DOCSLIB.ORG

Marine Protection Targets: an Updated Assessment of Global Progress

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Marine Protection Targets: an Updated Assessment of Global Progress Marine protection targets: an updated assessment of global progress L ISA B OONZAIER and D ANIEL P AULY Abstract Despite the considerable expansion in the number recently, participants at the World Parks Congress re- and extent of marine protected areas during the past cen- commended that % of the ocean be protected from tury, coverage remains limited amid concerns that many extractive activities (IUCN, ), an ambitious but non- marine protected areas are failing to meet their objectives. binding conservation target reinforcing the earlier recom- New estimates of global marine protected area, based on mendation of the World Parks Congress for –% the database maintained by Sea Around Us, revealed a de- of the oceans to be no-take areas (IUCN, ). gree of progress towards protecting at least % of the global Overall, progress towards meeting international targets ocean by . It is estimated that . , marine protected has been slow and targets have not been met (Wood et al., areas, covering c. .%( million km ) of the oceans, had ; Toropova et al., ; Wood, ; Veitch et al., ). been designated by the end of . However, protection is Since the mid s there has been a dramatic increase in generally weak, with c. one-sixth (. million km ) of the the protection of large areas of ocean, which could influence combined area designated as no-take areas (i.e. fishing trends in the growth of protected areas. In New and other extractive activities are prohibited). Additional Caledonia declared the ,, km Natural Park of the large tracts of ocean will need to be protected to reach the Coral Sea, and the USA expanded the Pacific Remote % target, and we investigate hypothetical scenarios for Islands Marine National Monument from , to such expansion. Such scenarios offer a one-dimensional ,, km . The previous year Australia established the measure of progress as they do not address aspects of , km Coral Sea Commonwealth Marine Reserve, other global targets, such as Aichi Target , which will and South Africa legally designated the Prince Edward help to ensure that marine protected areas meet their objec- Islands Marine Protected Area, adding , km to glo- tives and achieve conservation outcomes. bal coverage. Other large marine protected areas are in the planning stages and are due to be designated in the near Keywords Aichi target , biodiversity, conservation target, future (Table ). global, international policy, marine protected area, no-take A comprehensive assessment of marine protected area area coverage shows an increase to .% of the global ocean in (Spalding et al., ), from .%in (Wood et al., ). The area of protected ocean within Exclusive Economic Zones increased from .% (Wood et al., ) Introduction to .% (Spalding et al., ) during –. However, arine protected areas are one of many tools for pro- significant expansion in marine protected area is required tecting the marine environment, and a number of to reach the % coverage target of the Convention on M international targets have been set to encourage their estab- Biological Diversity by . lishment. In , Parties to the Convention on Biological The utility of global percentage targets has been ques- Diversity adopted the Aichi Targets, Target of which tioned (e.g. Margules & Pressey, ; Agardy et al., ; commits participating countries to conserving at least % Wood, ; De Santo, ). Although designation of of coastal and marine areas by ‘through effectively marine protected areas is not sufficient to ensure effective and equitably managed, ecologically representative and conservation, it is a first step, and protected area extent is well-connected systems of protected areas and other effect- a simple, comprehensible and quantifiable metric that has ive area-based conservation measures...integrated into the been chosen by the international community to encourage wider landscapes and seascapes‘ (CBD, ). More conservation action. The objectives of this research are to in- vestigate the extent of designated marine protected areas by providing an updated estimate of global marine protected area, both total and no-take, and assessing the feasibility LISA BOONZAIER* (Corresponding author) Save Our Seas Foundation, 28 Main of protecting % of global marine areas by . Road, Kalk Bay, 7975, South Africa. E-mail [email protected] DANIEL PAULY Sea Around Us, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Methods *Also at: Sea Around Us, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Received March . Revision requested May . The methods used are largely based on those of Wood et al. Accepted June . First published online October . (). This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence Downloaded(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP whichaddress: permits 170.106.33.19 unrestricted, on re-use, 25 Sep distribution, 2021 at 10:33:42 and reproduction, subject to in the any Cambridge medium, provided Core terms the originalof use, workavailable is properly at cited. https://www.cambridge.org/core/termsOryx, 2016, 50(1), 27–35 © 2015. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605315000848 Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S0030605315000848 28 L. Boonzaier and D. Pauly TABLE 1 Large marine protected areas proposed for establishment within Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ), with their location, size, con- tribution to global coverage, and description. The table does not present confirmed or prescriptive information about the proposed marine protected areas but outlines a possible scenario for future increase in coverage. Contribution to Size global coverage Location (103 km2) (103 km2) Description Ascension 442 442 EEZ, excluding inner fishing area1 Bermuda 254 254 EEZ, excluding inner fishing area2 Cook Islands 1,065 1,065 Almost half of EEZ3 Easter Island 714 564 EEZ, excluding an inner fishing area proposed to extend 20–60 km from shore4 French Polynesia 700 700 Waters around Marquesas Islands5 Kermadec Islands 678 0 Entire EEZ already designated a benthic protection area6 Palau 604 604 Entire EEZ7 Pitcairn Islands 834 834 EEZ, excluding inner fishing area extending 12 nm (22 km) from shore8 South Georgia & the 532 0 EEZ north of 60° latitude, already an IUCN South Sandwich Islands category VI marine protected area9 Total 5,823 4,463 Estimated marine area based on the inner fishing area extending to nm ( km; RSPB, ) Estimated marine area based on the inner fishing area extending to nm ( km), representing the midpoint of three marine protected area options presented by the Government of Bermuda () MPA News (); Marae Moana () Estimated marine area based on the inner fishing area extending to c. km, representing the midpoint of the proposed areas (The Pew Charitable Trusts, ) MPA News (b) The Pew Charitable Trusts (a) Marianas Variety () At the time of submission of this article, budget had been allocated to this marine protected area; The Pew Charitable Trusts (b) A. Gammell, Global Ocean Legacy, The Pew Charitable Trusts, pers. comm. Database definition does not refer to the marine environment specif- ically. Whereas the updated definition was relied upon to The global database of marine protected areas originally differentiate between protected areas and areas declared developed by Wood et al. ( ) and maintained by Sea for extractive uses (Dudley, ), the definition speci- Around Us ( ) was updated and expanded using a variety fies the criterion for a marine rather than a terrestrial pro- of data sources, including national inventories, other tected area. As per Wood et al. (), this definition was protected area databases, legislation, management plans, applied by reviewing whether the legal boundary of a site ex- peer-reviewed and grey literature, and direct communica- tended seawards of the mean high-water mark. Other cri- tion with local experts. Some sites were deleted as teria for inclusion in the database are outlined in Wood non-qualifying marine protected areas (based on their not et al. (). conforming to the two widely accepted definitions of marine protected areas below), . site details were updated and . , records were added. Marine protected area coverage The criterion originally used for inclusion of marine pro- tected areas in the database (Wood et al., ) was based on Global marine protected area was estimated based on all mar- the IUCN definition: ‘Any area of intertidal or subtidal ine protected areas in the database up to the end of , with terrain, together with its overlying water and associated the addition of the two large areas of ocean, each . million flora, fauna, historical and cultural features, which has km , protected during . These are New Caledonia’s been reserved by law or other effective means to protect Natural Park of the Coral Sea and the expanded area of the part or all of the enclosed environment’ (Kelleher, ). U.S. Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument, This has since been superseded by a new definition: ‘A clear- both established within Exclusive Economic Zones. Although ly defined geographical space, recognized, dedicated and the database does not include all marine protected areas estab- managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve lished up to the end of , ensuring inclusion of the largest the long-term conservation of nature with associated eco- ones was a priority as these represent a disproportionately system services and cultural values’ (Dudley, ). This large percentage of global coverage. Oryx, 2016,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Introduction to Eu External Action
    UNITED NATIONS UNEP/MED WG.450/Inf.3 UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME MEDITERRANEAN ACTION PLAN 25 June 2018 Original: English Regional Meeting on IMAP Implementation: Best Practices, Gaps and Common Challenges Rome, Italy, 10-12 July 2018 Agenda item 4: Supporting Resource Mobilization for IMAP Implementation A Funding Strategy for the implementation of the Ecosystem Approach in the Mediterranean, with a special emphasis on the implementation needs of the Integrated Monitoring and Assessment Programme in the Southern Mediterranean For environmental and economic reasons, this document is printed in a limited number. Delegates are kindly requested to bring their copies to meetings and not to request additional copies. UNEP/MAP Athens, 2018 A FUNDING STRATEGY FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ECOSYSTEM APPROACH IN THE MEDITERRANEAN, WITH A SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION NEEDS OF THE INTEGRATED MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT PROGRAMME IN THE SOUTHERN MEDITERRANEAN Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary 2. Introduction: The implementation needs of the Ecosystem Approach in the Mediterranean and the overall objective of the draft Ecosystem Approach Funding Strategy: 2.1. Overall policy framework for Ecosystem Approach in the Mediterranean 2.2. Ecosystem Approach Roadmap under the UN Environment/MAP-Barcelona Convention 2.3. Key implementation needs 3. Specific implementation needs of the Southern Mediterranean Countries: Capacity Assessment of IMAP implementation needs of Southern Mediterranean (EcAp-MEDII project beneficiaries) countries (Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia): 3.1. Algeria 3.2. Egypt 3.3. Israel 3.4. Lebanon 3.5. Libya 3.6. Morocco 3.7. Tunisia 4. Funding opportunities for the implementation of the Ecosystem Approach/IMAP in the Mediterranean under the EU MFF: 4.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate-Driven Deoxygenation Elevates Fishing Vulnerability for The
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Climate-driven deoxygenation elevates fishing vulnerability for the ocean’s widest ranging shark Marisa Vedor1,2, Nuno Queiroz1,3†*, Gonzalo Mucientes1,4, Ana Couto1, Ivo da Costa1, Anto´ nio dos Santos1, Frederic Vandeperre5,6,7, Jorge Fontes5,7, Pedro Afonso5,7, Rui Rosa2, Nicolas E Humphries3, David W Sims3,8,9†* 1CIBIO/InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agra´rio de Vaira˜ o, Vaira˜ o, Portugal; 2MARE, Laborato´rio Marı´timo da Guia, Faculdade de Cieˆncias da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, Cascais, Portugal; 3Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, United Kingdom; 4Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı´ficas (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain; 5IMAR – Institute of Marine Research, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Ac¸ores, Horta, Portugal; 6MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Cieˆncias da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; 7Okeanos - Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Ac¸ores, Horta, Portugal; 8Centre for Biological Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; 9Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Waterfront Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom *For correspondence: [email protected] (NQ); Abstract Climate-driven expansions of ocean hypoxic zones are predicted to concentrate [email protected] (DWS) pelagic fish in oxygenated surface layers, but how expanding hypoxia and fisheries will interact to affect threatened pelagic sharks remains unknown. Here, analysis of satellite-tracked blue sharks †These authors contributed equally to this work and environmental modelling in the eastern tropical Atlantic oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) shows shark maximum dive depths decreased due to combined effects of decreasing dissolved oxygen Competing interests: The (DO) at depth, high sea surface temperatures, and increased surface-layer net primary production.
    [Show full text]
  • Science for Sustainable Marine Bioresources
    - SCIENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE MARINE BIORESOURCES A report for the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), the Department of Environment, Fisheries and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) and the Scottish Executive for Environment and Rural Affairs (SEERAD) Manuel Barange GLOBEC International Project Office Plymouth Marine Laboratory Prospect Place Plymouth PL1 3DH [email protected] May 2005 CONTENTS Executive Summary page 3 1. Introduction page 5 2. Why a research activity on sustainable Marine Bioresources page 6 2.1. Scientific drivers page 7 2.2. Policy drivers page 8 2.3. Structural drivers page 9 3. State of the research on Marine Bioresources in the UK page 11 4. Principles behind a new research activity page 15 5. A scientific programme for the Marine Ecosystem Research Partnership (MERP) page 18 5.1. Module 1 page 21 5.2. Module 2 page 25 5.3. Module 3 page 29 5.4. Module 4 page 34 5.5. Module 5 page 39 6. Implementation strategy page 41 7. The international context page 45 8. Conclusions page 48 9. Acknowledgements page 49 10. References page 50 11. Appendix page 56 11.1. Appendix 1: Terms of reference page 57 11.2. Appendix 2: Scoping forms page 58 2 Executive Summary The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) and the Scottish Executive Environment and Rural Affairs Department (SEERAD) commissioned a study to explore the possibility for improvements in the science supporting current and future management needs in the area of Marine Bioresources1. The study was endorsed by English Nature (EN), Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH), Joint National Conservation Committee (JNCC), the National Federation of Fishermen’s Organisation (NFFO) and the Department of Agriculture & Rural Development in Northern Ireland (DARDNI).
    [Show full text]
  • Save Our Seas Foundation Press
    BREAKING NEWS : 28 AUGUST 2019 1/2 ENDANGERED SHARK AND RAY SPECIES RECEIVE GLOBAL SUPPORT AT CITES CONFERENCE IN GENEVA Geneva, Switzerland – Since August 17, most of the 183 member nations of the Convention on Sharks and rays are essential for the overall health International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild of our oceans, helping to maintain marine ecosystem Fauna and Floras (CITES) have been debating trade balance. The added trade regulations for these regulations for numerous endangered species at species comes at a crucial time. Across their range, their eighteenth Conference of Parties (CoP18). The they have all been declining at alarming rates, with Geneva-based Save Our Seas Foundation (an extinction already taking place in some areas. When organization supporting shark and ray research and shark and ray population disturbances like this take conservation projects across the globe) has been in place it can lead to unforeseen consequences, such attendance throughout the conference alongside as the collapse of fisheries. some of its key project leaders. “The increase in shark and ray Appendix II listings On Sunday, August 25th, a long-awaited victory was from 29 to 47 at this year’s Conference of Parties achieved when Committee 1 of CITES approved demonstrates a stronger willingness from countries Appendix II listings for endangered mako sharks to stand up for the many critically endangered fish (72% Parties voted in favour), all 10 species of species,” explained Aurélie Grospiron, Director of wedgefishes (78% in favour), and six species of giant Communication of Save Our Seas Foundation. guitarfishes (79%). Well-regarded for its strong “Since 2017, we’ve been dedicating more of our benefits, an Appendix II listing is an international resources towards research and conservation ruling aimed at securing legal, sustainable, traceable projects related to shark-like ray species, including international trade, and encourages stronger sawfish, giant guitarfish and wedgefish, because of fisheries regulations across the globe.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Environmental Variables on the Presence of White
    The Influence of Environmental Variables on the Presence of White Sharks, Carcharodon carcharias at Two Popular Cape Town Bathing Beaches: A Generalized Additive Mixed Model Kay Weltz1*, Alison A. Kock1,2, Henning Winker1, Colin Attwood1, Monwabisi Sikweyiya2 1 Marine Research Institute and Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa, 2 Shark Spotters, Fish Hoek, Cape Town, South Africa Abstract Shark attacks on humans are high profile events which can significantly influence policies related to the coastal zone. A shark warning system in South Africa, Shark Spotters, recorded 378 white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) sightings at two popular beaches, Fish Hoek and Muizenberg, during 3690 six-hour long spotting shifts, during the months September to May 2006 to 2011. The probabilities of shark sightings were related to environmental variables using Binomial Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMMs). Sea surface temperature was significant, with the probability of shark sightings increasing rapidly as SST exceeded 14uC and approached a maximum at 18uC, whereafter it remains high. An 8 times (Muizenberg) and 5 times (Fish Hoek) greater likelihood of sighting a shark was predicted at 18uC than at 14uC. Lunar phase was also significant with a prediction of 1.5 times (Muizenberg) and 4 times (Fish Hoek) greater likelihood of a shark sighting at new moon than at full moon. At Fish Hoek, the probability of sighting a shark was 1.6 times higher during the afternoon shift compared to the morning shift, but no diel effect was found at Muizenberg. A significant increase in the number of shark sightings was identified over the last three years, highlighting the need for ongoing research into shark attack mitigation.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Dynamics and Expanded Vertical Niche of Blue Sharks in Oceanographic Fronts Reveal Habitat Targets for Conservation
    Spatial Dynamics and Expanded Vertical Niche of Blue Sharks in Oceanographic Fronts Reveal Habitat Targets for Conservation Nuno Queiroz1,2, Nicolas E. Humphries1,4, Leslie R. Noble3, Anto´ nio M. Santos2, David W. Sims1,5,6* 1 Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, United Kingdom, 2 CIBIO – U.P., Centro de Investigac¸a˜o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gene´ticos, Campus Agra´rio de Vaira˜o, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, Vaira˜o, Portugal, 3 School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom, 4 School of Marine Science and Engineering, Marine Institute, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom, 5 Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom, 6 Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom Abstract Dramatic population declines among species of pelagic shark as a result of overfishing have been reported, with some species now at a fraction of their historical biomass. Advanced telemetry techniques enable tracking of spatial dynamics and behaviour, providing fundamental information on habitat preferences of threatened species to aid conservation. We tracked movements of the highest pelagic fisheries by-catch species, the blue shark Prionace glauca, in the North-east Atlantic using pop-off satellite-linked archival tags to determine the degree of space use linked to habitat and to examine vertical niche. Overall, blue sharks moved south-west of tagging sites (English Channel; southern Portugal), exhibiting pronounced site fidelity correlated with localized productive frontal areas, with estimated space-use patterns being significantly different from that of random walks.
    [Show full text]
  • SOSF 2020 Annual Report
    SAVE OUR SEAS FOUNDATION ANNUAL REPORT 2020 SAVE OUR SEAS FOUNDATION ANNUAL REPORT 2020 “AS LONG AS THERE ARE PEOPLE WHO CARE AND TAKE ACTION, WE CAN AND WILL MAKE A DIFFERENCE.” THE FOUNDER | SAVE OUR SEAS FOUNDATION An oceanic manta ray in the Revil- lagigedo Archipelago National Park, Mexico. CONTENTS 02 FOUNDER’S STATEMENT 07 CEO’S FOREWORD 12 17 YEARS OF THE SAVE OUR SEAS FOUNDATION 14 WHERE WE WORK 16 OUR CENTRES 18 D’Arros Research Centre 24 Shark Education Centre 36 Shark Research Center 46 OUR PARTNERS 48 Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation 58 The Manta Trust 68 Shark Spotters 78 The North Coast Cetacean Society 88 The Acoustic Tracking Array Platform 98 PROJECT LEADERS 100 Small grant projects 110 Keystone projects | Continuation 118 Keystone projects | New 122 COMMUNICATION PROJECTS 132 OUR TEAM 140 FUNDING SUMMARY 140 Centres, partners and sponsorships 141 Index A: all projects funded in 2020 in alphabetical order 142 Index B: all projects funded in 2020 by type 144 Credits A group of whitetip reef sharks resting together on a ledge. CEO’S FOREWORD This year has not been the one any of us expected. As I write to reflect on 2020 amidst another lockdown, it is very hard to imagine a time before the current pandemic brought the world to a standstill. It has been a difficult period, with unparalleled loss for many. But there is hope. Vaccines are rolling out and we continue to adapt. Humanity is resourceful, and it has been humbling to witness the tremendous goodwill and sense of community as people work together to make this better.
    [Show full text]
  • Science for Sustainable Marine Bioresources
    SCIENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE MARINE BIORESOURCES A report for the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), the Department of Environment, Fisheries and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) and the Scottish Executive for Environment and Rural Affairs (SEERAD) Manuel Barange GLOBEC International Project Office Plymouth Marine Laboratory Prospect Place, Plymouth PL1 3DH [email protected] May 2005 RE-FORMATTED VERSION, APPENDICES ONLY For referencing, use version with original page-numbering at: http://www.nerc.ac.uk/research/emergingops/bioresources/documents/scoping_study_final_report.pdf APPENDIX 1: Terms of reference of the scoping study Purpose: To carry out a scoping study to identify the new areas of fundamental underpinning science, and possible modes of implementation/partnerships, required to achieve a step-change improvement in the sustainable ecosystem-based management of marine bioresources. Deliverables: A written ~10,000-word report (excluding annexes) to: 1. Provide a brief overview of the science that is being done by the UK into understanding the sustainable use and ecosystem based management of marine bioresources (focusing on fish and shellfish stocks), and an indication of how the various sectors work together to link science and policy. 2. Describe the current and likely future issues in marine bioresource sustainability in UK and European shelf/slope and estuarine waters, and identify key new areas of underpinning science required to address them, drawing on experiences and relevant science from the Southern Ocean and developing-country waters, as appropriate. 3. Explore the relevance of, and potential for, involvement of the social and economic science sectors and to present an informed view as to: a. The key science areas and players in the social and economic sciences that would be relevant to this study area.
    [Show full text]
  • Coral Reefs, Climate Change and Resilience an Agenda for Action from the IUCN World Conservation Congress in Barcelona, Spain David Obura & Gabriel Grimsditch
    Coral Reefs, Climate Change and Resilience An Agenda for Action from the IUCN World Conservation Congress in Barcelona, Spain David Obura & Gabriel Grimsditch IUCN RESILIENCE SCIENCE WORKING GROUP PAPER SERIES - NO 6 IUCN Global Marine Programme Founded in 1958, IUCN (the International Union for the Conservation of Nature) brings together states, government agencies and a diverse range of non-governmental organizations in a unique world partnership: over 100 members in all spread across some 140 countries. As a Union, IUCN seeks to influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve the integrity and diversity of nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable. The IUCN Global Marine Programme provides vital linkages for the Union and its members to all the IUCN activities that deal with marine issues, including projects and initiatives of the Regional offices and the six IUCN Commissions. The IUCN Global Marine Programme works on issues such as integrate coastal and marine management, fisheries, marine protected areas, large marine ecosystems, coral reefs, marine invasives and protection of high and deep seas. Acknowledgements The workshops and publication of this document were made possible by a grant from the John D and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation to the IUCN Climate Change and Coral Reefs working group. Editors David Obura Director, CORDIO East Africa/Chair, IUCN Climate Change and Coral Reefs working group Gabriel Grimsditch IUCN Global Marine Programme/Climate Change and Coral Reefs working group Contributors Tundi Agardy Director, Marine Ecosystems and Management (MEAM) Kent Carpenter Director, Global Marine Species Assessment.
    [Show full text]
  • Transatlantic Migration and Deep Mid-Ocean Diving by Basking Shark
    Biol. Lett. 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0147 Two basking sharks were tagged with MK10 pop-up archival Published online transmitting (PAT) tags (Wildlife Computers, Redmond, USA) off the southwest Isle of Man, under licence from the Department Marine biology of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF), Isle of Man. Each tag was attached via a short nylon leader to a dart at the base of the dorsal fin, and was able to measure water temperature from K40 to 608C(G0.058C) and depth to more than 1500 m (0–1000G Transatlantic migration and 0.05 m, 1000–1500G0.1 m), as well as light levels (as irradiance in WcmK2 at 550 nm wavelength). Data were recorded as frequency deep mid-ocean diving by histograms in 12 hour time periods to provide day and night series within the UTM time zone, stored in 14 linear bins ranging from less basking shark than 1 to more than 1000 m in depth and from 1–38C to greater than 158C in temperature. A depth protection device was fitted to the Mauvis A. Gore1,2,*, David Rowat1,3, Jackie Hall4, tether that would release the tag at depths in excess of 1800 m. The 5 2,6 length of the sharks was measured against the markers established on Fiona R. Gell and Rupert F. Ormond the boat when alongside the shark for tagging. 1University Marine Biological Station, Millport, Isle of Cumbrae Following tag detachment from the shark (set for 100 days), data KA28 0EG, UK were transmitted to Argos receivers on NOAA satellites.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2015 Table of Contents
    ANNUAL REPORT 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS SEE 2 LETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR WHAT’S 4 HIGHLIGHTS INSIDE 6 PUBLICATIONS 8 BY THE NUMBERS 9 IN THE FIELD 11 RESEARCH 16 INSIDE SRC his document is a report summarizing Tthe achievements and progress of the 18 SRC ALUMNI University of Miami’s Shark Research and Conservation Program (SRC) in 2015. 20 SCIENCE 23 EDUCATION 24 OUTREACH 26 SPECIAL GUESTS 27 SUPPORT SRC is a joint initiative of the Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) and the Leonard and Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy (CESP) at the University of REDITS Miami. 31 C 2 11 LETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR Dear SRC Friends, Colleagues and Supporters, The mission of the University of Miami’s Shark Research and Conservation Program (SRC) is to advance ocean conservation and scientific literacy by conducting cutting edge scientific This past year was one of our most successful to date. We research and providing innovative and meaningful outreach opportunities for students through continued our shark research surveys in Miami, Palm Beach, exhilarating hands-on research and virtual learning experiences in marine biology. Focusing South Africa and the Bahamas. During 61 days of sampling primarily on the study and conservation of sharks, the Program’s full-immersion approach allows in Miami, we captured, sampled, and tagged 323 sharks students to actively grow as future scientists. of 12 different species! We also started new shark research projects in Japan, the Galapagos, and Brazil. Our Rescue A Reef program also achieved great things – 8 expeditions, in which 77 citizen scientists out-planted 421 corals, creating 147 meters of new coral reef off Miami.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Network Analysis of Partner Preference in Lemon Sharks
    Coastal Carolina University CCU Digital Commons Electronic Theses and Dissertations College of Graduate Studies and Research 5-15-2015 Social Network Analysis of Partner Preference in Lemon Sharks, Negaprion brevirostris, During the Introduction of Unfamiliars to Familiar Groups Bryan Keller Coastal Carolina University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.coastal.edu/etd Part of the Behavior and Ethology Commons Recommended Citation Keller, Bryan, "Social Network Analysis of Partner Preference in Lemon Sharks, Negaprion brevirostris, During the Introduction of Unfamiliars to Familiar Groups" (2015). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 27. https://digitalcommons.coastal.edu/etd/27 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Graduate Studies and Research at CCU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of CCU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Social Network Analysis of Partner Preference in Lemon Sharks, Negaprion brevirostris, During the Introduction of Unfamiliars to Familiar Groups May 2015 This thesis is available for library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has been previously submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. Signature: Committee members: __________ ____________ Daniel Abel Richard Viso _______________ ____________ Tristan Guttridge Sharon Gilman ii Acknowledgements I would like to specifically thank my co-authors for their assistance throughout the entire project.
    [Show full text]