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Utilization Statistics Expeditions 0 – 50 December 1998 – April 2017

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Utilization Statistics Expeditions 0 – 50 December 1998 – April 2017 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION Utilization Statistics Expeditions 0 – 50 December 1998 – April 2017 This is a product of the ISS Program Science Forum comprised of representatives from the ISS Partner Agencies: Canadian Space Agency (CSA), European Space Agency (ESA), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Federal Russian Space Agency (Roscosmos) and the ISS Participant Agency: Italian Space Agency (ASI). Additional Resources: ISS Research and Technology on the Web: http://www.nasa.gov/iss-science/ Follow us on Twitter: @ISS_Research MCB Approved February 2018 NUMBER OF INVESTIGATIONS PERFORMED ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION The information below provides an overview of ISS utilization up to the end of April 2017. An Expedition pair reflects the 6-month period used by the ISS Program for planning and execution of its activities. The utilization reflects activities of all of the ISS International Partners: CSA, ESA, JAXA, NASA, and Roscosmos. An investigation is defined as a set of activities and measurements (observations) designed to test a scientific hypothesis, related set of hypotheses, or set of technology validation objectives. Investigators include the principal investigator(s) and co-investigator(s) that are working to achieve the objective of the investigation. ISS Expeditions 47/48 ISS Expeditions 49/50 ISS Expeditions 0-50 Mar 2016 — Sep 2016 Sep 2016 — Apr 2017 Dec 1998 — Apr 2017 Total Investigations 311 344 2315 New Investigations 98 129 - Completed/Permanent Investigations 89 67 1683 Number of Investigators with Research on the ISS 886 918 3304 Countries/Areas with ISS Investigations 48 50 101 Expeditions 0 – 50 December 1998 – April 2017 Research Disciplines of International Space Station Number of Investigations and Investigators with Investigations by Partner Agencies Research on the ISS per Expedition 500 1000 Investigators per Expedition 4 4 1 400 800 71 72 2 Investigations 300 600 8 200 400 10 Investigators 66 47 100 200 13 Investigations per Expedition 0 0 58 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 21/22 25/26 29/30 33/34 37/38 41/42 45/46 49/50 Post Columbia; Japanese investigation surge in protein crystal growth; Shuttle Return to Flight; 6 Crew 15 Final Shuttle Flight; Commercial resupply flights begin; Loss of Orb-3; Loss of 59P and SpX-7 16 42 4 USOS Crew and Extended Expedition 203 45 234 ISS Benefits Increased 19 Through International Collaboration Agency Collaboration Investigations Collaboration Total % Increase Only (Hosting) Implemented (Participating) Agency Through 70 Impact Collaboration 85 CSA 24 10 34 28 62 82% 470 89 ESA 237 85 322 285 607 89% 138 JAXA 439 168 607 111 718 18% NASA* 641 178 819 101 920 12% Roscosmos 321 212 533 197 730 37% Biology and Biotechnology 60 2315 722 3037 31% Earth and Space Science *NASA utilization includes 58 investigations by the Italian Space Agency (ASI), an ISS 71 Participant Agency Educational Activities and Outreach 232 International Collaboration Percentage by Human Research Investigation Categories 92 Physical Science 6% Biology 30 48 Technology Development and Demonstration 17% Earth and Space Education NASA utilization includes investigations by the Italian Space Agency (ASI), an ISS Participant Agency. 14% 55% Human Research Physical Science 5% Technology 3% Page 1 PSF Approved November 2017; SSCB Approved January 2018; MCB Approved February 2018 Research and Education Education New Entries 101 highlighted countries and areas have participated in ISS Research and Education Activities Resources for the ISS are often described as upmass (mass of material brought to the ISS), downmass (mass of material returned from ISS) and crewtime (amount of time crew dedicates to an activity). ISS Expeditions 47/48 ISS Expeditions 49/50 ISS Expeditions 0-50 Research Resources Mar 2016 — Sep 2016 Sep 2016 — Apr 2017 Dec 1998 — Apr 2017 Upmass 2401 kg 2831 kg 62069 kg Downmass 1101 kg 1784 kg 17868 kg Crew Time 2308 hrs 2539 hrs 35307 hrs The investigations statistics represented below reect research planned for Expeditions 51/52 and 53/54*. The numbers of investigations actually performed can only be reported after completion of the expeditions. Number of Current and Future Investigations ISS Expeditions 51/52 ISS Expeditions 53/54‡ ISS Expeditions 51-54‡ on the International Space Station Apr 2017 — Sep 2017 Sep 2017 — Feb 2018 Apr 2017— Feb 2018 Total Investigations 329 264 395 New Investigations 95 44 139 Number of Investigators with Research on the ISS 791 589 880 Countries/Areas with ISS Investigations 25 23 26 *JAXA data is preliminary ‡Future utilization projections are expected to increase as new integration process allows later manifesting of experiments Page 2 PSF Approved November 2017; SSCB Approved January 2018; MCB Approved February 2018 International Space Station Publications Data Clarivate ISS Results Publications through September 2017 Analytics® Source * Ranks* (Number of Publications) 100% 90% 1 PLOS ONE (42) Biology and Biotechnology 80% Earth and Space Science 2 Nature (2) 70% Educational Activities and Outreach 60% 3 PNAS (4) Human Research 50% Physical Science 4 Science (3) 40% Technology Development and Demonstration 30% ISS Publications in Top 10 Sources Top ISS Publications in 6 Physical Review Letters (28) 20% Not Shown: 137 publications from non-technical sources 13 Journal of Biological Chemistry (2) 10% 0% 14 Scientific Reports (15) Journal Conference Papers 1455 426 17 Chemical Communications (1) Citations from the Top 10 Ranked Global Journals from 20 Advanced Materials (1) October 2016 - April 2017 AES-1 demonstrated that E. coli in microgravity formed in clusters which may be associated with 22 Journal of Neuroscience (1) enhanced biofilm formation in microgravity potentially leading to increased pathogenicity of microbes. (Zea L, et al, PLOS ONE, 2016) Chitinase was examined by JAXA PCG and demonstrated that a number of gram-positive 35 RSC Advances (1) soil-dwelling bacteria possess similar cell-surface-expressed multi-modular enzymes for cell wall polysaccharide degradation which have potential as renewable resources of energy, fuels and functional materials. (Itoh T, et al, PLOS ONE, 2016) 38 Astronomy & Astrophysics (1) Micro-7 demonstrated in vivo cells in microgravity experience mechanical loading from varying blood pressures that cells in vitro do not, suggesting that DNA damage response in space may be 41 Optics Express (2) dependent on the cell type and cell growth conditions. (Lu T, et al, PLOS ONE, 2017) NanoRacks-CellBox-PRIME exhibited that the lack of long-term cytoskeletal changes, together with 42 Chemistry - A European Journal (1) stable metabolic function (suggesting cellular adaptation in microgravity) has important implications for human health and performance during long-term missions. (Tauber S, et al, PLOS ONE, 2017) The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) has collected cosmic ray data from 1.9GV to 2.6TV for 53 Geophysical Research Letters (1) millions of boron and carbon nuclei over the last five years of operations on ISS, allowing the ISS Publications in Top 100 Sources Top ISS Publications in rigidity dependence of the boron to carbon flux ratio (B/C) to be analyzed for the first time. The rigidity provided information for scientists to compare the major turbulence models used in cosmic 55 NeuroImage (1) ray modeling, and found that the results are in agreement with the Kolmogrov theory of interstellar turbulence that can be used in further analysis of AMS data (Aguilar-Benitez M, et al, Physical The Journal of 60 Review Letters, 2016) Chemical Physics (4) CVB results allow researchers to develop simple models of bubble formation, which could help develop more efficient microelectronics cooling systems. (Kundan A, et al, Physical Review Letters, 70 Physical Review E (2) 2017) Top 5 Most Cited ISS Results Publications Overall* 74 Langmuir (3) AMS-02 has collected and analyzed billions of cosmic ray events, and identified 9 million of these as electrons or positrons (antimatter), providing data that may lead to the solution of the origin of 82 Biomaterials (1) cosmic rays and antimatter, increasing the understanding of how our galaxy was formed. (Aguilar-Benitez M, et al, Physical Review Letters, 2013. Times Cited = 463) Subregional Bone found that the greatest space-induced bone loss occurs in pelvis, hip, and leg 91 The Astrophysical Journal (1) bones, which should be the focus of countermeasures and surface activities designed for space explorers on future missions beyond low Earth orbit. (Lang TF, et al, Journal of Bone and Mineral Journal of Clinical Research, 2004. Times Cited = 367) 94 Endocrinology and Metabolism (1) Astrovaktsina showed that the localization of the V-antigen in Yersinia plays a crucial role in the ® translocation process and its efficacy as the main protective antigen against plague. (Mueller CA, *Journals are listed in Eigenfactor order. et al, Science, 2005. Times Cited = 231) Eigenfactor® is an estimate of the percentage of time users spend with a Microbe implicated that the Hfq (RNA chaperone) protein acts as a major post-transcriptional journal, with citations from influential regulator of Salmonella gene expression. (Sittka A, et al, Molecular Microbiology, 2007. Times journals ranked higher. Cited = 226) MAXI revealed the existence of a hypernova remnant estimated to be 3 million years old, believed to be the first in our galaxy. (Burrows DN, et al, Nature, 2011. Times Cited = 211) *Data accurate as of 1200 CDT, September 15, 2017 Page 3 PSF Approved November 2017; SSCB Approved January 2018; MCB Approved February 2018.
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