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MftTO UNCLASSIFIED EXEMPLAIRE 350 and PUBLIC DISCLOSED COPY .T

ORIGINAL: ENGLISH 30th April, 1 955

OPEN LETTER FROM CERTAIN DISTINGUISHED CITIZENS OP CANADA, FRANCE, AND

Note hy the Secretary General and Vice-Chairman of the Council

The Council should see the attached letter from certain distinguished citizens of ' Canada, France, United Kingdom' and United States. - It is for decision whether any action other than that already in hand hy the Council is. required on this letter' or any specific parts of it.

(Signed) ISMAY DECLASSIFIED - PUBLIC DISCLOSURE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MISE EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MISE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ DISCLOSURE - PUBLIC DECLASSIFIED -2- NATO RESTRICTED C-M(53)58

STATEMENT ON STRENGTHENING NATO

1. As citizens of the United State's, Great Britain, Prance and Canada, we are addressing this open letter-to our fellow citizens on the eve of the meeting of the North Atlantic Council in , and to our representatives at that meeting,

2, - We are convinced that the "burdens of taxes and high prices which rest so heavily on all our peoples can -be eased only by a better integration ofLJ^,6^-ac.QJio.mlc-. defense. and. foreign policies of all our countries through the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

3« We point out that there is authority in the Treaty for further development of- the North Atlantic Community to: (a) give us better defense at less cost; (b) create a reliable and expanding economy to.raise the standard of living for the Atlantic Community and the whole free world; (c) multiply the effectiveness of our foreign policies to safeguard individual liberty and to establish peace'.

k- Better defense at lower, -costs depends as much, if not more, on the integration of our economic policies as it does on the integration of our defense policies. By wise economic coordination, we could so increase the combined national, incomes of the fourteen NATO members that their combined defense costs would be a much smaller percentage of their incomes than it has been hitherto,

5, To achieve these goals we respectfully suggest - the following steps: (i) A joint declaration by the responsiblè Ministers attending this North Atlantic Council meeting that they will propose immediate steps to lower tariffs, eliminate quotas and other trade restrictions, simplify customs proceedings and free currencies to the end that the Atlantic nations may eventually become one financial and trading community.

(ii) Closer cooperation by NATO with all. international agencies engaged in economic activity. Absorption by NATO of the separate -functions of these agencies wherever such action would make for efficiency and good relations,

DECLASSIFIED - PUBLIC DISCLOSURE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MISE EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MISE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ DISCLOSURE - PUBLIC DECLASSIFIED (iii) The creation of a North Atlantic Consultative Assembly, composed of representatives of the peoples of the NATO countries, which would have as its principal objective the implementation of Article II of.the North Atlantic Treaty which pledges members to bring about "conditions of stability and well being" and to "encourage economic collaboration between any or all of them."

(iv) The setting up of a" central agency to coordinate Allied policy and planning in all vital areas where imperialist -Communist aggression threatens peace, including Europe, the Middle East and the Par East. NATO RESTRICTED C-M(53)58

6. We hope that these proposals will receive consideration at the forthcoming meeting of the North Atlantic Council. We set them forth in the belief that all items on the agenda for this meeting are related to the paramount issue of whether we, the free peoples of-the'earth, can atta'in among ourselves a unity adequate to prevent a third World War.

7. We endorse the statement ' of 'our NATO Secretary General that: "The democracies should form the habit, and have the'means, of thinking together and acting together in all matters, be they ' great or small, in the interests of any of their number that are threatened, and further that the enemy should know without a shadow of doubt that they are so aligned." 8. We also endorse the statement of President Eisenhower, made in his report as NATO Supreme Commander on April 2, 1952, that: "There is power in our union... Visible and within grasp we have the capability of building such military, economic and moral strength as the Communist world would never dare to challenge,"

9. We are convinced that all the above steps would be taken by the NATO nations in the event of war. We ask that they be taken now in order to prevent war.

SIGNATURES

FROM THE UNITED STATES (86)

Thomas J. Anderson, Publisher5 "Arkansas Farmer" and "Mississippi Farmer", Arkansas , former Assistant Secretary of State, New Jersey Mrs. Robert Low Bacon, Washington, D.O. Hon. Raymond E. Baldwin, Associate Justice, Connecticut Supreme Court, former Senator, Connecticut Mrs,'Margaret Culkin Banning, author, Minnesota Elliot V. Bell, Chairman, Executive Committee, McGraw-Hill Publishing Co, , New York Mrs. Mary McLeod Bethune, educator.- Vice-President, NAACP, Florida Robert Woods Bliss, former Ambassador to Argentina, Washington, D.C. Hon. James T. Brand, Associate Justice, Oregon Supreme Court, Oregon Sevellon Browns Publisher, Providence Journal and Bulletin,' Rhode Island P.F.Brundage, Senior Partner, Price, Waterhouse & Company, New York Harry A. Bullis, Chairman of the Board5 General Mills5 Minnesota Arthur Bunker, Chairman of the Board, Climax'Molybdenum, New York

DECLASSIFIED - PUBLIC DISCLOSURE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MISE EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MISE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ DISCLOSURE - PUBLIC DECLASSIFIED Stephen F. Chadwick, Past National Commander, American Legion, Washington Edwin F. Chinlund5 Vice-President and Treasurer, R.H, Macy & Company, New York Will L, Clayton, Chairman5 Anderson, Clayton & Company, former Under-Secretary of State, Texas Dr. Karl T. Compton. Chairman of the Corporation, M.I.T., Cambridge. Massachusetts Frank Crosswaith5 Chairman. Negro Labor Committee, New York Hon. Colgate W. Darden. President University of -Virginia, former Governor of Virginia5 Virginia •'. Chester C. Davis, Associate Director- Ford Foundation5 California Dr.. J. Frederick Dewhurst economist Twentieth Century Fund5 New York NATO RESTRICTED CzPTrDZlW ~~

Cleveland E. Dodges Vice-President;, Phelps-Dodge Corporation, New York " General William J. Donovan, attorney, Chairman, American Committee on United Europe, New York Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., California Thomas K.. Finletter, former Secretary of Air, New York Henry C. Flower, Jr., Vice-President, J, ./'alter Thompson Company, New York Henry Ford II, President, Ford Motor Company, Michigan Clarence Francis, Chairman, General Foods Corporation, New York Professor Carl J. Friedrich, Professor of Government, , Massachusetts Hon, W.St. John Garwood, Associate Justice, Texas Supreme Court, Texas Robert M. Gaylord, President, Ingersoll Milling Machine Company, Illinois Rabbi Norman Gerstenfeld, Washington, D.C. Dr. Harry D. Gideonse, President, Brooklyn College, New York Clinton S. Golden, labor advisor to E.C.A., Pennsylvania Joseph C. Grew3 former Under-Secretary of State, Washington, D.O. William V. Griffin, President, the English Speaking Union, New York Hon. Learned Hand, former Judge,. U.S. Circuit Court, New York Christian A. Harter, Governor of Massachusetts, Massachusetts Professor Herbert Hill, Head of History Department, Dartmouth College, New•Hampshire Rt. Rev. Henry W. Hob son, Bishop of Southern Ohio Dr. Ernest M. Hopkins, former President of Dartmouth 'College, Vermont Palmer Hoyt, Publisher, The Denver Post, Colorado Dr. ";ilb.:r K. Jordan, president Radcliffe College, Massachusetts Meyer Kestnbaum. Chairman, Committee for Economic Development, Illinois . • Fred Lazarus, Jr., President Federated Department Stores, Ohio. Edward H. Litchfield, Director, AmericanPolitical Science Association, Washington D.C. Paul W. Litchfield. Chairman of the Board Goodyear Tire and Rubber, Ohio Dr. Clarence C. Little, former President, University of Maine and University of Michigan, Maine General of the Army George C, Marshall, Virginia. Mrs. Dorothy McAllister, Chairman of the;Board, National Consumerar League, Michigan - Frederick 0. McKee, industrialist, Pennsylvania Hugh Moore, Chairman of the Board, Dixie Cup Company, Pennsylvania Malcolm Muir, Publisher, Newsweek, New. York Dr. Franklin D. Murphy, Chancellor, University of Kansas, Kansas Garrison Norton, former Assistant Secretary of State, Washington, D.C. Edmund Orgill, Chairman5 Orgill Brothers, Tennessee DECLASSIFIED - PUBLIC DISCLOSURE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MISE EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MISE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ DISCLOSURE - PUBLIC DECLASSIFIED Lithgow Osborne, President. American-Scandinavian Foundation, former Ambassador to Norway, New York Mrs. Robert P. Patterson, New York William Phillips, former Under-Secretary of State, Massachusetts Paul A. Porter ,•Washington, D.O. H.W. Prentis, Jr., president, Armstrong Cork Company, Pennsylvania Judge Joseph Proskauer, New York .- Philip D. Read, Chairman of the Board, General Electric Company, New York Owen J, Roberts, former Associate Justice, United States Supreme Court, President Atlantic Union Committee, Pennsylvania

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Thomas L. Robinson5 President-Publisher, Charlotte News, North Carolina Elmo Roper, market analyst, New York BeardsleyRuml5 Treasurer5 Democratic National Committee,,New York Mrs. T.M. Sayman5 civic leader, .Missouri Harry Scherman5 President, Book-of-the-Month Club5 New York George E. Shea5 Jr., editorial writer, Wall Street Journal, New York Professor James T. Shotwell5 Honorary President, A.A.U.N. Director Emeritus5 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, New York Hans Christian Sonne, Chairman, National Planning Association, New York Charles M. Spofford5 former U.S. 'Delegate to North Atlantic Council, New York Admiral William H. Standley, former Ambassador to Russia, California Dr. William E. Stevenson PresidentOberlin College, Ohio Robert B. Stewart, Dean, Fletcher School of Diplomacy, Massachusetts Herbert Bayard Swope, New York Brig. Gen. Telford Taylor, attorney, New York Wayne Chatfield Taylor, former Under-Secretary of Commerce, Washington, D.O. William L. White, journalist, author, Kansas Philip H. Wfakie, Indiana Hon, Harry H. Woodring, former Secretary of War, Kansas W.T, Wynn, Director. National Cotton Council of America,, Mississippi Judge Luther W. Youngdahl, former Governor, Minnesota Owen D. Young, Honorary Chairman, General Electric Oompany5 New York William Zeckendorf, President, Webb & Knapp, Inc., New York.

FROM GREAT BRITAIN (3?)

Robert Boothby, M.P. Professor John Bowie Sir C. Maurice Bowra, Vice-chancellor, Oxford University Professor D.W.Brogan- Alan Bullock, historian, Oxford University Professor George Catlin, Political Scientist Lionel Curtis, C.H., O.M.,Pöliticial Scientist Admiral of the Fleet Sir John Cunningham The Very Reverend'E. N. Porter Goff, Provost of Portsmouth D.A. Grant.. D.S.O., Barrister Wilfred Hill Douglas Hyde5 Editor, The Catholic Herald E.S.T. Johnson, M.P. Gilbert Lengden, M.P. E.H.C. Leather, M.P. Sir Frederick W. Leith-Ross5 Director, National Provincial Bank B.J. MacKenna5 Q.C., ConstittitIonal .lawyer K.W.B. Middleton DECLASSIFIED - PUBLIC DISCLOSURE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MISE EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MISE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ DISCLOSURE - PUBLIC DECLASSIFIED Tracy Philips, Ohurch of England Council on Foreign Relations Peter 'Rowland, Barrister '. Earl B. Russell, philosopher Dr, Georg Schwarzenberger, Vice-Dean, Faculty of Laws, University of London Alan Thomas. Eaitor5 The Listener J.D. Tilney, M.P. Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of War G. M. Young, Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford University The Rt. Honorable Lord Beveridge K.C.B., Economist Sir Adrian Boult5 Conductor Frank Byers, Executive Chairman Liberal Party NATO RESTRICTED C-M(5375F"

The Rt. Hon. Clement Davies5 Q;C. M.P. Leader of the Parliamentary Liberal Party Lord Malcolm Douglas-Hamilton, O.B.E. , M.P;. Professor Hanburg, political Scientist . Julian Huxley, Scientist Roger Lewis, University College, South Wales Michael Lubbock, Esq., Treasurer, United Nations Association Major General G.O. Lyne R.W.G. Mackay, Barrister, former M. P. Professor Gilbert Murray, O.M. Oxford University

FROM FRANCE (13)

Jacques Bardoux, member of the Comraittee for -Foreign Affairs of the National Assembly . Philippe Barres, member of the National Assembly General Pierre Billotte, member of the' Committee for-Foreign Affairs of the National Assembly I^jJacques Chastenet, member of the "Institut de France", "Conseiller de l'Union Française" Senator Michel Debre' Comte Robert de Dampierre, former Ambassador to Canada and Sweden Edouard Giscard d'Estaing, President of the French Committee of the International Chamber of Commerce Edouard Herriot, President of the National Assembly Senator Amaury de la Grange, Vice-Presidentcf the French Committee for Atlantic Union P.O. Lapie, former Cabinet Minister Emmanuel Monick, Honorary Governor of the Bank of France Firmin Roz, President of the French Committee for Atlantic Union, member of the "Institut de France" General Maxim Weygand, former Commander in Chief of the French Army

FROM CANADA (19) W Mr. L. René Beaudoin, M.P. , 'Deputy Speaker, House of Commons Father J.M. Belanger, Director, SchocI of Political, Economic • and Social Sciences, University of Ottawa Mr. George Burt, Canadian Director* United Automobile Workers, C.I.O Colonel Gordon Churchill, M.P. Mr; Pred Dowling, .District Director, United Packinghouse Workers of America Mr. George Ferguson, Editor, Montreal Star Mr, George T, Fulford, M.P.

DECLASSIFIED - PUBLIC DISCLOSURE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MISE EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MISE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ DISCLOSURE - PUBLIC DECLASSIFIED Senator L.M. Gouin5 Chairman, Senate External Relations Cominittee Rev. Dr. Wasyl Kushner, Head'of Greek Orthodox Church in Canada ' , Professor A. R.M. Lover, historian; Queen's University Mr. C.H. Millard, National Director. United Steelworkers of Ameriéa Mr. A. R.- Mosher, president Canadian Congress of Labour Professor Frank Scott. Faculty of La-', McGill University Dr. Sidney Smith, President, University of Toronto Mr. Alistair' Stewart, M.-P, Winnipeg . Colonel K.R. Swinton, Vice-President and General Manager, Sonograph Limited Mr; E.-P. Taylor, President, Argus Corporation Mr. • Wilson Woodside ) ForeighEditor, Saturday Night Mr. Percy Bengough, President, Trades and Labour Congress of Canada