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Home , Agora, Ancient Agora of Athens, Benaki Museum, Metroon

The : History at the Heart of (ARCH 0425)

Instructor: Fotini Kondyli Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World 105 Rhode Island Hall E-mail: [email protected] Fall 2012 Mondays-Wednesdays-Fridays 1:00-1:50 pm/ Rhode Island Hall, room 108 Office Hours: Tuesdays 14:00-16:00 Course wiki address: http://proteus.brown.edu/agora2012/home

COURSE SYLLABUS AND READING ASSIGNMENTS:

Class description: The Agora of ancient Athens: the heart of Classical , the birthplace of , the place to see and been seen in antiquity. This “” featured shops, temples, and public spaces where people met, debated, watched games and spectacles, and voted on the most important political issues of the . The Agora was the playground of famous figures such as Perikles, , and . Although the apogee of the Agora is considered the Classical period, this course will consider the long life and the impact of this civic space, from Neolithic to modern times. Special attention will be given to its ongoing and often challenging archaeological heritage.

Highlights include:

• Everyday life in the Athenian Agora • The archaeology of democracy • Monumentality and political propaganda in the Athenian Agora • Religious geographies: from pagan to Christian • Urban archaeology • The archaeology of destruction • The Agora as a world heritage site

Course aim: The aim of the course is two-fold. On one hand, students will become familiarized with the history and archaeology of the Athenian Agora and will be introduced to the political and cultural processes that shaped the site. As such, the course will touch on topics of art and , public life, economy and trade, religion and burial customs, household activities, identity and memory. However, the course is also designed to introduce students to the methods and techniques of archaeology in the Classical world. Students have the opportunity to explore and debate interpretations of the Athenian past using the excavation results of the Agora.

Evaluation Scheme: Mid-term test 15% Monument presentations 15% Group discussion 10% Research project 30% Final examination 30%

• Exams: There will be two exams, a midterm and a final.

• Monument Presentation & Podcast: All students will be asked to prepare a ten minute presentation on one of the standing monuments of the Agora. In the second week students will be asked to select the monument of their choice. The list of monuments and dates of presentation are posted on the course’s wiki. The aim of the assignment is not to just reproduce some basic information for each building but to discuss its overall role in the history of the site, its function and architectural form, and its fate from when it was first constructed to its later uses. At the end of the semester we will create a podcast for the Athenian Agora based on these presentations for people to download and use it as an audio guide while visiting the site!

• Group Discussion: There are six group discussions organized throughout the semester. The students are expected to have done the assigned reading in order to participate actively in the discussion. The group discussions will require students to work collectively in groups and debate the main issues raised in the literature. At the beginning of each discussion there will be a poll in class to survey the students’ opinions on the main arguments presented in their reading. Group discussions will provide an opportunity to discuss in more depth the archaeological methods employed and the interpretations of the excavation results in the Athenian Agora. Further, the group discussions provide an opportunity to move beyond individual monuments and explore the political, socio-economic, and cultural factors that influenced the architecture, function and symbolism of the Agora in different periods.

• Research Project: All students will be asked to write a research paper on the archaeology of the Athenian Agora (ca. 2500 words). The research paper may be a more fully developed version of their Monument Presentation or could be an expansion of one of the topics discussed in group discussion. Students can also write on other topics of their choice after they have discussed them with me.

Deadlines: Midterm Exam: Monday 15 Oct Final research paper: Friday 7 Dec Final Exam: Friday 14 Dec Monument presentations: throughout the semester (posted on the wiki) Group discussions: 14 Sept, 28 Sept, 29 Oct, 9 Nov, 23 Nov, 5 Dec

Readings: Most of the lecture readings are from the required text book: Camp, John M. 1992. The Athenian Agora: Excavations in the Heart of Ancient Athens. London: Thames & Hudson. Other assigned readings will be available as pdf files in the password-protected course wiki.

WEEK 1:

Wednesday 5 Sept: Course introduction.

Friday 7 Sept: History of the excavations. Reading: Mauzy, C.A. 2006. Agora Excavations 1931-2006. A Pictorial History. Princeton: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, pp.10-25; Camp, J. and Mauzy, C.A. 2009. The Athenian Agora. New Perspectives on an Ancient Site. Mainz am Rhein: Zabern, pp. 100-112.

WEEK 2:

Monday 10 Sept: Brief overview of the topography of Athens and the location of the Agora. Reading: Camp, J. 2003. The Athenian Agora: A Short Guide to the Excavation. Princeton: American School of Classical Studies, pp. 5-45; Camp, J. and Mauzy, C.A. 2009. The Athenian Agora. New Perspectives on an Ancient Site. Mainz am Rhein: Zabern, pp. 12-16; Wycherley, R.E. 1956. The Market of Athens: Topography and Monuments. Greece & Rome 3 (1):10-23.

Wednesday 12 Sept: Reconstructing the geography of the Agora based on textual sources and excavation results. Reading: Papadopoulos, J.K. 2003. A Contribution to the Topographical Study of Early Athens. In Ceramicus Redivivus. The Early Iron Age Potters’ Field in the Area of the Classical Athenian Agora (Hesperia Supplement 31). Princeton: American School of Classical Studies at Athens, pp. 271-279; Vanderpool, E. 1949. The Route of in the Athenian Agora. Hesperia 18: 128-137; Robertson, N. 1998. The City Center of Archaic Athens. Hesperia 67: 283-302.

Friday 14 Sept: 3D representation of the Agora/ Group discussion. Reading: Tzortzaki, D. 2008. The Chronotopes of the Hellenic Past: Virtuality, Edutainment, Ideology. In D. Damaskos and D. Plantzos (eds.). Singular Antiquity: Archaeology and Hellenic Identity in Twentieth-Century Greece. Athens: Benaki , pp. 141-161; Kouleris, K. Singular Antiquity 9: Tzortzaki on Virtual Reality: http://kourelis.blogspot.gr/search/label/Singular%20Antiquity

WEEK 3:

Monday 17 Sept: Below the classical Agora I. Reading: Camp, John M. 1992. The Athenian Agora: Excavations in the Heart of Ancient Athens. London: Thames & Hudson, pp. 19-34; Papadopoulos, J. K. 2003. The Original of Athens and the Creation of the Classical Agora. In Ceramicus Redivivus. The Early Iron Age Potters’ Field in the Area of the Classical Athenian Agora (Hesperia Supplement 31). Princeton: American School of Classical Studies at Athens, pp. 280-297.

Wednesday 19 Sept: Below the classical Agora II. Death and burial rites in the Athenian Agora during the Mycenaean and the Geometric period. Reading: Anderson Immerwahr, S. 1973. Early Burials from the Agora Cemeteries. Princeton: American School of Classical Studies at Athens; Liston, M.A. and Papadopoulos, J.K. 2004. The ‘Rich Athenian Lady’ Was Pregnant: The Anthropology of a Geometric Tomb Reconsidered. Hesperia 73: 7-38.

Friday 21 Sept: A public space in the making: The Agora in the Archaic period. Reading: Camp, John M. 1992. The Athenian Agora: Excavations in the Heart of Ancient Athens. London: Thames & Hudson, pp. 35-57; Shear, L.T. 1994. The Agora and Democracy. In O. Palagia, W.D.E. Coulson, T.L. Shear, Jr., H.A. Shapiro, and F.J. Frost (eds.). The Archaeology of Athens and under the Democracy. Oxford: Oxbow, pp. 224-248; Papadopoulos, J.K. 1996. The Original Kerameikos of Athens and the Siting of the Classical Agora. Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 37 (2): 107-128.

WEEK 4:

Monday 24 Sept: Housing in the Athenian Agora. Reading: Camp, John M. 1992. The Athenian Agora: Excavations in the Heart of Ancient Athens. London: Thames & Hudson, pp.148-150; Tsakirgis, B. 2009. Living Near the Agora: Houses and Households in Central Athens. In J. Camp and C. A. Mauzy (eds.). The Athenian Agora. New Perspectives on an Ancient Site. Mainz am Rhein: Zabern, pp. 47-54; Thompson, H.A. 1959. Activities in the Athenian Agora: 1958. Hesperia 28 (1): 98-105.

Wednesday 26 Sept: The archaeology of household activities. Reading: Tsakirgis, B. 2005. Living and Working around the Athenian Agora: A Preliminary Case Study of Three Houses. In B. A. Ault and L. C. Nevett (eds.). Houses and Households. Chronological, Regional, and Social Diversity. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 67-82; Lynch, K.M. 2011. Household activities other than the Symposium. In The Symposium in context: Pottery from a Late Archaic House near the Athenian Agora (Hesperia Supplement 46). Princeton: American School of Classical Studies at Athens, pp. 146-166.

Friday 28 Sept: Gender spaces within the Athenian house/Group discussion. Reading: Rotroff, S. and Lamberton, R. 2005. Women in the Athenian Agora. Athens and Princeton: American School of Classical Studies at Athens; Nevett, L. 1995. Gender Relations in the Classical Greek Household: The Archaeological Evidence. The Annual of the British School at Athens 90: 363-381; Goldberg, M.Y. 1999. Spatial and Behavioral Negotiation in Classical Athenian City Houses. In P. M. Alison (ed.). The Archaeology of Household Activities. London: Routledge, pp. 142-161.

WEEK 5:

Monday 1 Oct: Going shopping in the Athenian Agora. Reading: Thompson, D.B. 1993. An Ancient Shopping Center: The Athenian Agora. Princeton: American School of Classical Studies at Athens; Dixon, D. F. 1994. Retailing in : gleanings from contemporary literature and art. In G. B. Schmidt (ed.). Contemporary Marketing History. Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Historical Research in Marketing and Marketing Thought. East Lansing \: University of Michigan State University, pp. 231-246.

Wednesday 3 Oct: Commerce and crafts. Reading: Camp, John M. 1992. The Athenian Agora: Excavations in the Heart of Ancient Athens. London: Thames & Hudson, pp. 122-135; Rotroff, S.I. 2009. Commerce and Crafts around the Athenian Agora. In Camp and C. A. Mauzy (eds.). The Athenian Agora. New Perspectives on an Ancient Site. Mainz am Rhein: Zabern, pp. 39-46.

Friday 5 Oct: Industrial activities. Reading: Camp, J. M. 1992. The Athenian Agora: Excavations in the Heart of Ancient Athens. London: Thames & Hudson, pp. 135-147; Camp, J. M. 1995. Excavations in the Athenian Agora: 1994 and 1995. Hesperia 65: 231-261; Mattusch, C.C. 1977. Bronze- and Ironworking in the Area of the Athenian Agora. Hesperia 46 (4): 340-379.

WEEK 6:

Wednesday 10 Oct: Public spaces and waterworks. Reading: Camp, J. M. 1992. The Athenian Agora: Excavations in the Heart of Ancient Athens. London: Thames & Hudson, pp.105-107; Lang, M. 1968. Waterworks in the Athenian Agora. Princeton: American School of Classical Studies at Athens; Coulton, J.J. 1976. The Architectural Development of the Greek . Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 1-17.

Friday 12 Oct: Spectacles and performances. Reading: Kyle, D. G. 1993, Athletics in Ancient Athens. Leiden: Brill, pp. 57-64; Edwards, G.R. 1957. Panathenaics of Hellenistic and Roman Times. Hesperia 26: 320-349; Webster, T.B.L. 1960. Greek Dramatic Monuments from the Athenian Agora and . Hesperia 29: 254-284.

WEEK 7:

Monday 15 Oct: MIDTERM EXAM

Wednesday 17 Oct: Religious life, rituals and magic. Reading: Camp, J. M. 1992. The Athenian Agora: Excavations in the Heart of Ancient Athens. London: Thames & Hudson, pp. 77-87; Wycherley, R.E. 1978. The Stones of Athens. Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 62-75; Jordan, D. R. and Rotroff, S.I. 1999. A Curse in a Chytridion: A Contribution to the Study of Athenian Pyres. Hesperia 68 (2): 147-154; Jordan, D. R. 1988. New Archaeological Evidence for the Practice of Magic in Classical Athens. Praktika of the 12th International Congress of Classical Archaeology: , 4–10 Septembriou 1983 (4). Athens, pp. 273-277.

Friday 19 Oct: One temple-many lives: The Hephaisteion. Reading: Camp, J. M. 1992. The Athenian Agora: Excavations in the Heart of Ancient Athens. London: Thames & Hudson, pp. 82-87; Dinsmoor, W.B. 1941. Observations on the Hephaisteion (Hesperia Supplement V). Princeton: American School of Classical Studies at Athens, pp. 3-16; Thompson, D.B. 1937. The Garden of Hephaistos. Hesperia 6 (3): 396-412.

WEEK 8:

Monday 22 Oct: The archaeology of Democracy I: civic buildings. Reading: Camp, J. M. 1992. The Athenian Agora: Excavations in the Heart of Ancient Athens. London: Thames & Hudson, pp. 90-107; Miller, S. G. 1995. Old and Old in the classical Agora of Athens. In M. H. Hansen and K. Raaflaub (eds.). Studies in the Ancient Greek . Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, pp.133–56; Shear, T.L. Jr. 1995. Bouleuterion, Metroon and the Archives at Athens. In M. H. Hansen and K. Raaflaub (eds.). Studies in the Ancient Greek Polis. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, pp. 157-190.

Wednesday 24 Oct: The archaeology of Democracy II: The Tholos -Eating and drinking at public expense. Reading: Thompson, H.A. and Wycherley, R. 1972. The Athenian Agora XIV. The Agora of Athens. The History, Shape and Uses of an Ancient City Center. Princeton: the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, pp. 41-46; Rotroff, S.I. and Oakley, J.H. 1992. Debris from a Public Dining Place in the Athenian Agora (Hesperia Supplement XXV). Princeton: American School of Classical Studies at Athens, pp. 35-50.

Friday 26 Oct: The archaeology of Democracy III: voting, public speaking and ostracizing. Reading: Camp, J. M. 1992. The Athenian Agora: Excavations in the Heart of Ancient Athens. London: Thames & Hudson, pp. 107-112; Lang, M. 2004. The Athenian Citizen: Democracy in the Athenian Agora. Princeton: American School of Classical Studies at Athens, pp. 5-26.

WEEK 9:

Monday 29 Oct: Commemoration and political propaganda in the Agora/Group discussion. Reading: Camp, J. M. 1992. The Athenian Agora: Excavations in the Heart of Ancient Athens. London: Thames & Hudson, pp. 66-72, 97-100; Camp, J. M. 1994. Before Democracy: Alkaionidai and Peisistratidai. In W.D.E. Coulson et al (eds.). The Archaeology of Athens and Attica under the Democracy. Oxford: Oxbow, pp. 7-12; Shear, T. L. Jr. 1970. The Monument of the Eponymous Heroes in the Athenian Agora. Hesperia 39: 145-222.

Wednesday 31 Oct: The Agora in the . Reading: Camp, J. M. 1992. The Athenian Agora: Excavations in the Heart of Ancient Athens. London: Thames & Hudson, pp. 153-180; Thompson, H.A. and Wycherley, R. 1972. The Athenian Agora XIV. The Agora of Athens. The History, Shape and Uses of an Ancient City Center. Princeton: the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, pp.65-71.

Friday 2 Nov: The : From Hellenistic shopping center to archaeological museum and research center. Reading: Camp, J. M. 1992. The Athenian Agora: Excavations in the Heart of Ancient Athens, London: Thames & Hudson, pp. 168-75; Thompson, H.A. and Wycherley, R. 1972. The Athenian Agora XIV. The Agora of Athens. The History, Shape and Uses of an Ancient City Center. Princeton: the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, pp.103-108; Mauzy, C.A. 2006. Agora Excavations 1931-2006: A Pictorial History. With contributions by John McK. Camp II. Princeton: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, pp. 32-43.

WEEK 10:

Monday 5 Nov: The Agora in the Roman period: political change and spatial reorganization. Reading: Camp, J. M. 1992. The Athenian Agora: Excavations in the Heart of Ancient Athens. London: Thames & Hudson, pp. 181-194; Walker, S. 1997. Athens under Augustus. In M.C. Hoff and S.I. Rotroff (eds.). The Romanization of Athens. Oxford: Oxbow, pp. 67-80.

Wednesday 7 Nov: From the Odeion of Agrippa to the Palace of Giants: Music, politics and illustrious benefactors. Reading: Camp, J. M. 1992. The Athenian Agora: Excavations in the Heart of Ancient Athens. London: Thames & Hudson, pp. 184, 194-97; Frantz, A. 1988. Late Antiquity: A.D. 267-700. Athenian Agora XXIV. Princeton: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, pp. 95-116.

Friday 9 Nov: Monumentality, nostalgia and new political alliances in the Athenian Agora in the Roman period/Group discussion. Reading: Shear, L. 1981. Athens from city-state to provincial town. Hesperia 50: 356-377; Alcock, S. 2002. Archaeologies of the Greek Past: Landscape, Monuments, and Memories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 52-75; Dickenson, C.P. 2011. The Agora as a Political Center in the Roman Period. In A. Giannikouri (ed.). The Agora in the Mediterranean from Homeric to Roman Times Athens: Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Tourism, pp. 48-51, 55-57.

WEEK 11:

Monday 12 Nov: The archaeology of destruction and the aftermath of barbaric invasions in the Agora in the Late Roman period. Reading: Camp, J. M. 1992. The Athenian Agora: Excavations in the Heart of Ancient Athens. London: Thames & Hudson, pp. 196-213; Frantz, A. 1988. Late Antiquity: A.D. 267-700. Athenian Agora XXIV. Princeton: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, pp. 1-11, 53-56, 76-78.

Wednesday 14 Nov: From pagan temples to Christian churches. Reading: Frantz, A. 1988. Late Antiquity: A.D. 267-700. Athenian Agora XXIV. Princeton: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, pp. 68-74, 83-84; Frantz, A. 1965. From Paganism to Christianity in the Temples of Athens. Dumbarton Papers 19: 187-205.

Friday 16 Nov: Economic and religious life in the Agora in the Late Roman period. Reading: Frantz, A. 1988. Late Antiquity: A.D. 267-700. Athenian Agora XXIV. Princeton: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, pp. 34-48, 79-84; Thompson, H.A. 1959. Athenian Twilight: A.D. 267-600. The Journal of Roman Studies 49 (1-2): 61-72.

WEEK 12:

Monday 19 Nov: The Athenian Agora in the Byzantine period. Reading: Frantz, A. 1961.The Middle Ages in the Athenian Agora. Princeton: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens; Kazanaki-Lappa, M. 2002. Medieval Athens. In A.E. Laiou et al. (eds.). The Economic History of . From the Seventh to the Fifteenth Century. Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library, pp. 639-646; Frantz, A. 1971. The Church of the Holy Apostles. The Athenian Agora XX. Princeton: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, pp. 1-5, 24-26.

Wednesday 21 Nov: Byzantine Houses in the Athenian Agora. Reading: Shear, L. The Athenian Agora: Excavations of 1980-1982. Hesperia 53 (1): 50-57; Shear, L. 1997. The Athenian Agora: Excavations of 1989-1993. Hesperia 66 (4): 521-535.

Friday 23 Nov: The afterlife of ancient monuments in the Byzantine Agora/Group discussion. Reading: Sarandi, H. 1997. The use of ancient spolia in Byzantine monuments. International Journal of the Classical Tradition 3: 395–423; Caraher, W. R. 2010. Abandonment, Authority, and Religious Continuity in Post-. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 14 (2): 241-254.

WEEK 13:

Monday 26 Nov: From Byzantine to Frankish and Ottoman. Reading: Shear, L. 1997. The Athenian Agora: Excavations of 1989-1993. Hesperia 66 (4): 535-545; Bodnar, E.W., Travlos, J. and Frantz, A. 1965. The Church of St. Dionysios the Areopagite and the Palace of the Archbishop of Athens in the 16th Century. Hesperia 34 (3): 157-202.

Wednesday 28 Nov: The rediscovery of the Athenian Agora I: Romanticism and the early modern travelers. Reading: Tsigkakou, F.M. 1981. The rediscovery of Greece: Travellers and painters of the Romantic era. London: Thames and Hudson, pp.1-30.

Friday 30 Nov: The rediscovery of the Athenian Agora II: Antiquarianism and the rise of archaeology. Reading: Travlos, J. 1981. Athens after the Liberation: Planning the New City and Exploring the Old. Hesperia 50 (4): 391-407. Vroom, J. and Kondyli, F. 2011. Life Among Ruins. Utrecht: Parnassus press, pp. 37-47.

WEEK 14:

Monday 3 Dec: New technologies and new directions in the Agora excavations. Reading: Hartzler, B. 2009. Applying New Technologies. In J. Camp and C.A. Mauzy (eds.). The Athenian Agora. New Perspectives on an Ancient Site. Mainz am Rhein: Zabern, pp. 128-137. Reviving the Ancient Agora: http://www.ascsa.edu.gr/index.php/excavationagora/project-reviving-the-ancient- agora-the-cradle-of-the-democracy

Wednesday 5 Dec: Who owns the Agora? The Agora as an archaeological site, working area, part of a modern town and a sacred space/Group discussion. Reading: On the case of the http://www.thepetitionsite.com/201/help-save-the- sacred-altar-of-the-12-gods/; http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_wsite4_1_17/02/2011_379147

Friday 7 Dec: Course Review