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Trabajo De Titulación.Pdf UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación CARRERA DE CULTURA FISICA “LAS PRUEBAS DE GRAN FONDO EN LA PROVINCIA DEL AZUAY, CARACTERIZACION FISICA – TECNICA Y TACTICA – PSICOLOGICA” Cuenca, 2015. Trabajo de Titulación previo a la obtención del Título de Licenciada en Ciencias de la Educación, en la especialización de Cultura Física. Autora: Rocio Jimena Iñamagua Uyaguari Tutor: Dr. Patricio Martín Caldas Sacaquirin CUENCA – ECUADOR 2016 Universidad de Cuenca RESUMEN Este trabajo de titulación implica un inicial e inédito proceso de investigación científica y social acerca de los aspectos físicos, técnicos, tácticos y psicológicos de las pruebas atléticas de largo aliento (maratón y Ultramaratón) que se realizan en la ciudad de Cuenca y su región de influencia. Incorpora además los aspectos históricos y vivenciales de las grandes maratones del mundo lo que sirve a la autora para realizar el análisis comparativo correspondiente y exponerlo en una sistematización de experiencias que permiten apreciar a fondo las características de estas pruebas así como permiten configurar las propuestas de mejoramiento para la ejecución de dichas pruebas, todo ello en función de las características promediales del atleta maratonista o ultramaratonista. La realización del presente Trabajo de Titulación se basó en la profunda investigación bibliográfica, de sus fuentes originales que reposan en la empresa ACSAM, CONSULTORES, complementado con la investigación exploratoria de las características de atletas y de su proceso de entrenamiento deportivo, insumos que nos permiten finalmente realizar la propuesta final con la que se valida la investigación integral. PALABRAS CLAVES: Cultura Física. Maratón. Ultra Maratón. Atletismo. Entrenamiento deportivo. Atleta. Resultados deportivos. Preparación física. Preparación técnica. Preparación táctica. Preparación psicológica. Rocío Jimena Iñamagua Uyaguari 2 Universidad de Cuenca SUMMARY This work titration involves an initial and unprecedented process of scientific and social research on the physical, technical, tactical and psychological aspects of the athletic long-winded (marathon and ultramarathon) taking place in the city of Cuenca and its region influence. It also incorporates historical and experiential aspects of the great marathons in the world which serves the author to make the corresponding comparative analysis and expose a systematization of experiences that allow appreciate fully the characteristics of these tests and to configure the proposals for improvement for the execution of those tests, all depending on the characteristics promediales marathoner or ultramarathoner athlete. The completion of this work Qualification was based on deep bibliographic research, from their original sources that rest in the company ACSAM, CONSULTANTS, supplemented by exploratory research on the characteristics of athletes and their sports training process, inputs that allow us finally make the final proposal that comprehensive research is validated. KEYWORDS: Physical Culture. Marathon. Ultra Marathon. Athletics. Sports training. Athlete. Sports scores. Physical training. Technical preparation. Tactical preparation. Psychological preparation Rocío Jimena Iñamagua Uyaguari 3 Universidad de Cuenca INDICE RESUMEN .................................................................................................................. 2 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................. 3 INTRODUCCION GENERAL .................................................................................... 13 CAPITULO I: ............................................................................................................ 15 ANALISIS HISTORICO EVOLUTIVO DEL MARATON. .......................................... 15 1.1. EL ORIGEN LEGENDARIO DEL MARATÓN ................................................. 16 1.2. LA MARATON EN LOS JUEGOS OLIMPICOS MODERNOS. ....................... 17 1.2.1. La Maratón en los primeros Juegos Olímpicos: Atenas (1896) ................... 18 1.2.2. El Maratón de Londres, 1908. ..................................................................... 19 1.2.3. La Maratón de los Juegos Olímpicos de Amberes 1920. ............................ 20 1.2.4. La Maratón en los Juegos Olímpicos de Berlín de 1936. ............................ 22 1.2.5. La Maratón en los Juegos Olímpicos de Londres 1948............................... 23 1.2.6. La Maratón en los Juegos Olímpicos de Helsinki, 1952. ............................. 24 1.2.7. Maratón a un promedio más rápido a los 3 minutos por kilómetro .............. 29 1.3. LA ULTRAMARATÓN ..................................................................................... 38 1.3.1. La Cultura Tarahumara, referente antropológico de la Ultramaratón. ............ 40 1.3.2. Las Diez Mejores Ultra Maratones del Mundo. ............................................... 41 1.3.2.1. Spartathlon .................................................................................................. 42 1.3.2.2. Ultra Trail Du Mont-Blanc ........................................................................... 42 1.3.2.3. The North Face Transgrancanaria ............................................................... 43 1.3.2.4. Marathon Des Sables ................................................................................. 44 1.3.2.5. Transvulcania .............................................................................................. 44 1.3.2.6. North Pole Marathon.................................................................................... 45 1.3.2.7. Isostar Desert Marathon ............................................................................. 46 1.3.2.8. 100 Millas Himalaya ..................................................................................... 46 1.3.2.9. The Coastal Challenge ................................................................................ 47 Rocío Jimena Iñamagua Uyaguari 4 Universidad de Cuenca 1.3.2.10. Ultramarathon 4 Desiertos ......................................................................... 48 CAPITULO II ............................................................................................................ 49 CARACTERIZACION GENERAL DEL MARATON Y DEL MARATONISTA. ......... 49 2.1. ASPECTOS REGLAMENTARIOS DE LA MARATÓN MODERNA. .................. 50 2.1.1. Aplicaciones Reglamentarias a la distancia y recorrido de la Maratón ........... 51 2.1.2. Estaciones de refresco e Hidratación dentro de la maratón ........................... 53 2.1.3. Organización de la maratón ............................................................................ 53 2.2. EL CORREDOR DE LA MARATON. ................................................................. 54 2.2.1. Características de los corredores según la edad ............................................ 55 2.2.2. Característica de los corredores según el sexo .............................................. 56 2.3. PREPARACION FISICA PARA EL MARATÓN ................................................. 57 2.4. PREPARACION TACTICA – PSICOLOGICA EN LA MARATON ..................... 58 2.5. PRINCIPIOS DEL ENTRENAMIENTO DEPORTIVO DEL MARATON ............. 66 2.5.1. Principios biológicos del entrenamiento .......................................................... 67 2.5.2. Principios pedagógicos del entrenamiento .................................................. 73 CAPITULO III ........................................................................................................... 75 LA MARATON DE CUENCA Y LAS PRUEBAS DE LARGO ALIENTO ................. 75 3.1. LEONARDO MORALES ORDOÑEZ, UN PERFIL NECESARIO. ..................... 76 3.2. EL MARATÓN Y MEDIO MARATÓN DE CUENCA ....................................... 77 3.2.1. Historia del Maratón de Cuenca. .................................................................. 79 3.2.2. El Recorrido .................................................................................................... 81 3.2.3. Resultados ...................................................................................................... 82 3.2.4. Reglamento del Maratón. .............................................................................. 83 3.3. EL CORREDOR DEL MONTÓN ....................................................................... 89 3.3.1. Los Optimistas ................................................................................................ 95 3.3.2. Los Pesimistas ............................................................................................... 96 3.3.3. Los Competitivos ............................................................................................ 96 Rocío Jimena Iñamagua Uyaguari 5 Universidad de Cuenca 3.3.4. Los Tramposos ............................................................................................... 96 3.3.5. Los Pelucones ................................................................................................ 97 3.3.6. Los Conversones ............................................................................................ 98 3.3.7. Los Solitarios .................................................................................................. 98 3.3.8. Los Criticones ................................................................................................. 98 3.3.9. Los Mentirosos ..............................................................................................
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