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Urticaceae Juss. No Estado De São Paulo, Brasil ANDRÉ LUIZ GAGLIOTI Urticaceae Juss. no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de MESTRE em BIODIVERSIDADE VEGETAL e MEIO AMBIENTE, na Área de Concentração de Plantas Vasculares em Análises Ambientais. SÃO PAULO 2011 ANDRÉ LUIZ GAGLIOTI Urticaceae Juss. no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de MESTRE em BIODIVERSIDADE VEGETAL e MEIO AMBIENTE, na Área de Concentração de Plantas Vasculares em Análises Ambientais. ORIENTADOR: DR. SERGIO ROMANIUC NETO Ficha Catalográfica elaborada pelo NÚCLEO DE BIBLIOTECA E MEMÓRIA Gaglioti, André Luiz G135u Urticaceae Juss. no Estado de São Paulo / André Luiz Gaglioti -- São Paulo, 2010. 209 p. il. Dissertação (Mestrado) -- Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente, 2010 Bibliografia. 1. Urticaceae. 2. Taxonomia. 3. Urtigas. I. Título CDU: 582.635.5 “A diferença entre o possível e o impossível está na vontade humana” Louis Pasteur A minha mãe, família e noiva, dedico AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço a todos aqueles que de forma direta ou indireta contribuíram para a realização deste trabalho, e em especial: Ao Instituto de Botânica, na pessoa da diretora Dra. Vera Lúcia Bononi, por permitir o acesso às instalações do Instituto. À Coordenadoria do Programa de Pós Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, na pessoa de seus coordenadores, Dra. Rita de Cássia L. Figueiredo Ribeiro, Dra. Carmen Lídia A. Pires-Zotarelli, Dr. Claudio José Barbedo, Dra. Marisa Domingos e Dra. Gerleni Lopes Esteves. Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, pela concessão da bolsa. Ao Dr. Sergio Romaniuc Neto, pela orientação, que permitiu a realização deste trabalho, por todos ensinamentos, amizade, respeito e pelo qual tenho imenso carinho e admiração. Aos funcionários da secretaria da Pós-Graduação, em especial à Marcinha, pela total dedicação ao Programa e aos alunos durante todo este período. Aos funcionários da Biblioteca do Instituto de Botânica, pelo eficiente auxílio quando necessário. Aos curadores e funcionários dos herbários visitados, pelo auxílio e dedicação com que realizam seu trabalho em especial à Dra. Maria Cândida Henrique Mamede (Candinha), curadora do Herbário SP, onde foi desenvolvido o presente trabalho. Ao Dr. Jorge Pedro Pereira Carauta, pelos ensinamentos, e por ter gentilmente me hospedado em sua casa durante a minha visita aos Herbários do Rio de Janeiro. i À todos os professores do Curso de Graduação e de Pós-Graduação que muito contribuíram para a minha formação. À doutoranda Luciana Benatti e Dra. Amélia Barros, pela orientação e auxilio na microscopia eletrônica. Ao amigo e ilustrador Klei Sousa, pelo profissionalismo, amizade, capricho e rapidez. Aos pesquisadores, funcionários do Núcleo de Pesquisa Curadoria do Herbário do Instituto de Botânica: Cinthia Kameyama, Fábio de Barros, Eduardo Catharino, Gerleni Esteves, Mizuê Kirizawa, Inês Cordeiro, Jefferson Prado, Lúcia Rossi, Maria Cândida Henrique Mamede, Maria das Graças Lapa Wanderley, Maria Margarida Fiúza de Melo, Marie Sugyama, Rosângela Simão Bianchini, Sônia Aragaki, Suzana Ehlin Matins, Ana Célia, Néia, Evandro, pela agradável convivência e pela ajuda prestada nos momentos que precisei. Aos alunos e estagiários do Instituto de Botânica: Ludmilla, Murilo, Fátima, Simone, Marília, Bia, Vivi, Vitor, Alan, Catita, Alexandre, Túlio, Maiara, Marcos, Gisele, Rodrigo, Luciana, Leonardo, Leandro, Priscilla, Juçara, Talisson, Anderson, pela amizade. Ao Dr. Ricardo Francischetti Garcia, a Graça, e a todos funcionários do Herbário Municipal da Prefeitura de São Paulo (PMSP), local onde fui bem acolhido e iniciei meus estudos na botânica. À Ana Célia (Celinha), querida amiga e mãezona, por toda a ajuda, conselhos e paciência. À Claudinéia (Néia) pela amizade, café e carinho. À Maria Margarida (Maga), pela alegria, carinho e risadas, pelas festas e almoços. ii As minhas queridas amigas e irmãzinhas, Berta, Patrícia, Alessandra, Mel, Carol e Gisela, por todos os momentos de carinho, apoio, amizade, respeito, risadas, conselhos, enfim momentos que fazem da vida uma experiência maravilhosa. À minha noiva Paula e sua família, pelo amor, incentivo, apoio, carinho, conselhos e risadas, aos quais amo muito. À minha família, em especial a minha mãe e irmão, por serem o alicerce da minha vida e estarem sempre ao meu lado nos bons e maus momentos. Amo muito vocês todos. iii CONTEÚDO RESUMO .................................................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. x 1. INTRODUÇÃO ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. O ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO ................................................................................................ 1 1.2. HISTÓRICO DE EXPEDIÇÕES E O “PROJETO FLORA FANEROGÂMICA DE SÃO PAULO” ....... 2 1.3. URTICACEAE .................................................................................................................... 5 1.4. OBJETIVOS ........................................................................................................................ 8 2. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS ........................................................................................................... 9 2.1. A ÁREA DE ESTUDO .......................................................................................................... 9 2.2. LEVANTAMENTO BIBLIOGRÁFICO ................................................................................... 11 2.3. COLETA, PROCESSAMENTO E IDENTIFICAÇÃO DO MATERIAL BOTÂNICO ......................... 12 2.4. CONSULTAS A HERBÁRIOS .............................................................................................. 13 2.5. ESTUDOS MORFOLÓGICOS E TAXONÔMICOS .................................................................... 16 2.5.1. MICROSCOPIA ELETRÔNICA DE VARREDURA ........................................................ 17 2.6. ELABORAÇÃO DA DISSERTAÇÃO ..................................................................................... 17 2.7. ANÁLISE DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA E CATEGORIA DE CONSERVAÇÃO .................... 19 3. URTICACEAE JUSS. NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, BRASIL ....................................................... 21 3.1. MORFOLOGIA ................................................................................................................. 21 3.1.1. HÁBITO ................................................................................................................ 21 3.1.2. LÁTEX ................................................................................................................. 22 3.1.3. ESTÍPULA ............................................................................................................. 23 3.1.4. INDUMENTO ......................................................................................................... 24 3.1.5. FOLHA ................................................................................................................. 27 3.1.6. CISTÓLITO ........................................................................................................... 30 3.1.7. INFLORESCÊNCIA ................................................................................................. 32 3.1.8. FLOR .................................................................................................................... 35 iv 3.1.9. FRUTO E SEMENTE ............................................................................................... 37 3.1.10. POLINIZAÇÃO..................................................................................................... 39 3.2. TAXONOMIA ................................................................................................................... 40 3.2.1. HISTÓRIA E POSIÇÃO DE URTICACEAE ................................................................. 40 3.2.2. ESTÁGIO ATUAL DE CONHECIMENTO .................................................................... 49 4. TRATAMENTO TAXONÔMICO DAS ESPÉCIES DE URTICACEAE DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO ..... 52 4.1. DESCRIÇÃO DA FAMÍLIA ................................................................................................. 52 4.2. CHAVE PARA IDENTIFICAÇÃO DOS GÊNEROS ................................................................... 56 1. Boehmeria Jacq. ..................................................................................................... 57 1.1. B. caudata Sw. ................................................................................................ 59 1.2. B. cylindrica (L.) Sw ...................................................................................... 64 1.3. B. ulmifolia Wedd ........................................................................................... 67 2. Cecropia Loefl. ....................................................................................................... 70 2.1. C. glaziovii Snethl. .......................................................................................... 72 2.2 C. hololeuca Miq. ...........................................................................................
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