virulenta Bae & Komai, 1991 recorded for the first time in Europe, with description of a new subspecies (, )

Per Falck & Ole Karsholt

Falck, P. & Karsholt, 0.: Lobesia virulenta Bae & Komai, 1991 recorded for the first time in Europe, with description of a new subspecies (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Entomologiske Meddelelser66: 117-126. Copenhagen, Denmark, 1998. ISSN 0013-8851.

Lobesia virulenta Bae & Komai, hitherto known only from East Asia is recorded from Denmark and Norway. Based on differences in wings and genitalia specimens from these countries are described as a new subspecies, Lobesia virulenta mieana Falck & Karsholt n. ssp. It is compared with L. reliquana (Huhner) and L. botrana (Denis & Schiffermiiller); the adult and their genitalia are described and illustrated. A lectotype of Cochylis fischerana Treitschke, 1835 is published.

P. F.: Tingagervej 4, DK-7500 Holstebro, Denmark. 0. K: Zoologisk Museum, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 K0benhavn 0, Denmark.

Introduction In the winter of 1997 the first author be­ the species he had discovered. A compari­ came aware of some peculiarities in two son of the material with specimens of viru­ specimens in his series of L. reliquana lenta from Japan revealed some small differ­ (Huhner). The specimens, a male and a fe­ ences, and based on these we conclude that male, were dissected, and surprisingly the the populations from these two areas are dif­ genitalia differed from those of reliquana. In ferent at subspecific level. looking for further specimens of this, to The genus Lobesia Guenee, 1845 contains him, unknown species the collections of the more that 100 species and has a nearly Zoological Museum, Copenhagen and the worldwide distribution (Bae & Komai, 1991: private collection of Gertjeppesen were ex­ 115). Nineteen species are currently recog­ amined, and they revealed eight further nized from Europe (Razowski, 1996: 145- specimens. Some of these specimens were 146). They include L. botrana (Denis & dissected and the genitalia examined, when Schiffermiiller) (European Vine ), a it became evident that these series of sup­ serious pest of grapes. Among the European posed reliquana actually consisted of two dis­ Lobesia species virulenta is, like reliquana, re­ tinct species. lated to and easily confused with botrana (D. A search in relevant European literature & S.), and these two species are therefore failed to clarify the identity of the unknown dealt with here in some detail. In East Asia species. He then consulted the second au­ several other closely related Lobesia species thor who draw attention to a recently pub­ occur, viz. argutaBae & Komai, 1991, yasudai lished revision of the Japanese species of the Bae & Komai, 1991, pyriformis Bae & Park, genus Lobesia (Bae & Komai, 1991). One of 1992 and atsushii Bae, 1993. These species the new species described there, L. virulenta are very similar in both habitus and genit­ Bae & Komai, seemed to be conspecific with alia characters.

Ent. Meddr 66. 4- 1998 117 1 2

4

5 6

9

Figs 1-10. Adults of Lobesia. Figs 1-3, L. virulenta ssp. mieana Falck & Karsholt. 1, holotype 0', Denmark, NEZ, Asserbo; 2, 0', Denmark, NEZ, Gn!lnholt; 3, 9, Denmark, B, Paradisbakker. Figs 4,5, L. virulenta ssp. virulenta Bae & Komai. 4, 9,Japan; 5, O',Japan. Figs 6-8, L. reliquana (Hb.). 6, 0', Denmark, EJ, Hald; 7, 0', Denmark, LFM, Hamborg Skov; 8, 9, Denmark, NEZ, Asserbo. Figs 9,10, L. botrana (D. & S.). 9, 0', Spain; 10, 0', Gorse.

118 Ent. Meddr 66. 4- 1998 Abbreviations. irrorated with black. Body dark brown or black. Gs: Genitalia slide. The pupa is 7 mm long, uniformly yellowish NHMA: Naturhistorisk Museum, Arhus, brown. Host plants are: Pyrus serotina, Larix leptole­ Denmark. pis, sp., gall of Ceratovacuna nekoashi (Aphididae) on . When feeding NISK: Norwegian Forest Research on Pyrus, the larva attacks the fruits, on S. japoni­ Institute, As, Norway. cus it feeds at the inner wall of galls made by C. ne­ ZMUC: Zoologisk Museum, K0benhavns koashi (Bae & Park, 1992: 129; Bae & Yasuda, Universitet, Denmark. 1992). In Japan the larva of virulenta is regarded ZMUO: Zoologisk Museum, as a pest on Pyrus (Bae & Yasuda, op. cit.). University of Oslo, Norway. Distribution. -Japan (Bae & Komai, 1991: 129), Korea (Bae & Park, 1992: 76), China (Liu & Bae, Lobesia virulenta ssp. virulenta 1994: 853) and Taiwan (Bae, 1993: 519). Bae & Komai. New status Lobesia virulenta Bae & Komai, 1991: 127. Lobesia virulenta mieana Falck & Karsholt. Diagnosis. -Adult (figs 4-5). Wingspan 12-13 mm. New subspecies. Head pale ochreous. Antenna pale yellowish brown, ringed with darker brown. Labial palpus Diagnosis.- Adult (figs 1-3). Wingspan 10-13 and thorax light yellowish brown suffused with mm. Head pale ochreous. Antenna pale yel­ dark brown. Ground colour of forewing light lowish brown, ringed with blackish brown. La­ ochreous, suffused with plumbeous; basal patch bial palpus and thorax yellowish brown, suf­ ochreous brown, angulated at outer edge; area fused with blackish brown. Ground colour of between basal patch and central fascia light och­ forewing ochreous, suffused with blackish; ba­ reous at costa and fuscous at dorsum; central fas­ sal patch blackish brown, angulated at outer cia sub triangular, ochreous brown, upper half of edge; area between basal patch and central fas­ outer margin edged with black; pretornal and cia dark grey, lighter at costa; central fascia terminal patch tawny; apical spot ovate, sur­ subtriangular, ochreous brown at dorsum, rounded by fuscous line; cilia lighter or darker blackish at costa; on upper half of outer mar­ ochreous with fuscous basal line. Hindwing in gin of central fascia a light yellow spot; pretor­ male subtriangular, with rather straight termen nal and terminal patch tawny fuscous; apical and pointed apex, pale greyish white, semi-pellu­ spot ovate, indistinct, with darker centre, sur­ cid, becoming darker towards apex; distance (in rounded by fuscous line; cilia ochreous grey males) between veins CuA1 and CuA2 about with fuscous basal line. Hindwing in male sub­ twice the distance between CuA1 and M3; cilia triangular with sinuous termen and rounded white with a greyish subbasalline. Hindwing of fe­ apex, light greyish and semi-pellucid at base, male of normal shape, fuscous. becoming fuscous towards apex; cilia light Genitalia, er (fig. 11). Valva rather broad and grey with a greyish subbasal line; distance (in angulated; sacculus with two spine clusters, males) between veins CuA1 and CuA2 about linked by a series of small spines (16-20 spines in 1.5 times the distance between CuA1 and M3. examined material). Aedeagus slightly shorter Hindwing of female broader than in male, fus­ than half of caulis, gently curved at base, straight cous. in middle and tapering distally, with a group of Genitalia, er (figs 12, 15). Similar to those of extremely minute dents on proximal half of its L. virulenta virulenta, except that the two spine left wall. Abdominal segments weakly sclerotized. clusters at sacculus are linked by a shorter se­ Genitalia, 9 (fig. 17). Sterigma -shaped, ries of small spines (11-14 spines), caulis is concave anteriorly, gradually tapering posterior­ smaller, and aedeagus is slightly longer than ly; antrum with almost parallel walls; ductus bur­ half length of caulis. sae rather long; corpus bursae small and round­ Genitalia, 9 (fig. 18). Similar to those of viru­ ed; signum rather large, arrowhead-shaped. lenta virulenta, but sterigma more concave an­ teriorly, and ductus bursae about one fourth Bionomics. - The mature larva has a body length longer. of 8-12 mm. Head light yellowish brown with dis­ tinct black ocellar area. Prothoracic shield dark Bionomics. - Early stages unknown. Adults have reddish brown. Anal shield dark brownish grey, been collected from the beginning of May to late

Ent. Meddr 66, 4- 1998 119 12

Figs 11-14. Male gen­ italia of Lobesia. - 11, L. virulenta ssp. vir-u­ lenta Bae & Komai; 12, L. virulenta ssp. mieana Falck & Kars­ holt; 13, L. reliquana (Hb.); 14, L. botrana (D. &S.).

120 EnL Meddr 66, 4 - 1998 Figs 15,16. Aedeagus and caulis of Lobesia. -15, L. virulenta ssp. mieanaFalck & Karsholt; 16, L. reliquana (Hb.).

July in mixed deciduous forests. Gert Jeppesen central fascia is more pronounced; in ssp. mieana (pers. comm.) found L. virulenta mieana by beating the small light yellow spot between the central bushes of Prunus padus. fascia and the terminal patch is more distinct, and the plumbeous lines between the central fas­ Distribution. - Denmark, Norway. L. virulenta cia and the terminal patch are edged with light mieana is less common than reliquana. Among the yellowish scales which give a more speckled ap­ c. 160 specimens of reliquana in the collection of pearance. The forewings of reliquana are more ZMUC we found only six specimens of virulenta. pointed apically compared with virulenta. Sexual Remarks. - L. virulenta mieana differs from the dimorphism in virulenta ssp. mieana is slightly pro­ nominal subspecies in being overall darker, hav­ nounced, with the male hindwing often darker ing the brownish areas of the forewings brownish than that of reliquana, subtriangular with a more to fuscous (ochreous to brownish in Japanese vir­ sinuous termen (a fine diagnostic character); the ulenta), and in having the light yellow spot on the distance (in males) between veins CuA1 and upper half of the outer margin of the central fas­ CuA2 about 1.5 times the distance between veins cia much more distinct. Japanese males of virulen­ CuA1 and M3 (in reliquana this distance is about ta moreover have the light part of the hindwing twice); the hindwing in females is similar to that more whitish, the termen of that wing more of related species. straight, and the distance between veins CuA1 Our comparison of the specimens listed under and CuA2 is about twice the distance between 'type material' below with material of reliquana veins CuA1 and M3. and virulenta from Japan clearly shows that they The forewing coloration and pattern in ssp. are more closely related to the latter than to reli­ mieana are also very similar to those of reliquana, quana. Considering the small differences but in the latter the subtriangular dark area on between the closely related species of this group the dorsal half between the basal patch and the in Asia we have, of course, discussed whether

Ent. Meddr 66, 4- 1998 121 18

Figs 17,18. Female genitalia of robesia.- 17, L. virulenta ssp. virulenta Bae & Komai; 18, L. virulenta ssp. mieana Falck & Karsholt.

122 Ent. .\1eddr G6, 4- 1998 Figs 19,20. Female genitalia of Lobesia.- 19, L. reliquana (Hb.); 20, L. botrana (D. & S.).

Ent. Meddr 66, 4- I 998 123 mieana in fact represents a distinct species. How­ hindwing varies in males from whitish witb dark ever, to give a satisfYing answer to this question grey apex to almost unicolorous blackish grey; all one needs to study material from different inter­ females have such unicolorous dark hindwings. vening areas to see if intermediate populations Genitalia, 0' (figs 13, 16). Valva less broad and occur. Information on the bionomics of mieana basally more curved compared with virulenta; sac­ will probably also be helpful to clarify tbis. Based culus also with two spine clusters, but the number on our present knowledge we consider it, at least of small spines linking tbe two clusters is less ( 4-8 for tbe time being, most informative to treat miear in examined material). Aedeagus almost as long na as a subspecies of virulenta. as caulis and almost twice as long as in virulenta, more curved and with a series of serrate dents on Type material. - Holotype 0', Denmark, NEZ, As­ its dorsal wall. The abdominal segments distinctly serbo, 31.v.1986 (P. Falck; gs. PF 1646; ZMUC). sclerotized. Paratypes. DENMARK Husby, 19 WJ: Genitalia, 9 (fig. 19). Sterigma pear-shaped, 27.vii.1979 (P. L. Hoist; gs. PF 1678A.; NHMA); more or less concave anteriorly, but abruptly ta­ LFM: T0mmerholt, 10' 13.vi.1970 (leg. K. Peder­ pering posteriorly; antrum becoming wider pos­ sen, ZMUC); B0t0, 19 16.vi.1990 (G. Jeppesen; teriorly; ductus bursa of same length as in virulen­ gs. PF 1656); L0gnor, 19 24.vi.1991 (P. Falck; gs. ta virulenta but shorter than in virulenta mieana; 1649); SZ: Gj0rslev B0geskov 10', 19 19.vi.1960 corpus bursae large and ellipsoidal; signum small (E. Traugott-Olsen & N. L. Wolff; gs. ETO 906; and rhomboidal. ZMUC); NEZ: Tokkek0b Hegn, 19 28.v.1895 (C. S. Larsen; gs. PF 1677A.; NHMA); Gr0nholt, 10' Bionomics. - The larva is described by Bradley et 4.vi.1965 (W. van Deurs; gs. PF ZM3; ZMUC); al. (1979: 68). Its main host plant is Quercus, but Ostrupgard, 10' 27.vi.1967 Q. E.Jelnes; ZMUC); larvae of reliquana have also been recorded from Gribskov, 10' 7.v.1990 (G.Jeppesen; gs. PF 1657); Anchusa, Betula, Fagus, ]uniperus, Prunus and Soli­ B: Paradisbakkerne, 19 1.-2.vii.1978 (O.Karsholt; dago (Bradley et al., op cit.). Some of these host gs. OK 3243; ZMUC). NORWAY 0: Sarpsborg, plants may eventually be referred to virulenta. 10', 19 25.v. & 5.vi.1921 (E. Barca; gs. ZMO 879, Distribution. - From Europe throughout the Pa­ NISK 98016; NISK & ZMUO); VE: Larvik, Rakke, laearctic region to Japan (Liu & Bae, 1994: 852; 10' ll.vi.1990 (L. Aarvik; gs. LAA 2543); AAy: Razowski, 1996: 146). Arendal, Bjelland, Trom6y, 10' 26.vi.1955 (A. Bakke; gs. NISK 98015; NISK), 10' same locality Remarks. - Tortrix permixtana Huhner, [1799]: pi. 25.vi.1986 (S. A. Bakke; gs. LAA 98043); STi: 12, fig. 75 is a misidentification of Tortrix permixta­ Trondheim, Sjetremyra, 10' 6.vii.1987 (S. A. na [Denis & Schiffermuller], 1775 (now in the Bakke; gs. LAA 98042). Cochylini genus Gymnidomorpha). Hiibner later Data from Norway are provided by Leif Aarvik. on (1799: pi. 29, fig. 187) figured the correct per­ Where no depository is mentioned tbe speci­ mixtana D. & S., and he renamed ([1825]: 381) mens are in the collection of the collectors. the species, which he had originally misidenti­ fied, Asthenia reliquana. Lobesia reliquana (Huhner) When Frolich (1828: 66) proposed tbe name Tortrix leucopterana he was apparently unaware Tortrix permixtana Hiibner, [1799] tbat Huhner had alredy proposed a new name for (misidentification). his misidentified permixtana. Asthenia reliquana Hiibner, [1825]. Treitschke (1835: 146-147) was aware of Tortrix leucopterana Frolich, 1828. Huhner's reliquana. However, he misidentified it Cochylis fischerana Treitschke, 1835. and used the name for the European Vine Moth Diagnosis. -Adult (figs 6-8). Wingspan 12-14 mm. (botrana). Treitschke (1835: 145-146) moreover Forewing overall similar to tbat of virulenta and described a similar species as Cochylis fischerana. A botrana (compare these). Sexual dimorphism single syntype of this taxon is kept in the Treitsch­ pronounced, in that males have the hindwing tri­ ke collection at The Natural History Museum in angular with almost straight termen and pointed Budapest. Through tbe kindness of Liszl6 Ron­ apex, whereas tbe hindwing in females is of nor­ kay of that museum we had tbe opportunity to mal shape. This is reflected in the venation of the study that specimen. Judging from the wing pat­ male hindwing in which the distance between tern we consider it belongs to reliquana (Hb.). veins CuA1 and CuA2 is about double tbe dis­ However, it has a (false) male abdomen glued on, tance between M3 and CuAl. The colour of tbe and by dissection that proved to belong to Phiaris

124 En t. Meddr 66, 4 - 1998 micana (Denis & Schiffermiiller, 1775), a species ski, 1996: 145). Records from Japan are due to which Treitschke described under the name of misidentification (Bae & Komai, 1991: 115), as Sericoris olivana. We have selected this specimen are records from North America. L. botrana has as the lectotype. It is labeled: "Lectotype 9, Cocky­ sometimes been found in North Europe, but lis fischerana Treitschke, 1835, 0. Karsholt de­ such records probably refer to specimens intro­ sign., 1998 I with false, glued abdomen, Gen. duced with grapes as larvae or pupae. pr

Ent. Meddr 66, 4- I 998 125 Acknowledgements Tortricidae), with description of a new subgenus.- Tyo toGa 42: 115-141. L. Aarvik, NISK As, Norway placed unpublished Bae, Y.-S. & K-T Park, 1992. Notes of the genus Lobesia records of virulenta from Norway at our disposal; (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) from Korea, with descrip­ P. Gjelstrup, Naturhistorisk Museum, Arhus gave tion of a species. - Tyo to Ga 43: 75-82. us access to the collection under his care; G. Bae, Y.-S. & T. Yasuda, 1992. The immature stages of Ltr Jeppesen, Elken0re pr. Idestrup, Denmark pro­ besia Guenee (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) from japan.­ vided information and loaned material; F. Komai, Tyo to Ga 43: 8&-94. Bradley,J. D., W. G. Tremewan & A. Smith, 1979. British Osaka University of Arts, Osaka,Japan presented Tortricoid Moths. Tortricdae: Olethreutinae. viii + 336 pp, material ofvirulentafromJapan; M. Nuss, Staatlis­ 43 pis. London. ches Museum fur Naturkunde, Dresden, Germa­ Friilich, F. A. G., 1828. Enumeratio Tortricum Wiirtem­ ny and Wolfgang Nassig, Senckenberg-Museum, bergiae. pp. i-viii, 9-102 pp. Tiibingae. Frankfurt am Main, Germany helped with litera­ Hiibner, J., 1816-[1826]. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmett­ ture; L. Ronkay, Hungarian Natural History Mu­ linge [sic!]. 431 + 71 pp. Augsburg. seum, Budapest, Hungary loaned us the holotype Ko~ak, A. 6, 1982-87. On the validity of the species of Cochylis fischerana Treitschke; M. Stanescu, Mu­ group names proposed by Denis & Schiffermiiller, zeul de Istorie naturala "Grigore Antipa", Bucar­ 1775 in Ankiindung (sic!) eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlingen der Wiener Ge­ est, Romania. provided information on L. matici gend.- Priamus 2: 5-42; 3: 98-130; 133-154; 4: 81-86. Stanoiu, 1974 so that this taxon could be exclud­ Liu, Y.-Q & Y.-S. Bae, 1994. A study of Chinese species of ed from the present study. G. Brovad and N. P. the genus Lobesia Guenee, 1845 (Lepidoptera, Tor­ Kristensen, both ZMUC, made the photographs tricidae). -Japanese Journal ofEntomology 62: 845-859. of adults and genitalia, respectively. K. Tuck, The Razowski,J., 1996. Tortricidae. Pp. 130-157, 313-318. In Natural History Museum, London, U.K. correct­ 0. Karsholt &J. Razowski (eds). The Lepidoptera of Eu­ ed the English of the manuscript. rope. 380 pp. Stenstrup. Roehrich, R. & E. Boiler, 1991. Tortricids in Vineyards. Pp. 507-514. In L. P. S. van der Geest & H. H. Even­ huis (eds): Tortricid Pests. Their Biology, Natural Eni­ Literature mies and Control. - World Crop Pests 5: i-xviii; 1-808. Amsterdam, Oxford, New York, Tokyo. Bae, Y.-S., 1993. The genus Lobesia (Lepidoptera, Tor­ Sattler, K & W. G. Tremewan, 1984. The Lepidoptera tricidae) from Taiwan, with descriptions of two new names ofDenis & Schiffermiiller- a case for stability.­ species. -Japanese Journal ofEntomology 61: 515-524. Nota lepidopterologica 7: 282-285. Bae, Y.-S. & F. Komai, 1991. A revision of the Japanese Treitschke, F., 1835. Die Schmetterlinge von Europa 10(3): species of the genus Lobesia Guenee (Lepidoptera, 1-303. Leipzig.

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