By Herb Glover, John Provan and Roger Williams

organize the establishment of the net- AFN Europe: work. His first goal was to persuade the BBC to relinquish some of its monopolistic rights. As an incentive he offered the BBC exclu- 60 Years and Counting sive rights to some popular American radio shows. After organizing a small office in From a base- phy that formed the foundation of his London and hiring a secretary, Captain ment to remote stations vision. The General and his staff of war Hays began a tedious search through mili- planners in London also knew that thou- tary personnel records. He uncovered the across Europe, AFN sands of American GIs who were pouring names of 12 civilian broadcasters in uni- radio and TV tells the into Great Britain and preparing for D-Day form already in England. They were trans- GI’s story. also needed entertainment…American ferred to AFN, and, with the help of the U.S. entertainment. State Department, Captain Hays obtained he Europe studio space at 11 Carlos Place in London. Thad an extraordinary beginning, born THE PROBLEM Hays, like many AFN alumni, would con- out of the winds of war and nurtured into In September 1942 the results of a soldier tinue to gain prominence as a public ser- broadcast history by legions of citizen-sol- survey revealed low GI morale due to harsh vant after leaving the network. He served diers. American Forces Network Europe conditions in overcrowded camps, constant for a time as the U. S. Ambassador to training and growing anxiety of the Switzerland. The names of other well- impending war. USO camp shows provided known Americans appeared on the uniform some entertainment and the British roster of early-day AFN Europe including Broadcasting Corporation, the BBC, provid- actors and Mickey ed 30 minutes of American music and five Rooney and famed Hollywood movie direc- minutes of news and sports on weekends, tor Josh Logan, to name a few. but it wasn’t enough. GIs disliked the BBC so much that some resorted to tuning their BORN ON THE 4TH OF JULY to Nazi propaganda broadcasts from It is not by accident that AFN transmitters Germany. were activated on Independence Day. It is somehow appropriate that the soldier net- THE SOLUTION work would begin to broadcast on General Eisenhower ordered his staff to America’s most patriotic annual obser- quickly find a way to provide solders with vance. At 5:45 on the afternoon of the 4th information and entertainment to which of July, 1943, listeners heard “The National they were accustomed “back home.” Anthem” followed by introductory remarks General Everett S. Hughes and Brewster by Brewster Morgan. Then, AFN’s first disc Morgan at the Office of War Information jockey-announcer, Technical Sergeant Syl called a meeting and within hours agreed to Binkin, began spinning records and a tra- establish a magazine, a newspaper and a dition in military broadcasting was born. radio station. The magazine, later called Among the early locally produced pro- “Yank”, was popular throughout World War grams were “The Duffel Bag Show,” II. The newspaper, which had its roots in “Combined Operation,” and “Your Town”. World War I, “The Stars and Stripes”, con- The programs had an immediate and posi- AFN – London, 1945 tinues publication today. The radio station tive impact on soldiers and were widely started as an idea in the mind of General that would have a series of transmitters heard by the British population. Dwight D. (Ike) Eisenhower more than a located near U.S. soldier camps would be year before the invasion of Europe during known as The American Forces Network. THE INVASION World War II. By May 1944, 1.7 million U.S. soldiers As an experienced military leader, Ike THE LEADER were poised in Great Britain waiting for knew that an informed soldier would be a Because of his civilian broadcast experi- orders to cross the English Channel to better soldier and it was this basic philoso- ence Captain John S. Hays was selected to

4 R&R JULY 2003 begin one of the largest invasion opera- tions in military history. D-Day came a month later and AFN reporters accompa- nied the invasion force to broadcast the soldier’s story, to entertain and to inform. That same month AFN studios moved to 80 Portland Place, closer to BBC headquarters and farther out of range of German V-1 rockets. By war’s end, some 75 AFN radio transmitters were operating throughout Great Britain.

THE PROGRAMS The Armed Forces Radio Service provided AFN Nuremberg, SGT Alfred Badynski “Hymns from home” 1953-1955 much of the radio programming on 16- inch transcription discs in the . Among the early programs were ensure everyone got the same information, Havre, Lyons, Nancy, , Nuremberg, “Mail Call”, “At Ease”, “Sound Off”, it all came from a single source, the AEFP. , , Paris, Port de Bouc, “Hymns From Home”, and GI Journal. One This joint national arrangement continued , Rome and . of the most popular and successful shows operating until July 28, 1945. Several of the mobile units eventually was “Command Performance”. It was a were used to help establish the AFN net- spectacular wartime variety show and was THE “RIGS” work in Germany. A 7th Army unit was prepared for AFN by top names in the Mobile broadcasting units were built and used in the creation of AFN Munich. 1st entertainment industry and transmitted by the first rig to see action was attached to Army’s mobile rig became AFN Paris, and short wave from CBS and NBC studios in the 5th Army Italian Campaign. Soon other was later transferred to AFN . The the U.S. mobile units were built and were assigned 9th Army gear went to Bremen. 5th Army Famous personalities donated their tal- to the 1st, 7th and 9th U.S. Armies. left several mobile stations behind in Italy ents each week to the war cause and were that were later used in the formation of the requested by servicemen to appear on this THE HEROES U.S. military’s Blue Danube Network in show. The show was created by Louis G. Like most wartime military outfits, AFN suf- Austria. Elements of the 5th and 15th Cowan and virtually all the big names of fered casualties. Sergeant Keith Jameson mobile units found their way to AFN Berlin. radio and film appeared at least once in had the top of his mobile unit shot away The end of the war abruptly dropped the this production which ran until war’s end. while on assignment in newly liberated size of both the AFN staff and audience. Paris and suffered minor injuries. The 7th Troops went home on Liberty ships and were THE STARS Army AFN broadcast unit often came under often accompanied by returning AFN broad- Many famous stars also stopped by the AFN enemy aircraft fire. On one tragic occasion, casters who continued to provide entertain- studios in London while on troop entertain- AFN Sergeant Jim McNally was killed while ment on ship sound systems. Upon reaching ment tours. There, they would be interviewed manning his station. Other AFN reporters New York, AFN announcers would sign off by AFN reporters beginning a longstanding also flew bombing missions and jumped with, “This is AFN’s Atlantic Forces Network tradition that increased the popularity of the with airborne units. While accompanying a turning you over to NBC, CBS, the Mutual network and the morale of the troops. paratroop unit into , correspondent Network and your local stations. Welcome Sergeant Pete Parrish was killed in the line home!” THE PARTNERSHIPS of duty. As the war progressed, AFN joined with the THE AUSTRIAN ANNEX British and Canadian Broadcasting THE WAR ENDS Back on the European continent, AFN Corporations (BBC & CBC) to form the By war’s end, AFN began reconstituting began establishing permanent studios. Allied Expeditionary Forces Program itself on the European continent, with Among the most memorable early stations (AEFP). It was General Eisenhower’s main transmitters and studios located in and networks was the Blue Danube concern that Allied forces show unity, at all Antwerp, Biarritz, Bremen, Berlin, Network with headquarters in Vienna and cost. To prevent misunderstanding and to Chamberry, Cannes, Frankfurt, Kassel, Le

6 R&R JULY 2003 As SEB moved into the 1990s, studios in Salzburg and Linz. From the network continued its tradition August 1945 to October 1955, BDN of excellence and innovation with provided 5,000 U.S. soldiers sta- continued support of the DOD tioned in occupied Austria a taste of agencies and commands that make home. With the end of Austrian up the southern European region. occupation and that country’s neu- During Operations Desert Shield tralization BDN stopped broadcast- and Desert Storm SEB played a key ing in October 1955. The stations’ role in the establishment of the equipment was sent by convoy Desert Storm Network, deploying across the Brenner Pass and was personnel to Southwest Asia and used to help establish Headquarters, providing U.S. radio and Southern European Network (SEN) news, information, and entertain- at Caserma Passalaqua in Verona, ment to American forces in the Italy. SEN also established a closed- Persian Gulf. circuit radio station at Camp Darby In October 1992 DOD directed at Livorno, Italy. the Army Broadcasting Service to provide a single source for AFRTS program services for the U.S. audi- SOUTH OF THE ALPS ence in Europe. The plan also American Forces Network South called for the eventual merger of (AFNS), based at Caserme Ederle in SEB and AFN. Vicenza, Italy, falls under the opera- On Jan. 1, 1993, SEB began tional control of American Forces broadcasting the program signal Network Europe (AFNE) headquar- BDN – “WOFA” Main Station in Vienna, April 13, 1948 from AFN-Europe via satellite for tered in Frankfurt, Germany. television and FM radio services. By March AFNS provides American Forces Radio where it eventually became known as the 1993, SEB had completed the merger with and Television Service (AFRTS) to Southern European Network (SEN). AFN Europe to satisfy the new mission Department of Defense personnel and their With the expansion of U.S. facilities and requirements. family members stationed in Italy, other forces in northern Italy, SEN made a series Army Broadcasting Service officially re- parts of southern Europe and a portion of of moves from Livorno to Verona and sub- designated SEB as AFN-South on Oct. 1, the Middle East. sequently to its current location on 1993. AFNS has geographic management Caserma Ederle in Vicenza, Italy, in 1967. The establishment of the AFNS Command responsibility for five affiliate stations In September 1974, DOD appointed the Information Bureau (CIB) in 1993 provid- across Italy and several unmanned “receive U.S. Army as executive agent for all AFRTS ed the network and its southern European only” stations located throughout the broadcasting operations in Italy. customers with a team of journalists dedi- Mediterranean and Balkans regions. In 1979, SEN changed its name to the cated to supporting regional command AFNS and its affiliate stations – AFN- Southern European Broadcasting Service information campaigns. The CIB team also Vicenza, AFN-Livorno, AFN-La Maddalena, (SEB). deploys in support of NATO, SETAF and AFN-Sigonella and AFN-Naples – are staffed In 1983, after eight years of negotiations Navy Sixth Fleet operations and exercises. with Army, Navy, Air Force, U.S. civilian, with the Italian government, SEB began Today, AFN-South headquarters remains and local Italian national employees who “over-the-air” television broadcasting from co-located with the U.S. Army Southern provide the technical and operational eight affiliate locations throughout Italy. European Task Force at Caserma Ederle in expertise needed to deliver around-the- One year later, the Italian government Vicenza, Italy, and its affiliates continue to clock radio and television services to its granted the network permission to estab- provide their customers with 24-hour DOD audience. lish a satellite delivery service. news, entertainment and informational AFNS traces its roots back to the Blue In a ceremony on July 17, 1985, The programming. Danube Network in Austria that served U.S. Honorable Maxwell M. Rabb, U.S. Ambassa- occupation forces following World War II. dor to Italy, officially activated the AFRTS satel- THE FRENCH CONNECTION Network operations moved with U.S. Forces lite system in Italy. This signal also provided Although AFN had operated a station in from Austria in 1955 to northern Italy radio programming on FM 106 and FM 107.

8 R&R JULY 2003 known as the Voice of the Benelux. ated at war’s end, but it encountered some Paris and other locations in France it never Television service was added in December investigative eyes and was soon shut down. became a full-scale network. The short- 1980 and the station is a key news location Two military criminal investigation agents lived AFN Paris produced shows such as today as AFN SHAPE correspondents are arrived at the station and apprehended an “Midnight in Paris” and “Lower Music of frequently heard and seen on the entire AFN staff member with some $17,000 Upper Pig Alley”, which offered not only network reporting on NATO developments. worth of cigarettes. It was soon revealed American music but also French to the that the entire staff of the AFN Kassel was local listening audience. AFN Paris intro- THE STORY OF AFN IN involved. AFN Headquarters did some seri- duced a song called “Symphony”, originally GERMANY ous housecleaning. Perhaps it was coinci- known as “C’est Fini”. It was written by a It is in the Federal Republic of Germany dence or the realignment of U.S. forces but young Frenchman in hiding during the Nazi where the AFN Europe story experiences its AFN Kassel closed on Christmas 1946. occupation. The song went on to become greatest dynamic. Through the years as the an international hit. Many French listeners political landscape has changed, AFN AFN MUNICH were saddened when AFN Paris terminated Europe has likewise responded with the AFN Munich was the network’s first station operations in March 1946, mainly because opening and closing of affiliate stations in in Germany. It was founded in early June American jazz music was popular in order to accompany the audience that it is 1945 from a mobile unit just outside the French cocktail lounges. dedicated to serving. A devoted listening home of Friedrich August Kaulbach, a well- With U.S. soldiers returning to bases in and viewing audience grew out of the dev- known artist. The house had been confis- France in 1955, AFN created a small astation of war and the variety of locations cated in 1937 to become the home of Nazi network called AFN France to support from which the network operated. Gauleiter, Adolf Wagner. Wagner installed a the NATO mission. Although talks for creat- small radio studio and a direct link to a ing an American network first began in AFN BREMEN transmitter site at Ismaning in order to 1955, it was not until May 1958 that In July 1945 five AFN staffers arrived in broadcast air raid warnings. The home had radio operations actually began. The key the North Sea city of Bremen with orders suffered no war damage and was quickly sticking point in the negotiations was a to establish a radio station. A few days later a acquired by AFN in 1945. provision in French law that required a mobile unit arrived and the station went on French “monitor” to control all radio the air before the month was over. By early PATTON’S OWN programs within the country. 1946 AFN Bremen had moved three times, The opening of the station began with a AFN France had three studios operating until it finally found a permanent location in slight blunder. Station Commander, Major in Orleans, Poitiers and Verdun. One of the the Haus des Reichs. AFN Bremen shut down Bob Light, signed the station on the air most remembered shows produced by AFN in mid-April 1946, when the Bremen Post with the words, “Good Morning, this is AFN France was the popular “What’s Cooking” Command ceased operations. Munich, The Voice of the Seventh Army”. program hosted by Jean Vavrin. Some What Major Light didn’t know was that dur- 3,200 shows were recorded and heard AFN ing the previous night Lieutenant General throughout the entire AFN network. Other AFN Bremerhaven began broadcasting in George Patton’s Third Army had taken con- shows included “Radio Chronicle”, mid-May 1949. It was the smallest station trol of Bavaria. Among AFN Munich’s early “Beaucoup de Music” and “You Call the in the network and was located in a long listening audience was the general, who Tune”. When French President Charles de building with a thatched roof on Karl happened to be shaving. The short-fused Gaulle pulled his country out of the NATO Schurz Kasern at the port. It remained a general lost control of both his temper and alliance, U.S. military forces were with- vital part of the community until the end of his straight razor when he heard that he drawn and AFN France terminated opera- March 1993, when the station terminated was listening to the Voice of the Seventh tions. It was not by chance that the final operations with the closure of the base. Army, not his Third Army. He lived up to record played over AFN France happened One of the most popular locally produced his nickname as old “Blood and Guts” that to be titled “Good-bye Charlie.” shows was “Stickbuddy Jamboree”, which morning as blood streamed down his face opened with, “... So don’t you go wander – and he screamed that he wanted “that NORTHWARD TO BELGIUM here is music from down yonder...” announcer court-martialed”. When Headquarters Supreme Headquarters Inside the captured studios, AFN staffers Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) moved THE AFN KASSEL CAPER found an unusual tape recorder, which from Paris to Mons, Belgium, AFN moved One of the most unique stories belongs to played far superior quality soundtracks with it and opened a station in February the short-lived station in the north Hessen than the wire recorders then in use by the 1974. The AFN SHAPE station has become city of Kassel. The small operation was cre-

10 R&R JULY 2003 AFN STUTTGART in 1968, and the assassination of Senator AFN Stuttgart originally began as a repeater Robert Kennedy in 1968. transmitter for the AFN Munich signal. In March 1948 AFN Stuttgart opened the first AFN BERLIN of several studio sites, located on the top Another celebrated AFN location was in floor of the Graf Zeppelin Hotel. The sta- the city of Berlin. On July 17, 1945, sever- tion served, among other communities, al GIs arrived in Berlin on a jeep, with Headquarters, U.S. European Command. orders to establish a radio station within The station’s final location was on the top 17 days. Soon two 2-ton trucks with a floor of an elementary school at the Army’s mobile unit arrived, parking next to their Robinson Barracks until the station closed future home. A 250-watt transmitter pro- on April 16, 1993. Among the popular vided radio service within only a two-mile locally produced shows were “Ivory Tower radius. Coffee Shop”, “Swing Time Session” and AFN Frankfurt AFN HQ Building on Bertramstr. 6, 1966-2004 “Club 17”. FANCY DIGS The station soon moved into the confiscat- U.S. military. It was an oxide audio tape AFN FRANKFURT ed private 27-room mansion on Podbielski recorder, the same type used today. AFN AFN Frankfurt began operating on July 15, Allee 28 in the exclusive Dahlem section of engineers discovered how to operate the 1945 from a confiscated home in the city. the city. The mansion had belonged to the system and AFN Munich became the first Before AFN headquarters’ operations could Nazi Foreign Minister, Joachim von American radio station in history to use move from London a new larger site was Ribbentrop, who was executed following recording tape on the air. required. A Captain Cummings is credited the Nürnberg war trials. with having discovered romantic Hoechst LUNCHIN’ IN MÜNCHEN on the outskirts of Frankfurt. The von THEN THE STARS CAME OUT AFN Munich produced many memorable Bruning family was given a few hours Over the years, countless celebrities visited radio shows, including “Lunchin’ in notice to make way for the U.S. forces from the AFN Berlin studios, to include such München”, “Bouncing in Bavaria” and AFN and remove their personal belongings. luminaries as Louis Armstrong, Les Brown “Masquerade Till Midnight”. The Munich sta- Although Cummings assured the family they and his Band of Renown, Gary Cooper, Walt tion also did shows from the Armed Forces would be back in their home within 24 Disney, Benny Goodman, , Kurt Recreation Center’s Alpenhof, Deutsches hours, little did anyone know it would be Jürgens, Elke Sommer, Connie Stevens and Haus and General Von Steuben hotels, and exactly 20 years before they were back in Gregory Peck. The station also interviewed from the Casa Carioca Night Club. For a time their home. AFN moved into the Hoechst every U.S. President to visit the city, to AFN Munich had its own guesthouse in castle on Oct. 1, 1946 in what would include John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Garmisch with a small studio inside. become the most remembered and well- Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan. loved location AFN ever had. THE NUREMBERG TRIALS Some of the greatest stories originated in THE WALL FALLS A historic assignment for AFN Munich was Hoechst. For example, when a worker With the end of the , AFN Berlin the Nuremberg Trials. From November dropped a priceless crystal chandelier made history by documenting the crowds 1945 to early October 1946, AFN staffers from the ceiling of the main ballroom to as the first pieces of the Berlin wall fell and Harold Burson, Saul Green, Grady Edney make room for radio equipment. Or the the crowds surged into the Western side of and Walter Cleary were assigned to record live, on-air slip-up, “This is AFN, forcing the city. With the fall of the wall, foreign the entire Nuremberg Nazi War Crimes Americans to serve in Europe”. And the military forces stationed in Berlin were no Trials. The entire trial was broadcast live time when the announcer introduced the longer needed. On Friday, July 15, 1994, on the AFN network and is considered to program with, “Listen... there’s music in AFN Berlin presented its final broadcast. be the network’s first remote broadcast. the air…”, which was followed by the The entire proceedings were captured on sound of a toilet flushing. THEN THERE WAS NUREMBERG nearly 2,000 16-inch transcription discs News events the network covered during Two AFN stations were added to the net- that provided excellent quality. The entire this time period included the construction work somewhat later, AFN Nuremberg’s collection can now be found at the National of the Berlin Wall, the assassination of “Tower of Power” hit the air in January Archives in Washington, D.C. AFN Munich President John F. Kennedy in 1963, the 1950 with studios on the third floor of the ceased operations in February 1992. assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

12 R&R JULY 2003 AFN HQ’s home since 1966. From luxurious Grand Hotel in downtown this location, the network has Nuremberg. After moving twice more dur- seen the U.S. military leave ing its service to troops in Germany’s Frankfurt in 1994, the construc- Franken region, AFN Nuremberg said “Auf tion of a large German police Wiedersehn” in September 1995. headquarters across the street where the main Frankfurt military AND K-TOWN TOO shopping center once stood, and AFN Kaiserslautern didn’t begin operations has seen the former U.S. Army until December 1953, starting then from a Fifth Corps Headquarters, known mobile unit. Through the years the organi- as the I.G. Farben Building as well zation has generated tremendous listener as the Abrams Complex, convert- and viewer loyalty and serves one of the ed into a German university cam- largest military audiences in all of military pus. broadcasting. Many Germans attribute their American music knowledge to the AFN stations scattered across Europe since 1945. AFN brought jazz, blues, country and western, soul, and AFN Bremen Bob Hope – 1947 rock ’n’ roll to Europe.

HQ AFN MOVES TO station will be relocating to Wiesbaden BERTRAMSTRASSE Army Airfield, but the broadcast towers German government pressure in Wieskirchen (AM 873) and the finally persuaded AFN to leave Feldberg (ZFM 98.7) will continue the Hoechst Castle and seek a carrying those sounds from America new home. AFN agreed and for years to come. decided to erect a new studio AFN London CPL. Jerry Colona Interviewing Bob Hope in Queenberg Club 1943 with offices near German state AFN TODAY radio for the Hessen state During the late 1990s, the drawdown of (Hessischer Rundfunk) on Bertramstrasse In 2001 AFN Europe received the bless- U.S. forces in Germany led to the closure of in Frankfurt. AFN began broadcasting from ing of U.S. Army Europe and the necessary many installations and affiliate AFN stations the new location in August 1966. $8 million to begin transitioning the HQ’s such as Bremerhaven, Munich, Nürnberg, Frankfurt Dornbusch has remained the building to Coleman Barracks, , Stuttgart and Berlin. which is considerably As U.S. Force structure changed and closer to the U.S. military migrated across Europe, so has AFN Europe. audiences in central The network maintained a small radio trans- Europe. The AFN HQ’s mitter site in Heidelberg since the 1950s, staff will begin operations but began studio broadcast operations as from Mannheim in mid- AFN Heidelberg in April 1993. to late-2004. AFN Würzburg was a mere repeater The German press has transmitter site for the AFN Nuremberg sig- erroneously reported that nal until May 1, 1980, when studio opera- AFN will no longer be tions began at Leighton Barracks in a broadcasting in makeshift operation, sans even a toilet. Frankfurt, which is not Listeners soon realized that AFN Würzburg exactly correct. AFN HQ DJ’s were slipping away to another building is moving to Mannheim to use the bathroom each time the station AFN Berlin Capt Morgan & Ray Cave Interview and the local AFN played the complete version of the rock ’n’ Airlift Pilot 1984-1949 Frankfurt/Hessen affiliate

14 R&R JULY 2003 longing to hear about their loved ones in Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Other AFN deployment opera- tions that were significant morale boosters include AFN Zagreb in late November 1992, AFN Entebbe, Uganda, in August 1994, AFN Comedian Milton Berle with AFN Berlin Station Staff 1965 Somalia, from May 1993 until March 1994, and when NATO troops Bruce Scott were killed in September deployed into in 1999 with service 1982, when their Chinook helicopter to Camps Bondsteel and Monteith. crashed during a U. S. Air Show near AFN Bosnia began at Eagle Base in Tuzla, Mannheim, Germany, while on assignment. Bosnia, in December 1995, and had live It is estimated, or guess-timated, that broadcast operations from there until April AFN has touched the lives of at least 11 to AFN received 100,000 letters a year – 1960’s 2002. The AFN signals are still broadcast across Bosnia, only from roll classic “In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida” by Iron the Frankfurt Headquarters. Butterfly. AFN Würzburg’s building has AFN has always gone with the been continuously expanded to include, in U.S. Forces, so new stations have addition to bathrooms, even local television also come and gone in recent studio service. years to Tazar, , and Tuzla, AFN Europe staff members were pulled Bosnia. from across the network in late-1990 for The network has seen its share operations during the Persian , of sadness as well. Several AFN ser- helping to staff the Desert Shield Network. vicemembers have lost their lives Stations were located near U.S forces in in the line of duty. PFC Walker King Kahalid International Airport, Al Hayduck was killed in a car acci- Jubayl and . AFN was pulling double dent near Heidelberg on Oct. 8, Newsman and weekend DJ Air Force Staff duty since one third of AFN’s European 1946 while on assignment for a Sergeant Steve German (2003) audience was deployed to the Gulf with segment of “Off the Road” radio family members remaining back in Europe, series, and Airman Mike Sutton and Private 12 million GIs, family members, Germans, Belgians, Italians and other Europeans since the end of World War II. In late 1945 an American journalist described AFN as “a composite of incredi- bilities. It was an all-American network that couldn’t be heard in the U.S., its listening audience figures were a military secret, and while all of its broadcasts originated (at the time) in London, it couldn’t be heard on radio sets in London. And although it has no paid commercials, it definitely and proudly plugs America’s finest product: the well-informed, well- entertained, ready-to-fight American ser- vicemen”. As long as U.S. Forces, civilians and their families are serving in Europe, AFN will AFN Frankfurt DJ Army Specialist 5 Ray Tubberville on the air in 1975. Ray retired as a civilian in Feb 2003 with over continue to inform and entertain and bring 20 years of AFN experience, both as a solider and civilian. that little touch of home to the audience.

16 R&R JULY 2003