Aromatherapy Journal

The National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy Aromatherapy Journal

The Seed and Root Issue • The Renaissance of Dill • Planting for Pollinators • Fennel and Ginger • Heavenly Angelica! • Herbal Salves for Aromatherapy • Borage Oil

Aromatherapy E-Journal Spring 2020.1 © Copyright 2020 NAHA Aromatherapy Journal Spring 2020.1 2 Aromatherapy Journal A Quarterly Publication of NAHA Table of Contents Spring 2020.1 AJ576 The National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy, Inc. (NAHA) A non-profit educational organization Boulder, CO 80309 Adminstrative Offices 6000 S 5th Ave Pocatello, ID 83204 Phone: 208-232-4911, 877.232.5255 PAGE NAVIGATION: Click on the relevant page number to take you Fax: 919.894.0271 a specific article. To go back to the Table of Contents, click on the Email: [email protected] arrow in the bottom outside corner of the page. Websites: www.NAHA.org www.conference.naha.org Editor’s Note...... 5 Executive Board of Directors President: Annette Davis Planting for Native Pollinators ...... 9 Vice President: By Amanda Plunkett Jennifer Hochell Pressimone Public Relations/Past President: The Renaissance of Dill (Anethum graveolens)...... 15 Kelly Holland Azzaro By Sharon Falsetto Secretary: Rose Chard Treasurer: Eric Davis The Aroma of Ginger Essential Oil for Director Coordinator: Sharon Falsetto Digestive Complaints ...... 25 Journal Committee By Kathy Sadowski Chief Editor: Sharon Falsetto Assistant Editor: Kelly Holland Azzaro Heavenly Angelica! (Angelica archangelica)...... 31 Journal Layout: Kelly Peak By Tricia Ambroziak Photography: Savannah Rose

Article Submissions Fennel: A Versatile Powerhouse of Nutrition...... 41 Please send article proposals to: By Marie Olson Sharon Falsetto [email protected] Borage Oil (Borago officinalis L.)...... 49 Advertising By Dawn Shipley Rodriguez For advertising information, please email: [email protected] Media Guide Herbal Salves for Aromatherapy...... 55 The opinions expressed by the authors are By Anna Pageau their own and do not necessarily reflect the views of the editor or of NAHA. NAHA Safe Formulation of Essential Oils and the editors do not accept responsiblity into Aromatherapy Products...... 61 for the use or misuse of essential oils mentioned in these articles. The By Kayla Fioravanti Aromatherapy Journal reserves the right to accept or reject any advertisement or The Power of Aromatherapy Product Photography...... 67 article submitted and does not necessarily By Haleigh Fioravanti endorse products advertised in this journal.

COVER IMAGE & ABOVE: Borage (Borago officinalis L.)

 4 Return to Top Editor’s Note Spring 2020: Seed and Root

During the long, dark days of winter, perennial herbs such as rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), sage (Salvia officinalis), oregano (Origanum vulgare), and peppermint (Mentha × piperita) harbor strong roots underground, anchoring and nourishing the plant for next year’s growth. Biennials such as fennel (Foenuculum vulgare) and angelica (Angelica archangelica) go through one year’s cycle before they produce flowers in the second season, slow to emerge and short-lived when they do. Annuals such as sunflower (Helianthus annuus), dill (Anethum graveolens), and borage (Borago officinalis)burst quickly into life, completed in one growing season, but not before producing seed in the Autumn for the next generation.

So how does this relate to life? Some people are anchors in life, with strong roots to weather almost any storm, and turn up time and time again, battered but never broken. Some take longer to emerge, and shine for just a short while, but ever beautiful in that time. Whereas still others spring forth at an early age, dazzle us with their brilliance, and then their light is dimmed all too quickly. We usually don’t know whether we will be that reliable anchor, the slow, but brilliant, starter, or the dazzling light gone too soon. My advice: Be that bright light, the slow starter if needed, and that strong anchor in crazy times. It’s possible to be the root and the seed in life. Just don’t take too long to think about it. Go for it and be a rosemary, angelica, and sunflower!

With those thoughts in mind, our spring issue, Seed and Root, gives us a close-up-and-personal look at plants, oils, and hydrosols such as borage (Borago officinalis), dill (Anethum graveolens), angelica (Angelica archangelica), ginger (Zingiber officinale) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Back in the garden, we look at Planting for Pollinators and how to use Herbal Salves for Aromatherapy, in place of traditional essential oils. Look- ing further into product formulation and promotion for your business, we have articles on Safe Formulation of Essential Oils into Aromatherapy Products and capturing the perfect photo in The Power of Aromatherapy Product Photography. And our growing team of NAHA Regional Directors have excelled themselves with a generous helping of spring recipes!

Did you know that it’s just a short six months until NAHA’s tenth World of Aromatherapy Conference? Located at the beautiful University of Utah campus between October 14 -17, our spectacular line up of presenters include some of the most respected and well-known names in the aromatherapy world such as Salvatore Battaglia, Penny Price, David Crow, Kurt Schnaubelt, and Madeleine Kerkhof. We hope that you will join us either as an attendee, sponsor, and/or vendor! To learn more, visit the conference website!

Finally, think about putting down firm roots in your profession this year and sowing more seeds for future harvest, as aromatherapy moves forward into the next decade.

With aromatic blessings for an inspiring spring, Sharon Falsetto Sharon Falsetto, BA (Hons), NAHA Certified Professional Aromatherapist®

 8 Return to Top

Planting for Native Pollinators

By Amanda Plunkett NAHA Certified Clinical Aromatherapist®

t is late Spring, and the sun sets into (Buddleja davidii), edible fig (Ficus carica), Igolden pink and purple hues while fields and olive (Olea europaea). These plants, of blooming lavender paint the landscape of native to other countries, provide valuable California. Various eucalyptus (Eucalyptus honeybee forage and often offer other valuable globulus, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, qualities. Yet, these beauties provide much Eucalyptus cladocalyx) and melaleuca debate among environmental and wildlife (Melaleuca quinquenervia, Melaleuca advocates. Why? alternifolia) trees which border the fields Concern for Non-native Plantings and offer cool respite from the heat. Sitting in Pollinators their shadow, your senses alight with the synergy of delightful aromas as the evening These commonly planted species originate in transitions to moon rise. On the ride home Europe, Asia, and Africa, the native habitat along the highways, lantana (Lantana for honeybees. Thus, honeybees thrive in camara), gazania (Gazania linearis), palms urban areas where foreign ornamentals are (Phoenix canariensis, Washingtonia robusta), often planted. Yet, such exotics often escape and pepper trees (Schinus molle, Schinus cultivation, outcompete natives, and eventually terebinthifolius) fill the dreary miles of driving become invasive. The time period between in traffic with color. This imagery realistically the innocuous pretty blooms bought at the depicts a delightful visit to sunny Southern nursery and the invading conqueror in wild California. areas sometimes takes decades.1 The California Invasive Plant Council lists many of these Other popular ornamental plantings include: plants on “invasive” or “watch” lists; yet, if you Sea fig (Carpobrotus walk down the aisles of most nurseries, you’ll chilensis), pride of still find these plants locally. Madeira (Echium candicans), butterfly This concerns environmental and bush wildlife researchers and advocates because many of our native plants and pollinators are at risk. Many of our native plants and pollinators are Sage (Salvia officinalis) declining rapidly. Native plants

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and their corresponding pollinators have flowers.”2 Thus, one cannot exist without the special relationships. Other than bumblebees, other. which are considered generalists, most native The endangerment surrounding Monarch pollinators in the United States have mutually butterflies, which only host on milkweed, adapted to develop specialized relationships. has become common knowledge across Specialist plants often only receive pollinations the country as populations have declined from one or a few taxa of specialist pollinators drastically in recent years. However, many and, much of the time, specific pollinators more examples exist. The gorgeous El Segundo only feed their young from one or a few special blue (Euphilotes battoides allyni), endemic to plants. For example, “the senita moth depends a small 4.5-mile radius sand dune ecosystem on a single plant species – the senita cactus in California, only hosts on seacliff buckwheat – both for its food and for a place to lay eggs. (Eriogonum parvifolium). The imperiled The senita cactus is equally dependent upon Bauer’s Dotted Blue butterfly (Euphilotes the moth, the only species that pollinates its baueri) is another butterfly that only hosts on specific species of buckwheats; these include Kennedy’s (Eriogonum kennedyi), oval-leafed (or cushion) (E. ovalifolium), and strict (or Blue Mountain) buckwheat (E. strictum).

As a result of these intimate relationships, habitat fragmentation (small pockets of non- native habitats) more strongly affects our native pollinators.

“Habitat fragmentation is defined as the process during which a large expanse of Senita cactus (Pachycereus schottii) habitat is transformed into a number of smaller patches of smaller total area isolated “In the parched Sonoran Desert of southern from each other by a matrix of habitats unlike Arizona and northern Mexico, the senita the original.”4 moth depends on a single plant species—the senita cactus—both for its food and for a Yet, those concerned about maintaining place to lay eggs. The senita cactus is equally wildlife diversity in urban areas while dependent upon the moth, the only species protecting wildlife, including pollinators, can that pollinates its flowers. Senita cacti and combat habitat fragmentation5 in managed senita moths have a rare, mutually depen- landscapes by incorporating native plantings, dent relationship, one of only three known especially native “at risk” or “to watch” dependencies in which an insect actively plants listed by the United Plant Savers.6 For pollinates flowers for the purpose of assur- example, in southern California, white sage 3 ing a food resource for its offspring.” (Salvia apiana), over foraged for its medicinal value, grows quite easily from starts found

 10 Return to Top Planting for Native Pollinators continued at native plant nurseries and invites native bees into the area in which it is planted. The common California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum) provides blooms most of the year and feeds a huge array of pollinators (fifteen confirmed, thirty-six likely)2 including native bees, honeybees, and butterflies.

Resources for the Home Gardener

How can a home gardener find the resources for native plants? Where are the resources to Curb Excess Tea Recipe find at-risk plants and pollinators? Use this recipe to “curb excess” such as turbulent An interested gardener can look for a emotions, body fluids, pain, etc. It gently relaxes local native nursery and / or local water the body and mind. The “cherry” aroma of yerba conservation district with the help of the santa (Eriodictyon californicum) soothes the lungs following lists. The websites Xerces.org, and calms grief. This tea is an example of a mixture of native and ornamental plantings in a local garden Pollinator.org, and the Lady Bird Johnson in California. Wildlife Center (at Wildflower.org) all have Ingredients: localized plant lists. Xerces.org maintains lists for endangered pollinators7 in local areas 1 tsp. yarrow flowers (Achillea millefolium) around the country. Look at an individual 1 tsp. mimosa flowers (Albizia julibrissin) profile for local “at risk” pollinators for listed 2 whole feverfew flowers host plants and then plant them in your (Tanacetum parthenium) landscape. Some state native plant societies ¼ tsp. common torn sage leaves list the pollinators for each plant. For example, (Salvia officinalis) 3 Calscape lists fifteen confirmed pollinators 1 tsp. yerba santa torn leaves for California buckwheat (Eriogonum (Eriodictyon californicum) fasciculatum). By incorporating native plants among the ornamentals, vegetables, and herbs, Instructions for Making: Steep the herbs in 8-oz. we can help to reestablish native habitats in of boiling water for at least 15 minutes. Strain off our urban landscapes so that biodiversity the herbs after you’ve finished steeping them. in local wildlife populations and “at risk” Directions for Use: Drink 8-oz. of tea as needed pollinators is encouraged more. with no more than 4 cups daily. Cautions: Because of the astringent herbs included References: in the recipe, it is not recommended for nursing 1. Jeffrey A. Crooks “Lag times and exotic species: The ecology and mothers. The inclusion of sage may pose a risk in management of biological invasions in slow-motion,” Ecoscience 12(3), 316-329, (1 September 2005). Accessed from: https://doi. pregnancy. Due to the inclusion of feverfew, this org/10.2980/i1195-6860-12-3-316.1 tea is not recommended for nursing or pregnant 2. Rice University, Which Came First, The Moth Or The Cactus?, mothers, or with use for children under two years ScienceDaily website. ScienceDaily, 17 August 2007. Accessed from: of age. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/08/070813170037.htm

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3. Calscape website, Plant Profile: Buckwheat. Accessed from: community as a NAHA Certified Clinical https://calscape.org/Eriogonum-fasciculatum-(California-Buckwheat) 4. California Invasive Plant Council website, Plants A-Z, accessed Aromatherapist®. In 2016, she launched Bee from: https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profiles/ Rooted, a company dedicated to advocating 5. Research Gate website, How does habitat fragmentation affect the for healthy environments and rescuing biodiversity and ecosystem functioning relationship?, accessed from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323201451_How_does_ nuisance honeybees. Since then, she has also habitat_fragmentation_affect_the_biodiversity_and_ecosystem_ functioning_relationship successfully completed a horticulture class 6. United Plant Savers website, Species At-Risk List, accessed from: and gained an Organic Lawn Care Accredited https://unitedplantsavers.org/species-at-risk-list/ Professional Certification. 7. Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation website, Species Profiles: At-Risk Invertebrates, accessed from: http://xerces.org/ endangered-species/species-profiles As an Environmental Illness survivor, she feels she has a special relationship with bees as they About Amanda Plunkett: too are sensitive to miniscule environmental After years of suffering with an environmental changes. She uses her experience to spread illness, Amanda turned to holistic medicine. awareness for healthier environments, offering She began her aromatic education by consultations and presentations around the obtaining her Advanced Aromatherapy and country on holistic personal care, organic Internal Usage Certifications under the landscaping, and developing habitat for mentorship of Jade Shutes in 2015 with over pollinators. To learn more about Amanda, 500 hours of training. She now serves the visit her website at: www.beerooted.com.

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 14 Return to Top Dill (Anethum graveolens)

The Renaissance of Dill (Anethum graveolens) By Sharon Falsetto, BA (Hons) NAHA Certified Professional Aromatherapist®

or centuries, dill has had a reputation Fas a medicinal and culinary herb. Yet, in q r q r q r q modern-day use it’s often passed over in favor of other herbs. In the garden, dill is often con- “She nightshade straws to work him ill, fused with its close relative fennel (Foeniculum Therewith her vervain and her dill, vulgare) due to their similar appearances. That hindereth witches of their will, In perfumery practice, it’s often passed over Of purpose to despite him. in favor of its spicier counterpart cardomon (Elettaria cardamomum), or basil (Ocimum Then sprinkles she the juice of rue, basilicum), if a more herby-spicy aroma is re- That groweth underneath the yew; quired. In herbal medicine, dill has benefits as With nine drops of the midnight dew, an herbal tea; yet, it’s not the first herb which From lunary distilling…” springs to mind as a tea constituent. And in Excerpt from Nymphidia aromatherapy practice, the citrus family are of- The Court of the Fairy ten favored for their digestive properties over

the “highly digestible” dill. By Michael Drayton (1563 – 1631)1

r q r q r q Although dill deserves more attention than it q gets in all these categories, you’ll find that it’s also difficult to source as an essential oil for aromatherapy use, at least here in the United The Language of Dill (Anethum graveolens) States. On the plus side, dill is relatively easy to grow in the garden. Resourceful folk can infuse, Pronunciation: bottle, and distill dill into a variety of culinary uh-NEE-thum gruh-VEE-uh-lenz vinegars, medicinal oils and teas, and more. As graveolens: “With a heavy scent.”2 a bonus, dill is growing in popularity as a cut flower in the resurging flower farm industry, dilla: Old Norse word meaning “to lull.” The English word dill is believed to be a derivative so grab a few sprigs and brighten up your table of dilla.3 with a beautiful, home-grown bouquet!

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Botanical Profile Garden Profile

Botanical Name: Anethum graveolens. How to Grow from Seed: Dill is easy to grow from seed when direct sown in the Synonyms: Dill weed, dill seed, Peucedanum garden. It prefers full sun and moderate graveolens, Fructus anethi. soil. Dill doesn’t mind somewhat cooler Botanical Family: Apiaceae. temperatures to get started, so direct sow a couple of weeks Plant Characteristics: before your average last frost Dill is an annual or biennial herb date to get a good start on the (depending on climate). It has season. However, it doesn’t like several definitive characteristics much of a frost, as it is a warm which lead to its confusion with season herb, so timing can be its close botanical cousin, fennel tricky if you get a last-minute (Foeniculum vulgare): hard frost. That being said, dill seed sown courtesy of the wildlife Stalk: Dill towers over in my garden has usually been neighboring herbs with its two- Dill (Anethum graveolens) lying dormant throughout winter foot-plus-high stalks which and tends to “start itself” once culminate in umbels of flowers in early weather conditions are optimal, so you could summer. Fennel doesn’t quite reach the same sow in late autumn/early winter, if the seed lofty heights as dill. doesn’t start to grow straightaway. Leaves: Feathery leaves which have “linear Garden Notes: Dill will “bolt” once the and pointed leaflets.”4 weather gets too hot for it. Here in Arizona, Flowers: Umbels of yellow flowers. that means early summer. If you are growing to harvest the leaves, successive sowing may Fruit: Or “seeds,” are abundant, showing help to prolong your season. Dill mesmerizes prominently on the “flower heads” after the me in the garden. Although it is a simple flowers begin to die back. enough plant, there is some untapped beauty Plant Distribution: in the way it mingles with its garden bed fellows, and the therapy which is stored in its Dill is indigenous to the Mediterranean region leaves, seeds, and flowers. and neighboring countries. It once grew wild in abundance at a time when historical Garden Benefits:Dill stalks and seed heads writers such as Dioscorides, Pliny, and various dry out much like sunflower (Helianthus Medieval scribes lauded its benefits. Its annuus) when left to stand through the alternative name, dill weed, throws reference autumn months. Birds often take advantage of to its plentifulness. Today it is cultivated the dried seeds if left undisturbed, sometimes throughout the world, and it is commonly freely distributing next year’s crop in the grown by herb gardeners. process.

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Historical Use What is Gripe Water? There’s much information written about dill Gripe water originated from England in the with reference to its historical use, and its mid-nineteenth century. It was originally perceived “magical” powers. Like many ancient formulated for the treatment of malaria in herbs, dill was used during the Medieval babies in an area of marshland, known as period to protect users from witchcraft. the Fens, in eastern England. The formula was subsequently adapted by a pharmacist People hung it over doors and windows to named William Woodward for the treatment protect themselves and their homes. On the of colic in babies.19 flip side of that scenario, dill was also used There are various ingredients for gripe for love potions and spells.5 It was thought water, listed by various sources, but the of as a good luck charm, a protector, and a general consensus seems to be that gripe symbol of courage. Everyone from students water was a mix of baking soda (sodium bicarbonate), alcohol, and herbs, which to brides wore dill to protect themselves or included dill. It was the inclusion of alcohol change their fortune. One of the more unusual in the formula which got gripe water recommendations from Medieval times was originally banned in the United States.20 In fact, many thought that it was the inclusion the burning of dill “to clear thunderclouds.”6 of alcohol that worked so well with babies, not the herbs! Dill’s derivation from the Norse word, dilla, meaning to lull, is a reference to its widespread Today, gripe water is readily available in use for calming colicky babies. In fact, the many stores across the United States – without the inclusion of alcohol. And yes, commonly used gripe water used for such a many mothers still advocate its use with purpose was originally made from a remedy just the inclusion of baking soda and herbs containing dill. A variation on using dill to such as dill, ginger, fennel, and lemon balm. calm babies was seen in Europe in the use of “dilly pillows,” stuffed full of dill (and lavender The ancient Italians added dill into their 7 (Lavandula angustifolia)). herbal cheese.8 The dill was usually dried Keville continues on to write in her book, The before adding it in. Today, as in the past, dill Aromatherapy Garden, that: “The ancient is a popular accompaniment or ingredient world considered dill[e] so important that it with fish, cucumber, and bread.9 And, as if dill was exchanged as money.” This is not the first didn’t have an impressive-enough resume of herb to be used in such a way as black pepper historical use, we also learn that it was listed in (Piper nigrum) was another plant which was the ancient Egyptian Ebers Papyrus as part of traded as currency in the historical world. a pain-killing treatment.6

Dill Seed or Dill Weed: What’s the Difference? (Anethum graveolens)

Dill Seed Fruit or seed Dill Weed Herb part of the plant Essential Oil Aroma Fresh, warm, spicy Sweet, green, spicy Essential Oil Chemistry Predominately limonene/carvone10 Predominately carvone10 Traditional Use Europe and UK United States

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Chemistry Profile essential oil, although similar, have slightly different nuances. Dill Seed: Chevallier6 writes that: “Dill seeds contain up to 5% volatile oil (about half of The table on the previous page summarizing which is alpha-phellandrene), flavonoids, the differences between dill seed and dill weed coumarins, xanthones, and triterpenes.” in this article indicates that, although both essential oils have a hint of spice, dill weed is Essential Oil (Seed): Peace Rhind concurs more sweet and green (as would be expected Tisserand and Young’s chemistry profile from the herby part of a plant) whereas dill of dill seed essential oil by stating that its seed is more warm, like many other seed oils. main chemical components are d-limonene and d-carvone.3,10 Limonene is part of the Peace Rhind adds that dill seed essential oil monoterpene chemical family. Carvone is part is also slightly minty.3 Keville expands on of the ketone chemical family. dill’s aromatic profile by stating that both are similar (due to shared chemical components) Essential Oil (Weed): Tisserand and Young but that dill seed is sharper than dill weed.7 list carvone as the top chemical constituent in dill weed essential oil, with the next highest Arctander13 describes dill seed essential oil as chemical component as phellandrene and/or “fresh, warm-spicy and reminiscent of caraway limonene.10 and spearmint, although less sharp.” He goes on to compare dill weed essential oil to spear- Chemotypes: Dill essential oil has a number mint, elemi and citrus essential oils in aroma. of chemotypes, made up of varying, common chemical constituents.9,11 In all aromatic profiles for dill, it is consistently compared to caraway (Carum Both dill seed and dill weed essential oil are carvi). Subsequently, caraway makes an steam or water distilled from their respective excellent substitution for dill, with regard to plant parts. aroma and, according to Arctander, chemical Aroma Profile composition.

Battaglia writes that: “The aroma of seed oils Therapeutic Properties 12 is generally sweet, earthy, warm and spicy.” Traditional uses for dill include digestive Therefore, it would follow that the aroma remedies for indigestion, flatulence, and between dill seed essential oil and dill weed stomach ailments. Chevallier6 recommends chewing dill seeds to eradicate bad breath. He European Dill Seed or Indian Dill Seed? also recommends adding the herb to cough European dill seed (Anethum graveolens) and cold remedies, using it to provide relief essential oil is not the same as Indian dill from menstrual cramps, and as a diuretic. seed (Anethum sowa) essential oil. Indian dill seed essential oil contains a high percentage Lawless describes dill seed essential oil as of the chemical component apiole which is “antispasmodic, bactericidal, carminative, not advised for use in pregnancy. Possible complications include risk of abortion. digestive, emmenagogue, galactagogue, hypotensive, stimulant, stomachic.”9

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Cautions for Use

Avoid dill in pregnancy.18 Dill may also interact with some anti-diabetic medication.10 Use in low dilution to avoid skin sensitivity.

Clinical Studies

The use of dill for therapeutic reasons is supported in the following studies:

• For flatulence and pain: In a study on flatulence experienced by mothers after a cesarean section, it was concluded that the use of dill (Anethum graveolens) essential oil reduced flatulence and lessened abdominal pain.21

• Reduction in glucose levels: A study on the Effects of Hydroalchoholic extract of Anethum Dill for Nursing Mothers graveolens (Dill) on Plasma Glucose and Lipid Chevallier advocates the use of dill by Levels in Diabetes Induced Rats showed: nursing mothers to increase milk production and to prevent colic in babies. Lawless14 “Results: The results indicated significant supports this same advice with the use of dill reduction in glucose, total cholesterol, seed essential oil. Tierra15 writes that “Dill, taken internally as a tea by the mother, will triglyceride, LDL [low-density lipoprotein] and increase breast milk.” He also records that VLDL [very-low-density lipoprotein] levels dill (weed) is used for colicky children. in TDCG rats compared to DCG rats. Due Various studies discuss the use of dill for to the use of dill extract, HDL [high-density nursing mothers. These include: lipoprotein] level was significantly increased.22 • An article, Increasing Your Milk Supply with Galactogogues, written by Lisa Marasco, Conclusion: Effect of Anethum graveolens of Santa Barbara County Public Health Dept. is related to antioxidant compounds. Th[ese] Nutrition Services and published in The Journal of Human Lactation in December compounds affect glucose absorption and beta 2008, lists dill as a possible source to cells regeneration. The results of this research increase milk supply in lactating mothers.16 indicate that using hydroalcoholic extract of • Dill (Anethum graveolens) was concluded Anethum graveolens could effectively decrease to be one of the most effective galactogogue plants in traditional Persian medicine in blood sugar levels.” an abstract of an article, Breastfeeding. A Review of its Physiology and Galactogogue Other Ways to Use Dill Plants in View of Traditional Persian Medicine, written by Roghayeh Javan, Behjat Javadi, The herb dill can be used in a number of ways and Zohre Feyzabadi.17 over using the essential oil. In addition

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to the ideas listed below, check out the Out-of- Out-of-the-Box Ideas for Using Dill the-Box Ideas for Using Dill. Use dill as: Dill, as an herb, can be used in various • An infused oil ways: • A hydrosol • A tincture For Flavor: Infuse dill with apple-cider vinegar for an alternative salad dressing, • A tea. or as a base for culinary sauces. Simply pack a mason jar with dill leaves (before Conclusion the flowers bloom) and cover with apple- Dill is not a common herb to use when it cider vinegar. Leave to infuse, in a cool, dark cupboard for four weeks. Strain the plant comes to essential oil practice. However, dill material from the vinegar and re-bottle. has some useful therapeutic properties, in Store the vinegar in the refrigerator for up addition to a pleasing aroma. It is an easy-to- to six months. grow plant in the garden and can be used in For Pleasure: Cut long sprigs of dill from various ways, such as oil infusions, and as a your garden, just before they flower, and tea. It combines well with many of the other combine with chamomile flowers and cornflowers for a late spring/early summer herbs found in the common garden patch, in homemade floral display. You may need addition to citrus and spice oils. Dill should be to cut the stems of the dill down to size, enjoying a renaissance, given its long history of depending upon your vase size and height. To prolong vase life, add a teaspoon of use, and I, for one, am an advocate for bringing sodium bicarbonate to the flower water. this plant and herb back into popular use!

References: Cultivars Cultivated under Egyptian Conditions, Said-al Alh Hah, Omer Ea, PDF downloaded from: https://innovareacademics.in/ 1. Symons, Arthur, 1906, A Pageant of Elizabethan Poetry, Blackie & journals.php Son Limited, p.86. Accessed from Google Play Free Ebooks: https:// play.google.com/store/books/details?id=6YIgAAAAMAAJ&rdid=bo 12. Battaglia, Salvatore, 2019, Aromatree: A Holistic Guide to ok-6YIgAAAAMAAJ&rdot=1 Understanding and Using Aromatherapy, Australia: Black Paper Creative, p. 117. 2. Harrison, Lorraine, 2012, Latin for Gardeners, England: Quid Publishing, p. 101. 13. Arcatander, Steffen, 1960,Perfume and Flavor Materials of Natural Origin, US: Pathfinder, p.139. 3. Peace Rhind, Jennifer, 2016, Aromatherapeutic Blending, UK: Singing Dragon, p. 257. 14. Lawless, Julia, 2013, The Encyclopedia of Essential Oils, US: Conari Press, p. 83. 4. Botanical.com website: A Modern Herbal by Mrs. M. Grieve, Dill, retrieved from: https://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/d/dill--13. 15. Tierra, Michael, 1998, The Way of Herbs, US: Pocket Books, p. html 130. 5. Peace Rhind, Jennifer, 2014, Fragrance and Wellbeing, UK: 16. Marasco, Lisa, 2008, Increasing Your Milk Supply with Singing Dragon, p. 205. Galactogogues, accessed from: https://www.researchgate. 6. Chevallier, Andrew, 2016, Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine, US: net/profile/Lisa_Marasco/publication/23441867_Inside_ DK Publishing, p. 168. track_Increasing_your_milk_supply_with_galactogogues/ links/00b495268197d7a4ab000000/Inside-track-Increasing-your- 7. Keville, Kathi, 2016, The Aromatherapy Garden, US: Timber Press milk-supply-with-galactogogues.pdf Inc., p. 152. 17. Roghayeh Javan, Behjat Javadi, and Zohre Feyzabadi, 8. Heilmeyer, Marina, nd, Ancient Herbs, LA: The J. Paul Getty Breastfeeding. A Review of its Physiology and Galactogogue Plants Museum, p. 46. in View of Traditional Persian Medicine, Breastfeeding Medicine, 9. Lawless, Julia, 2013, The Encyclopedia of Essential Oils, US: Conari Vol.12, No.7, published online 1 Sep 2017, accessed from: https:// Press, p. 82. www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/bfm.2017.0038 10. Tisserand, Robert, Rodney Young, 2014, Essential Oil Safety 2nd 18. Caddy, Rosemary, 1997, Aromatherapy: Essential Oils in Colour, Edition, UK: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, pp. 269 – 270. UK: Amberwood Publishing Ltd., p.24. 11. Novare Academic Sciences, International Journal of Pharmacy and 19. Blumenthal, Ivan, 2000, The Gripe Water Story, Journal of the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 8., Issue 5, 2016, Essential Oil Content Royal Society of Medicine, Volume 93, April 2000, accessed from: and Chemical Composition of Eight Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/014107680009300404

 20 Return to Top The Renaissance of Dill continued Dill ( Anethum graveolens )

Digestive Calm Remedy Scents from the Garden Perfume Blend

Use this blend to ease mild indigestion and tummy A garden-inspired perfume blend of herbs, orange, ache complaints. and a touch of spice!

Ingredients: Ingredients: 2-oz. unscented, white lotion base 0.33-oz. jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) Essential Oils: Essential Oils: 4 drops dill seed (Anethum graveolens) 6 drops dill weed (Anethum graveolens) 4 drops lemon (Citrus × limon) 5 drops spearmint (Mentha spicata) 4 drops pink grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi) 8 drops green mandarin (Citrus reticulata) 8 drops ginger (Zingiber officinale) 6 drops neroli 5 drops cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) (Citrus aurantium var. amara (flos)) 2 drops anise star (Illicum verum) Directions for Making: Pre-mix the essential oil 4 drops cardamom (Ellettaria cardamomum) blend in a glass measuring cup. Add the unscented, white lotion base to a 2-oz. glass jar. Pour the complete essential oil blend into 2-oz. unscented, white Directions for Making: Pre-mix the essential oil lotion base. Stir together. Cap the jar and label. blend in a glass measuring cup. Add jojoba to a 0.33-oz. glass, roll-on bottle. Pour the complete Instructions for Use: Apply a dime-sized amount essential oil blend into the jojoba. Affix fitting and of the blend to fingertips and massage gently, in a cap securely. Shake the bottle vigorously. Label. clockwise direction, over the abdomen (circling the belly button). Use as needed. Instructions for Use: Apply a small amount to pulse points as required for fragrance. Cautions: Possible photosensitivity. Avoid exposing application site to sun. For adult use only. Avoid Cautions: For adult use only. Avoid use with some use with some anti-diabetic medication.10 Avoid in anti-diabetic medication.10 Avoid in pregnancy. pregnancy. Possible skin sensitivity. Possible skin sensitivity.

20. Shapiro, Eben, 1991, The Nanny Says Yes, But the F.D.A. Says No, placebo-controlled trial, Journal of Herbal Medicine, accessed from: accessed from The New York Times archives online: https://www. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2017.01.002 nytimes.com/1991/09/07/news/the-nanny-says-yes-but-fda-says-no. 22. Hossein Madani, Nargol Ahmady Mahmoodabady, Akbar Vahdati, html A study on the Effects of Hydroalchoholic extract of Anethum 21. Fazel, Nasrin, Pejhan, Akbar, Taghizadeh, Mohsen, Tabarraei, graveolens (Dill) on Plasma Glucose and Lipid Levels in Diabetes Yaser, Sharifi, Nasrin, 2017, Effects of Anethum graveolens L. (Dill) Induced Rats, Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism, Volume essential oil on the intensity of retained intestinal gas, flatulence 5, Issue 2 (18 2005), accessed from: http://ijdld.tums.ac.ir/article-1- and pain after cesarean section: A randomized, double-blind 370-en.html

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About Sharon Falsetto: Aromatics, helping small businesses succeed in the business of aromatherapy. Sharon is Sharon Falsetto, BA (Hons), is a UK-certified an intuitive custom blend formulator and aromatherapist through the Penny Price has years of experience in this practice. As Academy of Aromatherapy. She has lived a student of herbalism, she also believes in in the United States since 2006 and is the integrating herbal knowledge within her founder of Sedona Aromatics: The Garden aromatherapy formulas and teachings. School.TM Sharon personally wrote the home study aromatherapy education program She works from her garden studio in Sedona, for Sedona Aromatics, The Linguistics of Arizona, where she offers small workshops AromaticsTM Program, approved by NAHA, and retreats on-site, surrounded by her one- and individually mentors one-on-one with acre homestead and aromatic gardens. Sharon each of her students from around the world. is the author of Authentic Aromatherapy, the chief editor of the NAHA Aromatherapy Sharon has worked within the healthcare Journal, the NAHA Director Coordinator, and industry since the 1990’s. She has also been the NAHA regional director for Arizona. She writing and editing professionally since 2008 will be presenting at the NAHA Conference and is both a published author and editor in October 2020 on The Garden Apothecary: in aromatherapy. With a graduate degree in Traditional Aromatics for 2020. You can visit business (with honors), she coordinates the Sharon’s website at: Business Botanicals™ program for Sedona www.sedonaaromatics.com

23  Return to Top WE BELIEVE

in the warmth of a touch in caring for those both near and far in transforming lives for the better in the healing power of love in sharing the gifts of nature. Breathe deep. Be well.

100% PURE • BACKED BY SCIENCE • CONSCIOUSLY SOURCED

www.rareESSENCEaromatherapy.com

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The Aroma of Ginger Essential Oil for Digestive Complaints

By Kathy Sadowski, MS in Aromatherapy, RA, LMT

ou may be wondering, “How can an aroma human studies to aid with indigestion. Ginger Yhelp reduce indigestion…wouldn’t it be (Zingiber officinale), and blends with ginger, more effective to ingest a botanical extraction have shown in a significant number of studies if your gut aches?” Certainly, many studies to be very helpful, with extremely minimal have demonstrated that ingesting key herbs negative side-effects. can aid in alleviating a variety of digestive complaints. This article reviews the physiology of how aroma can reduce indigestion, with studies Essential oils, which can be 100 times demonstrating how ginger aromatherapy can more potent than the same plant’s herb, gently help with digestive complaints. are considered unsafe to ingest without the advice of a trained expert, unless using The Physiology of How Aroma can a commercially formulated blend with Improve Digestion 1 internal usage instructions. With that being Stress can have a gut-wrenching effect! said, the therapeutic margin is small, and Digestive processes are controlled by the contraindications with medical conditions and nervous system. When we are stressed, the medications taken must be considered. sympathetic nervous system goes into fight-or- Aromatherapy via inhalation can offer a flight mode, and can cause digestive cramping, gentle and effective alternative to help reduce acidity, nausea, constipation, or diarrhea. digestive complaints. The pathophysiology of Long term stress can contribute to diseases nausea / indigestion can be quite complex, like digestive tract inflammation, irritable going beyond just issues with the digestive bowel syndrome, gastric reflux, and ulcers.2 system organs. Anxiety and mood can affect Reducing stress can help with gastrointestinal tract motility. Thus, indigestion. Getting our calming the nervous system with nervous system back into aromatherapy has shown in parasympathetic mode, multiple scientific studies also nicknamed “rest to be safe and effective in and digest,” improves reducing nausea. our body’s unconscious A variety of essential oil bodily functions, including aromas have been shown in Ginger (Zingiber officinale) digestive activities.

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oil molecules are fat soluble, they will bind to lipophilic plasma proteins in the blood, then tend to leave the blood to be absorbed into fat and muscle tissue. Further, metabolism occurs, in which molecules are transformed to be more water soluble and leave the body through urination.3

• Placebo Effect: In a scientific study, if a participant is receiving a treatment, and believes the treatment could result in a possible effect, the participant’s expectations can influence a response.3

Human Studies on Ginger Aroma for Nausea

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) essential oil aroma may have both a psychological and pharmacological effect to aid in digestive Ginger (Zingiber officinale) malfunctions. Below are brief summaries Essential oil scents have been shown to of several human studies where the scent help reduce stress. What are some possible demonstrated a reduction in nausea: physiological mechanisms for this effect? • In a placebo-controlled study with sixty • Psychological Effect: Scent enters the abdominal surgery patients, half received nose, attaching to olfactory receptors, which ginger (Zingiber officinale) aromatherapy right send a message via the olfactory nerve, after surgery and showed significantly less directly to the limbic system of the brain. vomiting and nausea compared to the group Here, the amygdala and hippocampus process that did not receive aromatherapy.5 the aromatic stimuli and activate emotional • In a randomized and controlled study with memories. The limbic system then passes 120 patients, those who were administered the sensory information onto the voluntary aroma of ginger (Zingiber officinale), applied and involuntary motor centers of the brain, to the collar, had lower post-operative nausea.6 affecting our rate of respiration, circulation, digestion, and hormone production, including • In a double-blind study involving 322 post- cortisol.3,4 operative patients, ginger (Zingiber officinale) and peppermint (Mentha × piperita) • Pharmacological Effect: Essential oil aromatherapy significantly reduced nausea molecules that enter the nose can then be and vomiting.7 introduced into the bloodstream via the nasal or lung mucosa, offering a possible • In a randomized controlled study with 90 pharmacological effect. Since most essential pregnant women, the aroma of lemon

 26 Return to Top Ginger Essential Oil continued

(Citrus × limon) and the aroma of ginger each helped reduce nausea.8 Indigestion Aromatherapy Recipe

• In 73 patients with post-operative nausea, You will need a 10 mL amber glass bottle to make this recipe. an aromatherapy blend of equal parts ginger (Zingiber officinale), cardamom (Elletaria Essential Oils: cardamomum) and tarragon (Artemisia 2.5 mL ginger (Zingiber officinale) dracunculus) essential oils applied topically to 2.5 mL peppermint (Mentha × piperita) the skin of the neck had positive results in 75% 2.5 mL lemon (Citrus × limon) 9 of the patients. 2.5 mL lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) • In a randomized trial of 301 patients with post-operative nausea, ginger aromatherapy Directions for Making: Mix equal parts of each was effective in reducing symptoms.10 essential oil and add to the amber glass bottle. Label the bottle with the date and ingredients. • In a randomized placebo-controlled study, Instructions for Use: Add a few drops of the 184 patients were divided into four groups: blend to a cool mist diffuser (at a rate of one drop Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) aroma- per ounce of water) and diffuse for thirty minutes. therapy, rose (Rosa × damscena) aromathera- Cautions for Use: Avoid diffusing in close py, ginger (Zingiber officinale) aromatherapy, proximity to young children and pets. Utilize or no scent. The ginger and lavender groups diffusers in well ventilated rooms. Certain medical showed the greatest reduction in post-oper- conditions may be contraindicated for use. Consult your doctor or a certified aromatherapist if you have ative nausea, and the rose group was slightly specific questions. better than the water (no scent) group.11 Alternate Use: Alternatively, mix the blend with • A blend of lavender (Lavandula angustifo- a carrier oil such as jojoba or sweet almond at a rate of ten drops per ounce of carrier oil. Massage lia), ginger (Zingiber officinale), peppermint a dime-sized amount onto the neck. (Mentha × piperita), and spearmint (Mentha spicata) essential oils placed in a portable Cautions for Use: Avoid using with young children. Avoid use with pets. Certain medical conditions may inhaler was effective in reducing nausea in 121 be contraindicated for use. Consult your doctor 12 post-operative patients. or a certified aromatherapist if you have specific questions. Discontinue use if any irritation occurs. In summary, ginger aroma can be an effective and gentle way to help reduce nausea. References Upon entering the nose, it may have both a 1. NAHA website, General Safety Precautions. Retrieved on psychological and/or a pharmacological effect. 1/16/2020 from: https://naha.org/explore-aromatherapy/safety Multiple human studies have demonstrated 2. Iliades, C. M.D. (10/16/18). How Stress Affects Digestion. Retrieved on 1/16/2020 from: https://www.everydayhealth.com/ this therapeutic action. wellness/united-states-of-stress/how-stress-affects-digestion/ 3. Peace-Rhind, J., 2012, Essential Oils: A Handbook for Additional essential oil aromas have also Aromatherapy Practice. 2nd Edition. UK: Singing Dragon. shown significant potential, including pepper- 4. Buckle, J., 2003, Clinical Aromatherapy: Essential Oils in Practice, Second Edition. UK: Churchill Livingstone. mint (Mentha × piperita), lemon (Citrus × li- 5. Lee, Y. R., & Shin, H. S. (2017). Effectiveness of ginger essential oil mon), and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia). on postoperative nausea and vomiting in abdominal surgery patients.

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The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 23(3), About Kathy Sadoswki: 196-200. 6. Adib-Hajbaghery, M., & Hosseini, F. S. (2015). Investigating the Kathy Sadowski has a Master of Science effects of inhaling ginger essence on post-nephrectomy nausea and vomiting. Complementary therapies in medicine, 23(6), 827-831. degree in Aromatherapy from the American 7. Fearrington, M. A., Qualls, B. W., & Carey, M. G. (2019). Essential College of Healthcare Sciences. With a passion Oils to Reduce Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing. for reading scientific studies on herbs and 8. Kustriyanti, D., & Putri, A. A. (2019). The Effect of Ginger and essential oils, she has developed the website Lemon Aromatherapy on Nausea and Vomiting among Pregnant www.EarthtoKathy.com, which categorizes Women. Jurnal Keperawatan Soedirman, 14(1), 15-22. 4,000 plus scientific research articles on 9. De Pradier, E. (2006). A trial of a mixture of three essential oils in the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. International plants by species, therapeutic action, and Journal of Aromatherapy, 16(1), 15-20. constituent. The goal is to demonstrate a 10. Hunt, R., Dienemann, J., Norton, H. J., Hartley, W., Hudgens, A., Stern, T., & Divine, G. (2013). Aromatherapy as treatment for growing amount of evidence for the potential postoperative nausea: a randomized trial. Anesthesia & Analgesia, healthful uses of herbs and essential oils. 117(3), 597-604. 11. Karaman, S., Karaman, T., Tapar, H., Dogru, S., & Suren, M. Kathy is a professional member of NAHA and (2019). A randomized placebo-controlled study of aromatherapy for AIA, a Registered Aromatherapist (ARC), the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Complementary therapies in medicine, 42, 417-421. licensed massage therapist, and enthusiast 12. Hodge, N. S., McCarthy, M. S., & Pierce, R. M. (2014). A for environmental protection and a natural prospective randomized study of the effectiveness of aromatherapy for lifestyle. Visit Kathy’s website at: relief of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 29(1), 5-11. www.EarthtoKathy.com

 28 Return to Top Therapeutic Essential Oil Blends To Roll-On. Anytime. Anywhere.

www.Amrita.net

29  Return to Top ROMATHERAPY A 0 0 1 Vitalist Aromatherapy Course at the Colorado School of Clinical Herbalism

The Art and Science of Integrating Aromatherapy with Western Herbalism

April - September 2020

COURSE DIRECTOR Kathryn Delaney, Certified Clinical Aromatherapist, CCH, CN [email protected] www.clinicalherbalism.com/programs-courses/aromatherapy 720.406.8609 l o f C li n Lafayette, Colorado oo ica h l c H S o e r

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Heavenly Angelica! (Angelica archangelica)

By Tricia Ambroziak, NAHA Certified Professional Aromatherapist®

he name Angelica archangelica L. (syn. Synonyms for Angelica archangelica Archangelica officinalis) resounds with T The Kew Science website recognizes beauty and elegance, as well as hope and nineteen synonyms for Angelica protection. As its name suggests, the naming archangelica including, among others: of Angelica archangelica was inspired by • Angelica commutata the angelic. The name stems from the Greek • Angelica discocarpa arkhangelos, meaning archangel, and the herb • Angelica norwegica is linked to angelic protection and presence. • Angelica sativa. The potency of the herb as a medicinal plant Sometimes two subspecies are recognized was reportedly revealed to physician Mattheus particularly for their differences in flavor Sylvaticus by an archangel, prompting botanist and stem strength. Angelica archangelica Carl Linnaeus to employ its descriptive ssp. archangelica is known for its softer, nomenclature.1 easily compressed stems, and pleasant aromatics, while Angelica archangelica Nicholas Culpeper stated “..some called ssp. litoralis has harder stems and a more pungent odor.3 this an herb of the Holy Ghost; others more moderate called it Angelica, because of its angelic virtues…”2 And a European myth cites northeast Europe, Russia, Iceland, Greenland, a monk’s dream of an archangel that advised and the Himalayas.3 Some sources suggest its use against the bubonic plague.3 it is a native of Syria and later spread to cooler European climates. Angelica is widely Angelica archangelica hydrosol may not be on cultivated in Northern Europe, and in Belgium, the radar of many aromatherapists but given Spain, Holland, France, Germany, Romania, its divine history perhaps we should pay more Hungary, India, Thailand, the United States, attention to this majestic, highly sustainable and Canada. It is used as both food and herbal plant, and its hydrosol in the aromatherapy medicine.4 world. Known also as archangel, garden angelica, Angelica archangelica: Distribution, Norwegian angelica, masterwort, holy ghost, Botany, and Habitat wild celery, and wild parsnip, angelica is a A well-known aromatic herb cultivated since member of the Apiaceae (or Umbelliferae) ancient times, angelica is native to north and family which includes plants such as anise

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(Pimpinella anisum), caraway (Carum hemlock (Conium maculatum), water hemlock carvi), carrot (Daucus carota), celery (Apium (Cicuta virosa), and spotted cowbane (Cicuta graveolens), cumin (Cuminum cyminum), dill maculata). Given angelica’s resemblance (Anethum graveolens), fennel (Foeniculum to several poisonous species, one must be vulgare), parsley (Petroselinum crispum), and absolutely certain of the plant’s identity before parsnip (Pastinaca sativa), to name a few.5 consuming it.

The family includes a number of phototoxic Angelica archangelica grows as a biennial, species, angelica being one of them, as well a taking two years to complete its life cycle. few highly poisonous species, including poison During its first year, angelica grows a clump of Angelica ( Angelica archangelica ) ©2020 Savannah Rose/NAHA

 32 Return to Top Heavenly Angelica! continued basal leaves. During the second year, the plant species in the Apiaceae family.3 produces a magnificent and aromatic display The roots are grey-brown outside with a white of stalk, leaves, flowers, and seeds anchored or yellowish white interior. The roots are by its root stock. It grows to heights of five feet typically two to four inches in length (5 to 10 (1.5m) to eight feet (2.4m) or more.6 cm) and less than two inches thick (5 cm). All parts of the plant are aromatic, and the They are covered with bark and resin dots that flavor and scent are comparable to anise indicate the location of resin ducts. The root (Pimpinella anisum). The compound leaves is starchy and, according to herbalist Mathew are pale green and composed of triply divided Wood, “quite oily” in nature and stimulate the leaflets with serrated or fine-toothed edges. “fat of the kidneys” or adrenal cortex. The root The lower leaves can span up to three feet taste is described as initially sweet and spicy, (0.91m) in length, with individual leaflets as followed by bitterness.7 long as three inches (7.62 cm).6 Angelica grows in the wild and as a cultivated Angelica produces hollow green stalks that are plant. It prefers dappled sunlight, damp, smooth and thick with a splash of purple at the slightly acidic soil, and cooler climates. base. Its majestic stems were the inspiration It grows most vigorously in Scandinavia for fluted, Doric Columns found in Ancient southward to the Alps and Pyrenees, and in Greek architecture.3 North America from Canada to the Carolinas.6

The distinctive flowers remind me of a American angelica (Angelica atropurpurea) fireworks display. The tiny greenish-white grows throughout the Eastern United states flowers create compound umbels of up and is used as an herb in North America. to six inches (15.24 cm) in diameter. The The North American plant is typically less flowers mature early to midsummer of the aromatic, and the fresh root is more toxic.7 second year. In fact, some attribute the name Chinese angelica, or dong quai, (Angelica angelica to the coincidence of the flowers with sinensis) is widely used in traditional Chinese the traditional feast and celebration of the medicine for women’s health as well as Apparition of St. Michael (May 8th).4,6 cardiovascular health. The hermaphroditic flowers are self-fertilized The Culinary and Therapeutic Uses of and pollinated by insects. Black flies and fruit Angelica archangelica flies apparently have a fondness for angelica, so you may want to cultivate angelica away Angelica has a wide array of uses from from doors and windows lest you get some decorating cakes and puddings, to its use uninvited guests indoors. The flowers ripen to as herbal medicine, as a flavoring agent in seed in late summer and are easily dispersed.6 cordials and liqueurs, and as a vegetable. So apparently you can have your angelica and eat The fruits form as small dry, ridged your cake too! schizocarps up to nine millimeters long. The tan schizocarps split into two seed containing Angelica can be eaten raw or cooked as a mericarps, a characteristic shared by many vegetable but, as mentioned earlier, given

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its similarity to poisonous members of the The Therapeutic Uses and Apiaceae family one must be absolutely certain Benefits of Angelica Seeds, Leaves, the species is indeed Angelica archangelica. Stalks, and Roots

The stalks, leaves, and flower heads can be Angelica has long been used to soothe digestive eaten as a vegetable. In Scandinavia, raw complaints and as a carminative herb. stems are traditionally eaten in meals and Gastric imbalances such as colic, some cultivars are described as sweet flatulence, sluggish digestion, and tasting. Leaf stalks can be indigestion may benefit from use of peeled and cooked and eaten Angelica archangelica.9,10 much like celery. In Greenland Angelica is particularly useful and the Faeroe islands, the stems in gastrointestinal (GI) and leaf stalks are combined imbalances where there is with rhubarb, and tender sluggishness, cold, or depressed flowerheads are grilled or function. While bitters can often used in omelets. The raw be cooling in nature, angelica leaves can be used as is considered warming.11 It 3 a salad herb. As with tends to act as a tonic to the many herbs, enjoying gastrointestinal (GI) tract the plant as food is both and supports liver function. The beneficial and delicious. bitter principles and sugars trigger As Hippocrates said, “Let gastric secretions and gastric acid food be thy medicine and production.9,10 While it is useful for medicine be thy food!” digestive support, other herbs may be 3 The leaves and stalks are better suited for GI inflammation. candied or crystalized in sugar Angelica archangelica may also be and used to decorate cakes Angelica beneficial in cases of convalescence, as a and confections. Most of the (Angelica archangelica) muscular tonic, and for deficiency caused angelica grown commercially by anorexia.9 Angelica is believed to address for confections comes from France. The town atrophic and depressed tissue states, is said of Niort in western France specializes in the to bring “nutrition to all parts of the body, to art of candying.3 The plant is also a common stimulate fluid movement in the possibly dried ingredient to flavor gin and vermouth. out joints, to rebuild fatty deposits insulating the nerves, and to improve circulation to the Before the rise of Christianity, angelica was hands, feet, and uterus.”8 used in pagan cultures to ward off illness and witchcraft. A European myth suggests that an It is believed to calm both the sympathetic angel advised a monk via a dream to use the and parasympathetic sides of the autonomic herb to help prevent the spread of the bubonic nervous system as well as support circulation plague.8 to the stomach and periphery. It may be

 34 Return to Top Heavenly Angelica! continued

When Europeans arrived in North America, they discovered Native Americans using American angelica to treat respiratory ailments in the same way they used the European variety.8

Historically angelica was used as a fomentation for “tumefactions and swellings” and the essential oil was combined with camphor for rheumatic conditions.13

Angelica may also support the uterus to ease pelvic stagnation and where there Angelica (Angelica archangelica) is excessive bleeding, cramping, cysts, or 14 particularly suitable for those who exhibit an amenorrhea. The seed in particular supports asthenic nature – marked by nervousness, the genitourinary system as a diuretic and has deficiency, and poor nutrient absorption.8 both bacteriostatic and fungistatic properties that may prove useful in cases of cystitis.3 Herbalist Matthew Wood refers to the hairy, weighty, brown angelica roots as Key Constituents of Angelica “bear medicine,” calling on the signature of archangelica doctrines. And bears do in fact eat the roots In addition to sugars, plant acids, flavonoids, after hibernation to build mass. and sterols, Angelica archangelica is Angelica archangelica can act on the adrenals rich in volatile oils, with the highest to increase blood glucose levels, which may concentrations found in the seeds. Aromatic make it unsuitable for individuals with or volatile compounds include: Alpha and diabetes or metabolic syndrome.12 beta-phellandrene, alpha-pinene, alpha- thujene, limonene, beta-caryophellene, Angelica is commonly used in helping coughs, linalool, borneol, acetaldehyde; macrocyclic bronchitis, and respiratory ailments caused lactones; phthalates (hexamethylphthalate); by cold or flu. Angelica (particularly the furanocoumarin glycosides (angelicin, seed) tends to move blood and heat outward, umbelliferone, psoralen, bergapten, and inducing a rise in body temperature, sweating, imperatorin.9 and fever.10 Although I have not been able to locate a Gas Angelica is also employed as an antispasmodic Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and anti-inflammatory and can be used for analysis of Angelica archangelica one would asthmatic issues. The leaf or root powder expect constituents such as monoterpenols, can be used as a compress, poultice, or sesquiterpenols, ketones, aldehydes, esters and fomentation for congestive infection or any of the more water-soluble components to inflammation.3,9,10 be present.

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The essential oil from the root contains largely monoterpenes such as α-pinene, δ-3-carene, α-phellandrene and β-phellandrene, limonene (d), and β-myrcene. The essential oil contains very small amounts of esters, monoterpenols, and other aromatics.

The essential oil is often used to manage

pain and inflammation, to ease muscles digestive system, although the essential oil Angelica ( Angelica archangelica ) 15 spasms, and for its anti-microbial properties. seems to be more effective in this aspect. Angelica archangelica is also used to support Energetically Angelica archangelica is said the respiratory and immune systems and is to “bridge heaven and earth” connecting the thought to be grounding and strengthening. seventh chakra to the first. Both the essential Energetically the essential oil is thought oil and the hydrosol exhibit an extraordinary to help unlock inner strength and support energy field; thus, intention of use becomes a determined effort. contributing factor for vibrational healing.15

The Properties and Benefits ofAngelica Based on the chemistry of the root itself, as archangelica Root Hydrosol well as its energetic properties, one might expect the hydrosol to gently support the lungs Angelica root hydrosol is described as having and respiratory system, to soothe aches, and an aroma of “dirty socks…followed by the dry, offer gentle anti-microbial protection. It will sweet, green, herbaceous scent of the plant be interesting to continue to explore both and oil.” The taste is said to be lovely, slightly the therapeutic and energetic aspects of this fruity, strongly earthy with a hint of green hydrosol. floral notes.15 Catty suggest adding 5 mL (1 tsp.) of angelica Perhaps because I’m a runner, or because hydrosol to a glass of water and sipping slowly the hydrosol I have from Oshandi is simply to reduce mental chatter and overthinking. beautiful, I don’t think of dirty socks when I smell it. To me it has a pleasant, green, earthy, Aromatic Tinctures herbaceous, aroma, with a slight hint of anise. Catty also mentions the benefits of using The hydrosol is believed to have a shelf life of Angelica archangelica (and other hydrosols) twelve months or longer and a pH of 3.8. Its in “aromatic tinctures.” Tinctures are created properties and application according to Catty by soaking herbs in alcohol, glycerin, or are experimental, but grounding, sedative, and vinegar. “Aromatic tinctures” involve using calming. The hydrosol may be useful to calm traditional herbal tinctures combined with the nerves and reduce feelings of stress, and hydrosol. Catty describes the combination of useful for anxious or high stress states.15 the two as “magic.”

The hydrosol may be useful in warming the Catty suggests two methods for making an system, increasing appetite, and toning the aromatic tincture: Create an undiluted alcohol

 36 Return to Top Heavenly Angelica! continued

Heavenly Sleep Support Spray Grounding and Protective Spray

Angelica root hydrosol is calming, grounding, and This spray combines the protective qualities of strengthening, perfect for supporting sound sleep. It angelica, juniper berry, and sage to create a also offers respiratory and immune support. Spritz beautiful blend to clear the air of unwanted germs. on pillows, in the air, or on the skin for relaxation You will need a clean 2-oz. to 4-oz. glass spray or sleep support. bottle. You will need a clean 2-oz. to 4-oz. glass spray Hydrosols: bottle. 30 mL angelica root (Angelica archangelica) Hydrosols: 30 mL white sage (Salvia apiana) 30 mL angelica root (Angelica archangelica) Essential Oils: 30 mL blood orange (Citrus sinensis) 2 - 4 drops juniper berry (Juniperus communis) Essential Oils: 5 - 8 drops lemon (Citrus × limon) 3 - 8 drops lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) 5 - 8 drops lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) 3 - 8 drops mandarin (Citrus reticulata) Other: 3 - 8 drops sustainably harvested frankincense 20 – 40 drops Solubol (emulsifier) (Boswellia carterii)

Other: Instructions for Making: Add the essential oils 20 – 40 drops Solubol (emulsifier) and the Solubol to the glass bottle. Mix gently to combine. Add the hydrosols, cap the bottle, and mix gently to combine. Instructions for Making: Add the essential oils and the Solubol to the glass bottle. Mix gently to Directions for Use: Shake and use as a room combine. Add the hydrosols, cap the bottle, and spray to clear the air of unwanted germs, to mix gently to combine. support focus, and to cleanse and protect a space. It can also be used to gently clean a surface or as Directions for Use: Shake gently and spritz a a refreshing spritz for the hands. Spray twice for couple of times onto pillows, in the air, or on the most applications. skin before bedtime, or upon waking too early to support sleep. Cautions: Use within two weeks of making it. Avoid spraying directly into eyes. For adult use Cautions: Use within two weeks of making it. only. Angelica is generally regarded as safe, but Avoid spraying directly into eyes. For adult use the herb should be avoided during pregnancy and only. Angelica is generally regarded as safe, but in cases of heavy menstrual bleeding. Large doses the herb should be avoided during pregnancy and of the herb may irritate the kidneys and stomach. in cases of heavy menstrual bleeding. Large doses The herb may interact with anticoagulant drugs due of the herb may irritate the kidneys and stomach. to coumarin content. The herb may also increase The herb may interact with anticoagulant drugs due blood sugar levels. The essential oil can be high to coumarin content. The herb may also increase in furocoumarins and induce photosensitivity blood sugar levels. The essential oil can be high reactions. These compounds are NOT likely to be in in furaocoumarins and induce photosensitivity the hydrosol. White sage (Salvia apiana) hydrosol is reactions. These compounds are NOT likely to be contraindicated for those with high blood pressure in the hydrosol. and should be avoided during pregnancy.

37  Return to Top Heavenly Angelica! continued

by covering plant material with high proof* 6. Missouri Botanical Garden website, Angelica archangelica, accessed January 25th 2020 from: https://www. alcohol and let it sit for two to six weeks. When missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?ta the tincture is ready (and the plant material xonid=276039&isprofile=0& 7. Wood, M. (2008). The earthwise herbal: A complete guide to old has been strained), use the hydrosol to dilute world medicinal plants. Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books. the tincture to 60%. The second method is to 8. Bhat, Z. A., Kumar, D., and Shah, M. Y. (2011). Angelica archangelica Linn. is an angel on earth for the treatment of diseases. dilute your alcohol (often described as ethanol) International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological down to 60% (120 proof) by adding the Diseases 1, pp. 36-50. Accessed January 25, 2020 from: http://www. ijnpnd.com/article.asp?issn=2231-0738;year=2011;volume=1;issue=1; hydrosol then creating the tincture. spage=36;epage=50;aulast=Bhat 9. Hoffman, D.Medical Herbalism: Vermont, Healing Arts Press, p. Catty suggests combining astragalus 561. (Astragalus propinquus) tincture with 10. Mills, S., and Bone, K. (2013). Principles and Practice of angelica hydrosol. Such a mixture likely offers Phytotherapy. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. 11. McDonald, J. (2009). “Blessed Bitters,” in Llewellyn’s 2010 immune, respiratory, and digestive support Herbal Almanac. Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Publications. with calming and grounding attributes. 12. Grieve, M. (1971). The Modern Herbal, Vol 1. New York, NY: Dover Publications. With its divine name, like a guardian angel, 13. Felter, J. W. and Lloyd, J. U. (1898). King’s American heavenly Angelica archangelica root hydrosol, Dispensatory, 18th ed. 3rd rev. Cincinnati, OH: Ohio Valley Co. 14. Wood, M. (2008). The Earthwise Herbal: A complete guide to old essential oil, and herb can support the body world medicinal plants. Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books. and spirit, help unlock inner strength, and 15. Catty, S. (2001), Hydrosols: The Next Aromatherapy, Vermont, foster a sense of hope and protection. As an Healing Arts Press. aromatherapist, use the hydrosol, research About Tricia Ambroziak: it, and experiment with it. It will be useful to Patricia (Tricia) Ambroziak is a certified share what we learn and continue to unlock its aromatherapist, writer, educator, biologist, rich history. and tutor, as well as a wife of 26 years and *Editor’s Note: High proof alcohol is usually mom of two amazing teens. She enjoys 190 proof, although it is possible to purchase exploring the wonder and power of plants, 200 proof alcohol for industrial purposes. herbs, hydrosols, and essential oils and their role in supporting wellness. She is the owner References: of Aromatherapy by Tricia Ambroziak and 1.Otherworld Apothecary website, On Angelica, accessed January formulator and aromatherapist at Be Kekoa 25th 2020 from: https://www.otherworld-apothecary.com/ Apothecary. Tricia has also worked as an blog/2016/07/on-angelica/ educator at Elon University, Drew College 2. Culpeper, N. (MDCCL) The Complete Herbal, accessed January 25th 2020 from: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/49513/49513- Preparatory High School and Great Oak High h/49513-h.htm School and as a researcher at the University 3. Kew Science Plants of the World website, Angelica archangelica, of Pittsburgh, The Gladstone Institute, and accessed January 25th 2020 from: http://powo.science.kew.org/ taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:837560-1#source-KSP Genentech. She is also a former martial arts

4. The Herbarium website, Angelica, accessed January 25th 2020 instructor and a 3rd degree black belt in Tae- (member access only): https://herbarium.theherbalacademy.com/ Kwon-Do, college basketball player, and enjoys monographs/#/monograph/4072 staying active running and working out. To 5. U.S. National Plant Germplasm System website, Angelica archangelica L. accessed January 25th 2020 from: https://npgsweb. learn more about Tricia visit her website at: ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=3415 www.aromatherapybytriciaambroziak.com

 38 Return to Top Tricia Ambroziak B.S. biological science, M.A.T. science education. Certified aromatherapist with training in aromatic medicine and strong science background www.aromatherapybytriciaambroziak.com

[email protected]

 40 Return to Top Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)

Fennel: A Versatile Powerhouse of Nutrition

By Marie Olson, RWP, NTP, CA

ennel is an interesting and versatile plant. possesses. The stalks can be used for soups, FIt has several uses culinarily, and also stocks, and stews. The seeds are used in many provides benefits herbally and aromatically. cultures for flavoring different dishes. They can even be used in toothpaste! The seeds Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a perennial are actually the dried fruits of the plant and herb that is highly aromatic. It has been are one of the common ingredients found in described as having the flavor of black licorice, sausage making.1,2 or anise (Pimpinella anisum), but many find it to be much milder, which makes it suitable Fennel Vitamins and Minerals for a variety of applications. There are three Fennel is high in fiber, low in calories, different plant parts that are used in cooking: and contains Vitamins B3 (Niacin), B5 The seeds, the stalk/bulb, and the fronds. (Pantothenic Acid) B9 (Folate) and C, along Edible Parts of Fennel with the minerals calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, The fronds resemble dill (Anethum phosphorus, and potassium. It’s considered graveolens) in both appearance and flavor. an excellent source of Vitamin C, and is a That makes sense, since both fennel and very good source of dietary fiber. The seeds dill are from the Apiaceae family, which are a rich source of protein. It is high in includes celery (Apium graveolens), parsley antioxidants, and possesses anti-inflammatory (Petroselinum sativum), and coriander properties. Fennel has many benefits for one’s (Coriandrum sativum). It is also a relative of health and it is an easy addition to meals that anise (Pimpinella anisum), which it resembles can be used in a variety of ways. Additionally, both physically and aromatically. The fronds fennel is also a great choice for those with are often used as a garnish, and can be eaten digestive discomfort; it helps to alleviate raw. The bulb can be cooked or eaten raw, indigestion. Its oil (taken from the seeds) and and it is delicious sautéed, used in stews, or extracts have been shown to be antifungal eaten raw in salads, adding an additional layer and antibacterial in animal studies, though of flavor with the mild taste of anise that it additional research is needed for humans.2

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crunch! My favorite recipe using it cooked, hands down, is Tuscan White Bean and Sausage Stew.

Tuscan White Bean and Sausage Stew

(Adapted from 29 Minutes to Dinner, Volume 1 from The Pampered Chef)

Ingredients: 1-pound mild Italian Sausage 2-3 medium carrots, peeled 1 medium bulb fresh fennel, bulb and stalks 1 (14.5-oz.) can diced tomatoes, undrained 2 cups of chicken broth (vegetable broth may be Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) used in place of chicken broth for vegetarian option) 4 cloves of garlic, minced or pressed How to Select and Store Fennel 2 (15-oz.) cans cannellini beans (white kidney Fennel is typically available year-round, with beans), drained and rinsed peak season being autumn through early Fresh basil, to taste spring. It is best stored in the refrigerator to maintain freshness. It will last about four days Instructions for Making: In a stock pot or Dutch refrigerated and is best stored before washing; oven, brown sausage until golden brown, stirring wash just before using it. It is best to select occasionally. Chop carrots in half lengthwise, then fennel by looking at the bulb: Is it clean? Firm crosswise. Rough chop fennel bulb and stalks so it to the touch/solid? There should be no signs is a similar size to the carrots. Add to pot and cook for 3-5 minutes, or until they become fragrant. Add of splitting, bruising or spotting on the bulb. garlic and cook until it starts to sizzle and “speak.” It should be white or pale green in color. The Stir in tomatoes and broth. Drain and rinse beans stalks should be relatively straight, firm and and add to pot. Bring to a boil, reduce to a simmer. close to the bulb, without spreading too much. Simmer, uncovered, for about 10-12 minutes until The stalks and fronds should be green, and it vegetables are tender. While stew simmers, ribbon cut basil (roll several leaves together and cut cross- should smell fragrant, like anise or licorice. If wise). Remove dish from heat, add stew to bowls, you notice flowering buds, this may mean it and garnish with basil to taste. Serve immediately. is past its maturity. Dried fennel seeds can be stored in an airtight container in a cool place References for up to 6 months.2 1. “Fennel.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, accessed 15 Jan. 2020 from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennel. One of my favorite ways to use fennel raw is 2. “Fennel.” The World’s Healthiest Foods: The Force for Change to Optimal with Health-Promoting Foods and Nutrient-Rich Cooking, by in a salad. It provides a fabulous flavor and George Mateljan, George Mateljan Foundation, 2015, pp. 288–293.

 42 Return to Top Fennel continued

About Marie Olson: at the Culinary Institute of Virginia, where she discovered that teaching was a passion After several years of working as a Special of hers! Additionally, in her private practice, Investigator, Marie went back to school to she combined her investigation skills with her become a Functional Nutritional Therapy nutrition and teaching passions, and helped Practitioner (FNTP). She always had an people get to the root cause of their digestive interest in natural medicine, holistic health, and health issues. She became the first and how things work, and felt called to learn Certified Aromatherapist in Guam in 2018. more about foundational holistic nutrition. A She currently teaches aromatherapy classes friend of hers introduced her to essential oils and works in private practice as an FNTP while she was studying to be an FNTP. She and Certified Professional Aromatherapist. took her first aromatherapy class in 2015 with Essential oils are a perfect complement to Aromahead Institute School of Essential Oil her nutrition practice, and she loves custom Studies. making products to serve her clients’ needs! Marie is the NAHA regional director for After completing FNTP training, she opened a Hawaii and Guam. Learn more about Marie at: private practice and taught Culinary Nutrition www.NutriSimplicity.com

 48 Return to Top

Borage Oil (Borago officinalis L.)

By Dawn Shipley Rodriguez Registered Aromatherapist

ike the small blue flowers of the plant it is in Canada, England, New Zealand and Lderived from, borage (Borago officinalis China by means of cold pressing the seeds.5 L.) seed oil is a beautiful yet delicate oil. You The output is a golden yellow or pale green probably know of it already, due to its boast of astringent oil with a dry feel6 and a light scent being the richest source of gamma-linolenic that is slightly strange - “sharp and kind acid (GLA) of all the available oils; yet it also of like wet dog,”7 as so aptly described by is known for its ability to bring happiness, Madeleine Kerkhof, author and palliative care cheer and comfort. As such, it was named educator. Luckily the scent is easily masked at euphrosinum by Pliny, and is even a favorite recommended dilutions. of the bees, hence the nickname beesbread.1 Chemical Make-Up However, where the name “borage” actually comes from is speculated either to be from the Borage (Borago officinalis L.) contains the Latin words cor and ago meaning “heart” and highest concentration of gamma linolenic acid “I stimulate” respectively,2 or possibly from (GLA) of all the available oils, with ranges the Latin burra meaning “hairy garment,” cited in different sources from 16%8 to 30%.9 which nicely describes the leaves.3 Either way, GLA is a precursor to dihomogammalinolenic it is a plant that lives up to both namesake acid (DGLA) and the physiological series derivatives, and is one to love for so many 1 of prostaglandins (PG1), which do not reasons. create an inflammatory effect like series 2 of prostaglandins (PG2) produced from The short and easily distinguishable arachidonic acid. In fact, when PG1 series borage (Borago officinalis L.) plant of the is produced instead of PG2, it may play Boraginaceae family grows to about two feet a part in the efficacy of using GLA in tall, has hairy grayish green stems and leaves, inflammatory skin conditions.10 The with blue star shaped flowers, with touches effect is significantly anti-allergic and of pink. It’s a gorgeous little herbaceous anti-inflammatory.11 As you may annual plant thought to expect, GLA is soothing be native to Syria, to the skin,12 great for though it is now treating skin conditions, widely grown.4 as well as re-establishing The oil is and maintaining normal produced mainly Borage (Borago officinalis L.) skin function.13

49  Return to Top Borage Oil continued

Fatty Acid Profile Borage (Borago officinalis L.) • Gamma linolenic acid (GLA): 16-30% • Linoleic acid: 35-40% • Oleic acid: 15-20% • Palmitic acid: 9-12% • Stearic acid: 3-5% • Eicosenoic acid: 3-5% • Erucic acid: 2-3% • Nervonic acid: 1-2%.14

Unsaponifiables of borage (Borago officinalis L.) seed oil measure in around 1-2% of the content of the oil,15 and add more nourishing value to the already impressive fatty acid profile. The phenolic content is similar to that of walnut (Juglans regia) oil and evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.) oil, around 581 mg/kg,16 and includes ferulic acid, an antioxidant more effective than vitamin E (tocopherol), that contributes to the protecting Therapeutic Properties of and damage-soothing properties of the oil, and Borage Seed Oil ellagic acid which is involved in supporting Borage (Borago officinalis L.) seed oil has 17 and maintaining collagen. a varying past in its traditional uses. As expected, it was used in poultices and such The oil’s content of tocopherol, which protects for anti-inflammatory applications in the against free radicals and may also have an anti- Middle Ages. More unexpectedly, it was used inflammatory effect on the skin,18 is impressive at that time as medicine ensuring good quality at 1603 mg/kg, with δ-Tocopherol contributing of blood. The flowering tops have been used over 89% of overall tocopherol content. This in teas for diuretic, sudorific, and emollient is significantly higher than similar oils tested, purposes; the leaves and seeds to promote such as evening primrose oil which contains the milk supply in nursing mothers. And, as total tocopherols at around 662 mg/kg. On the previously mentioned, it was well known for its other hand, the sterol content of borage oil was ability to bring cheer and cure depression.21 significantly lower compared to the similar oils tested, at 197 mg/kg, with β-stigmasterol being Borage (Borago officinalis L.) seed oil can the most prominent at 56 mg/kg, whereas greatly benefit the skin and GLA levels as evening primrose oil had 857 mg/kg in total.19 they diminish with age with both internal and Last but not least, tannins are also present, external application. Internally it has been which create a dry feel on the skin and aid in used to prevent wrinkles, counteract stretch calming redness and minimizing pore size.20 marks, and strengthen nails.22 It can aid with

 50 Return to Top Borage Oil continued

Borage (Borago officinalis L.) Topical Benefits to the Skin • Highly soothing to the skin • Helps maintain skin’s elasticity/collagen • Emollient production • Softening • Prevents wrinkles and fights premature • Antioxidant aging • Anti-inflammatory • Stimulates cellular activity • Moisturizing25 • Protects and soothes skin damaged from • Thought to also reduce itching sun/weather • Repairs skin - good for after sun • Calms redness formulations26 • Minimizes pore size27 • Regenerates and firms up skin • Used for eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis28 • Rejuvenates the skin’s barrier function reducing inflammation and pain in soft • Decreases transdermal water loss tissues and joints.29

relief of asthma symptoms, gastrointestinal Usage, Shelf Life, and Cautions for Use spasms, neuropathy, and metabolic syndrome Topically, it is suggested to use at 5-10% in an 23 associated with diabetes. Also it is said to oil blend for regeneration of the skin,35 and as be able to reduce cholesterol deposits when 10-30% of the carrier oils in a formulation.36 used internally with evening primrose oil It can be used with oily skin, as it’s a dry 24 (Oenothera biennis L.). astringent oil,37 though it is recommended for Latest research is promising, showing that dry, sensitive, or inflamed skin. It is also great 38 borage (Borago officinalis L.) seed oil may for after-sun formulations. also have benefits for preventing congestive Borage (Borago officinalis L.) seed oil has no heart failure30 and treating/preventing obesity- known contraindications and is suggested as a related disorders.31 Studies also provide good alternative to nut and seed oils for people more evidence that the oil can potentially with allergies.39 One source suggests not to use help with inflammatory conditions such the oil in case of injured skin, as it penetrates as rheumatoid arthritis,32 as well as aid in damaged skin more quickly than normal skin 40 prevention and treatment of UVB-induced skin and may thus be irritating (though this has not been a problem for me). photo-damage.33 The oil is fragile with a short shelf life of six to One thing that really stood out to me was a eight months.41 It must be stored refrigerated, study on the protective effect of borage seed away from light and heat.42 Another alternative oil on DNA. It concludes that borage seed to the carrier oil is the CO2 extract which has oil “protects DNA by modulating oxidative a similar composition though it is much more genetic damage in D. melanogaster, increases stable with a two year shelf life (when properly the health span and exerts cytotoxic activity produced and with rosemary antioxidant towards promyelocytic HL60 cells.”34 added as a stabilizer at 0.1%).43

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After Sun Serum Gentle Mask for Problem Skin

Carrier Oils: Ingredients: 0.1-oz. borage (Borago officinalis L.) seed oil 0.5-oz. kaolin clay (preferably use CO2 extract for longer shelf life) 0.5-oz. witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) 0.9-oz. sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seed oil hydrosol (or distilled water) Essential Oils: 0.25-oz. borage (Borago officinalis L.) seed oil 4 drops lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Essential Oils: 2 drops helichrysum (Helichrysum italicum) 4 drops lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) 3 drops German chamomile (Matricaria recutita) 3 drops tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) CO2 extract (or essential oil) 2 drops petitgrain (Citrus aurantium var. amara (fol)) Directions for Making: If using German chamomile CO2 extract, warm up the extract until just fluid. Mix all of the ingredients together thoroughly (the Directions for Making: Add essential oils to blend may need to be heated slightly, too). Add borage oil. Put clay in small bowl, add hydrosol and to a 1-oz. spray bottle and affix the top. Store the oil blend. Stir until smooth. blend in a cool, dry place. Instructions for Use: Apply a dime-sized Instructions for Use: Spray a dime-sized amount amount to hands and gently massage over face, into your hand. Massage gently as needed to sun- avoiding eyes and lips. This blend is enough for exposed skin. two applications. Share or use within three to four Cautions: Avoid using with injured skin. days, storing in the refrigerator.

Note: I made this blend with sun exposure in mind, Cautions: Avoid using with injured skin. Possible but I enjoy using it for any skin condition. skin sensitivity.

References: 9. Sade, Danielle. The Aromatherapy Beauty Guide. Robert Rose, Inc, 2017. 1. Price, Len and Shirley. Carrier Oils for Aromatherapy and Massage. 4th Edition. Riverhead Publishing, 2008. (Paris, 2001) 10. Bensouilah, Janetta and Buck, Philippa. Aromadermatology: Aromatherapy in the treatment and care of common skin conditions. 2. Kerkhof, Madeleine. CO2 Extracts in Aromatherapy. Madeleine Radcliffe Publishing, 2006. Kerkhof, Wernhout (NL), 2018. 1st English Edition. 11. Kerkhof, Madeleine. CO2 Extracts in Aromatherapy. Madeleine 3. Price, Len and Shirley. Carrier Oils for Aromatherapy and Kerkhof, Wernhout (NL), 2018. 1st English Edition. Massage. 4th Edition. Riverhead Publishing, 2008. (Paris, 2001) 12. Sade, Danielle. The Aromatherapy Beauty Guide. Robert Rose, 4. Price, Len and Shirley. Carrier Oils for Aromatherapy and Inc, 2017. Massage. 4th Edition. Riverhead Publishing, 2008. (Paris, 2001) 13. Price, Len and Shirley. Carrier Oils for Aromatherapy and 5. Sade, Danielle. The Aromatherapy Beauty Guide. Robert Rose, Inc, Massage. 4th Edition. Riverhead Publishing, 2008. (Paris, 2001) 2017. 14. Parker, Susan M. Power of the Seed: Your guide to oils for health and beauty. 1st Edition. Susan M Parker, 2014. 6. Parker, Susan M. Power of the Seed: Your guide to oils for health and beauty. 1st Edition. Susan M Parker, 2014. 15. Parker, Susan M. Power of the Seed: Your guide to oils for health and beauty. 1st Edition. Susan M Parker, 2014. 7. Kerkhof, Madeleine. CO2 Extracts in Aromatherapy. Madeleine Kerkhof, Wernhout (NL), 2018. 1st English Edition. 16. Czaplicki, S., Ogrodowska, D., Derewiaka, D., Tanska, M. and Zadernowski, R. Bioactive compounds in unsaponifiable fraction of 8. Price, Len and Shirley. Carrier Oils for Aromatherapy and oils from unconventional sources. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 2011, 113, Massage. 4th Edition. Riverhead Publishing, 2008. (Paris, 2001) 1456–1464.

 52 Return to Top Borage Oil continued

17. Parker, Susan M. Power of the Seed: Your guide to oils for health gamma linolenic acid on DNA: in vivo and in vitro studies. PloS and beauty. 1st Edition. Susan M Parker, 2014. one, 8(2), e56986. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056986 18. Jill Seladi-Schulman, PhD, Debra Rose Wilson, PhD, MSN, RN, 35. Price, Len and Shirley. Carrier Oils for Aromatherapy and IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT. Tocopheryl Acetate: Does It Really Work? Massage. 4th Edition. Riverhead Publishing, 2008. (Paris, 2001) Accessed February 1, 2020 from: https://www.healthline.com/health/ 36. Sade, Danielle. The Aromatherapy Beauty Guide. Robert Rose, tocopheryl-acetate. Inc, 2017. 19. Czaplicki, S., Ogrodowska, D., Derewiaka, D., Tanska, M. and 37. Parker, Susan M. Power of the Seed: Your guide to oils for health Zadernowski, R. Bioactive compounds in unsaponifiable fraction of and beauty. 1st Edition. Susan M Parker, 2014. oils from unconventional sources. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 2011, 113, 1456–1464. 38. Sade, Danielle. The Aromatherapy Beauty Guide. Robert Rose, Inc, 2017. 20. Parker, Susan M. Power of the Seed: Your guide to oils for health and beauty. 1st Edition. Susan M Parker, 2014. 39. Bensouilah, Janetta and Buck, Philippa. Aromadermatology: Aromatherapy in the treatment and care of common skin conditions. 21. Price, Len and Shirley. Carrier Oils for Aromatherapy and Radcliffe Publishing, 2006. Massage. 4th Edition. Riverhead Publishing, 2008. (Paris, 2001) 40. Sade, Danielle. The Aromatherapy Beauty Guide. Robert Rose, 22. Price, Len and Shirley. Carrier Oils for Aromatherapy and Inc, 2017. Massage. 4th Edition. Riverhead Publishing, 2008. (Paris, 2001) 41. Sade, Danielle. The Aromatherapy Beauty Guide. Robert Rose, 23. Kerkhof, Madeleine. CO2 Extracts in Aromatherapy. Madeleine Inc, 2017. Kerkhof, Wernhout (NL), 2018. 1st English Edition. 42. Price, Len and Shirley. Carrier Oils for Aromatherapy and 24. Price, Len and Shirley. Carrier Oils for Aromatherapy and Massage. 4th Edition. Riverhead Publishing, 2008. (Paris, 2001) Massage. 4th Edition. Riverhead Publishing, 2008. (Paris, 2001) 43. Kerkof, Madeleine. CO2 Extracts in Aromatherapy. Madeleine 25. Kerkhof, Madeleine. CO2 Extracts in Aromatherapy. Madeleine Kerkhof, Wernhout (NL), 2018. 1st English Edition. Kerkhof, Wernhout (NL), 2018. 1st English Edition. 26. Sade, Danielle. The Aromatherapy Beauty Guide. Robert Rose, Inc, 2017. About Dawn Shipley Rodriguez: 27. Parker, Susan M. Power of the Seed: Your guide to oils for health and beauty. 1st Edition. Susan M Parker, 2014. Dawn Shipley Rodriguez graduated from the 28. Sade, Danielle. The Aromatherapy Beauty Guide. Robert Rose, Sedona Aromatics Linguistics of AromaticsTM Inc, 2017. Program, completing a 250-hour Certificate 29. Parker, Susan M. Power of the Seed: Your guide to oils for health and beauty. 1st Edition. Susan M Parker, 2014. in Professional Aromatherapy. She is a 30. Maldonado-Menetti, Julianne dos Santos, Vitor, Taise, Registered Aromatherapist (RA), House Edelmuth, Rodrigo Camargo Leão, Ferrante, Fernanda Amá, Souza, Pamella Ramona de Moraes, & Koike, Marcia Kiyomi. (2016). Aromatherapy Artist at Cote d’Azur Spa in Borage oil attenuates progression of cardiac remodeling in rats after myocardial infarction. Acta Cirurgica Brasileira, 31(3), 190- Pasadena, CA, and founder of Blue Dawn 197. Accessed February 2, 2020 from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/ Aromatherapy, which she created to promote S0102-865020160030000007. quality of life through aromatherapy based 31. Navarro-Herrera D, Aranaz P, Eder-Azanza L, Zabala M, Romo- Hualde A, Hurtado C, Calavia D, López-Yoldi M, Martínez natural skin care and wellness products. JA, González-Navarro CJ, Vizmanos JL. Borago officinalis seed oil (BSO), a natural source of omega-6 fatty acids, attenuates fat Dawn also hosts relaxation parties to educate accumulation by activating peroxisomal beta-oxidation both in C. others on the importance of self-care in our elegans and in diet-induced obese rats. Food Funct. 2018 Aug 15; 9(8):4340-4351. doi: 10.1039/c8fo00423d. Accessed February 2, 2020 daily lives, and at Cote d’Azur she offers a from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30043014. Custom Aromatherapy Experience, entailing 32. Jill JF Belch, Alexander Hill, Evening primrose oil and borage oil in rheumatologic conditions, The American Journal personalizing a blend to take home. She also of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 71, Issue 1, January 2000, Pages loves to create custom skin care products 352s–356s. Accessed from: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/71.1.352s 33. Seul A Seo, Bom Park, Eunson Hwang, Sang-Yong Park, Tae-Hoo for both retail and wholesale customers, and Yi. Borago officinalis L. attenuates UVB-induced skin photodamage loves to educate others on everything about via regulation of AP-1 and Nrf2/ARE pathway in normal human dermal fibroblasts and promotion of collagen synthesis in hairless aromatherapy, health and skin care. Dawn is mice. Experimental Gerontology, Volume 107, 2018, Pages 178-186, ISSN 0531-5565. Accessed February 2, 2020 from: http://www. also the NAHA Regional Director for Southern sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556517303716 California. For more information about Dawn, 34. Tasset-Cuevas, I., Fernández-Bedmar, Z., Lozano-Baena, M. visit her website at: D., Campos-Sánchez, J., de Haro-Bailón, A., Muñoz-Serrano, A., & Alonso-Moraga, A. (2013). Protective effect of borage seed oil and www.bluedawnaromatherapy.com

 54 Return to Top Calendula ( officinalis ) Herbal Salves for Aromatherapy By Anna Pageau, NAHA Certified Professional Aromatherapist®

hat is a salve? A salve as defined by • Almond (Amygdalus communis) oil is light Wdictionary.com is “a medicinal ointment and emollient. It is rich in vitamin E and other for healing or relieving wounds and sores.”1 compounds to soothe the skin. It also contains Many over-the-counter remedies are salves phytosterols which provide anti-inflammatory such as Neosporin®. Lip balms are also a properties.2 form of salve, so a salve doesn’t have to be • Apricot Kernel (Prunus armeniaca) is medicinal, just nourishing to the skin. Salves like almond oil but lighter. It is a good choice in general are a simple formula with just a few for mature skin because it has nourishing and ingredients. They generally include an oil and revitalizing properties. It also contains phytos- a wax to create a semi-solid material. Today terol beta-sitosterol which is anti-inflammato- people use the terms “lotion bars” or “balms” ry in action. It soothes irritation and supports to also describe salves. the protective barrier of the skin.2 These oil-rich salves are used to nourish and • Avocado (Persea americana) oil has two protect skin. They lock moisture in, keeping varieties. One is extracted from the fruiting skin soft and smooth throughout the seasons. body that surrounds the seed. A less common Salves can be made as thick as a bar of soap. variety is pressed from the pit and is used A salve will remain in a solid state at room exclusively for skin care due to a reportedly temperature, only melting with body heat bitter taste.2 The oil is high in vitamins A, B when rubbed on the skin. Salves are gaining and E. An action of this oil “increases water popularity due to the possibility of being low or soluble collagen content in the middle layer of zero waste products. skin, the dermis.”2 This helps strengthen the Carrier Oils for Salves skin and reduce age spots and weakening of the skin.2 There are many carrier oils that can be used as a good base for salves. The following oils • Coconut (Cocos nucifera) oil has gained have benefits without infusing or adding more popularity over the years due to its high ingredients: content of medium-chain saturated fatty acid

55  Return to Top Herbal Salves continued

content known as lauric acid. When lauric Left-to-Right: Chickweed (Stellaria media), Comfrey (Symphytum spp.), Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), acid converts in the body to monolaurin it can Oregon Grape (Berberis aquifolium) destroy viruses and harmful bacteria. There are several types of coconut oil including Herbs for Oil Infusion “Coconut 76,” virgin coconut oil, and Some plants to consider using for oil infusion are: fractionated coconut oil. Make sure you know which variety you are purchasing. Some people • Chickweed (Stellaria media). Often mis- find coconut oil drying to the skin.2 taken as a weed, this herb is hardier than you would expect. It soothes dry, irritated or itchy • Olive (Olea europaea) oil is high in oleic skin when added in a salve. There are no safety acid which makes up about 70% of the oil precautions associated with the use of this plant. content. The acid assists in the breathing process and sebum production of the skin. • Comfrey Root (Symphytum spp.) is a This and other properties in the oil assist in the powerful herb that can be used to support wound healing. There is some debate about repair of damaged dry skin.2 potentially toxic alkaloids when using comfrey, The variety of carrier oils is endless. These are but most sources I have researched state that it just a few which are beneficial to include when is safe for external use. making salves. • Goldenseal Root (Hydrastis canadensis) Herb-infused Oils for Salves has antibiotic properties. However, this herb has been overharvested and its current status If you are looking to increase the healing or is endangered in the wild.4 Make sure you soothing properties of your salve, consider harvest from ethical sources. making an herb-infused oil. You can utilize all the above carrier oils; you just need to consider • Oregon Grape Root (Berberis aquifolium) the shelf-life of the oil and how you will create has been shown to have antimicrobial the infusion. The most common oils used for properties.5 infusing are olive oil or a fractionated coconut Beeswax for Herbal Salves oil due to their long shelf life and higher heat tolerance. You will first want to wilt or use The second main ingredient of any salve is dried herbs because moisture can promote generally beeswax (Cera alba). The bees mold growth or cause the oil to go rancid. create this wax when making honeycombs. To

 56 Return to Top Herbal Salves continued obtain the wax the comb is removed from the hive and the honey extracted. The wax is then How to Infuse Herbs into an Oil boiled and filtered and cooled. It can then be Double Boiler Method used for cosmetics or in candle making. This method works particularly well for infusing roots. Always ensure you label and date your Vegan Alternatives for Beeswax infused oils. Some people prefer to use a vegan alternative 1. Place your chopped herbs of choice into a pan. for beeswax. One option is carnauba wax 2. Cover the herbs with up to two inches of your chosen carrier oil. (Copernicia prunifera). The wax is derived from a coating on the leaves that protects 3. Place the pan inside of another pan with water, resting just above the water to allow the steam them from dehydration in the local Brazilian to slowly heat up the herbs and oil. climate. This wax can be sustainably harvested 4. Slowly simmer the herbs and oil for 30 to 60 from mature trees.6 minutes. 5. Check the oil frequently during the process. The Reasons to Use Herbal Salves oil will become herby in aroma when it is done. Salves provide you with a wide range of 6. When the oil is ready, strain out the herbs using options for use. They can be used daily with a a stainless-steel strainer and cheese cloth. blend of carrier oils which supports your goals Solar Infusion Method and objectives, such as skin care or pain. The For this method you will need a wide mouth canning herbal infusions add a beautiful gentle scent. jar and some sun! The gentle support of herbal salves can help to 1. Place your chopped herbs of choice into the jar. maintain healthy skin throughout any season. 2. Cover the herbs with your carrier oil of choice, I also find salves a gentle option that I can use leaving an inch over plant material. with my animal friends. The gentle nature of 3. Place the jar in a warm sunny spot for two most carrier oils means that they are safe even weeks. if a pet licks them. 4. After steeping, strain herbs with a stainless- steel strainer and cheese cloth.3 Carrier oils and herbal-infused oils are a gentle How to Make a Simple Salve option for everyday use. As mentioned, with plants such as comfrey root, some plants do 1. Melt 0.5-oz. of beeswax (Cera alba) on the stove using the double boiler method. have some safety precautions, so take some 2. Take the beeswax off the heat and combine it time to explore each plant. Many people are with one cup of carrier oil. aware of the precautions with essential oils, 3. Pour into appropriate size containers (with lids) but it is important to understand that the and label. chemical makeup of the plants themselves is 4. Leave to harden before using. different, depending on how the plant is used. You can adjust the amount of beeswax to create So, don’t assume the precaution for using different consistencies in the salve. More beeswax an infused oil is the same as for using the will create a harder salve whereas more carrier oil will create a softer salve. essential oil.

57  Return to Top Herbal Salves continued

For an acute situation, consider creating a stronger formula for your herbal salve by adding essential oils. This formula will generally be used for a short amount of time; for example, one to two weeks. Add the essential oils at the end of a salve making process. The heat required to melt the wax may alter the essential oil properties.

Take some time to test out different options to find your preferred blend. Since salves are solid, use different molds to create fun shapes and sizes. It is also fun to place some flower petals or herb leaves within the bar before it Cayenne Salve for Sore Muscles solidifies. My family has had success with this salve for sore muscles after a long day of gardening. References: 1. Dictionary.com online, Salve, accessed 1/9/2020 from: https:// Ingredients: www.dictionary.com/browse/salve ½ cup olive (Olea europaea) oil 2. Parker Susan M., 2014, Power of the Seed US: Process Media 2 TBSP. cayenne powder 3. Gladstar, R., 2012, Medicinal Herbs: A Beginner’s Guide, US: Storey Publishing 0.5-oz. beeswax (Cera alba) 4. United Plant Savers website, Goldenseal – Hydrastis canadensis, accessed 1/9/20 from: https://unitedplantsavers.org/ goldenseal-hydrastis-canadensis/ Directions for Making: Combine the olive oil and 5. Mountain Rose Herbs website, Herb infused oils, accessed cayenne powder and follow one of the methods in 1/16/2020 from: https://blog.mountainroseherbs.com/ this article to make an infused oil. Melt the beeswax making-herbal-oils on the stove using the double boiler method. Take 6. Cox, J., “Herbal Lotion Bars & Balms,” Herb Quarterly Winter 2019 the beeswax off the heat and combine it with half Page 25-28 cup of the infused oil. Pour into appropriate size containers (with lids) and label. Leave to harden About Anna Pageau: before using. Anna Pageau is a certified aromatherapist. Instructions for Using: Rub a dime-sized amount She completed her Level 2 certification with of the salve onto sore muscles once or twice a day. Test on a small area for sensitivity first. Avoid the Aromahead Institute in 2015 and took her rubbing your eyes or delicate parts of the body animal aromatherapy certification with Ashi after use. Aromatics in 2017. Over the last several years Anna has dedicated her time to working at a rescue farm, helping farm animals overcome She will be reaching out to local community physical and emotional abuse. The farm also programs to continue her work with animal hosts many children and adult programs where rescues and different programs. Anna is the Anna has taught about the benefits of plants NAHA Regional Director for Nevada. To learn and aromatherapy. At the end of 2019 Anna more about Anna, visit: relocated with her family to Northern Nevada. www.annasmusings.com

59  Return to Top NAHA.ORG/STORE

 60 Return to Top Safe Formulation of Essential Oils into Aromatherapy Products By Kayla Fioravanti

very aromatherapist knows how important dispersant because it will expose the con- Eit is to properly dilute essential oils for sumer to tiny particles of straight, undiluted topical use. But are you familiar with how to and undispersed essential oil droplets on the effectively emulsify and disperse essential skin. This kind of product puts consumers at a oils into various mediums? Properly diluted, higher risk of sensitization and injuries. dispersed, and emulsified essential oils decrease the risk of sensitization, irritation, A Case Study into Effective Dispersants inflammation and adverse skin reactions to A video created by Clinical Aromatherapist, essential oils. Shannon Becker, demonstrates German I receive constant emails from people who chamomile (Matricaria recutita) essential have injured themselves with essential oils oil being added to several ingredients that when they’ve followed bad advice. The most have historically been incorrectly believed common injury emails I receive are from using to be effective dispersants, and some that either undiluted or improperly dispersed are effective.2 In the video, Shannon Becker essential oils.

Dispersants

As we all know—oil and water do not mix. If you are adding essential oils to a water-based product, or if you are adding them to bath water, you need an effective dispersant or emulsifier. A dispersant is a substance that can maintain dispersed particles in suspension. Ingredients such as witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana), vinegar, and low-proof (15 – 20%) alcohols can temporarily disperse an essential oil, but they do not meet the true definition of a dispersant because none of them are able to maintain the essential oil in suspension. Even company-added directions “to shake the product before use” do not make for an effective

61  Return to Top Safe Formulation of Essential Oils continued

tested fractionated coconut oil (Cocos many recipes include just the use of essential nucifera), water, white vinegar, witch hazel oils and salts. Once added to the bath water, (Hamamelis virginiana), 80 proof vodka, the salt dissolves and the essential oils float 91% isopropyl alcohol and Everclear (a brand to the top of the water. A properly formulated name grain alcohol) with German chamomile bath salts recipe should contain a carrier oil so (Matricaria recutita) essential oil. It is a clear demonstration of why essential oils must be that the essential oils are not left to float alone. properly dispersed. A great diluent for bath products is turkey Probably the most common aromatherapy red castor oil because it is mostly water product on the market without proper emulsi- soluble and cleans up nicely in the tub; plus, it fiers and dispersants are bath products. So disperses the essential oil into the water.

Ingredients That Don’t Emulsify Effective Diluents for Holding Essential Oils into Products Essential Oils in Products

Aromatherapy recipes all over the Internet, An effective diluent is an ingredient that and even in some books, use ingredients can hold essential oils in solution without that will not disperse or emulsify essential separating out over time. There are oils into the product or bath water. Common several effective diluents including: ingredients in these recipes include: • Any carrier oil or butter • Ointment • Water • Milk • Lotion • Salve • Vinegar • Cornstarch • Cream • Balm • Witch hazel • Baking soda • At low percentages—surfactant-based • Vegetable glycerin • Salt or Epsom salts products like shampoo, shower gel, and • Vodka or other low proof alcohol. bubble bath.

 62 Return to Top Safe Formulation of Essential Oils continued

Solvents Reducing the Surface Tension of Water to Create an Emulsion Another way to ensure that essential oil can be applied safely to the skin is by using a solvent, The list of effective emulsifiers for essential which effectively suspends and/or dissolves oils is not very long. Emulsifiers that reduce essential oils into the solvent. the surface tension of the water to create an emulsion with essential oils include Polysor- Examples of solvents include any high proof bate 20, Polysorbate 80, and PEG-7 Glyceryl alcohol such as 91% isopropyl alcohol and Cocoate. For a natural water-based emulsi- Everclear, or other 190 proof alcohol such as fier you can use Solubol, which is a food grade organic grape alcohol and perfumer’s alcohol. emulsifier. A popular natural solution for However, a word of warning if you use alcohol adding essential oils safely to bath water is to in your product: You can’t add water, vinegar, use Natrasorb, which is a starch from tapioca or witch hazel to your finished product because that can carry the essential oils in little pockets this would change the proof of the alcohol and that dissolve on contact with water. This can the essential oils would float back to the top of be used alone or in a bath soak with salts and the product. There is also a saturation point for baking soda. What makes all of these products everything; that is, the saturation point beyond appealing to use with essential oils is that they which the essential oils can be suspended in are able to create an emulsion between water the solution. In general, if you follow safe dilu- and essential oils without the use of heat, thus tion rates for essential oils you won’t ever go dispersing the essential oils throughout wa- over the saturation level of an ingredient. I ter in a product. Emulsifiers used for lotions, highly suggest referring to Essential Oil Safety, creams, and serums typically require heat, but 2nd Edition, by Robert Tisserand and Rodney they do allow for a large quantity of carrier oils Young whenever you are formulating products.1 or butters to be emulsified with water. Water-Based Products Dilution Rates Essential oils can be effectively emulsified into These are the general guidelines for using the a water-based product. An emulsifier encour- emulsifiers and dispersants mentioned in this ages the suspension of essential oils into prod- article: ucts like body mist, toner, and products containing a high level of water. Do not assume • Polysorbate and PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate: that an essential oil will preserve a water- Generally, Polysorbate 20, Polysorbate 80, based product. In grade school my daughter and/or PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate are used in did her science project on whether using tea the ratio of 1:1, mixing the essential oil and tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) essential oil material together separately, before adding emulsified into water would be an effective the mixture at 1-5% into a water base. Some preservative. It was not—at all. In fact, the tea essential oils require extra emulsifiers to fully tree “preserved” toner failed for bacteria, yeast emulsify. Always test in a small batch. Some and mold. Preservation of products is a whole essential oils will create a clear emulsion and different topic for another article. others, like lavender (Lavandula angustifolia)

63  Return to Top Safe Formulation of Essential Oils continued

essential oil, will often create a cloudy formulate essential oils into aromatherapy emulsion. products.

• Solubol: Solubol is used in the ratio of 1:4. References: Add 1-part essential oil to 4-parts Solubol. Mix 1. Tisserand, Robert and Rodney Young, 2014, Essential Oil Safety, UK: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier the essential oil and Solubol separately before 2. Petrichor Apothecary LLC, Shannon Becker, PhD, Registered adding to water base. Aromatherapist, accessed from: https://www.facebook.com/ PetrichorApothecary/videos/1735176756737598/ • Natrasorb: Natrasorb is used in the ratio of About Kayla Fioravanti: 1:6. Measure 6-parts Natrasorb and add 1-part essential oils. Mix together thoroughly. This Kayla Fioravanti is the co-founder of mixture can be used directly in the bathtub or Ology Essentials and is an award-winning used to make bath bombs, bath soaks and/ or author, certified aromatherapist and cosmetic salts. formulator. She is the author of The Art, Science and Business of Aromatherapy and In Conclusion the co-author of the Amazon #1 New Release, So, it is from one aromatherapist to another The Unspoken Truth About Essential Oils. To that I encourage you to not only practice safe learn more about Kayla, visit her website at: topical use of essential oils, but to properly www.ologyessentials.com

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 64 Return to Top Creating meaningful and memorable scents

Create your own career path LEVEL 1 HOLISTIC AROMATHERAPY CERTIFICATION Provides a well-rounded foundation in ancient practices to current principles in integrating holistic aromatic Products & Services studies, blending and personal assessment for common health needs. Scent Events: Mobile DIY Custom LEVEL 2 Blending Bar & PROFESSIONAL AROMATHERAPY Workshops for CERTIFICATION Corporate Events & Comprehensive aromatic studies in various facets of Conventions professional aromatherapy topics facilitating integration of holistic health practices for various mind and body Online Custom health needs. Blending Bar: Create your signature LEVEL 3 CLINICAL AROMATHERAPY scent CERTIFICATION In-depth and comprehensive clinical phyto-aromatic training Public & Motivational to enhance and develop Speaking pro ciency with scentillect™ , scenterpretation™ and skills that utilizes complementary and integrative holistic health modalities.

JennScents.com 352.243.9627 [email protected] Follow our aromatic journey on Facebook, Instagram & Pinterest

65  Return to Top •Pure & Genuine Essential Oils •Aromatherapy Skin & Body Care •Herbal & Dietary Supplements •Custom Product Development •Private Label

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 66 Return to Top The Power of Aromatherapy Product Photography By Haleigh Fioravanti

id you know that the average attention evidence to show that more than half of online Dspan of a human is approximately eight shoppers shop based on product photography seconds? It’s not really hard to believe when rather than descriptions and reviews. You you realize we live in a world of constant could have the best product out there, with the stimulation from notifications, advertisements, best ingredients and the wittiest descriptions, and scrolling! This means you only have a but shoppers will still choose the company couple of seconds to catch someone’s eye. with better photos (frustrating, I know). In those few seconds, people judge the value The takeaway? Your image quality could of your business, and it will usually be based mean the difference between a sale and no sale on the quality of your images. There is even at all.

Five Basic Product Photography Needs and Tips

1. iPhone. The camera quality on the new backdrop options available at online retailer iPhone is superb (and on several other new Amazon that are very affordable. phones). This is really all you need unless you already have a nice camera. 4. Color and Lifestyle. While we love a clean white backdrop, especially for website pho- 2. Lighting. You can never go wrong with tos, white can get very boring. Spice it up natural lighting. Just place your products by with some color and texture, or better yet, a window, and you are ready to go! If you take photos of your products in living spac- want to get fancy, online retailers such as es. Lifestyle photos showcase products in Amazon have very affordable lighting kits. the “real world” and can inspire viewers to visualize using the product in their own lives. 3. White Backdrop. A basic white backdrop is an essential photography prop for any 5. Photo Editing Apps. Sometimes you product-based business because it provides need to brighten up a photo. You don’t a clean surface to showcase products. need fancy photography desktop tools A white backdrop can also be extremely and programs to do it. You can edit your versatile; get some flowers, herbs and sliced photos straight on your phone with apps like fruit, and you are set! There are hundreds of Lightroom, Snapseed and VSCO.

67  Return to Top Aromatherapy Product Photography continued

“A picture is worth a thousand words.”

This famous phrase is said to be coined by advertising executive, Frederick R. Barnard. In 1921, Barnard published an ad entitled, “One Look is Worth a Thousand Words,” and it stuck. But different versions of this saying can be traced all the way back to ancient Chinese philosophy and is popularly attributed to Chinese philosopher Confucius.

“Better to see something once than to hear about it a thousand times.” - Chinese Proverb

The above saying has stood the test of time for a reason, and we are all familiar with the saying for a reason - because it’s true. But are you With thousands of other aromatherapy living this philosophy in your business? These businesses out there, two sure ways to stand guys knew the power of imagery centuries out amongst your competitors is with 1) your before Instagram, Facebook and Pinterest, so branding and 2) your imagery. Excellent let’s take a hint and improve our photo game! product photography is all encompassing; it tells a story about you and your brand with About Haleigh Fioravanti: color, lighting, and lifestyle elements. You Haleigh is a true Nashville Native—a unicorn want customers to understand who you are as some would say. You can always find and feel inspired to support your brand upon Haleigh bouncing from passion to passion, that first impression. wholeheartedly diving into a subject and This might seem totally overwhelming. After then moving on to the next (a true Aries all, you probably already wear so many at heart). Her background is in cultural different hats in your aromatherapy business anthropology and filmmaking, but she’s also from therapist, to product maker, to sales found passion in health and sustainability. In manager, to bookkeeper; now you have to fact, her interest in hemp was originally for its be brand photographer, too?! I get it, but I sustainability promises, but CBD came on the promise you that with just a few tools you can scene, and she hasn’t looked back! Haleigh is a create product photos that represent your co-founder and Chief Marketing Officer (CMO) brand beautifully. at: www.ologyessentials.com

 68 Return to Top Aromatherapy Product Photography continued

Clockwise from top left: © Haleigh Fioravanti, © Kate Pulley, © Kate Pulley

69  Return to Top Ashi Aromatics Inc. Animal Aromatherapy Education u Aromatherapy x Flower Essences d Botanical Studies

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 70 Return to Top Your Body Needs…

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Essential oils and carrier oils Aromatherapy accessories and body products Workshops, classes and personal consultations

We specialize in custom face oils for skin care and blends for dealing with modern stresses.

YourBodyNeeds.com [email protected] 443- 292-4395

In business since 2008, Your Body Needs… has developed relationships with distillers and educators in the field all around the world. We are dedicated to quality of product and to our customers.

71  Return to Top Spring Recipes

Our spring issue features seed and root. We asked our directors to dig out their favorite recipes to share which featured seed and root as ingredients. They responded with great enthusiasm and we’d like to thank each director for their gift of sharing! Enjoy this diverse collection of recipes drawn from their amazing expertise.

Dream Manifesto Hand and Foot Oil: Plant Spring Seeds to Get Your Dreams to Root!

By Jennifer Pressimone, Vice President (Florida) sunflower oils. Mix well until all carriers are blended together. Add in the essential oils and mix well. Pour This blend makes 2-oz. (60 mL) of product. this blended mixture into a 60 mL glass bottle with Ingredients: a phenolic cap or pipette (dropper) top. Label. 20 mL castor (Ricinus communis) oil To Use: To help skin feel hydrated and moisturized 20 mL sunflower (Helianthus annuus) oil apply oil blend to hands, feet, elbows and knees one to two times daily. Mentally and emotionally, these 20 mL shea butter (Butyrospermum parkii) scents may help you to feel grounded and stable, Essential Oils: yet adaptable enough to deal with the day’s tasks. 6 drops cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) For best results, warm up the oil (bottle) before use 4 drops ginger (Zingiber officinale) by running it under warm water for 30-60 seconds. 4 drops carrot seed (Daucus carota) Cautions: Angelica root and Ammi visnaga essential oils are photosensitive. 3 drops coriander (Coriandrum sativum) 2 drops khella (Ammi visnaga) Jennifer’s Tips: Additionally, this formula can be applied to the chest and feet to enhance respiratory 2 drops angelica root (Angelica archangelica) and immune functions. It can help minimize skin discoloration and scarring, as well as calm digestive Directions for Making: Add 20 mL of shea butter upset when applied to the abdomen area. The seed in a glass mixing bowl. Stir well until the shea and root essential oils in this blend restore inner butter is soft and creamy. You can slightly warm the joy, mend a broken connection with your intuition, shea butter in the sun or in a toaster oven for 1-3 and help you to stay motivated to dream big and minutes (just until soft). Next, add in the castor and take the necessary action steps to get you there!

 72 Return to Top Spring Recipes continued

Cardamom Return of Light Roll-on Blend (Elettaria cardamomum)

By Tanja Sofia Krupa (Michigan)

You will need a 10 mL glass roll-on bottle to make this blend.

Ingredients: 10 mL grapeseed (Vitis vinifera) oil Essential Oils: 2 drops magnolia flower (Michelia × alba) 3 drops patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) Celebrate You! Cardamom Foot Scrub 3 drops vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) 4 drops cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) By Betty Torres (Northern California)

Ingredients: Directions for Making: Combine the grapeseed 1-oz. jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) oil with the essential oils in the glass roll-on bottle. or sweet almond (Prunus dulcis) oil Attach the roller ball fitting, cap, and label. Shake gently to combine. 1-oz. pink Himalayan, Epsom, or sea salt 1-oz. brown sugar To Use: Apply as needed to uplift, calm the mind, Essential Oils: and drop overthinking into the heart space. 2 drops of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) Cautions: If sensitivity occurs, discontinue use 2 drops of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) immediately. 2 drops of bergamot (Citrus bergamia) Tanja’s Tips: As winter flows into spring, our minds begin to energize with the promise of new Directions for Making: First mix together the beginnings ahead. This is a spicy, sweet, rooted carrier oil and essential oils in a suitable mixing blend for dropping into the heart space and bowl. Then add salts, followed by the brown sugar. grounding energies as excitement comes in with Mix thoroughly together. Add to a 4-oz. jar and cap. the new season. It’s uplifting when dark, cool nights To Use: Wet skin before use. Add a dime-sized haven’t quite shifted into season and cloudy days amount to hands and massage in a clockwise blanket more often with spring showers. direction over skin. Leave on for fifteen minutes and then wash off. Cautions: Cardamom essential oil contains 1,8 cineole and is not recommended for use with children. Do not use this scrub on your face. Make sure that the product is not applied directly before going out in the sun as bergamot essential oil is Submitted recipes are phototoxic. subject to change at Editors' discretion to meet Betty’s Tips: Substitute bergamot essential oil for NAHA safety guidelines. another citrus essential oil you like best!

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Spring Allergy Blend Spring Feel Better Blend

By Annette Davis, President (Idaho) By Rehne Burge, C.A. (Louisiana)

The following blend makes 0.5-oz. of product. This blend can be made to use in an aromatherapy diffuser or to apply topically. Essential Oils: Essential Oils: 180 drops lemon (Citrus x limon) 8 drops ginger (Zingiber officinale) 90 drops tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) 12 drops bergamot (Citrus bergamia) 90 drops lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) 10 drops black spruce (Picea mariana) 90 drops eucalyptus (Eucalyptus radiata or Eucalyptus globulus) Directions for Making: Combine essential oils in a graduated cylinder. Add to a glass bottle and cap. Label. Topically: Alternatively, combine the essential Directions for Making and Use: Combine all oil blend with 4-oz. of a skin-friendly carrier oil, such of the essential oils in a 0.5-oz. glass bottle and as jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis), or an unscented cap. There are various ways to use this blend: lotion. 1) Diffuse in an aromatherapy diffuser, referring to To Use: Diffuser: Diffuse the blend via an the manufacturer’s guidelines for directions on use. aromatherapy diffuser (refer to manufacturer’s 2) Drop 2-3 drops onto a tissue and inhale. 3) Drop guidelines for use). Topically: Add a dime-sized 2-3 drops into a bowl of steaming water, cover amount to hands and rub gently into skin, avoiding head with a towel, and inhale while closing eyes. the face and eyes. 4) Mix 5 drops into a teaspoon of natural bath gel Cautions: Phototoxic. Avoid applying before going or emulsifier and add to bath. 5) Dilute 10 drops out in sunlight. Possible skin sensitivity. Discontinue in 1-oz. of carrier (vegetable oil or lotion) and rub use if irritation occurs. onto chest and back. Rehne’s Tips: I truly love this “feel-better-all-over” Cautions: Avoid eye area and mucous membranes. blend. Ginger is the key here. Ginger essential oil Do not apply to or near the faces of infants and is used to treat anything from respiratory troubles, children. Not for use on children under two years of to digestive disorders such as flatulence, cramps age. Keep out of reach of children and pets. or loss of appetite, to travel sickness (this I have experienced myself) to vomiting and more. Both Annette’s Tips: This blend will help keep spring bergamot essential oil and black spruce essential allergies in check while purifying the air and oil add to ginger essential oil’s amazing properties, addressing respiratory complaints. and they complement ginger nicely.

 74 Return to Top Spring Recipes continued

Tummy-be-well Oil Spray Anti-age Night Cream

By Raghda Maksoud (Egypt International) By Cécile Ellert (New Hampshire)

You will need a 2-oz. spray bottle to make this blend. Ingredients: 50 mL sweet almond (Prunus dulcis) oil Ingredients: 1-oz. coconut (Cocos nucifera) oil Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) 1-oz. beeswax (Cera alba) Essential Oils: 8 mL vitamin E oil 6 drops dill weed (Anethum graveolens) 0.5-oz. shea butter (Butyrosperum parkii) 8 drops red mandarin (Citrus reticulata) Essential Oils: 7 drops peppermint (Mentha × piperita) 3 drops rock rose (Cistus ladanifer) 3 drops rose otto (Rosa × damascena) Directions for Making: Add the essential oils to 8 drops patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) the bottle and then fill the bottle with jojoba. Attach 10 drops spike lavender (Lavandula latifolia) spray fitting and shake well. Label.

To Use: Spray a dime-sized amount of the blend to Directions for Making: Using the double boiler your hand and massage gently over your abdominal method, melt the coconut oil, shea butter, and the area. beeswax on low heat. Once the ingredients have melted, transfer the mixture to a mixing bowl. Cautions: For adult use only. Avoid contact with Add the vitamin E and the sweet almond oil. Then, eyes and ears. If pregnant or nursing, consult your add the essential oils. Whisk the mixture until it is doctor before using. Store in cool and dark place. smooth. You may also lighten the texture of the blend with a tablespoon of aloe vera gel. Add this in Raghda’s Tips: Indulge your senses, while easing at the end and whisk everything together. Transfer a stomachache, with this amazing blend of oils. Dill the blend to a glass jar. Cap and label. weed essential oil is a great support for stomach and digestive issues. Its anti-inflammatory properties To Use: Apply a dime-sized amount of the blend help to reduce bloating. Red mandarin essential to your hand and massage gently over your face before bed, after you’ve washed your face. oil, the happy oil as I like to name it, is great for our digestive system as it promotes energy and Cautions: If sensitivity occurs, discontinue use. movement, detoxifying to our body, mind and soul. Cécile’s Tips: Have some rose hydrosol in a mist Peppermint essential oil is my favorite oil for aches spray on hand, in case your skin reacts. Simply mist and pains. Jojoba mimics the natural sebum and the rose hydrosol on the affected area and it will pH of the skin. help to lessen the reaction.

Click here to find a NAHA Director in your area.

Angelica (Angelica archangelica)

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THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF Digest Ease Oil PROFESSIONAL HOLISTIC AROMATHERAPY

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1-oz. sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil Available in print! 4 issues per year Essential Oils: www.ijpha.com 5 drops coriander (Coriandrum sativum) 4 drops black pepper (Piper nigrum) Fostering the education and practice of the professional holistic aromatherapist 3 drops cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) Woman’s Health Issues: Clinical Aromatherapy and Aromatic Medicine with Deby Atterby, Aromatic Medicine Practitioner & Clinical Aromatherapist Directions for Use: Combine the sesame oil with the essential oils in a 1-oz. glass bottle. Cap and July 24-26, 2020 — Longmont, Colorado

label. Learn about hormonal changes in a woman at various stages of life and treatment strategies, product formulation, vitamins and To Use: This 2% dilution blend is specific for adults herbs to assist in the complementary care of women’s health. as a topical application used 2-3 times day. Apply a dime-sized amount to hands and massage on Learn more at www.ijpha.com

the upper chest, abdomen, and on the mid-back Space is limited! Early bird ends 4/15/2020 to the sacrum. Cautions: This blend is not recommended for children under seven years of age or for use in the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF bath. clinical aromatherapy Shanti’s Tips: Secondary application as a nasal inhaler: For use as a nasal inhaler just drop equal Editor: Rhiannon Lewis parts of each essential oil onto an inhaler wick. Associate Editor: Gabriel Mojay Inhale as needed for digestive ease. A unique resource for enhancing clinical practice Written by practitioners for practitioners SHARE YOUR KNOWLEDGE NAHA’s Aromatherapy E-Journal is an educational publication devoted to furthering the knowledge, practice, and application of not only aromatherapy and essential oils but also herbs, flower Subscribe today! essences, nutrition and other aspects on holistic health and healing.

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 76 Return to Top NAHA Marketplace

AROMATHERAPY promoting your business. Reach thousands COMPANIES of consumers, aromatherapy enthusiasts and professionals. Advertising opportunities available. NAHA Members: Save 10% Amrita Aromatherapy Inc on your new business listing or banner Amrita is the only certified-organic aro- advertising purchase by mentioning NAHA. matherapy company in the U.S. Amrita Email for details. is run by therapists for therapists. NEW aromaweb.com certified-organic oils: Himalayan Cedar, Lemongrass, Citronella, East Indian San- dalwood, Vetiver and much more. Certified- Artisan Aromatics organic perfumes. All oils GC verified. Can Artisan Aromatics provides therapeutic supply any oil in a certified-organic version quality essential oils procured from smaller upon request. Now in its 23rd year, Amrita suppliers and artisan distillers worldwide. was founded by master aromatherapist Dr. We’ve been in the essential oil business Christoph Streicher. Full line of nebulizing since 1993 when we first began import- diffusers. 100% natural, chemical-free skin ing therapeutic quality essential oils for care. healthcare practitioners, clinics and hos- amrita.net pitals. Our aromatherapy quality essential oils are selected with the help of our aromatherapy consultant, Dr. Joie Power, in- Arlys Naturals ternationally known aromatherapy expert. ARLYS specializes in 100% pure essential We offer 150+ therapeutic quality essential oils, absolutes, synergies, hydrosols, car- oils, blends, rare organic enfleurage oils rier oils and more for the novice to the and more. NAHA members who register as professional. An “aromatic oasis” for the Practitioners receive up to a 30% discount. senses as you shop for professional grade Bulk, wholesale and private labeling is also natural skin and body care products, dif- available. fusers, herbal teas, books, soaps, music, www.artisanessentialoils.com perfumery, and supplies. All distinctive aromatherapy products to enhance your health and well-being. Sign up for our free Be Kind Botanicals online monthly newsletter. Online Catalog Shop for the highest quality and pure ar- Only, Retail/Wholesale tisan essential oils, hydrosols, carrier oils, ArlysNaturals.com and natural skincare from Be Kind Botan- icals-a company founded on kindness and integrity in everything we do. Integrity in AromaWeb GC testing EVERY essential oil we offer and AromaWeb provides over 450 pages of es- safe formulation of skincare by a clinically sential and carrier oil profiles, a vast aro- trained and Registered Aromatherapist. matherapy article library, recipes, book Get up to 15% off your orders if you are a reviews and directories of aromatherapy NAHA member. Email me an image of your retailers, wholesalers, educators and dis- Member Certificate to get your discount tillers. Over 3.5 million page views annu- code. ally. AromaWeb can play a powerful role in www.bkbotanicals.com

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Palo Santo Ecuadorian Hands Shaman Essential Oils We’re artisan distillers of Palo Santo (Bur- Springing from the Kalustyan Corp.’s 70- sera Graveolens) 100% pure essential plus years in the spices and herb market, oil, therapeutic grade. Elaborated without Shaman Essential Oils embraces local grow- harming the tree, PaloSanto is very useful ers and sustainability to bring premium for relaxing the mind and body as well as quality aromatic oils to the world. We offer purifying the bad energies. Incense, malas, a full line of essential oils, carrier oils, or- beads, soap also available. Bursera gra- ganic essential oils, unique custom blends, veolens, known in spanish as "Palo Santo" and more, all of it sourced from small, sus- (holy wood) is a tree that inhabits the coast tainable farms and our own overseas distil- of Ecuador. It has a high concentration of lation operations. We sell in bulk and also Limonene, a medicinal terpene known to offer private labels. We are a proud member of the NAHA, and hold Organic, Vegan, be a strong antioxidant, anti-inflammato- Non-GMO, and Kosher certifications. We’ve ry, antibacterial, anti-fungal and antiseptic traveled thousands of miles and devoted agent. hundreds of hours to offer only the best ecuadorianhands.com essential oils. From farm to bottle to you, many of our essential oils never leave our hands until they’re in your hands. Plant Therapy shamanoils.com Plant Therapy is the premier destination for essential oils, KidSafe blends, carrier oils, Time Laboratories hydrosols, USDA Certified Organic products, and more! At Plant Therapy we have Founded by Annemarie Buhler in 1973, always believed in exceptional quality, the Time Laboratories stands as a pioneer in the natural products industry. We incor- purest ingredients, and the desire to posi- porate only the highest quality research- tively impact as many people as humanly based essential oils, plant extracts, and possible. Ultimately, we feel this is pos- other raw materials into innovative formu- sible by providing our customers with an lations offered to our customers at com- exceptional experience that keeps them petitive prices. We offer a full line of: pure coming back. Plant Therapy's quality con- and genuine distiller direct essential oils, trol procedures are some of the strictest authentic aromatherapy products, natural in the industry. Each oil offered by Plant skin care products, bath & spa products, Therapy has gone through multiple rounds herbal supplements, capsules and tablets, of testing and has been approved by Rob- mother tinctures, gemmotherapy glycerin macerats. Choose from our extensive stock ert Tisserand and our team of Certified line, or allow us to custom formulate for Aromatherapists. Every bottle of oil that you. We look forward to hearing from you! you purchase from Plant Therapy will have 877-846-3522 a specific batch code that is linked to batch timelabs.com specific GC-MS reports which can be found on the product page. With free shipping and free returns, you can't go wrong with Your Body Needs… Plant Therapy! Your Body Needs…provides 100% pure es- www.planttherapy.com sential oils, carrier oils and aromatherapy

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accessories. The company also has its own 2 Advanced Clinical (200 hours). Continu- line of aromatherapy based body prod- ing Education approved by NCBTMB, and ucts such as body oils and muscle therapy available for Florida LMT’s. Teacher Train- cream. We provide aromatherapy classes ing courses are available to graduates who on a regular schedule and personal con- are interested in starting their own Aroma sultations specializing in custom face oils Hut School. Rebecca Park Totilo, in-house for skin care, and personal blends for apothecary formulator and instructor, is a stresses of daily living due to physical or best-selling author of over 40 books in- mental stress. In business since 2008, Your cluding, Organic Beauty With Essential Oil, Body Needs…has developed relationships Therapeutic Blending With Essential Oil and with distillers and educators in the field Heal With Oil. Rebecca has over twenty- all around the world. We are dedicated to five years of experience as an international quality of product and our customers. educator, specializing in the ancient biblical YourBodyNeeds.com healing arts. www.aromahut.com

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aromatherapy/flower essences. Approved Linguistics of AromaticsTM (NAHA approved by NAHA, H.A.A. & NCBTMB. Instructor: levels 1 and 2). She also works as a con- Kelly Holland Azzaro, RA, CCAP, CBFP, LMT sultant, custom blend formulator, and offers over 25 years professional animal a professional writer and editor. Sharon aromatherapy experience. PETA Approved works exclusively from her garden studio Cruelty-free Vegan products for people and and aromatic gardens on a one-acre home- their animal friends. stead in Sedona, Arizona, where she leads animalaromatherapy.com 2-day workshops in specialist subjects. www.sedonaaromatics.com Institute of Integrative Aromatherapy West Coast Institute of Institute of Integrative Aromatherapy: Aromatherapy The Certificate Program in Integrative Aro- Beverley Hawkins has taught aromatherapy matherapy offers a very comprehensive, courses through the West Coast Institute of clinical and holistic focused, correspond- Aromatherapy for over 20 years. Her in- ence course for health professionals and depth detailed information is presented in non-professionals. You will be person- a clear, fun and easy to understand way. ally mentored by author and Holistic Nurse Aromatherapy 101 (180 hours) is where Aromatherapist, Valerie Cooksley. The everyone starts. To become an Aromather- certification is fully endorsed by the AHNA, apy Professional one continues on to Aro- NCBTMB and NAHA (Level I and II). Con- matherapy 201 (445 hours). Graduates will tact hours available for Nurses and Mas- complete a 625 hour program. As a practi- sage therapists. Contact: Valerie Cooksley, tioner Beverley continues to hone her skills RN OCN, FAAIM. floramedica.com and gather hands on experience. It is the depth of this clinical experience, together JennScents Aromaversity with her drive to learn more, that makes her an incredible mentor and guide to her Level 1, 2 & 3 Aromatherapy Certification students. Programs designed to educate, empower westcoastaromatherapy.com and inspire comprehensive, professional and clinical level training with a multi- modal, experiential learning experience. NATURAL HEALTH CLINICS Author of Holistic Aromatherapy Com- prehensive Guide and Aromatherapy for Pets. JennScents provides a unique, cus- Be Hive of Healing tom blending olfactory experience at conventions and corporate events to make a Be Hive of Healing is about the manifesta- memorable impression. jennscents.com tion of a holistic vision of integrated healing. Integrative Medicine is a time-tested medical protocol that merges the practices Sedona Aromatics and philosophies of both conventional and The Garden School. With a decade of pro- alternative medicine to create a new para- fessional experience in the United States, digm for optimum health. Treatments are and a decade spent in the UK healthcare individualized to each patient’s condition, services, UK-certified aromatherapist and are developed to activate the body’s Sharon Falsetto tutors the comprehensive natural healing processes. Integrative med- home study aromatherapy program, The icine is a holistic approach to healing, and

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acknowledges the person as a whole being, 2005 in cooperation with Dr. Jean Bokel- rather than a collection of symptoms. mann and the Idaho State University Integrative Health Clinic. The Endobiogenic We attend to your health through a doctor- Concept® was developed by French medi- patient relationship founded on listening to cal doctors Christian Duraffourd and Jean your needs, empathizing with your pain, Claude Lapraz. Our Endobiogeny team uses and meeting your expectations. Our holistic this personalized approach to wellness to fo- healing methodology includes all aspects of cus on the cause of disease rather than just you—body, mind and spirit. Medical Team: symptoms. Based on modern physiology and Dr. Habib Sadeghi, Dr. Sherry Sami, Dr. endocrinology, Endobiogeny is an innovative Robert Gross. natural approach to wellness that identifies www.behiveofhealing.com the imbalances, unique to the human body, that are causing suffering. Endobiogeny Endobiogenic Integrative focuses on the root causes of disease, not just symptoms. Individualized Phyto-Aro- Medical Center (EIMC) matherapy treatments include essential oils, CHALLENGING HEALTH ISSUES? JUST DON’T herbs, supplements, diet & lifestyle changes. FEEL WELL? WE CAN HELP! We use inno- Location: Pocatello, Idaho. Face-to-face and vative techniques to treat a wide range remote appointments available. of conditions. Our clinic was founded in www.endobiogenic.com

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patchouli (Pogostemon cablin)

Disclaimer: NAHA and the NAHA Editorial Board cannot accept responsibility or liability for the information contained in the NAHA Aromatherapy Journal, E-Booklets or on the NAHA Website. The information is shared for educational purposes only and is not intended to diagnose or take the place of professional healthcare. The opinions expressed by the authors in this journal or NAHA’s e-booklets do not necessarily reflect the opinions of NAHA.

Please consult your health care practitioner if you are pregnant or have been diagnosed with any serious healthcare problems before using essential oils. Keep all aromatherapy products out of reach of children and pets. Before using essential oils and aromatherapy products please consult with a professional aromatherapist.

NAHA asks that all authors and contributors include information on safe use of essential oils and clearly define each essential oil’s common name and Latin binomial(s). NAHA has the right to accept or reject any articles, advertisements or content submitted. NAHA website is a resource-full area for information on Aromatherapy Safety, Applications and Uses. www.naha.org

 82 Return to Top IFPA Generic02 Qtr_IFPA Qtr Page Advert (Generic) 05/12/17

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