FINAL REPORT 20S N-S BIKEWAY

FINAL REPORT 20s N-S BIKEWAY

NE GLISAN - SE BELMONT brian emerson sravya garladenne brenda martin melissa mohr AIRWAY Kenton Park

GRAND Farragut Park TERRY AIRPORT PERIMETER Table of Contents 11TH

DENVER FENWICK S

AIRTRANS De La Salle North Catholic High School 33RD HANIS RUSSET FOS H Columbia South Shore Trail

10T

STATE A STAFFORD C Broadmoor Golf Course SHILLING AR Colwood National Golf Course Gammans Park HOLLAND ARG L

I5 YLE D WILLIAMS LOMBARD JOHNSON

INTER VANCOUVER

N ALBIN MORGAN Woodlawn ES 2 BUFFALO BRYANT 4 SKYPORT I. Introduction 3 Arbor Lodge Park Woodlawn Park H CORNFOOT SARATOGA BRYANT DEKUM 29T 79TH Whitaker Ponds Nature Park Holy Redeemer ES II. Key Findings & Recommendations 4WILBUR Peninsula Park Community Center Faubian SUN Community School Whitaker Lakeside MS Concordia College H H

66TH

Peninsula Pool H

H HIGHLAND 2ND 45TH 6T 8T NE Holman and 13th

27TH COLUMB 8

HOLMAN H GARFIELD 10T PORTLAND

30TH

35T DELAWARE Ockley Green MS IA T

III. Research Questions 5 9TH AINSWORTH 78 4

MONTANA MISSOURI MICHIGAN MOORE Fernhill Park SIMPSON HAIGHT PARK 0

N Omaha Parkway 8

TH Alberta CULLY JESSUP 15TH 18 9TH

25TH 12TH Park JARRETT SIMPSON IV. Overview of Research Methods 6 Kennedy Community Garden 60TH

KILLINGS 48TH H W H Interstate Firehouse Cultural Center ORTH CHURCH Jefferson High School

24T Thomas Cully Property 26T Patton Square Park 32ND TH14 Vernon ES Cully Community Garden 45TH N 49TH EMERSO 47TH

Roselawn Park 54TH V. Segment Profile 7 Sumner-Albina Park 52ND EMERSON Helensview HS SUMNER H Patton Community Garden ALBERTA 29TH ROSELAWN Beach ES Meek ES 35T

14TH Sacajawea Park

H Werbin Property Common Bond Garden H NE Sumner & 47th

H Beach Community Garden 6TH 9TH Sacajawea Center Head Start

7T Madrona Park 1 1 ST21

23RD 25T 2 WYGAN HAIGHT T King ES Park Rigler ES TH78 TH35 37T Pittman Addition HydroPark Sabin Community Garden 34TH GOING GOING GOING GOING GOI

Mocks Crest Property H Sabin HydroPark PRESCOTT

H Jesuit Volunteer Community Garden SKIDMORE Rigler Community Garden H 85TH

31ST

VI. Findings 9 8T ND32 Scott ES 10T NE Roseway Parkway

2 H MAS Wilshire 57T SHAVER Denorval Unthank Park ON Two Plum Park Park MASON 49TH 15T Wellington Park

70TH Sabin ES 2ND

4 SHAVER 74TH H MASON EDGEHILL ANDY Overlook House Community Center Our Community Garden 3RD S

FAILING 1ST a. Cyclist Profile 10 6

34TH 78TH 35T FAILING REGENTS FAILING BEECH

TH17 Rose City Cemetery 73RD 76TH PORT CENTER Boise-Eliot Community Garden BEECH

Irving Park 1ST UNNAMED 4TH 8

19TH

IVY 79TH

Overlook Park 61ST 2 Beaumont SUN Community School MILT

1ST 75TH 77TH Boise-Eliot ES H D COO 2 K 2ND b. Alternate Routes 14 49TH

5 64TH 66TH R

Klickitat Mall KLICK 68TH 3 ITAT 70TH

30T 2 MERGES

44TH

Matt Dishman Pool ALAMEDA TH54 H S 32ND ISKIYOU

TH47 29TH Madison Community Garden ST61

20TH

MORRI 59TH S TH56 2ND

8TH Dawson Park 2 H

5 1 26T c. Safety 15 Matt Dishman Community Center STANTON 45TH I40 STANTON Roseway Heights SUN Community School

58T MISSISSIPPI KNOTT

I405 Lillis-Albina Park 16TH

8TH 10TH 14TH Grant Park Glenhaven Park RIVER BRAZEE Rose City Golf Course NT PAGE Tubman MS Vernon Ross Veterans Memorial d. Bicycle Infrastructure 17 ND32 LORING

RBY RIVERSCAPE 31ST 20TH THOMPSON Grant Park Pool REMO E Irvington ES Rose City Park ES Madison HS BRAZ 28TH

F K THOMPSON I5 Rose City Park TILLAMOOK 4TH Preferences UPSHUR Grant HS 4

40TH 42ND 80TH

9 A1-West 38TH HANCOCKMetro Performing Arts Rice School 7

A2-West Fernwood MS 74TH H

TH45 19 WEIDLER BROADWAY 7TH

5 60T 63RD

Steel Bridge RiverWalk 3RD

7 e. Loss of Parking The Fields HALSEY 76TH

HALSEY 71ST

D 26TH 43R

22ND SENATE WASCO Normandale Park 85TH 59TH 9TH 61ST Tanner Springs Park MULTNOMAH 63RD CLACKAMAS MULTNOMAH

Holladay Park 31ST 22 I84 I84 21ST ORAL f. Issue with Equity 12TH L HAZELFERN Rosemont Bluff Natural Area

Jamison Square TH F PACIFIC Frazer Park Erv Lind Stadium 12 OREGON H IRVING Multnomah Bible College & Seminary HOYT Oregon Park

Couch Park 6T OREGON TH19

4TH

22ND

1ST ST 44TH 28TH 25 Coe Circle 47TH Montavilla Park g. Stakeholders Portland Tennis Center GLISAN HOYT HOYT 1 63RD

67TH 69TH 7 73RD

20TH North Park Blocks 17T A3-East H 53RD RS Buckman Field A2-West FLANDE Montavilla Pool 85TH 3RD DAVIS EVERETT 29TH Everett Community Garden 61ST 65T 62ND

58TH Ankeny Plaza Buckman Pool BURNSIDE 60TH Montavilla Community Center

St. Francis Park 24TH Laurelhurst Studio Community Center Buckman ES Vestal Community Garden Laurelhurst H 30TH AS Gov. Tom McCall Waterfront Park PINE Mount Tabor SUN Community School ASH 72ND Park ASH

15TH Da Vinci MS

76TH 79TH VII. Recommendations and Next Steps 27 A4-East 84TH STARK PINE OAK WASHINGTON D Mt. Tabor Annex ALDER N 69TH Chapman Square Lone Fir Pioneer Cemetery 2

70TH 4 28TH BELMONT Glencoe ES MORRISON ALDERH

74TH

1ST Sunnyside School Park

2 1ST YAMHILL 78T 80TH TH56 26TH Colonel Summers Park TAYLOR TAYL 50TH OR TH60 Plaza Block TAYLOR

Blair Community Garden TH

SALMON44TH Technical Appendix A 28 MAIN 3RD

5 49 SALMON TH46

MADISON 56T South Park Blocks Buckman Community Garden

TH86

84TH Colonel Summers Community Garden HAWTHORNE 58TH MADISON ST41 Sewallcrest Community Garden H Pettygrove Park H CLAY

27TH Mt Tabor Park

45TH 43RD

6TH 8TH

48T TH

1ST Bridger ES CLAY 54TH

Parking, Bike Inventory and Land Use STEPHENS 5

57T

59TH Lovejoy Fountain Sewallcrest Park 55 MILL

72ND South Waterfront Park 30TH LINCOLN HARRISON

Tables 76T Harrison Park GRANT H

GRANT 47TH

Abernethy ES 57TH 58TH Hosford MS 34TH 35TH GRANT SHERMAN 6TH

26TH Binnsmead MS

6 68T

H DIVISION SHERMAN Richmond ES 9T Clinton Community Garden Duniway Park Piccolo Park Franklin HS Richmond Property TH 82ND 29 Clinton Park 4

84TH Technical Appendix B Ivon Community Garden CLINTON 85TH Lair Hill Park Youngson ES

H BROOKLYN H 62ND

7T 33RD WOODWARD 31ST 1ST GIBBS TIBBETTS 67TH 24TH 2 65T

19TH KELLY 53RD Brooklyn Park 58TH

TH50

29TH Kellogg MS

59TH

55TH

85TH

3RD TIBBETTS I5

43RD GIS Maps from Inventory 6

38TH

68TH I5 66TH FRANKLIN Marquam Nature Park Cleveland HS Creston Pool Powell Park POWELL

Creston ES H Elizabeth Caruthers Park Brooklyn School Park LAFAYETTE H Kirkland Union Manor Senior Garden

64T

26TH 4

69TH Community Music Center BUSH RHONE ST 5

50T 2 Creston Park BUSH 1 Essex Park 2 7 ND GLADSTONE BUSH Springwater Corridor CENTER Norris House & Property 74TH

8TH 0TH Kern Park Kenilworth Park 70TH 4 5 76TH BOISE TH79 FOSTE 72ND

25TH SW Terwilliger Blvd Parkway D Marshall HS

30TH

R CORA RD MALL 66TH

4TH Holgate Slough 3 9TH R 4 46TH 53 7 1ST 4

Grout SUN Community School 5 Ross Island Natural Area HOLGATE Multnomah Park Cemetery 26TH Laurelwood Park

43RD H 45TH

18TH LONG 16TH

7TH Keller Woods 32ND

34T 36TH 3

75TH 61ST

24TH ST51 58T 0TH Marysville ES H 59TH 6 SE Firland Parkway COLT RAYMOND 86TH Toe Island 41ST MITCHEL 28TH L

CORBETT 63RD Arleta SUN Community School INSLEY STEELE 80TH

HOOD

Woodstock 87TH H

T 51ST HAROLD H Park Crystal Springs Creek 5

Eastmoreland Playground 8 Mt Scott Community Center Mt Scott Pool

44TH

George Himes Park 46T REEDWAY 86TH 52ND 40TH Woodstock ES 22ND RAMONA Mt Scott Park KNIGHT Reed College Campus RAMONA

Wilson Pool 0TH KNIGHT RAMONA 2 WOODSTOCK 65TH

74TH Crystal Springs 62ND

TH15

19TH

17T Wilson HS Rhododendron 67TH MARTINS

6TH H Gardens

Woodstock Community Center TOLMAN 84TH SE Reed College Parkway 68T

60TH

73RD

TH70 Eastmoreland Garden 28TH HENRY TH80

81ST Willamette Park H Berkeley Park Brentwood Community Garden DUKE

Fulton Community Garden 16T BYBEE Lewis ES Brentwood Park Fulton Park Glenwood Park BARBUR Woodmere ES

Sellwood Park Pool H

31ST T 26TH

REX Lane SUN Community School OGDEN 68 1S

Westmoreland 7

45TH 39TH Eastmoreland 3RD

6 Park 65TH LEGEND HENDER 83RD Golf Course SON Burlingame Park Oaks Amusement Park 67 FLAVEL Proposed Bike 87TH RE MALDEN Whitman ES Sellwood Park Sckavone Stadium CRYS X Boulevard Flavel Park TAL ATTACHMENT A Riverview Abbey Mausoleum Butterfly Park SPRINGS 44TH Hazeltine Park WestProposed Lents Floodplain Striped

TH 8TH 7TH Duniway ES Bike Lane

86 Sellwood MS HARNEY 88TH F Proposed Alternate

7TH L Powers Marine Park A Johnson Creek Park V

57TH Bikeway Option 11TH Tideman Johnson Natural Area E L LUTHER GRAY USP 533 : Planning Methods I | Asst. Prof. Lisa K. Bates Ardenwald Park 2 W Existing Bike ESTFORK R Oaks Pioneer Church & Park E Boulevard L L Ardenwwald ES TH H Johnson Creek U BELL F Greenwood Hills Cemetery 55 ´ 67T Sellwood Community Center Sellwood Community Garden NE / SE TWENTIES BIKEWAY - Key # 10230 ATTACHMENT A: Vicinity, Route & Bikeway Type AIRWAY Kenton Park

GRAND Farragut Park TERRY AIRPORT PERIMETER 11TH

DENVER FENWICK S

AIRTRANS De La Salle North Catholic High School 33RD HANIS RUSSET FOS H Columbia South Shore Trail

10T

STATE A STAFFORD C Broadmoor Golf Course SHILLING AR Colwood National Golf Course Gammans Park HOLLAND ARG L

I5 YLE D WILLIAMS LOMBARD JOHNSON

INTER VANCOUVER

N ALBIN MORGAN Woodlawn ES 2 BUFFALO BRYANT 4 SKYPORT Arbor Lodge Park Woodlawn Park H CORNFOOT SARATOGA BRYANT DEKUM 29T 79TH Whitaker Ponds Nature Park Holy Redeemer ES WILBUR Peninsula Park Community Center Faubian SUN Community School Whitaker Lakeside MS Concordia College H H

Peninsula Pool 66TH H

H HIGHLAND 2ND 45TH 6T 8T NE Holman and 13th

27TH COLUMB 8

HOLMAN H GARFIELD 10T PORTLAND

30TH

35T DELAWARE Ockley Green MS IA T

9TH AINSWORTH 78 4

MONTANA MISSOURI MICHIGAN MOORE Fernhill Park SIMPSON HAIGHT PARK 0

N Omaha Parkway 8

TH Alberta CULLY JESSUP 15TH 18 9TH

25TH 12TH Park JARRETT SIMPSON Kennedy Community Garden 60TH

KILLINGS 48TH H W H Interstate Firehouse Cultural Center ORTH CHURCH Jefferson High School

24T Thomas Cully Property 26T Patton Square Park 32ND TH14 Vernon ES Cully Community Garden 45TH EMERSON 47TH 49TH

Roselawn Park 54TH Sumner-Albina Park 52ND EMERSON Helensview HS SUMNER H Patton Community Garden ALBERTA 29TH ROSELAWN Beach ES Meek ES 35T

14TH Sacajawea Park

H Werbin Property Common Bond Garden H NE Sumner & 47th

H Beach Community Garden 6TH 9TH Sacajawea Center Head Start

7T Madrona Park 1 1 ST21

23RD 25T 2 WYGAN HAIGHT T King ES Park Rigler ES TH78 TH35 37T Pittman Addition HydroPark Sabin Community Garden 34TH GOING GOING GOING GOING GOI

Mocks Crest Property H Sabin HydroPark PRESCOTT

H Jesuit Volunteer Community Garden SKIDMORE Rigler Community Garden H 85TH

31ST

8T ND32 Scott ES 10T NE Roseway Parkway

2 SHAVER Denorval Unthank Park H MASON Wilshire 57T Two Plum Park Park MASON 49TH 15T Wellington Park

70TH Sabin ES 2ND

4 SHAVER 74TH H MASON EDGEHILL ANDY Overlook House Community Center Our Community Garden 3RD S

FAILING 1ST 6

7 78TH 34TH FA 35T ILING REGENTS FAILING BEECH

TH17 Rose City Cemetery 73RD 76TH PORT CENTER Boise-Eliot Community Garden BEECH

Irving Park 1ST UNNAMED 4TH 8

19TH

IVY 79TH

Overlook Park 61ST 2 Beaumont SUN Community School MILT

1ST 75TH 77TH Boise-Eliot ES H D COO 2 K 2ND

49TH

5 64TH 66TH R

Klickitat Mall KLICK 68TH 3 ITAT 70TH

30T 2 MERGES

44TH

Matt Dishman Pool ALAMEDA TH54 H S 32ND ISKIYOU

TH47 29TH Madison Community Garden ST61

20TH

MORRIS 59TH 2ND TH56

8TH Dawson Park 2 H

5 1 26T Matt Dishman Community Center STANTON 45TH I40 STANTON Roseway Heights SUN Community School

58T MISSISSIPPI KNOTT

I405 Lillis-Albina Park 16TH

8TH 10TH 14TH Grant Park Glenhaven Park RIVER BRAZEE Rose City Golf Course NT PAGE Tubman MS Vernon Ross Veterans Memorial LORING ND32

RBY RIVERSCAPE 31ST 20TH THOMPSON Grant Park Pool REMO E Irvington ES Rose City Park ES Madison HS BRAZ 28TH

F K THOMPSON I5 Rose City Park TILLAMOOK 4TH UPSHUR Grant HS 4

40TH 42ND 80TH

9 A1-West 38TH A2-West HANCOCKMetro Performing Arts Rice School 7 Fernwood MS 74TH H

TH45 WEIDLER BROADWAY 7TH

5 60T 63RD

Steel Bridge RiverWalk 3RD

7 The Fields HALSEY 76TH

HALSEY 71ST

D 26TH 43R

22ND SENATE WASCO Normandale Park 85TH 9TH 59TH 61ST Tanner Springs Park MULTNOMAH 63RD CLACKAMAS MULTNOMAH

Holladay Park 31ST I84 I84 I. Introduction21ST ORAL 12TH L HAZELFERN Rosemont Bluff Natural Area

Jamison Square TH F PACIFIC Frazer Park Erv Lind Stadium 12 OREGON H IRVING Multnomah Bible College & Seminary HOYT The Portland Bureau of Transportation (PBOT) Oregon Park

Couch Park 6T OREGON TH19

4TH asked Portland State University’s Master of Urban H

22ND 1ST ST 44TH 28TH Coe Circle 47TH Montavilla Park Portland Tennis Center GLISAN HOYT HOYT 1 & Regional Planning students to partner with 63RD

67TH 69TH 7 73RD

20TH North Park Blocks 17T them to investigate and analyze the proposed ‘20s A3-East H 53RD RS Buckman Field A2-West FLANDE Montavilla Pool 85TH bikeway’ running3RD North-South from NE Lombard DAVIS EVERETT 29TH Everett Community Garden 61ST 65T Street in North Portland to the Crystal Springs 62ND

58TH Ankeny Plaza Corridor in the Eastmoreland Neighborhood.Buckman Pool BURNSIDE 60TH Montavilla Community Center

This proposed bikewaySt. will Francis run the Park length of the 24TH Laurelhurst Studio Community Center Buckman ES Vestal Community Garden city and is projected to affect a large number Laurelhurst H 30TH AS Gov. Tom McCall Waterfront Park of neighborhoods and communities. The ‘20s PINE Mount Tabor SUN Community School ASH 72ND Park ASH

15TH Da Vinci MS

76TH bikeway’ is part of a larger project launched when 79TH A4-East 84TH the Portland City Council adopted the 2010 Bike STARK PINE OAK Plan. In recognition of the fact that the east side WASHINGTON D Mt. Tabor Annex ALDER N 69TH Chapman Square of Portland lacks safe and efficientLone Fir bike Pioneer route Cemetery 2

70TH 4 28TH BELMONT Glencoe ES MORRISON infrastructure running north or south, the Bike ALDERH

74TH

Plan directed PBOT to research, plan, and install a 1ST Sunnyside School Park

2 1ST YAMHILL 78T

TH56 80TH 26TH series of north-south bikeways.Colonel The installationSummers Park of TAYLOR TAYL 50TH OR TH60 Plaza Block TAYLOR

Blair Community Garden TH

the ‘20s bikeway’ is likely to impact a large number SALMON44TH MAIN 3RD

5 49 SALMON of cyclists, residents and businesses along the Our Segment : NE Glisan - SE Belmont TH46 MADISON 56T South Park Blocks proposed route. Buckman Community Garden

TH86

84TH Colonel Summers Community Garden HAWTHORNE 58TH MADISON ST41 Sewallcrest Community Garden H Pettygrove Park H CLAY

27TH Mt Tabor Park

45TH 43RD

6TH 8TH

48T TH

1ST Bridger ES CLAY 54TH

STEPHENS 5 Purpose of the Report 57T

59TH Lovejoy Fountain Sewallcrest Park 55 MILL

72ND 30TH South Waterfront Park This report will be looking at a specific segment of LINCOLN HARRISON the bikeway from the intersection of SE Belmont 76T Harrison Park GRANT H Street and SE 28th Avenue to the intersection of NE GRANT 47TH Abernethy ES 57TH 58TH Hosford MS 34TH 35TH GRANT SHERMAN 6TH

26TH Binnsmead MS

6 Glisan Street and NE 28th Avenue. Two alternate 68T

H DIVISION SHERMAN routes have also been proposed for this segment Richmond ES 9T Clinton Community Garden Duniway Park of the bikeway as possible thoroughfares to cross Piccolo Park Franklin HS Interstate 84 at either 21st Avenue or 28th Avenue. Richmond Property TH 82ND Clinton Park 4

84TH This report will focus on the business corridor Ivon Community Garden CLINTON 85TH Lair Hill Park Youngson ES south of I-84 along 28th Avenue.

H BROOKLYN H 62ND

7T 33RD WOODWARD

31ST 1ST GIBBS Our report will focus on findings compiled TIBBETTS 67TH 24TH 2 65T

19TH KELLY 53RD Brooklyn Park 58TH

TH50

during the fall of 2012 to assist PBOT in better 29TH Kellogg MS 59TH

55TH

85TH

3RD TIBBETTS I5

43RD understanding the points of interest along our 6

38TH

68TH I5 66TH FRANKLIN Marquam Nature Park segment of the ‘20s bikeway’. We found seven Cleveland HS Creston Pool points of interest along the 28th Avenue corridor. Powell Park POWELL

Creston ES H Elizabeth Caruthers Park Brooklyn School Park LAFAYETTE H Kirkland Union Manor Senior Garden

We analyzed our findings and suggest possible 64T

26TH 4

69TH Community Music Center BUSH RHONE ST 5

recommendations and next steps for PBOT and the 50T 2 Creston Park BUSH 1 Essex Park 2 7 stakeholder advisory committee (SAC) to consider ND GLADSTONE BUSH Springwater Corridor CENTER Norris House & Property as they evaluate potential implementation of a 74TH

8TH 0TH Kern Park Kenilworth Park 70TH 4 5 76TH bikeway along this segment of the ‘20s bikeway’. BOISE TH79 FOSTE 72ND

SE 28th is already25TH a popular biking route! SW Terwilliger Blvd Parkway D Marshall HS

30TH

R CORA RD MALL 66TH

4TH Holgate Slough 3 9TH R 4 46TH 53 7 1ST 4 Grout SUN Community School 5 Multnomah Park Cemetery Team:Ross Brian Island Emerson, Natural Sravya Garladenne, Area Brenda Martin, Melissa Mohr 3 HOLGATE 26TH Laurelwood Park

43RD H 45TH

18TH LONG 16TH

7TH Keller Woods 32ND

34T 36TH 3

75TH 61ST

24TH ST51 58T 0TH Marysville ES H 59TH 6 SE Firland Parkway COLT RAYMOND 86TH Toe Island 41ST MITCHEL 28TH L

CORBETT 63RD Arleta SUN Community School INSLEY STEELE 80TH

HOOD

Woodstock 87TH H

T 51ST HAROLD H Park Crystal Springs Creek 5

Eastmoreland Playground 8 Mt Scott Community Center Mt Scott Pool

44TH

George Himes Park 46T REEDWAY 86TH 52ND 40TH Woodstock ES 22ND RAMONA Mt Scott Park KNIGHT Reed College Campus RAMONA

Wilson Pool 0TH KNIGHT RAMONA 2 WOODSTOCK 65TH

74TH Crystal Springs 62ND

TH15

19TH

17T Wilson HS Rhododendron 67TH MARTINS

6TH H Gardens

Woodstock Community Center TOLMAN 84TH SE Reed College Parkway 68T

60TH

73RD

TH70 Eastmoreland Garden 28TH HENRY TH80

81ST Willamette Park H Berkeley Park Brentwood Community Garden DUKE

Fulton Community Garden 16T BYBEE Lewis ES Brentwood Park Fulton Park Glenwood Park BARBUR Woodmere ES

Sellwood Park Pool H

31ST T 26TH

REX Lane SUN Community School OGDEN 68 1S

Westmoreland 7

45TH 39TH Eastmoreland 3RD

TH 8TH 7TH Duniway ES Bike Lane

86 Sellwood MS HARNEY 88TH F Proposed Alternate

7TH L Powers Marine Park A Johnson Creek Park V

57TH Bikeway Option 11TH Tideman Johnson Natural Area E L LUTHER GRAY Ardenwald Park W Existing Bike ESTFORK R Oaks Pioneer Church & Park E Boulevard L L Ardenwwald ES TH H Johnson Creek U BELL F Greenwood Hills Cemetery 55 ´ 67T Sellwood Community Center Sellwood Community Garden NE / SE TWENTIES BIKEWAY - Key # 10230 ATTACHMENT A: Vicinity, Route & Bikeway Type II. Key Findings & Recommendations

Key Findings Recommendations for Next Steps

Some of our key findings that we focus on in this Major Recommendation for PBOT and SAC to report are: consider during their evaluation of this segment for the ‘20s bikeway’ are: • 85% of all cyclists counted riding through the intersections of 28th Avenue and E Burnside • Investigate the feasibility of phasing bike and 28th Avenue and SE Stark were riding north improvements, spatially or over time, to or south on 28th Avenue. mitigate the effects of lost car parking in the area. • The typical cyclists on this segment of the bikeway is likely to be a white male between • Perform a parking use inventory to determine 35-55 years old, who lives in SE Portland. He is the utilization rate of parking spaces along an enthusiastic and confident cyclist. and near 28th Avenue, especially during peak hours of activity, including in the evening when • 68% of the female cyclists were wearing people travel to restaurants, bars and the movie helmets as compared to 59% of male cyclists. theater in the area, and when students are • 89% of the cyclists are concerned about being dropped off and picked up from Da Vinci Middle ‘doored’ by a car on SE 28th between SE Stark School on NE Everett just west of 28th. & NE Glisan. Their next biggest concern is being • Carry out shopper intercept surveys to run off the road or hit by a car. understand how reduced parking could impact • If a striped bike lane were installed along 28th businesses in the area. Avenue, approximately 161 on-street parking • Perform door-to-door or mail surveys of spaces could be lost, over one-third of the total businesses and residents located on 28th parking counted for the area between SE Stark Avenue between SE Stark and NE Glisan to and NE Glisan. find out how they would be impacted by lost • Both businesses and residents are divided over parking. Also PBOT could find out if business the potential loss of parking spaces on 28th owners, employees, or customers are members Avenue. of a protected class or if residents have distinct equity issues that should be discussed at time • There are no on-street parking spaces along of evaluation. 28th Avenue between SE Stark and NE Glisan that are reserved for persons with disabilities.

• The Coca-Cola Syrup Plant is likely to be a key stakeholder in this process. The company owns a lot of land in this stretch and is likely to be negatively affected by loss of on-street parking.

USP 533 : Planning Methods I | Asst. Prof. Lisa K. Bates 4 III. Research Questions

In this proposal we explore what is happening Concerns and Issues Regarding Equity along 28th Avenue and what can be learned about the habits, preferences and concerns of those who 28th Avenue faces a concern many streets face: frequent the commercial corridor along our route. there simply is not enough space for all modes of We focus on several key questions to help inform transportation to fully utilize the space provided. a more in-depth analysis of our section of the ‘20s There is only one lane for each direction of traffic, bikeway’. Our key research questions are: and cars and bikes have to share it. There is also competition for on-street parking. Even the Usage and Potential Improvements sidewalks are crowded with pedestrians and café seating on a narrower-than-ideal sidewalk. People are currently bicycling north and south through the 20’s Avenues. We want to know: Unfortunately, any change is going to come at the what route they choose to travel on, how many expense of some users. The equity questions our people choose each route and the characteristics report asks are who wins and who loses parking of these cyclists. That information will tell us what and if there are ‘protected classes’ who would the most popular route is currently, if that route be disproportionately negatively impacted by the is being selected because bicyclists feel safest project. there or because it is the quickest route and if it is being used only by strong and confident bicyclists or if beginners and casual riders feel comfortable What and Who Needs to be Included in the enough to use it as well. In addition to informing Decision-making Process our recommendations in this report, that data will help PBOT establish a baseline for comparison after Bicycling advocates are very vocal in the Portland any changes have been made. region, but we must think about who will be harder to include in the public process of creating a We also expect to find how the information bikeway. Some people who might be missing from collected about the type of rider on 28th Avenue the conversation include: can change by making possible improvements to the corridor. If the majority of bicyclists use 28th • People who ride a bike but don’t identify Avenue, which is a narrow road, because it is the themselves as a “bicyclist” only through-street in the segment, riders and car • Residents drivers are forced to share the road. This can cause • Property owners new or casual riders to be discouraged to ride. A • Industrial companies (Coca-Cola Syrup Plant in gender split of bicyclists can occur; more males will particular) ride over females. • Elderly • Disabled • Low income

We do not know at this point what roadway configurations are being considered, and how those will affect all interested parties. That will need to be explored in the public participation process. Recommendation are included at the end of our report regarding information needed for PBOT to consider obtaining before evaluating the ‘20’s bikeway’ along 28th Avenue.

Team: Brian Emerson, Sravya Garladenne, Brenda Martin, Melissa Mohr 5 IV. Overview of Research Methods

This report presents findings from research carried Parking Space & Land Use Inventory out in October and November of 2012. Our team used a variety of research methods to learn about PBOT’s current proposal for our segment of the our segment of the 20s Bikeway. Below are the 20s Bikeway includes the installation of a striped implementations used for collecting data and our bike lane along 28th Avenue. Installing a bike reasoning for conducting such research methods. lane along 28th could require removing on-street parking on one or both sides of the street, reducing the number of spaces available to residents, businesses and visitors to the area. To get a better Bike Counts understanding of the possible impacts of this Our team conducted bike counts using PBOT’s parking loss we carried out a walking parking space count forms and methodology. We chose four and land use inventory. The inventory covered the different time periods to carry out the counts: two stretch of 28th Ave running from SE Stark and NE during the rush hour commute (one AM, one PM), Glisan (the busiest section of the business corridor). one during weekend brunch hours, and one on After counting parking spaces and recording a weekday night. We conducted counts at three adjacent land uses we compiled these data into locations based on initial reconnaissance research. GIS maps to understand the spatial distribution of We chose the intersection of SE 28th and SE Stark parking spaces along 28th. to understand how people were getting on to SE 28th and which direction they were heading. This intersection also interested us because the Interviews proposed alternate routes break off at SE Stark so it was a useful position to see if many people We conducted four interviews with key local were passing SE 28th to use other north/south stakeholders and interest group representatives, alternatives. We also conducted counts at two including a neighborhood association member, other locations: E Burnside & SE 28th, to study a bicycle advocacy group member, a business the bike traffic headed to & from nightlife in the owner on 28th Avenue, and an employee of area; and SE Stark & SE 27th, to study any potential a nearby church. The interviews gathered in- differences from SE 28th in bike traffic. depth qualitative information about stakeholder attitudes on a range of key topics relevant to the proposed bikeway. The interviewees were asked questions about the level and quality of existing Cyclist Intercept Surveys bike infrastructure, the proposed 20s Bikeway Our team administered a total of thirty-seven routes and alternatives, cyclist and pedestrian cyclist intercept surveys at the intersection of SE safety concerns, equity issues, and the potential 28th Avenue & SE Ankeny Street, a busy location impact of reduced parking for residents and in a lively business district that experiences businesses on 28th Avenue. In addition to providing significant pedestrian, cyclist, and automobile us with information about these specific topics, traffic throughout the day. We surveyed half the interviews gave us more in-depth information of these cyclists on a weekday evening during about the neighborhood surrounding our segment, peak commuting hours (4:30pm to 6:30pm). We allowed us to compare our previous research surveyed the other half on a weekend during findings with other sources of information, brunch hours (11:30am to 1:30pm). Each cyclist and offered us a way to learn about other was asked a series of questions pertaining to their neighborhood issues that PBOT might currently be biking habits, safety concerns, route choices, and unaware of. preferences for different bicycling infrastructure.

USP 533 : Planning Methods I | Asst. Prof. Lisa K. Bates 6 V. Segment Profile

The segment of 28th Avenue between NE Glisan Land Use and SE Belmont is situated in the Kerns and Buckman neighborhoods of Portland. This stretch • SE Belmont to SE Stark is mostly residential with has a high concentration of restaurants and other several single-family homes and some multi- small businesses between NE Glisan and SE Pine, family apartments. and is commonly referred to as ‘Restaurant Row’. • From SE Stark to SE Burnside, there is a mixture Some of the key features of our segment include: of residential and commercial spaces with high volumes of both cyclist and vehicle traffic.

Topography • The Coca-Cola North America plant occupies two blocks between 26th Ave and 28th Ave and • Two blocks of significant hill grade on 28th, is likely to be adversely affected by the loss of from SE Belmont to SE Adler, which pose a on-street parking. challenge for novice cyclists to negotiate. • SE Pine to SE Glisan is a commercial corridor • The stretch of road from SE Adler to NE Glisan is with many restaurants, shops and bars. There relatively flat and easy to ride. is a high volume of cars and cyclists and traffic congestion was observed, predominantly due to cars attempting to parallel park.

• The eastside alternate route, down 29th Ave and 30th Ave, is comprised of wide residential streets with several single-family homes.

• The westside alternate route on 24th Avenue is also a wide, mostly residential route, with a large middle school on the corner of 24th and SE Stark.

Quiet residential street between SE Belmont & SE Stark

Looking south towards intersection of SE Stark & SE 28th.

Team: Brian Emerson, Sravya Garladenne, Brenda Martin, Melissa Mohr 7 Streets Alternate Routes

• No stop signs for north/south traffic between SE • The intersection of SE Burnside and SE 29th Belmont to SE Stark. is a difficult crossing as it has no protected turn signals. Fast flowing traffic and the lack • Although 28th Ave. appears to be the most of signals make the intersection dangerous for used route in this segment, it might not be cyclists. considered the safest due to the amount of car traffic and on-street parking. However, • The eastside alternate route, down 29th Ave the presence of traffic lights at the major & 30th Ave has several north/south stop signs, intersection and easy access to places of slowing down cyclists every other block. interest make this the most desired route from SE Stark to SE Glisan. • The alternate route on 24th Avenue is enticing for its wide streets and low traffic flow, but the • Traffic lights at the intersections of SE Stark, unprotected crossings, as well as its distance SE Burnside and SE Glisan with 28th Avenue from the rest of the bikeway running on 28th, make it safer for cyclist to cross at large arterial may make this route less favorable for cyclists. streets. • The intersections of the arterial streets • 28th and SE Stark is a busy intersection with with 24th Ave, especially at E Burnside and businesses to the east of 28th. The intersection NE Glisan, are unprotected and appeared has a slight jog, requiring cars and cyclists to dangerous for cyclists to cross. turn left then right in order to go straight on 28th. (picture of jog on 28th Ave and SE Stark )

• SE Ankeny and NE Glisan are East-West routes that have existing bike infrastructure. NE Glisan has bike lanes and SE Ankeny has sharrows. SE 28th

SE STARK

N SE 28th

SE 28th has a slight jog at its intersection with SE Stark SE 28th has a slight jog at its intersection with SE Stark

USP 533 : Planning Methods I | Asst. Prof. Lisa K. Bates 8 VI. Findings

a. Cyclist Profile b. Alternate Routes c. Safety d. Bicycle Infrastructure Preferences e. Loss of parking f. Issues of Equity g. Stakeholders

Team: Brian Emerson, Sravya Garladenne, Brenda Martin, Melissa Mohr 9 a. Cyclist Profile

One of the main purposes of this study is to find Male & White: out who is currently using the bikeway, where they are riding, and how that might change with the 64% of the cyclists from Bicycle Counts and 70% of proposed 20s bikeway project. The demographic cyclists from the Intercept Surveys are male. 89% of information from the surveys helped the research the cyclists surveyed identify themselves are White team understand if and how behaviors and or Caucasian. attitudes differ among different population groups. Additionally, information about the cyclist profile will help PBOT prioritize who to develop the Between 35-55 yrs of age: bikeway for. 35% of the surveyed cyclists reported that they are We counted 678 bicyclists and surveyed 37 between 35-44 yrs old. 27% were between 45-54 bicyclists to get a sense of the type of user years old, 19% were between 25-34 years old, and currently riding on 28th Ave. The data gathered 9% each were between 18-24 and 55-64 years old. from bicycle counts and bike surveys indicate that (see age breakdown chart) currently, the average user of the bikeway is:

Age

13 Total bicyclists: 37

4 3

0 0

< 18 yrs 18-24 yrs 25-34 yrs 35-44 yrs 45-54 yrs 55-64 yrs > 64 yrs

USP 533 : Planning Methods I | Asst. Prof. Lisa K. Bates 10 Riding on 28th Avenue: Commuting to work:

85% of all cyclists counted riding through the 38% of surveyed cyclists reported that they were intersections of 28th Avenue and E Burnside, and commuting to work. This was closely followed by 28th Avenue and SE Stark were riding north or biking for leisure at 23%, followed by errands at south on 28th (578 out of 678 cyclists). Conversely, 19% and followed by exercise or ‘other’ at 10% 15% of all cyclists counted riding through these each. See Trip Purpose chart. intersections were biking east or west only (104 out of 678 cyclists).

Trip Purpose Total bicyclists: 37 18

5 5

Work Exercise Errands Leisure School

Team: Brian Emerson, Sravya Garladenne, Brenda Martin, Melissa Mohr 11 More likely to wear a helmet : Biking more than 5 times a week:

62% of cyclists were counted wearing helmets. 68% 70% of cyclists reported that they bike 5 or more of women were wearing helmets as compared to times a week, 30% of cyclists bike at least once a 59% of men who were wearing helmets. (see chart week, but not daily. (frequency of bicycling chart) with helmet use)

Biking about the same in cold or wet weather: Enthusiastic and Confident while riding on the streets of Portland : 65% of the bikers surveyed reported that they bike about the same in cold or wet weather, followed by 76% of bikers surveyed described themselves as an 30% who said they would bike less often. “enthusiastic and confident” bikers. 22% said they were “Strong and Fearless”. (type of cyclist chart)

Helmet Use By Observed Gender

253

Helmet No Helmet 176 167 Total: 678

3 1

Male Female Unknown

USP 533 : Planning Methods I | Asst. Prof. Lisa K. Bates 12 Further Research • Any improvements made to 28th Ave should prioritize the safety of cyclists, which The proposed bikeway is likely to improve ridership might encourage more “interested but on 28th Avenue. As indicated by the data, the concerned” riders. Safer infrastructure might average biker on 28th Ave. is usually enthusiastic also encourage more female cyclists and and confident when biking. based on our research, increase how often they choose bicycling for we recommend the following next steps: transportation.

• Efforts should be made to find out why there is a gender and race disparity among cyclists. The findings from these efforts can determine how to encourage a more diverse set of riders on 28th Avenue.

Cold / Wet Weather Biking Total bicyclists: 37

Less Often About the Same More Often

Team: Brian Emerson, Sravya Garladenne, Brenda Martin, Melissa Mohr 13 b. Alternate Routes

The core question that our research seeks to However, due to it’s connectivity, 28th will be used answer is: is 28th the best way to get from SE by at least some bicyclists no matter how attractive Belmont to NE Glisan between 20th and 30th the alternatives are. 28th will need to be improved; on a bicycle? Our interviewees suggested that alternative routes give us more options with the possibility of 21st, 24th, or 29th should be regards to how much. explored. Further Research 28th Avenue is the only through-street on our route; utilizing any others would require a jog of • If the bike route was on a street other than 28th at least one block. Most of our surveyed bicyclists Avenue, would any businesses lose customers? prefer to avoid jogs, but we didn’t define for our surveyed bicyclists whether the term “jog” means a • Investigate using 24th Avenue and possible misaligned intersection like 28th Avenue & SE Stark connections to freeway overpass. Street, or if it meant travelling several blocks out of • Investigate developing 24th Avenue with bike your way. (add Jogs Graph) lanes to accommodate the cautious bicyclists, If implemented on 28th Avenue, a 20’s bikeway and only minor changes to 28th Avenue to might draw a small amount of bicycle traffic off of increase the safety of those who are not afraid the alternate routes and push a small amount of of it and will always take most direct route. car traffic onto the alternate routes, but the best alternative to 28th Avenue might be 30th Avenue. If we were not limited to the 20’s streets, we would suggest studying 30th as an alternative to 28th Avenue. Likelihood of Choosing a Route Without Jogs

Total: 37 13 12 12

0 0

Much less likely Somewhat less Neither Somewhat more Much more likely likely likely USP 533 : Planning Methods I | Asst. Prof. Lisa K. Bates 14 c. Safety

Safety is a question of degrees, since we can never The safety issue that came up the most was ‘being eliminate all risk. We need to select a point on the doored’, followed closely by ‘hit by car’. The safety safety/risk spectrum that balances many conflicting concerns that didn’t come up very often were needs: bicyclists, drivers, speed, access, comfort, ‘crash into pedestrian’, ‘crash into cyclist’, and a etc. The second aspect of safety that makes it variety of ‘other’: especially difficult to quantify and work with is perceived safety versus actual safety. Sometimes • Visibility perceptions of safety trumps actual safety. • Pavement condition • Forced off road by cars All the interviewees and surveyed bicyclists are concerned about safety, but everyone has their • Crossing Burnside Street own individual preference for balancing safety and other needs. The presence of a bike lane or very wide lane of travel is the best of both worlds because it allows bicyclists to choose the level of safety that feels best to them – they can ride separately or take the lane and ride with cars. (See Safety Concerns Chart) Safety Concerns on 28th

33 Bicyclists were allowed to express more than one safety concern Total bicyclists: 37 Total concerns cited: 83 28

6 4

Hit by Car Doored Crash into Crash into Cyclist Other Pedestrian Team: Brian Emerson, Sravya Garladenne, Brenda Martin, Melissa Mohr 15 A separated bike lane would decrease actual risk and perceived risk of being hit or side-swiped by a car, but a few bicyclists surveyed said they didn’t like bike lanes because they ‘force’ the bicyclist to ride very close to parked cars, which increases the risk of being doored. We know less about the efficacy of sharrows, but they are only recommended on streets with low traffic volumes where the risks from car traffic are already low.

Traffic is supposed to be calmed by narrow streets, on-street parking, street trees, building close to the front lot line, and bulb-outs at intersections, amongst other techniques. Despite possessing all of the listed traffic calming techniques, one interviewee said that speeding on 28th Avenue was a problem, and another interviewee said aggressive passing (revving the engine real high once a vehicle finally has an opportunity to pass a bicyclist, in http://www.patricia-fan.com/bicycle-safety-tips.html order to express displeasure at being held up by a slow road user) was a problem.

Further Research

• Investigate the feasibility of removing parking along the bikeway. There is very little that could be done that would increase bicyclist safety more than removing parked cars.

• Adding bike route signage will help signal to drivers that they should expect to encounter bicyclists, and that bicyclists belong on this street. Signs will also help bicyclists find and follow this route because some jogs are unavoidable.

• Further study is needed regarding traffic calming measures that could be added to 28th Avenue.

USP 533 : Planning Methods I | Asst. Prof. Lisa K. Bates 16 d. Bicycle Infrastructure Preferences

With this study, we aimed to find out what bicycle Cyclists prefer buffered bikeway improvements are desirable for this stretch of the bikeway. Using surveys we collected data on Of the cyclists who responded that they were cyclist preferences for bike infrastructure and comfortable with bike infrastructure, the most used interviews to collect opinions of potential preferred infrastructure improvement is a buffered stakeholders on what kind of bike infrastructure is bike lane at 23% and bike boxes are the least best suited for the 28th Avenue corridor. preferred at 15%.

Most of the infrastructure preferences for bicyclists have been derived from our surveys. Our data Sharrows slow down traffic: indicates that: The bike advocacy group representative said that placing sharrows on busier streets could lead to Cyclists would feel more comfortable biking if lower car traffic in the area and could potentially there was appropriate infrastructure in place encourage more ‘interested but concerned’ bikers to ride. All the interviewees are supportive of 82% of the surveyed cyclists responded that they infrastructure improvements as traffic calming would feel more or much more comfortable biking measures. The neighborhood association on infrastructure such as bike lanes, buffered bike representative suggests using traffic calming lanes, sharrows, bike boxes and cycle tracks. 12% of techniques with sharrows to change the street the respondents said that they would neither feel character, thus eliminating the need for a dedicated comfortable nor uncomfortable with infrastructure bike lane and its accompanied loss of parking. improvements. (bike infrastructure chart) Bicyclist Preference for Bike Infrastructure Bicyclists were allowed to express a preference for more than one infrastructure type Total bicyclists: 37 Total preferences expressed: 151 35 33 31 30

Bike Lane Bike Sharrows Buffered Bike Cycle Track Bike Box Lane

Team: Brian Emerson, Sravya Garladenne, Brenda Martin, Melissa Mohr 17 Businesses and Residents are mostly Further Research supportive of the proposed Bikeway The proposed bikeway is likely to gain wide According to the neighborhood association support. However, loss of parking that will result representatives, many residents and businesses from putting in a bike lane is likely to attract in the neighborhood are supportive of new bike opposition from business owners. More data infrastructure, including improvements to 28th collection is suggested to gain knowledge about Avenue - even at the expense of some on-street these issues: parking spaces. • The feasibility of phasing bike improvements, spatially or over time, to mitigate the effects of Phasing infrastructure on the 28th can be a lost car parking in the area. good thing • Efforts should be made to utilize traffic calming To deal with opposition for the bikeway from improvements to enable the preservation of businesses, stemming from the loss of parking, parking and improve safety. phasing bike infrastructure may be a good idea. • Special attention needs to be given to improve Starting out with a low impact improvement, signage along the bikeway to enable better way- even something as small as a bike corral, finding. eases businesses into supporting major bike improvements. The phasing process, whether undertaken spatially or over time, helps businesses understand that more bicyclists in the area can lead to better business. This theory was corroborated by the neighborhood association, who said that the presence of existing bike corrals on 28th makes businesses more supportive of infrastructure improvements. Another suggestion for phasing came from the bike advocacy group who suggested introducing sharrows and then easing into building a bike lane to get support despite loss of parking.

28th Ave needs better signage

The representative from the bicycle advocacy group brought up the need for better signage accompanying bike routes. He said that signage is better for wayfinding than sharrow or bike lane markings on the route. SE 28th has a slight jog at its intersection with SE Stark

USP 533 : Planning Methods I | Asst. Prof. Lisa K. Bates 18 e. Parking Loss

Installing a striped bike lane along 28th would likely Parking Space & Land Use Inventory Findings require removing on-street parking on one or both sides of the street, reducing the number of spaces • There are a total of approximately 465 parking available to residents, businesses and visitors to spaces located on or near 28th Avenue the area. Residents living in single- or multi-family between SE Stark and NE Glisan. 263 of these housing without dedicated off-street parking are are on-street parking spaces while 202 are presumably dependent on on-street parking and located off-street in parking lots, garages or could be burdened by a loss of spaces to other driveways. uses. Similarly, the section of 28th • If a striped bike lane were installed along 28th Avenue between SE Stark and NE Glisan is a lively Avenue, approximately 161 on-street parking business district that experiences significant visitor spaces could be lost, over one-third (34.6%) of traffic (pedestrian, cyclist, transit and automobiles). the total available parking spaces counted for To get a better understanding of the possible the area between SE Stark and NE Glisan. (see impacts of this loss of parking, we carried out a on-street parking table) parking space and land use inventory along 28th • There are 4 on-street bike corrals located in Avenue and interviewed four key stakeholders. different spots along 28th Avenue between SE Our major findings from the inventories and Stark and NE Glisan. All four bike corrals could interviews are included below. We have also be lost if a striped bike lane were installed on included total counts and GIS maps from our 28th. parking and land use inventories in the appendix. • There are no on-street parking spaces along 28th Avenue between SE Stark and NE Glisan that are reserved for persons with disabilities.

Number of On-Street Parking Spaces on 28th Avenue by Block

Block West side of 28th East side of 28th Total Stark - Pine 21 14 35 Pine - Ash 9 10 19 Ash - Ankeny 5 8 13 Ankeny - Burnside 4 11 15 Burnside - Couch 4 9 13 Couch - Everett 15 17 32 Everett - Flanders 9 10 19 Flanders - Glisan 4 11 15 Total 71 90 161

Team: Brian Emerson, Sravya Garladenne, Brenda Martin, Melissa Mohr 19 Residential Access to Off-Street Parking Spaces Number of Have Lack Housing Type Structures Off-Parking Off-Parking

SF Houses 23 17 6

MF Houses & Apts. 15 8 7

• There are approximately 64 businesses (including 5 vacant commercial spaces) located on 28th Avenue between SE Stark and NE Glisan. In addition to on-street parking spaces, there are approximately 100 off-street spaces located in 5 restricted business parking lots off 28th in this area.

• 17 out of the 23 single-family homes counted along 28th have at least one off-street parking space (located in garages or driveways). Conversely, 6 single-family homes have no off- street parking spaces. These homes presumably SE 28th & SE Pine: Car parking replaced to accommodate bikes depend on on-street parking spaces. (see off- street parking table) Interview Findings • 7 out of the 15 multi-family homes and apartment buildings located along 28th Avenue Businesses Split: appear to lack any observable off-street parking Three of our interviewees noted that businesses (including dedicated parking lots, garages or would likely be divided over loss of parking, some driveways). However, of the 7 units lacking off- would support new bike infrastructure on 28th street parking, 4 are smaller buildings (with 2 Avenue, even at the expense of some street or fewer residences). The remaining 3 buildings parking spaces. Others would likely oppose projects have 5 or fewer residences. that reduced parking. The business owner that • All of the larger multi-family apartment we interviewed noted that certain businesses buildings (with 5 or more residences) have along 28th depend on on-street parking for dedicated off-street parking spaces. In total, loading and unloading vendor shipments. The there are 6 private residential parking lots with interviewee also noted that many business believed approximately 68 off-street parking spaces for that most of their customers walk, bike or take residents living along 28th. transit to their establishments, so they were not particularly concerned with losing parking. Finally, the interviewees from the Kerns Neighborhood Association indicated that they had completed their own survey of businesses along 28th to find out how they would feel about losing parking. Their results also suggested that the business community is divided.

USP 533 : Planning Methods I | Asst. Prof. Lisa K. Bates 20 Demand for Existing Parking Spaces: Further Research There is already a high demand for parking during Based on these findings, we recommend that PBOT peak hours. Parking availability is most restricted consider taking the following actions: along 28th in the evening when people travel to restaurants, bars and the movie theater in the area and when students are dropped off and picked up from Da Vinci Middle School on NE Everett just • Perform a parking use survey to determine west of 28th. A few of our interviewees noted that the utilization rate of parking spaces along losing parking on 28th Avenue could push traffic and near 28th Avenue, especially during peak out into surrounding neighborhoods in search of hours of activity, including in the evening when parking, especially during these busier hours. people travel to restaurants, bars and the movie theater in the area, and when students are dropped off and picked up from Da Vinci Middle School on NE Everett just west of 28th. Neighborhood Parking Controversies: • Perform door-to-door or mail surveys of According to the neighborhood association, many businesses and residents located on 28th residents and businesses in the neighborhood are Avenue between SE Stark and NE Glisan to supportive of new bike infrastructure, however find out how they would be impacted by lost parking has recently become a contentious issue parking. in the Kerns neighborhood, mostly related to new apartment buildings built without dedicated • Carry out shopper intercept surveys to parking. For instance, a group of Kerns neighbors understand how reduced parking could impact have recently organized against an apartment businesses in the area. building on 30th Ave and E Burnside. Our interviewees from Kerns Neighborhood Association noted that parking issues had “dominated” recent neighborhood association meetings. In fact, the Association has even considered creating a parking committee. Consequently, one of our interviewees noted that “in the near term, if the city were to move on 28th, they would get push back” (Brendon Haggerty, Kerns Neighborhood Association).

Neighborhood Association Bike Advocacy Committee:

The interviewees from the Bike Advocacy Committee indicated that they had already approached the City asking for more bike infrastructure in the neighborhood, including along the 28th Avenue business corridor. They were clearly aware of the potential conflict over parking space loss and had many ideas on how to generate support among residents and business owners.

Team: Brian Emerson, Sravya Garladenne, Brenda Martin, Melissa Mohr 21 f. Issues of Equity

During reconnaissance performed at the beginning of our project, we reported potential equity issues related to the development of the SE Belmont-NE “Equity is when everyone has access Glisan section of the planned ‘20s Bikeway’. Our to the opportunities necessary to satisfy their biggest concern was the potential negative equity essential needs, advance their well-being and impacts of losing street parking along 28th Ave. achieve their full potential. We have a shared fate as individuals within a community and as We wanted to focus on several aspects of equity communities within society. All communities need impact assessment for the ‘20s bikeway’ project. the ability to shape their own present and future. Specifically we asked to know how a striped Equity is both the means to healthy communities lane would impact equity issues, if the bike lane and an end that benefits us all.” - From the Portland Plan would have any negative impacts on surrounding communities and if any ‘protected classes’ would be disproportionately impacted by the project.

Through our data findings we have been able Potential negative equity impacts of losing street to answer a few of these questions, but some parking along 28th Ave: questions remain unanswered and will require PBOT to perform additional research to confirm that no protected classes are negatively impacted Residents by the route.

The installation of a striped bike lane along 28th Avenue would reduce the number of street parking spaces available to local residents, businesses and visitors to the neighborhood. We found that Relevant City, State, and Federal 161 parking spots could be potentially lost by Protected Classes the implementation of a bikeway. At least three population classes – low income, disabled and • Race, Color, National Origin elderly – could be disproportionately affected by • Limited English Proficiency, the loss of street parking spaces. • Sex (including pregnancy-related conditions) • Religion • Age In considering low-income residents, it was difficult • Physical or Mental Disability to find those type of classes represented in the • Low income Kerns and Buckman neighborhoods. In order to deduce the number of multi-family versus single- Other Disadvantaged Persons family homes along the 28th Avenue corridor we conducted a land use inventory. The inventory found that there were 23 single-family residences • Unwell (but not disabled) on 28th Avenue and 15 multi-family residences on • Large family size • People who need a vehicle for their job, the street. 17 out of the 23 single-family homes • Households that earn income at locations counted along 28th have at least one off-street that are not near each other parking space, while 8 out of the 15 multi-family buildings located along 28th Avenue appear to have off-street parking lots. It is important to note that

USP 533 : Planning Methods I | Asst. Prof. Lisa K. Bates 22 all of the larger multi-family apartment buildings (with 5 or more residences) have dedicated off- street parking spaces. In total, there are 6 private residential parking lots with approximately 68 off-street parking spaces for residents living along 28th. Over three-quarters of the residents living in Kerns and Buckman are renters. Reducing parking on 28th Avenue could potentially impact low-income renters who lack access to off-street parking. The impact could be positive or negative depending on their modes of transportation and where they live in relation to 28th Avenue.

Looking south towards intersection of SE Stark & SE 28th.

If parking is indeed as scarce as it appears to be parking spaces. Whether or not these on-the-spot from our inventory, other ‘protected classes’ of equity assessments are correct, the fact that they the population might also be negatively impacted were raised at all suggests that they might be by the loss of parking spaces. These would include worthy of further investigation. classes of individuals who cannot ride bikes to or from the neighborhood for reasons that relate directly to their protected status. Our parking inventory counted zero disabled on-street parking Commercial spots along 28th Avenue. We observed that four There are potentially four affected parties when disabled spots were found in private business lots a business loses some or all of its parking: the reserved for customers. Our findings show that property owner, the business owner, staff, and less able-bodied populations may find it difficult customers. If street parking is lost in a commercial to live in or visit the immediate neighborhoods corridor like 28th Ave, we must investigate which surrounding 28th Avenue. businesses are auto-oriented, what type of deliveries are being made to the businesses and if businesses serve customers who cannot easily walk Other potential equity issues that came up in our or bike. The businesses on our segment of 28th interview findings were that a new bike lane could Ave. never had a large amount of parking to begin increase property values and rents for businesses with; there are no suburban-style big box stores or and residents along 28th, with potentially mixed, drive-throughs (although there is a drive- through but on balance, positive impacts. Kerns has a espresso stand one block east on Burnside), so very high population of renters (around 80%) and at this point at least some of their customers reduced parking could affect them the most. Our are already walking or biking. Our interview interviewee at Kerns Neighborhood Association findings from business owners told us that the suggested that renters who move into housing businesses did have concerns with deliveries along without dedicated off-street parking do not expect 28th Avenue and also stated that most of their to have access to street parking. They stated that customers walked or biked to their restaurants. renters would benefit from new bike infrastructure They mentioned that drivers knew that 28th is on 28th because they are often lower income always congested so they try not to drive. and lack automobiles, so it would meet their transportation needs better than a few on-street

Team: Brian Emerson, Sravya Garladenne, Brenda Martin, Melissa Mohr 23 Further Research “Impact is an intentional or unintentional, positive or negative consequence • We recommended mailing out surveys to of a policy, procedure or program. Impacts residents on or within one block of 28th can result from both actions and inactions.” Avenue to collect the data needed to assess equity impacts. PBOT could ask about general demographics like age, ethnicity, language spoken at home, ages of any children, disability, their preferred form of transportation, and if they own a car. Presence and quantity of young children is an important data point because it might sound easy to go to the store on a bike to buy a box of cereal, but if that person has four kids, that person is going to take a car because the four kids can’t be left home alone.

• A way for PBOT to collect data regarding business and commercial usage to assess equity impacts would be to gather information about the types of businesses in the area; who uses them, who works there and where these people come from. We would want to know if business owners, employees, or customers are members of a protected class. PBOT could collect this data with formal interviews, observation or survey collection.

“The City of Portland, Bureau of Transportation (PBOT) assures that no person shall, on the grounds of race, color, national origin, limited English proficiency, sex, income, age or disability, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or otherwise be subjected to discrimination under any of its programs or activities, whether they are federally funded or not.”

-- From City of Portland Bureau of Transportation Title VI Civil Rights Program, Non-Discrimination Policy and Non-Discrimination Agreement for Certified Local Agencies (Ordinance No. 182745)

USP 533 : Planning Methods I | Asst. Prof. Lisa K. Bates 24 g. Stakeholders

A major point of interest when planning a ‘bikeway’ Church Group - Gail Morris of Holy Trinity Greek along the 28th Avenue business corridor is relevant Orthodox Church was interviewed to answer some stakeholders who must be considered in decisions potential equity concerns for ethnic immigrant regarding infrastructure changes to the area. and minority groups because the Greek Orthodox Through interviews conducted by team members, Church is located close to the proposed bike route. some key figures were uncovered who should be We learned from her that the church congregation included in PBOT’s stakeholder advisory committee comes from all over the greater Portland region (SAC). Potential equity issues for residents and and very few ride their bike in this area. She feels businesses, loss of parking and implications of improving the bicycle infrastructure on 28th would new bike infrastructure will ultimately be deciding have little to no impact at Holy Trinity. factors on who will need to have a voice at future SAC meetings.

For our interviews, we identified four people who were potential stakeholders, representing different interest groups who are likely to be affected by this project. These stakeholders are:

Business Owners – There are many restaurants and businesses on 28th, who are likely to be affected by loss of parking. An interview with Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Church Jimmy Lagen, co-owner of Beulahland Restaurant, Source: Google Street View was conducted to get a sense of business owners’ attitude towards parking, their perceptions of impacts of a bike lane and to get a general sense of their support for the project.

Bike Advocacy Group – Carl Larson, advocate at Bicycle Transportation Alliance (BTA), was interviewed to find out more about the challenges faced by bikers in this area, their safety concerns and their relationship with businesses on 28th.

Neighborhood Advocacy Group – Brendon Haggerty, co-chair of Kerns Neighborhood Association, was interviewed to get a sense of potential impacts of the bike lane on residents who would be impacted and whether they are impacted positively or negatively. http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&tbo=d&rlz=1C1GPCK_enUS382US382&authus er=0&biw=1680&bih=892&tbm=isch&tbnid=dYzv4nboquBHZM:&imgrefurl=http://vimeo.com/ bta4bikes&docid=WK0mI_8K_Vt93M&imgurl=http://b.vimeocdn.com/ps/237/756/2377563_300. jpg&w=300&h=300&ei=_gDBUJjbKaOpiQL964HYCA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=4&vpy=169&dur=414&ho vh=225&hovw=225&tx=82&ty=91&sig=103958086568365495714&page=1&tbnh=144&tbnw=144&sta rt=0&ndsp=44&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:85

Team: Brian Emerson, Sravya Garladenne, Brenda Martin, Melissa Mohr 25 Detailed Findings:

From our conversations with the above mentioned people, we discovered issues that matter the most to those most affected by the implementation of a bikeway along 28th Avenue. Some relevant findings from our interviews with these groups include:

Parking Issues

• Many interviewees stated that businesses will be divided over loss of parking and there is Coca-Cola Building http://www.portlandground.com/archives/2005/03/28th_ave_cocaco.php&docid=k5VrJ_ likely to be some opposition to the project. CPBKUNmM&imgurl=http://www.portlandground.com/kerns/205-03-29-28thCocaColaBldg-. jpg&w=700&h=471&ei=af_AUK3XIcTcigKH44HYDw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=758&vpy=144&dur=30&ho vh=184&hovw=274&tx=107&ty=107&sig=103958086568365495714&page=1&tbnh=143&tbnw=212& • Loss of parking on 28th Avenue can mean start=0&ndsp=42&ved=1t:429,r:22,s:0,i:157 that traffic is pushed out to quieter streets in search of parking, altering the character of the Bicycle Infrastructure and Safety : neighborhood. • According to the Kerns Neighborhood • Some businesses along 28th Avenue would Association representative, many residents and be affected by loss of parking as they are businesses in the community are supportive dependent on on-street parking for loading and of new bike infrastructure, including on 28th unloading shipments. Avenue - even at the expense of some street parking spaces. • The Coca-Cola Company owns a large syrup plant that occupies two entire city blocks. • All the interviewees agreed that bicycle safety Parking for employees that work in the plant is a major concern on the route and this is a key is all on-street on 28th. Freight trucks also reason for supporting new infrastructure on this use 28th to maneuver in and out of the plant. route. On one hand, the company might oppose the project because their employees would have • All the interviewees agreed that 28th was the to park further away. On the other, they might best choice for a bike route because it is the support the project because removing parking most direct and efficient route. Additionally, from 28th Avenue would make it easier for their 28th offers the best balance of risk and trucks to make turns. convenience (directness) at the I-84 highway crossing.

• The Neighborhood Association & bike advocacy groups suggested that additional bike infrastructure is needed to improve the safety of 28th from SE Ankeny to NE Sandy (including the intersections at 28th & Glisan and 28th & Burnside, and more generally, at any Glisan or Burnside intersection throughout the neighborhood). Even minor changes will greatly improve safety and the biking experience in general.

USP 533 : Planning Methods I | Asst. Prof. Lisa K. Bates 26 Issues of Equity:

• Contrary to what was estimated in our reports previously, the Holy Trinity Church congregation is unlikely to experience any negative impacts of the proposed bikeway in terms of equity. The church is no longer the hub of a community of nearby recent immigrants, as previously imagined.

Further research

A few suggestions for PBOT regarding potential stakeholders:

• Engage the business community and make sure that everyone is included in the conversation regarding infrastructure changes on 28th Avenue. Place special focus on Coca-Cola and their use of 28th for freight truck deliveries.

• Neighborhood residents are particularly sensitive to the possible loss of parking. Involve the members who have made parking a special interest of theirs.

• Engage bicycle groups and their opinions on what might work best for a bike route implementation process.

• Attempt to find cyclists who would fall in the category of “interested but concerned”. They may be the hardest group to find but they will have great insight on the issue of safety for amateur cyclists.

Team: Brian Emerson, Sravya Garladenne, Brenda Martin, Melissa Mohr 27 VII. Recommendations and Next Steps

Our major recommendations and next steps for Potential Stakeholders PBOT are: The potential implementation of a bikeway will greatly decrease parking along 28th Avenue but • Investigate the feasibility of phasing bike increase the safety of cyclists. Our data suggests improvements, spatially or over time, to that stakeholders with investment in either of mitigate the effects of lost car parking in the these issues should be included in the conversation area. about a bikeway on 28th Ave. We discovered that these groups will be businesses, both commercial • Perform a parking use inventory to determine and industrial, residential neighbors, both on 28th the utilization rate of parking spaces along and on adjacent streets, and bicycle groups that and near 28th Avenue, especially during peak may know the best routes needed to make cycling hours of activity, including in the evening when safe and efficient for their community. There must people travel to restaurants, bars and the movie also be a special focus on industrial companies theater in the area, and when students are in the periphery, particularly Coca-Cola on 28th dropped off and picked up from Da Vinci Middle Avenue, who have a lot to lose if their freight truck School on NE Everett just west of 28th. routes are disrupted by potential changes to the design of 28th. The prominence of the business • Carry out shopper intercept surveys to corridor along our segment compelled our group understand how reduced parking could impact to recommend a separate SAC than the north and businesses in the area. south part of the ‘20s bikeway’. Many issues will be contentious in this area of the bike route and these • Perform door-to-door or mail surveys of issue will have to be dealt with in-depth, and with businesses and residents located on 28th particular attention. Avenue between SE Stark and NE Glisan to find out how they would be impacted by lost parking. Also PBOT could find out if business owners, employees, or customers are members of a protected class or if residents have distinct equity issues that should be discussed at time of evaluation.

USP 533 : Planning Methods I | Asst. Prof. Lisa K. Bates 28 Technical Appendix A Parking, Bike Infrastructure and Land Use Tables

Parking Space Inventory Totals

Number of Off-Street Parking Spaces Along 28th Ave Number of On-Street Parking Spaces On/Near 28th Ave spaces in lots, etc off intersecting streets up to the end of the first/corner (includes spaces on intersecting streets up to the end of the first/corner lot) ( lot) Block Residential Business Unrestricted Time restricted Garage or Total Parking Metered Loading zone Disabled Other parking lot parking lot /undesignated (sign) driveway Spaces /structure /structure

Stark - Pine 51 0 0 0 0 0 16 4 9 80

Pine - Ash 32 0 0 0 0 0 6 19 0 57

Ash - Ankeny 8 0 19 0 0 0 2 3 0 32

Ankeny - Burnside 15 0 7 1 0 0 0 28 22 73

Burnside - Couch 6 0 13 1 0 0 0 0 15 35

Couch - Everett 33 0 13 2 0 0 7 4 0 59

Everett - Flanders 26 0 7 0 0 0 0 10 40 83

Flanders - Glisan 22 0 7 0 0 0 3 0 14 46

Total spaces 193 0 66 4 0 0 34 68 100 465

Bike, Transit and Pedestrian Infrastructure Totals

Block On-street bike Marked Traffic Bike racks Bus stops Crosswalk parking bike routes lights corrals

Stark - Pine 13 1 0 0 1 3

Pine - Ash 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ash - Ankeny 12 1 0 0 0 0

Ankeny - Burnside 13 0 1 1 0 2

Burnside - Couch 4 0 0 0 1 2

Couch - Everett 17 2 0 0 0 1

Everett - Flanders 3 0 0 0 0 0

Flanders - Glisan 7 0 1 1 1 4

Totals 69 4 2 2 3 12

Team: Brian Emerson, Sravya Garladenne, Brenda Martin, Melissa Mohr 29 Technical Appendix B GIS Maps from Parking & Land Use Inventory

GLISAN 7 10 4 11 4

2 4

H FLANDERS 3 T

2 5

10 10

9 9 29 2

5 4 EVERETT 3 4

Mixed Use is a mixture of residential and Parking Land Use commercial uses on the same property, but not necessarily in the same building. Two Commercial unrelated commercial uses would just be For Cars Commercial, not mixed. Mixed Use Multi-Family Any category of land use might have parking For Bikes on it, but the Parking category is just lots that Single Family have nothing but parking. Loading Zone Vacant PARKING: The number in the circle is the amount of Parking parking spaces in that location. / Not Surveyed Circles in a lot represent off-street parking. Circles on the street represent on-street parking. 0 50 100 200 Feet

USP 533 : Planning Methods I | Asst. Prof. Lisa K. Bates 30 5 4 EVERETT

T 3

4 2

2 8 6

6 4 2 DAVIS H

9 9

9 2 18 COUCH 2 4

Parking Land Use Mixed Use is a mixture of residential and commercial uses on the same property, but not necessarily in Commercial the same building. Two unrelated commercial uses would just be Commercial, not mixed. Mixed Use Any category of land use might have parking on it, but Multi-Family the Parking category is just lots that have nothing but Single Family parking. Vacant PARKING: The number in the circle is the amount of parking Parking spaces in that location.

Not Surveyed Circles in a lot represent off-street parking. Circles on the street represent on-street parking.

0 50 100 200 Feet

Team: Brian Emerson, Sravya Garladenne, Brenda Martin, Melissa Mohr 31 2 18 COUCH 2 4

9 2 15 4

BURNSIDE 8

4 11 22 28

4 3

H ANKENY

2 2 3

Not Surveyed Circles in a lot represent off-street parking. Circles on the street represent on-street parking.

0 50 100 200 Feet

USP 533 : Planning Methods I | Asst. Prof. Lisa K. Bates 32 4 3 ANKENY 2 3

5 8

4 5 ASH H 2

7 2

2 9 4 9 10

15 H

5 8 2 4 3 PINE 4

Not Surveyed Circles in a lot represent off-street parking. Circles on the street represent on-street parking.

0 50 100 200 Feet

Team: Brian Emerson, Sravya Garladenne, Brenda Martin, Melissa Mohr 33 15 5 4 3 PINE 4 12 4 9 7

8 2

2 OAK 4

12 7

9 2 STARK

Not Surveyed Circles in a lot represent off-street parking. Circles on the street represent on-street parking.

0 50 100 200 Feet

USP 533 : Planning Methods I | Asst. Prof. Lisa K. Bates 34