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2012 / Urban Development Report BAUSTEIN 1/12 BAUSTEIN 1/12 english Content

Foreword 5

Urban development as a strategic process 6

Europe and the Region 8

Population 10

Residential 11

Business & Employment 14

Retail 17

Transport & Mobility 19

Greened Recreational Areas & the Environment 21

Urban Development & the Face of the City 23

Mission Statement for Urban Development in Frankfurt/Main 25

Imprint 26 Foreword

With a population of some 700,000, Frankfurt/ The overall objective is to advance all of these Main is the fifth biggest city in and an functions, be it in connection with Frankfurt as a important business hub both at the national and business hub or with Frankfurt as a city offering a international level. superb quality of life, under the aegis of climate and environmental protection and ongoing urban Frankfurt is prospering, something which is reflec- development. For this reason the City of Frankfurt ted in the steady growth in the number of people has for some time been championing the concept living in the city. The latest population estimate of brownfield development in a bid to preserve the expects that by 2030 there will be some 724,000 unbuilt areas. people living in Frankfurt. The “2012 Frankfurt/Main Urban Development Re- However, positive as this trend may be, the present port” offers a synoptic view of progress made and situation also poses a number of challenges for processes introduced over the last decade. The Frankfurt and its citizens. Newcomers to the city re- report is subdivided into thematic sections, such as quire a place to live as well as jobs and educatio- “living” and “working”. Each serves to paint an nal or training opportunities – as do the locals who overall picture of the initial conditions, the goals have long resided here. Plus everyone wants to that are being envisaged, and the plans and pro- shop in a vibrant quarter that boasts nice cafés jects that are currently on the drawing board. and restaurants. In their spare time people might Future challenges will be assessed in the Outlook wish to play sports, go to the theater or relax in the section. park. Children and senior citizens require special facilities that are tailor-made to their needs. Given The final section provides a detailed illustration of all of these different locations on the city map it’s the City Planning Department’s Mission Statement. important to ensure that people can get swiftly from Among other things, it was developed to assess A to B. To this end, short distances and good the feasibility of the objectives and to define possi- public transportation links are paramount. ble future courses of action. Increasingly, the imple- mentation of urban-planning policies hinges on an It is clear from the above that successful urban de- integrated and interdisciplinary approach that velopment in Frankfurt will need to factor in econo- brings together various aspects and proposals in mic, ecological and social parameters if it is to do urban development and encourages feedback from justice to our ever-changing requirements today. the public in an effort to foster its viability and approval. It is important that we maintain our However, the City of Frankfurt fulfills functions that committed approach to achieving these goals in go far beyond the city limits. Each day, some the future. 330,000 commuters arrive in the city to work, meaning that the daytime population increases to over a million. Add to this the students of the seven universities and colleges, trade-fair and congress attendees, and those making their way into town to shop, go to the opera or party a nightclub. Olaf Cunitz, Mayor Head of Urban Planning and Building

4 5 Urban development as a strategic process

Urban development in Frankfurt/Main is a product Analyzing and assessing trends of interaction between various players, in other words, it is the people living and working in the Observing and analyzing social, economic and city who flesh it out. In light of the fact that social environmental trends and how these impact the and economic changes are gathering ever more structural fabric of the municipal area and the regi- speed it is paramount that this is a structured pro- on form the bedrock on which urban development cess that nonetheless makes certain that flexibility strategies can then be formulated. A close exami- and the ability to take action are maintained. As nation of the results will, when evaluating planning only this combination will guarantee optimum use ideas, aid definition of the objectives and an as- of the opportunities and resources available to us. sessment of future impacts and interactions.

Urban development in Frankfurt/Main is facing Defining goals – developing strategies – the challenge of adopting guidelines

- making active use of the opportunities afforded Thematic approaches and expert planning con- the city as one of Europe’s key metropolitan cepts hinge on goals and guidelines, which the regions, ensuring that the city’s economy will City Council then adopts to define strategically remain strong in the future to create longterm significant courses of action. Among others, these Skyline good job opportunities for the majority of include the Program for Urban Land Development Implementing objectives strategically Advancing urban development planning Frankfurt am Main people living in Frankfurt and indeed the for Residential Use, the Concept for Urban Centers © Tourismus+Congress GmbH /Main Region, and Retail, the Commercial Site Development Pro- The strategic development process in conjunction In the future, introducing holistic strategies on the Frankfurt am Main; - strategically expanding the city’s potential as a gram, the Landscape Development Program, the with urban planning picks up the trends that have regional, city-wide and district levels, will augment Foto: Holger Ullmann knowledge and research hub in order to shore GreenBelt Charta, along with the Transportation been analyzed, brings specialist expertise to bear, the quality of urban development planning. An inte- up Frankfurt’s international standing, its innova- Master Plan, School Development Planning, and and coordinates strategic efforts both inside and grated urban development planning concept seeks tive force and productivity, the Concept for the Development of Sports Facili- outside of the municipal authorities. In this sense, to forge links between sectoral policies relevant to - safeguarding social cohesion and social com- ties. The above range of instruments serves to pro- developing the strategy can itself be regarded as land use, tasks in urban development and specia- mitment in light of structural change in the eco- vide long-term orientation for private and public part of the implementation process. Making plan- list planning concepts – both more frequently and nomy, of immigration and of population fluctua- players. The study of such a broad swathe of to- ning materials and information available to the at an earlier stage in a move to achieve a sustai- tions, and making efforts to combat polarization pics offers the opportunity to include and coordina- public on an ongoing basis – such as via the City nable urban development strategy. Moreover, the and exclusion, te the expectations and interests of a wide spec- Planning Department’s Website – is essential in introduction of KPIs for assessing municipal con- - striking a balance between developing additio- trum of civic actors. building trust, fostering dialog and achieving the cepts and guidelines offers the chance to learn nal residential units and eco-sound mobility desired level of participation in planning pro- and improve things. Not to forget that urban deve- systems, and dovetailing the effort with an intri- cesses. lopment as a strategic process relies on more in- cate network of greened recreational spaces – volvement to facilitate communication and collabo- all to enable high-grade brownfield develop- rative planning. ment, - integrating efforts to enhance microclimatic conditions, lowering the energy consumption levels of existing buildings and introducing sustainable energy supply systems, - making permanent improvements to the environ- ment – in particular by reducing noise pollution, enhancing air quality and adapting to climate change, - more strongly taking into account the diverse mix of people’s living conditions both on the local and regional level given the dense net- work of linkages within the Rhine/Main Region.

River Main and Skyline Frankfurt ©Tourismus+Congress GmbH Frankfurt am Main, 6 Foto: Goesta A. C. Ruehl 7 Europe and the Region

Increasing competitiveness and reducing spatial Objectives Planning & Projects Outlook and functional disparities is a central programmatic objective in European policy. As a well-established The central parameters of an urban development Supra-local planning is part of the planning for the The future need for action beyond the city limits re- business hub with global links, the Rhine/Main policy that is also committed to the well-being of South Hessen region whereby the Regional Assem- sults from the specific conditions of a polycentric re- Region is a prospering nucleus in the polycentric the region are: bly is the responsible body for regional planning gion shaped by synergies, interdependencies and world of European cities. The Frankfurt Rhine/Main - advancing Frankfurt both as a primary regional and Regional Administrative Authority competition. Action is required between the poles metropolitan region enjoys international acclaim center and as part of the Rhine/Main Region Council acts as the administrative office. The Regi- of close regional linkages and the clear need for thanks to its status as a financial center, trade-fair as an area that is fit for the future, onal Land Use Plan (RegFNP) as compiled by the concerted action on the outside in view of the rival- location, transportation hub and seat of important - emphasizing the need for regional, cooperative Frankfurt Rhine/Main Regional Authority as the bo- ry between regions. There are special challenges research institutions. The primary center, which action and forging stronger links in collabora- dy responsible for the planning of the central con- pertaining to the impact and interaction with the gives the region its name, is the City of Frankfurt ting with neighboring municipalities, urbation, is the principal instrument underpinning airport and its extended infrastructure, such as the with its international airport. There are strong func- - intensifying formal and informal debate on urban planning in Frankfurt. RegFNP’s planning new runway and “Airport City”. tional links, above all in terms of commuters, with conceptual planning in the areas of transporta- brief is to structure land use by issuing a bundle of the surrounding regional centers. These are , tion, commerce, retail and unbuilt areas, central core objectives for the region’s spatial deve- , Darmstadt, , and - combating suburban sprawl, social segregation lopment, e.g., ensuring the calibrated relationship Aschaffenburg. and spatial disparities. of development inwards and outwards.

Regionaler Flächennutzungsplan 2010 – Allgemeiner Teil Teil – Allgemeiner 2010 Flächennutzungsplan Regionaler FrankfurtRheinMain – Regionalverband Südhessen Regionalversammlung Abbildung 5: Zentrale Orte und Verkehrsachsen III. 2 Metropolitan regions and their competitiveness PLANUNGSREGION Münzenberg

Rockenberg SÜDHESSEN Wölfers- heim The Lisbon Strategy is a key policy of centres of decision-making such and developmentEchzell (R&D). This is Grävenwiesbach Bad Ober-Mörlen Ortenberg Schlüchtern / the European Union. It was agreed at as company headquarters, are notFriedberg the WETTERAUKREIScase in Poland, SteinauSlovakia (Hessen) Neu- Brachttal Sinntal Anspach Rosbach v.d.Höhe Bad Soden - Wöll- Altenstadt Büdingen Salmünster the summit in Lisbon in 2000. It seeks still concentrated within this area. or stadtSpain, where there are higher Limes- Friedrichs- Schmitten hain Wächtersbach dorf Gutsbezirk Hünstetten Bad Homburg Nidderau Spessart v.d.Höhe economic, social and environmental However, the pentagon is spreading education centres,Hammers- Ronne- Gründau but low values of bach burg Gelnhausen Glashütten Bad Orb Hohenstein () Schöneck Neu- Königstein Bruchköbel MAIN - KINZIG - KREIS berg im Taunus Kronberg Nieder- dorfelden Langenselbold im Taunus R&D performance. This discrepancy renewal of the EU, and aims to make to incorporate strong MEGAs, which Biebergemünd Steinbach - TAUNUS - KREIS Erlensee Hasselroth Jossgrund MAINBad Soden Schwal- (Taunus) Linsengericht Eppstein am Taunus bach Maintal a.T. Bad Kelkheim Rodenbach Freigericht (Taunus) Sulzbach Schwalbach (Taunus) the Union the most competitive and are characterised by multi-functionalLiederbach suggests thatHanau regional potentialsFlörsbachtal are TAUNUS am Taunus Mühlheim Frankfurt am Main Hofheim am Taunus am Main Kriftel Offenbach Großkrotzenburg KREIS am Main Oberts- Lorch Wiesbaden not beinghausen Hainburgfully achieved. dynamic knowledge-based economy importance and are performing wellHattersheim am Main Walluf Neu-Isenburg Heusenstamm Flörsheim Seligenstadt Oestrich - am Main OFFENBACH Winkel ZENTRALE ORTE Hochheim in the world. The Lisbon Strategy was across all theGeisen- factors consideredam Main Raunheim Dreieich Mainhausen heim Rüdesheim Rodgau am Rhein Bischofsheim Mörfelden- Langen UND VERKEHRSACHSEN Ginsheim- Rüsselsheim Walldorf Rödermark Gustavsburg Egelsbach re-launched at the spring Council in in this research (decision-making, The importanceBabenhausen of R&D in shaping Nauheim Münster Oberzentrum (OZ)

Trebur Luxembourg in 2005, giving more administration, industry, transport,Groß- regionalDieburg strengths, means that the Gerau Büttelborn

Darmstadt Groß- MZ mit Teilfunktion eines OZ Griesheim Zimmern Groß-Umstadt priority, in particular, to economic university and tourism). GROSSSeveral - GERAU concept of the pentagon, the core of DARMSTADT - Stockstadt Ober- Mittelzentrum (MZ) am Rhein Ramstadt growth and employment. potential zones of global economic EuropeMühltal Groß- that can claim pre-eminence, Biebesheim Bieberau Höchst am Rhein i. Odw. Lützelbach Bicken- Seeheim- bach Jugenheim Fränkisch- Unterzentrum integration can thus be discerned. Alsbach- is becoming misleading.Bad König A broad band Crumbach Planungsregion Hähnlein Zwingenberg Groß-Rohrheim Lautertal Südhessen () Reichelsheim The agglomerations, cities and The points that delimit the pentagonBiblis Einhausen of Lindenfelsregions ofMichelstadt high R&D signifi canceKleinzentrum ist nicht dargestellt Planungsverband BERGSTRASSE Fürth Frankfurt/Rhein-Main urban regions are crucial to European are extending - from HamburgBürstadt toLorsch (Bergstraße)stretches fromErbach the Mid-Pyrenees Zentrenvia in gegenseitiger Grasellen- Central locations and bach Kreisgrenze Rimbach Funktionsergänzung Mörlen- and regional competitiveness. These Copenhagen and into Scandinavia, Lyon, bach through Switzerland and to arterial roads in the

Abbildung 4 Abbildung Gemeindegrenze Wald- Michelbach Regionalachsen Abt- South Hessen Planning are the places where more than 80 % and from Munich into Austria and BavariaGorxheimertal steinach in Germany. It is crossed by Rothenberg Überörtliche Nahverkehrs- Region, of Europe’s citizens live. All cities and towards the South East of Europe. another band of regions running fromund Siedlungsachsen Source: Regionalverband

city regions, no matter what size, 0 10 20 30 40 50 km Kärnten in Austria to England’s West - FrankfurtRheinMain steinach have important functions as nodes21 In the ten countries that joined Midlands. The third corridor passes 2010 for development and as economic the Union in 2004, major decision- through Denmark, southern Norway, MEGAs: Strong Metro- drivers for their regional territories. making functions are only located in and central Sweden to Finland. 2 politan Europaen Growth Areas Even small centres may be players at the national capitals. Other MEGAs the global level in some specialised in these states gain their status from sectors. However, the metropolitan their industrial and higher education regions which are notable at the functions. In , especially European and global scales have in the South, the MEGAs are functional importance in a variety of based on strengths in tourism and sectors along with a signifi cant role through their universities. In general METROPOLITAN REGIONS, URBAN AREAS AND THE DIVERSITY OF RURAL METROPOLITAN 8 within their territorial context. universities tend to be quite dispersed 9 around different regions because of A polycentric Europe is seen as an national educational systems. Thus attractive alternative to a European the knowledge function is the most territory dominated by the pentagon territorially balanced across Europe. the area delimitated by London, Hamburg, Munich, Milan and Paris. The functional signifi cance of the 1 Most crucial economic functions, MEGAs generally corresponds with for example the location of European the regional importance of research

30 ESPON ATLAS Population Residential

On balance, the population of Germany is dwind- centage of pre-school children was 5.9% and high- The residential market in Frankfurt/Main continues meters, on average the living space in the new ling, while Frankfurt/Main has been attracting new er than in any other German major city, making to be out of kilter. Even though, bucking the natio- buildings is appreciably larger than that in existing residents. According to the population estimate for Frankfurt/Main Germany’s “kid capital”. The nal trend, all planned buildings were completed on buildings, which is 70.1 square meters. Despite urban regions for 2030, this trend is here to stay, number of family households is on the rise again, time, there is an across-the-board need for additio- the above-average increase in living space, ho- meaning that Frankfurt will see an increase in its however, at 53% single households continue to be nal housing. Between 2000 and 2010 some wever, at 37 square meters per resident Frankfurt’s population by some 35,000 to 724,000 people the norm. 22,100 dwellings were added to the existing buil- per-capita living space is below average compa- in 2030. dings, meaning that the needs of some 42,000 red to other major cities in Germany (38.7 square The income disparity between different districts not people who relocated to Frankfurt within the same meters). The number of owner-occupied households Of the general demographic trend of “fewer, older only in the Rhine/Main Region but also in the City period could be satisfied. Asked for the reason is rising steadily. and more diversified” only the latter adjective ap- of Frankfurt has become more pronounced. The why they had chosen the surrounding region, up to plies, as 42% of people living in Frankfurt have a higher the average income in a district, the higher 73% of those who moved to outside of Frankfurt Objectives “migration background” – the figure for children the growth in income levels over the period stated that they would have preferred the city if and young adultsAbbildung is two 1 thirds. In 2009, the per- monitored. their requirements on the residential unit or a resi- The objectives behind strengthening the city as a Bevölkerungsentwicklung in Frankfurt am Main seit 1960 und Vorausberechnung der wohnberechtigten Bevölkerung bis 2030 dential area had been met. residential location are: 800000 - strengthening the city’s districts with their 42 125 723 983 The majority of new dwellings tends to take the existing idiosyncrasies and qualities, 700000 681 858 Bevölkerung HSL-Prognose shape of multi-occupancy apartment buildings, - developing new zones for residential districts, insgesamt meaning the existing trend persists. At 89.3 square primarily in zones designated for restructuring in 600000 563 338

Deutsche 558516 757188 47 150 500000 Potential for residential construction

Urban expansion zones 400000 Urban expansion zones subject to the Seveso II chemicals provisions

300000 Restructuring zones

200000 165 670 160 645 Ausländer -5 025 100000 Frankfurter Ergebnis eigene Fortschreibung Bevölkerungsprognose 0 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 Population development in Frankfurt/Main since 1960 and estimating the popu- lation allowed by law to reside here until 2030

6% 5,9% 5,8% 5,7% 5,5% 5,4% 5,4% 5,3% 5,3% 5,3% 5,2% 5% 5,2% 5,0% 5,1% 5,0% 4,9% 4,9% 4,8%

4%

3%

2%

1%

0%

d n rf g n n n en RT l i i nd a ö do pz gart urg u K over erl tt b ssen FU B is m E reme resden ünchen amburg sel Lei tu rnberg rt tropol NK D s ann S u ü o B e M H ü H D N D eutschl M D D FRA Proportion of the population aged under six in Germany’s major cities 2009

10 11 to a new, urban residential and working district so vibrant, not only must additional statutory de- Preservation and modernization (the Kulturcampus). Bürostadt with its crees be passed relating to protecting the social of quarters

Statuory decree for the preservation monostructure will be reorganized with a view to composition and preserving buildings, but additio- of the composition in the population mixed usage (Lyoner Viertel). A study on converting nal instruments need to be tried and tested. Urban renewal zones office into residential space showed that such reuti- lization can make economic sense. At the same Countless homes continue to depend on subsidies time, the study showed that there are probably no when it comes to housing provision. The City of economies of scale to be achieved by converting Frankfurt responds to this need with new builds and empty office buildings. by contractually specifying that a proportion of new builds must be for classic welfare housing and In order to create the requisite number of residenti- by running its own municipal support programs. al units, boundaries on the edges of suburbs will Such programs focus on building rental properties be realigned or completely new districts develo- fit for families and senior citizens, promoting new ped. The “Riedberg” is an urban development residential areas for owner-occupied dwellings, project that stands out, creating space for some modernizing existing dwellings in terms of their en- 15,000 inhabitants. Another major project could ergy requirement, and improving surroundings and be covering over the A661 interstate to link up the nur-turing the cityscape. By way of an additional Bornheim and Seckbach districts. Planning revolves measure, in individual cases an effort will be made around complementary functions such as noise pro- to facilitate the purchase of land and to subsidize tection, merging green areas and residential the costs of eliminating prior pollution of demolition construction. or of relocation.

Urban revitalization programs serve to improve Outlook existing dwellings and their surroundings. They hinge on realizing projects to stabilize the social Providing sufficient and adequate dwellings will in and cultural life of a quarter, the local economy future be a key focus of urban planning. The use of and to encourage active participation by inhabi- the potential for residential construction that exists tants in the process of breathing new life into the within present city limits remains the priority and districts. For example, work has begun rejuvenating calls for an innovative planning approach. Pro- and downtown Höchst. Like Gallus grams to involve inhabitants as part of integrated Viertel before it, -Ost has been in- urban development will become increasingly im- cluded in the Federal/State program “Stadtteile mit portant. In future, greater attention must be paid to besonderem Entwicklungsbedarf – die soziale ensuring that dwellings fit for families and the ap- Stadt” (Districts In Urgent Need of Development – propriate surroundings arise in central locations, line with the key notion of “brownfield develop- mer new build zones, and gaps between buil- The Social City). The State “Aktive Kernbereiche in too. Maintaining the right quantity of cost-effective ment over greenfield development” and guaran- dings. Additional capacity is available thanks to Hessen” (Energized Town Centers in Hessen) pro- dwellings and ensuring that modernization of teeing links to local transport, measures such as annexing and conversion, ad- gram and the municipal “Aktive Nachbarschaften” apartments to reduce energy consumption remains - enhancing their appeal by preserving and ding stories, converting attic space, all of which (Energized Neighborhoods) program both serve to affordable will likewise be critical. improving existing dwellings and the surroun- often face hurdles in the form of a lack of accep- buttress the favorable transformation of Fechen- (s. Abb 2 Bestand an öffentlich geförderten Wohnungen in Frankfurt am Main, für die das Amt für Wohnungswesen das Belegrecht

ding area or restoring it by urban repair, tance among neighbors and residents or they run heim. The Ostendstrasse modernization scheme is 80000 - counteracting the trend toward social segregati- foul of owners’ interests. close to completion. 70000 on at the regional and inner-city levels, - exhausting the opportunities to provide Frankfurt/Main does justice to the key principle of Alongside these steps and measures, a large 60000 affordable dwellings. “brownfield development over greenfield develop- number of masterplans and development plans as 50000 ment”. The proportion of restructuring zones in the well as preservation statutes governing the preser- Planning & Projects WEP at present totals 62%, as against only around vation or improvement of the residential fabric are 40000 69105 38% back in 2000. Moreover, by developing lo- being applied. Residential areas close to down- 68954 67980 67408 66887 66203 30000 65951 62096 58994 As regards managing zones, the yardstick used is cations that are frequently central, erroneous past town need to be protected against undesirable Wohnungen der Anzahl 52965 48975 46444

20000 44154 42787

the constantly updated Program for Urban Land De- urban planning steps can be corrected, high-quality structural change. Popular quarters from the turn of 41324 39450 37336 36345 34900 33482 32694 32149 31766 30484 velopment for Residential Use (WEP) which covers urban features exploited, and the use of greenfield the 20th century, such as Nordend, are currently 30271 10000 all residential development zones with more than areas reduced. A special role was played here by undergoing gentrification with rents and property 50 dwellings each. The number of dwellings re- developing major restructuring zones such as the prices rising. To preserve the mixed social compo- 0 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 quired as forecast by the Institute for Housing and once commercially used areas on the banks of the sition of such quarters, which is what makes them 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 the Environment (IWU) is some 32,000 units Main (such as Westhafen) or the main freight and Proportion of publicly funded dwellings in Frankfurt/Main, for which the through 2030 as against the actual potential in shunting rail wards close to downtown (Europavier- Housing Authority has occupancy rights, primary subsidies zones as identified by the WEP, which totals about tel) or converting areas formerly used by the milita- 18,000 units for the period 2008 to 2019. Then ry (e.g., New Atterberry). The future conversion of there are the residual areas for development in for- the university campus in Bockenheim will give rise

12 13 Business & Employment

Frankfurt/Main is Germany’s most international furt/Main – two thirds of the employees live out- Commercial real estate as stipulated in the business hub. The city and the region compete side the city limits. This simply underscores how Commercial Real Estate development Program nationally with other metropolitan regions such as close the links are between the City of Frankfurt Classical commercial usages Stuttgart, Munich and Hamburg. As a conurbation, and other cities and districts in the region. Expanded range of usages the city competes with other European metropolises Local commercial activities that are global players thanks to its traditional em- Objectives Zones for commercial expansion November 2011 phasis on the financial and transport sectors. As a business hub, Frankfurt is also defined by other key The structural change in the economy needs to be sectors where the actors are closely interlinked exploited in order to maintain a socially meaningful thanks to spatial proximity and the respective value- and broad range of job offerings, and likewise added chains. These include clusters for ICT, bio- thanks to the diversified business structure support a tech, medicine and the life sciences as well as the stable economic basis for the region. cultural and creative industries, all of which are ac- The objectives here are: tively supported by business promotion programs. - upholding manufacturing and crafts services close to homes, The Rhine/Main Region boasts a wealth of highly - supporting and accompanying restructuring qualified staff. There is a broad range of educatio- processes in existing commercial and industrial nal institutions, the quality and scope of which is parks and optimizing these estates through ope- steadily growing and being ex-panded. In the wa- rational management of the zones and raising ke of the steady drop in the number of jobs in the the respective location’s profile, secondary sector and a concomitant rise in those - developing commercial and crafts yards, in the tertiary sector, the number of employees in - highlighting Frankfurt’s specific profile, actively the service industry who pay social insurance is supporting the regional division of labor in the now 88%. Frankfurt/Rhine/Main metropolitan region and promoting key industries, There are nine jobs for every ten of the city’s inha- - expanding Frankfurt’s university facilities and bitants. In no other German metropolis is the associated research institutions, number of incoming commuters as high as in Frank- - emphasizing soft location factors as regards residential and environmental standards and the general quality of life. 160000

150000 Other Services 140000 Planning & Projects 130000 Manufacturing Trade Services chiefly for 120000 Businesses

110000 The cadaster for commercial zones and the deve- ty Frankfurt’s new Humanities Campus in Westend, Creativity is a key resource driving the social trend

100000 Public Administration, lopment program for commercial zones set out the which covers some 40 hectares. toward a knowledge society. The creative indus- Other Services 90000 basic rules and objectives for developing Frank- tries employ around 30,000 persons and require 80000 Trade furt/Main as an industrial and commercial hub. As a major services center, Frankfurt/Main pos- new urban economic policy instruments to be deve- 70000

60000 Traffic / News The City of Frankfurt advanced the range of com- sesses a due supply of office spaces. In terms of loped as they require neither much space nor Banks / Insurance 50000 mercial real estate on offer with its “Am Mar- high-profile locations and high-grade facilities, new strong infrastructure. What they do need is tole- 40000 Building Industry tinszehnten” urban development scheme. premises are being developed – and there is de- rance, the provision of opportunities, support for lo- 30000 Regional Authorities /Social Insurance Information, Hospitality Communication 20000 mand for them. In the office market, which is sub- cal cultural diversity and (sub)cultural initiatives and

10000 Non-Governmental Organizations The lion’s share of the some 11,500 employees in ject to strong cyclical fluctuations, there are current- for an urban culture of cooperation and informati- 0 the chemical and pharmaceutical industry, which is ly about 1.5 million square meters vacant. The of- on. The business development office runs a compe- focused geographically in Industriepark Höchst, fice market is one of the most international in Ger- tence center, in this way supporting the industry. Employees subject to statutory welfare contributions in Frankfurt/Main according are active in R&D and manufacturing of innovative many and therefore strongly shaped by global in- to economic divisions 1978 – 2010 medical products. The expansion of the R&D focus vestment patterns. Not all operations now depend plays a special role, and not only on the life sciences moved forwards with the foun- on the advantages of personal contact and faceto- in Frankfurt/Main – in 2009, close to 51 million dation of the new science campus in the Riedberg face meetings downtown. Back offices accordingly passengers used it, making it one of the ten largest district and the location there of the Frankfurt Bio- may be moved to suburban locations or based in airports in the world. It is operated by Fraport AG, technology Innovation Center (FIZ). Another invest- neighboring districts. which is investing massively in modernizing and ment in science and research: the Goethe Universi-

14 15 Retail

Outlook Given that they function as the platform for local fa- - advancing existing centers by introducing new cilities and amenities, urban and district centers are retail outlets, A cosmopolitan and urban atmosphere with high- important hubs of municipal life and as such they - enhancing the quality of the location where the standard residential properties and a great quality play a pivotal role in urban development. It’s the amenities are based, of downtown life are increasingly becoming a key successful combination of different functions such - preserving and buttressing diversity in the range factor in the competition between international as services, retail, culture and residential living that of downtown offerings and functions, hubs. The ongoing rise in the importance of the determines the vitality and functional quality of the- - providing certainty for existing retailers, inves- service industries in Frankfurt/Main in some ways se central urban locations. However, recent trends tors and property owners as regards planning offers an opportunity to expand a functionally toward rationalization, amalgamation of retail busi- and investment. mixed city. In terms of innovative potential, expan- nesses and increasing sales floor space have led ding Frankfurt’s university facilities and associated to unfavorable structural changes being made to Planning & Projects research institutions will remain of great im- these centers, as have changes in consumer beha- portance. As regards traditional trade and com- vior. The Concept for Urban Centers and Retail has be- merce, there is very circumscribed spatial scope for en revised and adopted. To this end, the situation developing completely new commercial parks in Objectives of the retail trade throughout the city was carefully Gateway Gardens Frankfurt/Main, meaning the regional option is analyzed and the attendant economic and urban © Grundstücksgesell- expanding the hub. Directly linked to the airport ex- more important. The greatest potential for develo- Urban planners ideally seek to provide a range of conditions assessed. schaft Gateway Gardens pansion with the new runway and a supplementary ping the range of commercial real estate available local amenities within walking distance and to GmbH terminal, the company is currently realizing other in Frankfurt/Main is to restructure existing commer- counteract negative trends in the urban structure as The definition of a hierarchical system of amenity new construction projects. Examples are the deve- cial and industrial estates and optimize (capacity) follows: areas forms the basis for securing and developing lopment of a some 110-hectare commercial park utilization of these places. To this end, new me- - ensuring the provision of a balanced mix of locations destined to attract retail and service out- called “Mönchhof”, the “Gateway Gardens” office thods need to be developed and all the private services and amenities on the basis of existing lets. Socalled decentralized agglomerations are complex and “Airport City” – a purpose-designed players and public agencies in-volved in develo- centers, located on arterial roads or in commercial estates cluster of retail, hotel, congress and office premi- ping zones need to dovetail their efforts. ses. Frankfurt’s trade fair likewise has a special sta- tus; its potential for expansion has been shored up by the planning for Europaviertel.

Walking distance to retail outlets 16 17 Transport & Mobility

The development of the City of Frankfurt the Rhine/ - lowering traffic levels in residential areas and Spatial division of retail centers Main region is closely bound up with how national by managing parking spaces, A center (main center downtown) and international transportation flows interface. - handling mobility needs in a manner compati- B center (district center) Frankfurt Airport is one of the world’s largest air ble with urban life and such that all sections of C center (local district center)

D center (businesses located in residential areas) traffic hubs for both passenger and cargo and of- the population can participate in social life.

Special location fers direct flights to important des-tinations the Decentralized agglomeration of retailers world over. The main railway station and the Planning & Projects Development potential airport’s long-distance rail station are integrated in- August 2011 to Europe’s high-speed rail network. The Frankfurter The 2005 Transportation Masterplan is being ad- Kreuz cloverleaf is the interstate intersect for the vanced on an ongoing basis and defines the para- North/South and East/West routes. The internatio- meters for developing mobility and transportation in nal traffic nodes are rounded out by the Frankfurt the City of Frankfurt. Planning for the Frankfurt Rhi- port. neMainplus project focuses on steps to improve the quality of Frankfurt/Main as a rail nodal point and Taken together, national and regional transit traffic the tracks leading to it – in the short to medium and business, commuter and tourist traffic in the ci- term. By rolling the local transportation plan for- ty spell a traffic density that at peak hours edges ward, the benchmark for service standards in local close to the limits of the overall transportation public transportation is being raised further. The system’s capacity and on occasion surpasses them. tram and LRT network forms the backbone of the lo- The environmental impact of the traffic impairs li- cal public transportation network, and by closing ving and recreational conditions in particular along gaps and consistently expanding it, the network the main traffic arteries. Inside the city, almost three will become ever more effective. Extending the ran- quarters of all routes are now covered by foot, bi- ge of bus lines has eliminated the weaknesses erst- cycle or by public transport (ÖPNV). Cars continue while identified in the local transportation plan. Re- to predominate as regards transportation into and gionaltangente West (RTW) is destined to better out of Frankfurt/Main, accounting for four fifths of link districts on the city’s periphery with one another the total, meaning that the Frankfurt cityscape is of- and the airport, while lowering transit traffic ten shaped by automobiles. through the Citytunnel. Wide-scale reduction of traf- fic flow by imposing 30-kph speed zones in resi- Objectives dential areas is now as good as completed. As part of the “Vernetzte Spiel- und Begegnungsräu- The regional mission statement on transportation me” research project it emerged that the successful policy is based on three pillars: avoiding traffic, promotion of pedestrian flows within quarters shifting traffic flow to eco-friendly means of trans- hinges crucially on discussions with locals. PR work and are predominantly accessed by car. These velopment observed in the context of retail loca- port and contractually winding down flows that centers are spatially restricted and provide a limi- tions must be closely monitored and managed, as cannot be avoided or shifted to other modes. The 100% ted range of products and services in a deliberate must situations of existing and intensifying competiti- related objectives are: step to protect traditional amenities and local on in the region. A potential strategy to secure and - brokering the interaction of the different trans- 29 30 30 80% 34 34 35 centers. consolidate urban and district centers and their portation authorities with a focus on their speci- 6 functions as the providers of services and amenities fic advantages and disadvantages, 6 9 13 60% 11 14 Outlook includes the systematic management of legal site - securing and enhancing the quality of links 25 26 23 23 23 planning and the optimization of retail locations as within the international, national, and regional 40% 24 It is imperative that the guidelines governing the part of urban development. Another step is to inten- rail network, Concept for Urban Centers and Retail are applied sify collaboration between local authorities as laid - expanding the local public transportation net- 20% 40 34 32 38 34 consistently. Structural change and the dynamic de- out in the Regional Concept for the Retail Trade. work and connecting it to other transportation 27

Proportion of all routes traveled %] [in traveled all routes of Proportion 0% modes, Local Traffic Total Traffic Local Traffic Total Traffic Local Traffic Total Traffic - advancing the network of roads that form 1998 2003 2008 important traffic arteries especially with a view Private Cars Local Public Transport Bicycles Pedestrians to easing problematic conditions, - promoting pedestrian and bicycle transport by Choice of means of transportation by Frankfurt inhabitants networking and expanding facilities,

18 19 Rail-based action plan Greened Recreational Areas & the Environemt S-Bahn

Regionaltangente West

Other regional traffic

Subway

Streetcars

New tracks/expansion of existing tracks/stations

Optional extension of track routes, securing embankments and current applications for approval

Quelle: Referat Mobilitäts- und Verkehrsplanung Frankfurt’s green zones and parks have evolved - securing and enhancing greened recreational historically with the city. Today they form both a areas, greenbelt around city and a series of radii from - preserving traditional uses such as farming, downtown into the outskirts, offering a wealth of - managing and reducing the pressure of overuse different functions for people and the environment. and the conflicting aims that arise out of Moreover, they provide the bedrock for a host of placing diverse demands on these areas. spatial conceptual designs. Among other things, people’s quality of life depends on well-designed Planning & Projects surroundings with public parks and greened zones. These conditions can be found almost everywhere Frankfurt’s Green Belt is protected by the Green in Frankfurt/Main, which is a very green city. Mo- Belt Constitution, which the Municipal Council reover, it has been shown that greened areas in passed in 1991. The area was declared a nature the cityscape impact positively on urban climatic reserve in 1994. Spanning some 80 square kilo- conditions, in terms of how many of such areas meters, the land covers just over one third of the exist, whether they are of the appropriate quality, total footprint of Frankfurt as a municipality, with and where they are positioned. As a result of the parks and greened recreational areas, gardens, spread of housing and changes in people’s spare forest and agricultural land forming a consecutive time activities increasing demands are being ring around the city. Natural zones that are particu- placed on parks and the countryside. Existing larly precious and rare are, moreover, also pro- green areas are being used extensively and in tected by German and European law. The Green some cases they are being overused. Belt is a space to experience nature, culture, recre- ation and relaxation. Play facilities and learning-by- Objectives doing offerings enable users to experience the sur- rounding landscape handson. Exemplary projects The objective is to maintain and advance the quali- along the Green Belt include the redesign of the ty of greened and unbuilt areas in their function as former airfield in the meadows of the River Nidda. natural recreational zones throughout the city. This Since 2001 efforts have been made to link the Green for cycling in the city has been put on permanent relevant districts. A dense, low-detour network includes the following: Belt with the regional park beyond the city limits. foundations with the introduction of a cyclists’ por- should be created for pedestrian and cycle traffic, - preventing sprawl development as a result of tal. with conflict with other modes minimized. Another uncoordinated designation of settlement zones The volume of conflicting uses in the municipal high priority will be the expansion and conversion at the regional and local level, area is placing considerable strain on Frankfurt’s Outlook of infrastructure to meet barrier-free needs. The qua- - using land sparingly as it is a resource that greened areas. For this reason, top priority is lity of life in residential quarters will in future be cannot be replicated, accorded not only to the protection of existing Ongoing population growth means we can assu- augmented by lowering traffic flow levels there and - interlinking different zones and with the open parks, but also to generating new recreational are- me traffic flows will rise moderately. A general in- management of parking spaces; this will also redu- countryside, as and enhancing existing ones. Thus, numerous Abb. 5: Grünanlagen pro Einwohner (Stadtteilebene) crease in road network capacity is no longer a po- ce noise and air pollution. Another way to mini- 50

licy objective. Where roads need to be expanded mize traffic flows would be a spatially advantage- Grüneburgpark Volkspark Niddatal 45 Lohrberg it makes sense to reduce roads elsewhere if possi- ous location and mixture of the following functions: Huthpark ble in order, through redesign work, to better inte- dwellings, work, utilities, rest and recreation – from 40 35 Anlagenring grate existing main thoroughfares into the urban the level of urban quarters up to that of the entire Mainuferpark 30 setting roads and improve the quality of life in the region. Volkspark Nordpark 25 Niddatal Rebstockpark

m² / EW m² Goldsteinpark Bonifatiuspark Höchster 20 Brentano- Stadtpark Ostpark park 15 Günthers- Frankfurter Durch- burgpark schnitt: 11,9 m² 10 Orientierungswert wohnungsnahe 5 Flächen: 6,0 m²

0

t l t l l l t d d t d d d n s h t h h h g e s s m e e m d d m m m m e h m m m m d m s d n m m h m d d t r n i t t i r a a m i i e i i im c i i i e i l c i e im c i c c i c i r a a ü e ü i s a h i e r o O e e r r e o r r e e e s e e r e s e e e e a e e a e a a e a e e t t S - t S r r m c g s s ie - N W h ie ie h N - h h h u h h u h u h h h h w b h N h b h b b h b h B t - - d s - e e l a r ö n l r l n v d n v v n n n s a n n r n b s n s s k n li s r n n h k r d d n r t n b d e r r n r e l e a a e s n O s e e a e H u e n n e e c e H d i e e c n e A f n e u e O e i d e i e o e d d l K t n e n o u k s i r a d r k g e h n e s r H s E r o t e e d e l c s u w ö r d e o h c B k e i e s - n s t r B l l N h G i G n r i S c Z i E E u I h d t a o u a R P d c e S l o - - n f e s r o a c N D s E u e R r r r n e u h e e F e k o N G B h S B e S e e h W G n H E r t g n a W N n e P n d d r a e e e e r B s U i i s B F h N N h c c a a S Abb. 9: Bewirtschaftete Fläche je Ortsteil in ha (aus LandwirtschaftsbefragungS ) Greened zones and parks per resident (districts) 20 21 Protection zone Urban Development & the Face of the City

Countryside reservation area zone 1

Countryside reservation area zone 2

Nature reserve

Wallanlagen

Green Belt Frankfurt

Fauna flora habitat zones

Bird sanctuaries The city provides the daily environment for those Measures who live and work there. The fabric of the city of Frankfurt is the product of different eras of urban The special “Making Frankfurt more attractive” in- planning and architectural design, which in their vestment program has transformed the public space combination have shaped the face of the city from into an object of considerable commitment across its first Medieval groundplan to the radical local communities. The scheme was launched in changes made in the 1960s and ‘70s. The goal 1998-9 and ten years later 38 of the 100 projects here is twofold: to preserve his-torical influences approved had been completed. In 2010, a spe- that have survived both downtown and in the vari- cial investment program was adopted, which prio- ous districts, and to introduce modern elements of ritizes 50 projects to be completed by 2014. urban planning and architecture as a complement. In recent years priority was accorded to linking up Public spaces have always been a central compo- the various stretches of the banks of the Main to nent of life in the city. A wide variety of streets, form one seamless strip for a wealth of potential squares and parks offering different social and aes- uses and to giving the “Zeil”, Frankfurt’s main shop- thetic qualities combine to shape the face of the ping street, a complete makeover. A special down- city. Accessible to everyone, these public areas are town development concept was devised in associ- sanctuaries for city dwellers to meet, play sports ation with the public and aims to introduce better and relax. In the form of market squares, parks and links in the city fabric, redesigning important arteri- greened areas, traffic intersections or places of cul- al roads and squares and setting a new tone in ture, these urban hubs serve public functions and the perception of downtown. A large number of structure the identity of individual districts. Well-de- squares in Frankfurt/Main have been given a face- signed public spaces augment the quality of living lift, and the process is still ongoing. Design in the city and help the people of Frankfurt identify guidelines have been set up for the standardization with their city. Indeed an intelligent layout of of urban design elements, including regulations on squares and streets offers space for different activi- the use of urban furniture (such as benches, light- stretches along the banks of the Main have under- important to concentrate not only on energy-saving ties, provides orientation, protects against crime ing, garbage cans etc.) and the layout of streets gone a makeover and a wealth of new greened measures but to broaden the focus to include com- and makes people feel safe. and squares (materials, shapes and colors). areas and parks designed in association with the ponents in the greater Frankfurt area, such as the development of new residential and office space. preservation of fresh and cold air corridors. Objectives Particular importance is attached to architectural Examples include some 94 hectares of greened culture in a move to ensure high-quality design areas and parks in the new Riedberg district, the Outlook Objectives for the creation of attractive public when developing land for residential use. Accor- construction of the new Rebstockpark and greened spaces and good urban design are: dingly, a list of quality objectives was compiled, areas in the Europaviertel district, not to forget the Changes in patterns of usage as a result of restruc- - implementing urban planning and design paying particular attention to design requirements Hafenpark with its numerous sports facilities, which turing and releasing areas so that they can be specifications in the urban modernization pro- in residential buildings in the medium and high-end is currently under construction. used for other purposes are both tools that help cess and in developing quality dwellings and price ranges. Moreover, numerous competitions are extend and link up existing greened recreational surroundings in order to maintain and augment being held for building projects. The City of Frank- Measures introduced in conjunction with climate zones and unbuilt areas. Here, particular impor- diversity in the city fabric, furt has introduced open planning processes such protection include the Green Zone for private cars, tance is attached to the continuity and accessibility - providing well-designed quality leisure space as planning workshops to encourage a greater the Anti-Pollution Map and statutory specifications of extensive green corridors, with potential being and good recreational options for public number of local residents to become involved in to improve energy efficiency in municipal buil- tapped not only along the banks of the Main. The squares to revitalize the public space, the relevant processes. dings. Even today Frankfurt/Main boasts more idea is to formulate a proactive policy to handle - providing better orientation when navigating the buildings in the passive house standard than any the growing pressure arising from various demands city and enhancing the structure of existing Architectural ensembles such as quarters with turn- other European city. Energy use concepts are being placing on these areas. In long-term urban streetscapes including green strips to give all of-the-20th-century buildings or districts that have being drawn up for all development and redeve- development it is vital to address the future impact road users the space they need, largely retained their original village centers will be lopment areas, which has led to the construction of of climate change on settlement areas. Foreseeable - improving the quantity and quality of pedestrian protected by way of preservation statutes, among many new heat grids and the extension of existing effects include heat and dry spells in summer and crossings. other things. For example, the partial reconstruction district heat zones. The Anti-Pollution Atlas along a rise in incidents of torrential rain and floods in of Frankfurt’s historical downtown known as the with Frankfurt’s Energy and Climate Protection Con- winter, both of which will place great strain on ur- “Dom Römer Areal” relies on such preservation sta- cept adopted in 2009 form an inherent part of the ban areas and people, forcing us to start adapting tutes to shape the new face of the city. In Frankfurt’s city’s long-term urban development policy. Here it is now. east, the relocation of the headquarters of the Euro-

22 23 Mission Statement for Urban development in Frankfurt/Main

In the course of time, the objectives of land-use mission statements for the work of the City Planning Preservation statues and urban design statutes and urban planning were set in response to a se- Department. Statues to preserve urban idiosyncrasies ries of different mission statements and ideals. The Trends and challenges such as demographics and Statues to preserve the design of a district European Union encouraged Frankfurt’s adoption climate change are becoming less local in cha- of the model of the European city by issuing the racter and are gaining in supra-regional and glo- “Leipzig Charta” and the Federal Government, in bal importance, spelling a paradigm shift for to- the face of anticipated changes in society, transla- day’s urban planners. In the future, these challen- ted these efforts into the “National Urban Develop- ges will no longer be addressed at the local level ment Policy” initiative. In 2008, the City Planning but will require combined efforts in a global con- Department identified several courses of action that text. are considered of particular importance: In 2011, the City of Frankfurt was a candidate for 1. Planning and managing high-quality brownfield the European Union’s Green Capital Award and in development this way underpinned its claim to continue steering 2. Promoting living in the city and making it its urban planning policy towards ambitious objec- affordable for all strata of society tives such as further improving environmental condi- 3. Strengthening urban districts tions and fostering sustainable development. Inte- 4. Developing forms of mobility that are grated urban development planning can of course compatible with urban life not seek to emulate the holistic scientific approach 5. Fostering cooperation both within the region of urban planning in Frankfurt back in the 1970s, and with the region which was somewhat excessive in its zeal. That 6. Planning in partnership said, alongside the integrative requirements of ur- 7. Fostering architectural culture ban development, a strategic approach is in order that identifies the links required and then forges The City of Frankfurt will examine existing objec- them, all with a view to achieving results. The abo- tives in urban development to assess their future ve essentially hinges on communication and co- feasibility and advance the ideas illustrated in the operation between the various players involved.

Mission Statement for Urban Development in Frankfurt/Main – spatial development concept

Urban development measures Urban expansions Am Riedberg, Am Martinszehnten, Ost

Conversion areas on Derelict Commercial Land Eassignment of existing usages Europaviertel, Europäische Zentralbank Gateway Gardens, Henninger Areal Honsellgelände, Südlich Rödelheimer Landstraße Universitätsgelände Bockenheim Universitätsgelände Westend pean Central Bank (ECB) will introduce a new lands will do their bit in transforming Frankfurt’s city- District Development aspect to the area in the form of a distinctive high- scape in the long term. Furthermore, projects loca- Aktiver Kernbereich , Rahmenplan Alt-Sachsenhausen Rahmenplan Höchst, Stadterneuerung Bahnhofsviertel rise. The High-Rise Development Plan, which was ted on the periphery, such as the new “Airport Soziale Stadt Engelsruhe, Soziale Stadt Gallus

updated in 2008, serves as the framework for the City”, may be the first point of contact with the city Enhancement of street areas Eschersheimer Landstraße, Friedberger Landstraße city skyline as Frankfurt’s signature characteristic. for air passengers arriving in Frankfurt/Main. Initial Hanauer Landstraße, Mainzer Landstraße, Mainkai

Publicly and privately funded projects effectively considerations on the possibilities of reducing or re- Tram loop route The existing public transport system is to be complemented by a new cross-city route illuminate the skyline and the Main embankments structuring roads with heavy traffic flow or city high- intended to improve the links between the districts and promote mobility.

at night. ways that have a separating effect on the surroun- Inner city concept The variety of usages in the inner city is to be secured and extended. The appea- ding urban districts, such as Rosa Luxemburg Stras- rance of the city and its public space made up of traffic, green and open areas need to be developed further. Outlook se, showed potential for transformation but also Wilhelminian Ring conflict. In addition to these major projects, district Preservation statutes and urban renewal measures are designed to strengthen and further develop the attractiveness of these inner city living and working quarters. Over the coming years the urban debate will be centers and the public spaces attached to them will Possible development schemes for active reconstruction characterized by a large number of major and pro- increasingly gain in importance, as will ways to Bürostadt Niederrad [“Office Town“] Westliches /Sommerhoffpark minent building projects set to introduce new cha- design barrier-free LRT and streetcar stops. Green Belt - Connections to areas of open space racteristic features to the cityscape. Moreover, pro- Supplementary green spaces leading out of the inner city area and into the surroun- ding countryside are intended to offer attractively-designed open spaces where peo- jects such as the new bridge in the Osthafen dock- ple can relax and play games and to establish good connections to areas of open space in the region also. In the long term, a continuous open space connection along the bank of the Main is being realised.

24 Illustrations in the base map subject to the provisos of the Seveso II problem complex 25 Imprint

Issuer Stadt Frankfurt am Main Dezernat Planen und Bauen Stadtplanungsamt

Postal address Stadtplanungsamt Frankfurt Kurt-Schumacher-Straße 10 60311 Frankfurt am Main

Editorial Staff of the Publication Stadtplanungsamt, Abteilung 61.G Gesamtstadt: Matthias Drop, Antje Iff

Layout Stadtplanungsamt Öffentlichkeitsarbeit Marion Woitalla

Translation Dr. Jeremy Gaines, Frankfurt am Main Map page 25: Kern AG Global Language Service, Frankfurt am Main

Printing Henrich Druck + Medien GmbH, Frankfurt am Main

Edition 300

Frankfurt am Main, December 2013

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