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Socio-Economic Survey Report Gulf of Papua Prawn Fishery

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Socio-Economic Survey Report Gulf of Papua Prawn Fishery Socio-economic Survey Report Gulf Of Papua Prawn Fishery- REBYC II CTI Project. Prepared by R. Unasi for National Fisheries Authority. P.O.Box 1313, c/Flat 5 Amukele Estates, June Valley, Nations Capital District Ph:+675 71122815, email: [email protected] Table of Contents List of tables and figures…………………………………………………………….…………..2 Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………………………..3 Acronyms………………………………………………………………………………………....3 1.0 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………..5 2.0 Introduction………………………………………………………………………….......7 o Gulf of Papua Prawn Fishery overview……………………………………………………………………………….7 o Types of trawl vessels and gear. ................................................................................................. 8 o National Prawn Fishery Economic Overview ........................................................................... 8 o Management-Monitoring, Control and Surveillance .............................................................. 12 3.0 Study Site andstakeholders………….……………………………………………..………13 o Crew on board prawn trawlers................................................................................................... 16 o Government and technical officers ........................................................................................... 16 4.0 Methodology………………..…………..………………………………………………….....................................................16 o Study Design ................................................................................................................................ 16 o Study Instruments/Questionnaires……………………………………………………….………………………………..…17 o Sample Size Selection................................................................................................................. 18 o Data Collection- Approach………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………..19 Enumerators……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..20 5.0 Results and Discussion……...……………………………………………...……………….Error! Bookmark not defined. o Results-Stakeholder analyses…………………………………………………………………………………………………….21 o Persons per household ................................................................................................................ 23 o Age class of respondents………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………24 o Sex ratio ......................................................................................................................................... 24 o Education level of community respondents……………………………………………………………………..……….25 o Access to education facility……………………………………………………………………………………………………….26 o Christian church affiliation of respondents……………………………………………………………………………….27 o Income sources of GoP community respondents………………………………………………………………………27 o Bycatch/Discards use and value………………………………………………………………………………………………..28 1 | Pagei_GoP Report_2016 o Income from bycatch sales/utilisation……….……………………………………………………………………………..29 o Species composition of bycatch/discards…………………..…………………………………..…31 o Stakeholder views of enforcement, monitoring and surveillance policy…………………...…….32 o Role of women………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………….33 6.0 Conclusion and Recommendation…….……………………………………………..34 o Recommendations……...………………………………………………………………35 7.0 Limitations of the study……………………………..………………………………..36 Appendices 1. Study Terms of Reference 2. Questionnaires and community interview guide. List of Tables Table 1. Type of vessels operating in the Gulf Of Papau. Table 2: Prawn Export Volume (mt) and Value (USD & PGK) by years 1990 – 2011 Table.3. Community/Village visited during survey period and basic social indicators. Table 4. Summary of question type on questionnaire and target group. Table 5. National Census data for the LLG's visited in this survey. Table 6. Table showing actual allocation of questionnaires against completed sets. Table 7. Table showing community entry method and data collection approach. Table 8.Illustrates additional information on the three stakeholder group consulted. Table 9. Persons per household Table10. Age group and frequency of respondents. Table 11. Respondents Education Level Table 12. Frequency of respondents Christian church affiliation. Table 13. Summary of type of questions and responses category of micro-economic activity Table 14. Weekly income from bycatch sales and its frequency of earnings per category. Table 15. Table of bycatch/discard fish species distribution by percentage. List of Figures Figure 1: Prawn export value between 1990 and 2011. Figure 2: Annual catch and effort with catch rate (CPUE) for ALL species. Figure 3: Peak season for all prawn species. Figure 4: Gulf of Papua Prawn Fishery Study Site. 2 | Pagei_GoP Report_2016 Figure 5: Distribution chain of bycactch Acknowledgement I am greatly indebted to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Papua New Guinea National Fisheries Authority (NFA), specifically the Prawns and Lobster Management section for giving me the opportunity to work in this Project. Officers of National Fisheries Authority in Port Moresby have provided invaluable insight and guidance in executing this Project along with logistical support from FAO PNG country office. I am additionally indebted to numerous people who contributed to conducting the survey and provided valuable information and contribution that enabled me to compile this Report. Firstly I want to acknowledge the contributions from the team members who were involved in phase 1 and 2 of the survey (Gulf Province fishery staff), Mr. Biatus Bito and Mr. Mezin Eseme for data collection, data entry and literature reviews critique. Finally, a big thank you to the REBYC- II CTI project management team from SEAFDEC, FAO and NFA for your patience and understanding. 3 | Pagei_GoP Report_2016 Acronyms ALC automatic location communicator BRD bycatch reduction device CPUE catch per unit effort CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CTI Coral Triangle Initiative DoW Department of Works EEZ exclusive economic zone FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FIA Fishing Industry Association (FIA) FPIC free, prior and informed consent GEF Global Environment Facility GoP Gulf of Papua GOPPF Gulf of Papua Prawn Fishery GoPNG Government of Papua New Guinea GPFDP Gulf Province Fisheries Development Plan LLG local level government MEY maximum economic yield MSY maximum sustainable yield NFA National Fisheries Authority NFB National Fisheries Board PNG Papua New Guinea REBYC Bycatch Reduction Technologies and Change of Management SME small and medium enterprise TED turtle excluder device ToR terms of reference UN United Nations VMS Vessel Monitoring System 4 | Pagei_GoP Report_2016 Abstract Gulf of Papua Prawn Fisheries (GoPPF) has come a long way since its development in the early years preceding Papua New Guinea’s independence from Australia. It started in 1969 and became PNG’s largest export fisheries apart from tuna. Prawn alone contributes significantly to the economy annually, earning between K2.5 million to K28 million or US$ 1.5 to US$ 11.5 million per annum. In fact, PNG’s prawn industry is very small compared to other countries in Asia. This is due to management regimes that limit all trawlers operating each season at 15 for the Gulf of Papua region (GoP). Over the course of the years, there is concern for ecological well-being of the GoP marine ecosystem including other similar ecosystems within the Asia-Pacific region. This ecosystem is pristine with kilometers of estuary, mangroves with nipa palm and associated wetland forest. The pristine ecosystem provides perfect spawning environment for shrimp and brackish water fish species such as barramundi, black bass and mud crabs amongst others. Given this background GoPPF management plan (first drafted in 1998) determines sustainable use of the shrimp resource within the region. However, over time certain management measures have not taken into consideration current technological changes in fishing methods, gear and other thematic threats that compromise the marine ecosystem. The Strategies for trawl fisheries bycatch management project (REBYC-II CTI) has provided the avenue to re-look at the way GoPPF has been operating in consultation with relevant government, local authority and community interest groups. Within the facets of this program, fundamental areas of assessment within the marine ecosystem of GoP needed extensive social, economic and cultural study. The outcomes of the enquiry will guide specific policy changes, if need be. A survey team was mobilized in October 2015 and again in November-December 2015 to carry out a survey into coastal communities of the GoP, specifically enquiring with local stakeholders on social and economic profiles of the GoPPF industry. Findings of the survey contained herein determined aspects of the community’s social and economic outlook targeting: income level from bycatch utilization amongst other income sources; views on prawn trawling and its associated activities as a whole; involvement of women in the fishery sector within the GoP; baseline household and biodata information; involvement with government and other state players; opinion on level of assistance forthcoming from relevant authorities including NFA (National Fisheries Authority) and provincial officers amongst others. Twenty-one communities from three Local Level Government (LLG) areas of Kerema district were covered in this survey. A total of 300 community consultation guide (interview schedule) with another 50 questionnaires each
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