Selected Bibliography

Ash, Timothy Garton. 2003. Love Death and Treachery. The Guardian Review, June 21. Brown, Gordon. 2002. Maxton. Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing. Bowker, Gordon. 2003. George Orwell. New York: Little Brown. Crick, Bernard. 1980. George Orwell. London: Secker & Warburg. Fyvel, T.R. 1982. George Orwell. New York: Macmillan. Hitchens, Christopher. 2002. Why Orwell Matters. New York: Basic Books. Hitchens, Christopher. 2003. A Long Short War: The Postponed Liberation of Iraq. New York: Slate/Plume Books. Howe, Irving. 1978. Leon Trotsky. New York: Viking Press. Lucas, Scott. 2003. Orwell. London: Haus Publishing. Macdonald, Dwight. 1974. Discriminations, Essays & Afterthoughts 1938–1974. New York: Grossman. Newsinger, John. 1999. Orwell’s Politics. New York: St Martins Press. Orwell, Sonia, and Ian Angus (eds.). 1970. Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell. CEJL, Vols. I–IV. London: Penguin Books. Rodden, John. 2003. Scenes From an Afterlife. Wilmington: ISI Books. Shelden, Michael. 1991. Orwell. New York: Harper Collins. Spurling, Hilary. 2002. The Girl from the Fiction Department. London: Hamish Hamilton. Sumner, Gregory D. 1996. Dwight Macdonald and the Politics Circle. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Wald, Alan M. 1987. The New York Intellectuals. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. Whitfeld, Stephen J. 1984. A Critical American: The Politics of Dwight Macdonald. Hamden: Archon Books.

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 179 I. Williams, Political and Cultural Perceptions of George Orwell, Political Philosophy and Public Purpose, DOI 10.1057/978-1-349-95254-0 180 Selected Bibliography

Williams, Raymond. 1974. George Orwell. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall. Woodcock, George. 1984. The Crystal Spirit. New York: Schocken. Wreszin, Michael. 1994. A Rebel in Defense of Tradition, The Life and Politics of Dwight Macdonald. New York: Basic Books. Wreszin, Michael (ed.). 2001. A Moral Temper, The Letters of Dwight Macdonald. Chicago: Ivan R Dee. Young, John Wesley. 1991. Totalitarian Language. Charlottesville: Virginia University Press. Zwerdling, Alex. 1974. Orwell and the Left. New Haven: Yale University. Index

A Boutros Ghali, 65, 66 Afghanistan, 21, 38, 170, 171 Bradley Manning, 176 Afaq, Michel, 170 Brave New World, 128 Airstrip One, 37–39, 127, 128 Breitbart News, 38 A Long Short War, 166, 169, 173 Brockway, Fenner, 92 Andreas Nin, 94 Bronstein, 135, 141 Anglo-American empiricism, 20, 54, Burgess, 61 121 Burns, Robert, 3 Animal Farm, 2, 17, 18, 34, 50, 54, Bush, 33, 42, 53, 54, 64, 133, 61, 70, 92, 94, 96, 122–124, 145, 146, 152, 155, 165–167, 128, 129, 148, 154, 155, 163 171–173 Annan, Kof, 63, 64, 66, 172 Assad, 166, 177 Atholl, 84 C Attlee, Clement, 147 Campbell, Beatrix, 32 Auden, 47 Carroll, Lewis, 12 Ayatollah, 170 Castro, 15, 16 Catalonia, 15, 92–94, 114 Chalabi, Ahmad, 65 B Chamberlain, Neville, 171 Ba’ath, 170 Charrington, 21 Bellamy, Edward, 128 Chesterton, 47, 48 Berneri, 128 Chiang Ching, 13 Big Brother, 11, 38, 41, 49–53, 59, Chile, 38 60, 62, 147, 153, 155, 177 China, 13, 21, 102–105 Bin Laden, 171 Chou En Lai, 13, 103 Blair, 39, 53, 54, 91, 158, 166, 173 Cliff, Tony, 163 Bolshevik, 17, 24, 101, 114, 131, Clinton, Bill, 91, 155, 158, 165, 168, 133, 134, 136, 139, 140 172

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 181 I. Williams, Political and Cultural Perceptions of George Orwell, Political Philosophy and Public Purpose, DOI 10.1057/978-1-349-95254-0 182 Index

Clintonian, 15 Foucault, 104, 105 Cobbett, William, 28, 47, 87, 88, 118 Four Quartets, 115 Cockburn, 62–67, 70, 74 Fourth International, 14, 111, 155 Cockburn, Alex, 18 Franco, 47 Comintern Futurians, 135 Third International, 80, 93, 164 Fyvel, 49 Communist, 10, 13, 14, 20, 26, 31, 32, 53, 59, 61, 70, 71, 74, 80, 84, 91, 93–95, 97, 104, G 111–116, 123, 133, 134, 146, Gaddaf, 166 148, 153 Gandhi, 24 Comstock, 121 German Democratic Republic, 50 Connelly, 109 Germans, 22 Cook, Robin, 82 Germany, 3, 21, 51, 52, 71, 92–95, Coser, 108, 109 113, 116 Cuba, 15, 16, 21 Gissing, George, 121 Cultural Revolution, 13, 101–103 Godard, 103 Goldstein, 22, 33, 51, 149, 152 Gollancz, 59, 61, 70, 92, 96, D 148 Daily Worker, 20, 32, 148 Gordon Bowker, 124, 145–147 de Mello, Sergio Vieira, 65, 66 Greenberg, Clement, 109, 115 Democratic socialism, 3, 4, 10, 11, 15, 28, 62, 82, 91, 96, 109, 131– 133, 138, 146, 149, 152 H Deutscher, 83 Hapsburg, 176 Dewey Commission, 25, 132 Hard Times, 13, 90, 103 Dickens, 54, 90, 103 Harold Wilson, 39, 165, 172 Dissent, 108, 109, 130 Hayek, 29, 154 Dole, Bob, 165 Henderson, David, 11 Doublethink, 2, 4, 13, 15, 42, 50, 52, Hitch 22, 162, 164, 166 94, 95, 151 Hitchens, Christopher, 3, 10, 24, Dystopia, 37–39, 128 25, 30, 32, 79, 83, 139, 146, 151–158, 161–173 Hitler, 20, 21, 27, 52, 80, 93–95, E 110, 112, 115, 123, 136, 147, Eliot, 115 148, 153, 172 Eton, 149 Home Guard, 94, 116 Hugo, Victor, 53 Hussein, Saddam, 16, 21, 33, 34, 146, F 153, 155, 157, 159, 166, 167, Fake News, 53 170–173 Falklands War, 165 Huxley, Aldous, 128 Index 183

I L ILP, 26, 28, 90–94, 119, 120, 123, Labour, 1, 10, 12–15, 24, 26–28, 39, 128, 148 46, 47, 49, 54, 70, 71, 79, 80, Imperialism, 16, 25, 87, 88, 130, 139, 82, 90–96, 119, 120, 133, 146, 154, 157, 159, 171, 176 147, 154, 164, 165, 176 Iraq, 15, 21, 33, 39, 42, 43, 64, 66, Labour government, 1, 10, 12, 24, 61, 153, 155, 157, 158, 161–167, 69, 70, 79, 80, 93, 96, 97, 108, 169–173 116, 146, 147 Irving Howe, 3, 108, 109, 112, 114, Labour Party, 10, 12–15, 24, 26–28, 120, 130, 131 46, 47, 49, 69, 71, 79, 80, 82, Islam, 139, 141, 170 90–96, 119, 133, 146, 147, 154, Islamo-fascism, 141, 152 164, 165 LBJ, 39, 165, 172 Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich J Lenin, 25, 26, 51, 83, 111, 113, Jack London, 128 123, 133, 134, 136, 137, 147, Jan Kavan, 64 154, 164 Jane Eyre, 13, 103 Leninist, 3, 4, 13–17, 20, 26, 28, Jean Bakewell, 109 34, 49, 54, 71, 79, 80, 91, Jeane Kirkpatrick, 50 111, 130, 133, 137, 147, 154, Jefferson, Thomas, 165 155, 165 Jew, 22, 48, 49, 73, 110, 135 Leninism, 3, 25, 79, 91, 134, 136, John Dewey, 132 154 John Major, 4 Levelers, 118 Johnson, Samuel, 47, 87, 88 Limbaugh, Rush, 138 Julia Kristeva, 103 Lion and the Unicorn, 4 Liverpool, 1, 12, 14, 15, 27, 31, 60, 89, 146, 158, 176 K Looking Backwards, 128 Keir Hardie, 91 Lower upper middle class, 3, 80, 162 Khmer Rouge, 33, 153 Lucas, Scott, 10, 18, 27, 54, 83, 96, Kingsley Martin’s, 175 119, 145, 146 Kirwan, Celia, 70, 147 Luxemburg, Rosa, 51 Kissinger, Henry, 34, 155, 168 Klaus Hopke, 51 Koestler, 25, 136 M Kornbluth, 135 Macdonald, Dwight, 4, 71, 108, 109, Kosovo, 21, 66, 155, 165, 170, 172, 112, 125 176 MacLean, 61 Kronstadt, 113, 123 Manchester Evening News, 72, 123 Krushchev, Nikita, 4 Manichaean dialectic, 3 184 Index

Mao, 13, 102–106, 134 87–98, 101, 102, 107–110, Marx, 89–91, 93, 147 112–125, 127–131, 136, 139, Maxton, 93, 119 141, 142, 145–149, 151–159, McCarthy, 39, 71, 170 161–165, 167, 172, 175–177 Menand, Louis, 23, 24, 30 Orwellian, 2, 4, 9, 11, 12, 15–17, Menshevik, 110 19–21, 26, 33, 42, 50, 51, 53, Militant, 176 70, 88, 107, 121, 145, 146, 155, Milosevic, 33, 66, 153, 158, 164, 166, 158, 164, 173, 177 171, 176 Morris, William, 91, 128 Mosley, Oswald, 19 P Mother Teresa, 155 Paine, Tom, 28 Mumia, 164, 168, 170, 171 Partisan Review, 95, 108–110, 112–117, 119, 123 Philby, 61 N Philips, 110, 112 Nation, 18, 74, 152, 155, 164, 176 Phillips, Morgan, 90 National Health Service, 12 Pohl, 135 Nazi, 21, 52, 71, 92, 93, 95, 113, 116 Politics, 2–4, 10, 12, 14, 17, 20, 24, Neoconservative, 10, 17, 138, 146, 152 27, 47, 50, 55, 70, 84, 90, 91, New Yorker, 23, 30, 129 96, 102, 105, 108–112, 116– New York Times, 10, 42, 146, 176 121, 125, 130, 131, 133, 139, News From Nowhere, 128 146, 172, 173 Newsinger, 83, 91, 92, 114, 115, 122, POUM, 92–94, 148 125 Pound, Ezra, 122 Nineteen Eighty-Four, 2, 4, 11–13, Procrustes, 23 21, 24, 27, 33, 34, 39, 41, Proles, 50, 90 50–52, 60, 70, 82, 92–94, 113, Psmith, 9, 19, 113 125, 128, 129, 148, 149, 152, 155, 163 North Korea, 2, 21, 43, 50, 52 R Nye Bevan, 147 Rahv, 110, 113, 115 Raymond Williams, 32, 53, 83 Revenge Is Sour, 22 O Revolutionary Socialist League, 14 O’Brian, Patrick, 121 Road to Wigan Pier, The, 12, 32, 61, O'Brien, 21, 33, 60, 155, 164 88, 89 Ogilvie, 61, 62 Rodden, 3, 9, 45–55, 98 Orwell, 1–5, 9–34, 37–39, 41–55, Rowse, 83 59–64, 67, 69–72, 74, 75, 79–85, Rubin, 4, 70 Index 185

Rubin, Andrew, 70 Students for a Democratic Society, 134 Runciman, 149 Swift, 53, 87, 88, 118 Russell, Bertrand, 20, 70, 96, 102 Swift-boating, 53 Russian revolution, 122 Synecdochism, 155 Rwanda, 25, 66, 116, 154, 165 Syria, 5, 43, 177

S T Sanders, Bernie, 163 Taliban, 171 Sarajevo, 66 Tel Quel, 102, 103 Sartre, 102, 104, 105 Thant, U, 65 Saxe, J. G., 82 Thatcher, Margaret, 15, 92 Scenes from Afterlife, 45, 46, 55 Third International, 10, 16 Rodden, John, 45 Thought Police, 38, 52, 53 Schoenman, Ralph, 102 Thoughtcrime, 15, 16, 26, 38, 42, 43, Serge, 117 60, 71, 97, 151, 155, 170 Shachtman, 111, 137, 138 Tory Anarchist, 87, 88, 90 Sharon, 34, 152, 155, 173 Totalitarian, 50 Shiller, Robert, 11 Tribune, 12, 14, 17, 26, 37, 41, 71, Smith, Winston, 21, 42, 51, 52, 90, 83, 93, 95, 96, 108, 119, 121, 123 145–147, 175 Smollet, 61, 148 Trotsky, 3, 4, 15, 17, 24, 25, 54, 79, Snowden, Edward, 176 80, 83, 92, 94, 107, 111–113, Socialism, 24, 26–28, 53, 82, 84, 91, 122, 123, 125, 129, 131–142, 96, 108, 122, 129 147, 154, 155, 173 Socialist Party, 111, 120, 133, 170 Trotskyism, 25, 79, 108, 114, 115, Socialist Workers Party, 111, 112, 163 132–134, 137–139, 141, 154 Soviet Union, 4, 13, 16, 17, 21, 24, Trotskyist, 10, 14, 17, 24, 29, 46, 73, 25, 28, 32, 42, 44, 53, 69, 71, 83, 92, 94, 95, 109–112, 114, 83, 94–96, 102, 108, 111–114, 122, 133, 139, 141, 146, 154, 123, 124, 132, 134, 138, 140, 157, 158, 171, 172 141, 153–155, 170, 176 Trump, 2, 38, 43, 145, 146 Spain, 5, 26, 33, 43, 71, 72, 92, 93, 20th Congress, 32, 70, 153 114, 116, 117, 148, 149, 152, 153, 175–177 Srebrenica, 66 U Stalin Upward, Edward, 121 Stalinism, 4, 17, 20, 21, 25, 27, 32, US, 1, 3, 11, 15, 21, 38, 39, 42, 43, 33, 51, 64, 70, 80, 83, 84, 92, 48, 52, 54, 62, 64–67, 71, 73, 94, 95, 109, 114, 133–138, 82, 120, 121, 123, 131, 138, 147–149, 152–155, 163, 172 141, 162, 163, 166, 172, 176 Stalinist, 13, 79, 134, 137, 138 USSR, 4, 20, 52, 73, 83, 95, 113, 153 186 Index

V Woodcock, 72, 97, 118, 119 Vietnam, 38, 39, 65, 165, 170, 172 Workers Party, 111, 114 Vonnegut, 33 World of Our Fathers, 135 Vukovar, 66 World Trade Center, 33, 169, 171 Vyshinsky, Andre, 62

Z W Zamyatin, Yevgeny, 128 Wallace, 121 Zionism, 48, 49 Welfare State, 92, 116 Wells, H.G., 128 Wigan, 12, 32, 61, 88–90, 93, 118 Wodehouse, 19, 20, 113, 121 Wolfowitz, Paul, 167 Wolin, Richard, 101, 102