundary dispute with British Guiana, its neighbor. -
Richard M. Nixon at the National Press Club, May 21, 1958
Richard M. Nixon at the National Press Club, May 21, 1958 Vice President Richard M. Nixon (center) with Sen. John F. Kennedy (right), Jacob Seidenberg (at podium), Herman Edelsberg and Ruth Rabb, May 1958. National Press Club Archives Vice President Richard M. Nixon (1913-1994) spoke to reporters at a National Press Club luncheon and fielded their questions one week after his “goodwill” trip to eight South American nations ended in a vicious demonstration of anti-Americanism that threatened his life. Nixon kept his cool throughout the ordeal and returned home to accept a hero’s welcome. The encounter, one of the “Six Crises” Nixon described in the book he wrote a few years later bearing that title, led the vice president to urge President Dwight D. Eisenhower to revamp U.S. policy toward Latin America. At the nationally televised Press Club talk, he expressed opinions in this vein that he fleshed out for the president in a National Security Council meeting the following day. Relations between the U.S. and Latin America have been guided by the Monroe Doctrine, formulated in an 1823 message to Congress by President James Monroe in response to threatened Russian and French incursions into the Western Hemisphere. In effect, the doctrine established a U.S. sphere of influence by warning European powers against future colonization in the Americas. President Theodore Roosevelt added a corollary in 1904 to justify the U.S. becoming the region’s “international police power” when chaotic internal conditions resulting from “chronic wrongdoing” or “incompetence” otherwise might invite European interference. During the first third of the twentieth century, the U.S.