Annual Report 2005 • European Science Foundation Science • European 2005 Report Annual Annual Report 2005 June 2006000 – Print Run: 8

Annual report 2005 • European Science Foundation Science • European 2005 report Annual Annual Report 2005 June 2006000 – Print run: 8

1 quai Lezay-Marnésia | BP 90015 | 67080 Strasbourg cedex | Fra nce Tel: +33 (0)3 88 76 71 00 | Fax: +33 (0)3 88 37 05 32 www.esf.org Cover photos (left-right, up-down): © Royalty-Free/Corbis Ocean colour satellite data showing freshwater in! ow in the western Baltic Sea from the Oder River. © Ifremer © Getty Images/Vincent Hazat Ice ! ow in Antarctica. © IPEV/Ruche © Getty Images/Jose Luis Pelaez Inc Eye pigment cell. Coloured scanning electron micrograph of a melanocyte cell with granules of pigment in the light-sensitive retina of the eye. © Steve Gschmeissner/Science Photo Library/Cosmos © Royalty-Free/Corbis

Mission Statement The European Science Foundation provides a common platform for its Member Organisations in order to: • Advance European research • Explore new directions for research at the European level Through its activities, the European Science Foundation serves the needs of the European research community in a global context

Values The European Science Foundation’s mission is guided by shared values that characterise its specific organisational culture. These values are: • Excellence: the gatekeeper criterion for all scientific activities; it will also drive the management philosophy and operating procedures; • Openness: to all scientists and disciplines; no barriers between disciplines; open sharing of results; transparency to stakeholders and partners; • Responsiveness: in its procedures and structure; • Pan-European: rising above national interests to the benefit of science in the whole of Europe; • Ethical awareness and human values: sensitive to societal and ethical considerations in all its activities; attention to gender aspects.

ESF Annual Report 2005 Contents 4 2005 Highlights 6 Reinder van Duinen 8 Ian Halliday 9 Bertil Andersson

12 2005 General Assembly Highlights 15 Strategic Plan 19 2005 Achievements

11 26

27 COST 41 ESF Activities 28 How the European Science • Forward Looks Foundation Works • Exploratory Workshops 30 ESF Member Organisations • EUROCORES 34 ESF Governing Bodies • Research Networking and Committees Membership Programmes • Scientific Networks • Research Conferences 41

62 ESF Publications in 2005 68 Human Resources 70 Finance

76 Picture Captions

2005 Highlights

Forging new partnerships New research conferences in a range of disciplines One of ESF’s major roles is that of reaching out to other organisations. For example, this is reflected During 2005, ESF organised new research conferences in the important continuing partnerships forged in 2005 with 15 partners, including the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), between ESF and the European Heads of Research the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council Councils (EuroHORCs), the European Molecular Biology of the United Kingdom (PPARC), Engineering and Physical Organisation (EMBO), the Initiative for Science Sciences Research Council of the United Kingdom (EPSRC), in Europe (ISE) and the European Commission. the Swedish Research Council (VR), the French National • ESF and EuroHORCs have created a “package for Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), the European partnership” that will allow the organisations to share Molecular Biology Organisation (EMBO), the Wellcome Trust, research foresights, harmonise procedures and the Latsis Foundation, the Generalitat of Catalunya, generally improve the exchange of information between the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), the two bodies. and several universities. Up to 20 new scientific conferences across Europe are • ESF and EMBO, within the framework of the ESF planned for 2006. Research Conferences Scheme, have agreed to co-sponsor a series of meetings, to be known as ESF- EMBO Symposia, which will bring together participants Substantial progress with changes and experts from the Life Sciences and other science disciplines to discuss topics that are of major and reforms of COST importance to the scientific community in Europe. The changes and reforms taking place at COST continue • ESF continues to collaborate with the European apace, with the undertaking of several review processes Commission by managing the European Young in 2005 and the appointment of new science officers and Investigator Awards scheme (EURYI) and COST, a new Director in September, Dr. Martin Grabert. coordinating EC-funded ERA-NETs in the marine and polar areas, running the EUROCORES programmes and other activities.

ESF Annual Report 2005 EUROCORES The successful conclusion of the second annual EURYI Awards • 20 Programmes now in place scheme The EUROCORES scheme has now reached the milestone of 20 Programmes, 16 of which are fully running (that is, On 9 November 2005, in the Hungarian Academy of a Call for proposals has been published). Five new Themes Sciences in Budapest, Hungary, each of the 25 winners have been selected, seven Programmes have started of the European Young Investigator awards – the EURYI research funding and networking (with additional research Awards – received diplomas in recognition of their award- money of approximately €45 million), and three more winning project proposals. The diplomas were presented Programmes are about to enter the research phase by Professor Werner Arber, joint winner of the 1978 (with funding of between €13-18 million expected). Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Altogether, 57 different funding organisations from Each winner will receive up to €1,250,000 over a 27 European countries are involved in the scheme, which five-year-period in an award that is comparable in scope covers all scientific disciplines. The first four Programmes to the Nobel Prize. have already resulted in more than 1,000 publications and more than 750 oral presentations. For the full story, see page 20 • Restructuring A new EUROCORES scheme has been set up comprising New organisations approved a high-level, independent committee of high-ranking scientists under the ESF Executive Board. for ESF membership This committee will run an annual competition for new EUROCORES Themes, with emphasis on the strong ESF continues to grow, with two new organisations scientific assessment of proposals that includes a two-stage being approved for ESF membership in 2005: review process, at least three external referees, top-level the Science and Technology Assistance Agency review panels and complete transparency of procedures. (Slovakia) and VINNOVA, the Swedish Agency A commitment has also been made to reducing the for Innovation Systems (Sweden). timeframe from Theme to Call to funding, as well as The Science and Technology Assistance Agency encouraging a more reliable commitment from funding is an umbrella organisation designed to promote agencies. and encourage scientific research in Slovakia. VINNOVA integrates research and development in technology, transport and working life. VINNOVA’s mission is to promote sustainable growth by financing research and technological development and developing effective innovation systems.

ESF Annual Report 2005 Reinder van Duinen President Streicher© F.

Significant changes since January 2000

Six years ago, when I took on the role of President of the European Science Founda- tion in January 2000, I could not have imagined the significant changes that would take place during my time here. This last year in particular has been one of the busiest of my Presidency. During the past twelve months, ESF has made important advances in several key areas as part of the continuing pursuit of our goals, not the least of which was the ratification of the 2006-2010 Strategic Plan by our Member Organisations at the 2005 General Assembly in Strasbourg in November. This plan will set the direction for ESF’s activities over the years ahead. The plan presents a new interpretation of our mission in the light of the new challenges to science in Europe: ESF provides a common platform for its Member Organisations in order to: • Advance European research • Explore new directions for research at the European level Through its activities, ESF serves the needs of the European research community in a global context

Looking back over 2005, it is clear that this has indeed been a year of collaborative achievements, made possible by the dedication and commitment of everyone associated with ESF – Bertil Andersson and the employees of ESF, the Member Organisations, the Governing Council and the Executive Board. During 2005, ESF set up and ran new research conferences with no fewer than 15 different partners across a broad range of disciplines, and we foresee organising up to 20 new conferences in 2006. It is my firm belief that bringing together scientists and researchers in this way lies at the heart of what ESF is all about. The EUROCORES scheme, which underwent a process redesign last year, has now reached the milestone of 20 Programmes, 16 of which are fully running, only a few short of the target that we set ourselves. Five new Themes had been selected by the end of 2005, seven Programmes have started research funding and networking (with additional research money of approximately €45 million), and three more Programmes are about to enter the research phase (with funding of between €13- 18 million expected). We continue to recognise and reward talent and achievement in science. In 2005 ESF awarded the European Latsis Prize to Professor Donal Bradley from Imperial College, London, for his pioneering contributions and leading role in the develop-

ESF Annual Report 2005 ment of the semi-conductor properties of conjugated polymers and related materials. Additionally, a ceremony was held in the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Budapest, Hungary in November to present diplomas to each of the 25 winners of the second annual European Young Investigator Awards Scheme. This scheme is an excellent example of what can be achieved when research organisations in Europe join forces with ESF! We continue to create new and extended partnerships with organisations such as EuroHORCs, the European Molecular Biology Organisation (EMBO), the Initiative for Science in Europe (ISE) and the European Commission, in line with our stated goal of building closer and mutually-beneficial relationships with other organisations. These are all great achievements – just a few among many – of which ESF can be proud. They reflect the excellent work and commitment of so many people in ESF, the Member Organisations and our broad community. So, while it is with a tinge of sadness that I am leaving the post of President (I have countless good friends within the Foundation, and have enjoyed the many challenges of the job), I feel that we are clearly on the right track. I am absolutely confident that my successor, Professor Ian Halliday, is the ideal man to guide ESF onto the next stage in its evolution. Let me end my last contribution to the annual reports by thanking each and every one of my colleagues at ESF for the trust you have placed in me by allowing me to preside over the Foundation during these six years. It has been both an honour and a privilege for which I am most grateful.

Dr. Reinder van Duinen President

ESF Annual Report 2005 Ian Halliday President Streicher© F.

Which areas of science are best suited to development?

Science in Europe is changing and evolving rapidly. As I begin my role as President of the European Science Foundation, I have some very clear ideas about the role I want ESF to play in this new environment. Firstly, ESF must position itself in a way that is different to the past. I welcome the five-year Strategic Plan that was approved by the General Assembly in 2005 as a useful device for carrying out such positioning, but I believe that the emphasis must be on getting involved in a more serious way with science strategy in Europe. An open question facing the Foundation and its Member Organisations concerns which areas of science are best suited to development and where the real opportunities lie. That’s where strategic science choices need to be made. The Strategic Plan deliberately addresses mechanisms but not the science details; that is a matter for debate between ESF and the Member Organisations. As we address these new challenges, working together effectively is going to take on even greater importance. ESF, the Member Organisations, the scientists – we all want the same result, which is better science in Europe. While everyone’s day to day interests may be different, our real goal is the same; better European science. One of my main objectives will therefore be to create an environment in which we are not only seen to be working together but actually creating real value from our collaborative efforts. If the new strategic plan is to become an effective instrument of delivery rather than purely a framework for discussion, debate and engagement with the Member Organisations is essential. We must be clear exactly what it is that we are trying to achieve, and then set about designing the structures that will make that happen. At the same time as I wish to emphasise how important it is for ESF and the Member Organisations to work together in partnership, I also want to stress that I recognise there are concerns among the membership about ESF’s quality of delivery. There are issues, I accept, and while I may not agree with all of them, I do realise that ESF needs to do a better job of quantifying and making visible just how good we are. ESF does some excellent work, and our task is now to publicise this work more effectively. In key areas such as Forward Looks, for example, I believe that ESF must be able to prove to the Member Organisations that it can deliver, to their time scale and against their criteria, and to budget. Can we rise to that challenge within ESF? I believe we can.

Professor Ian Halliday President

ESF Annual Report 2005 Bertil Andersson Chief Executive Streicher© F.

2005, a year of increased awareness of quality and delivery

2005 will be marked as the year of the 2006-2010 Strategic Plan, the year of Mem- ber Organisation consultations, and the year of building new foundations for the future. There is no doubt that the 2006-2010 Strategic Plan is an extremely important document. This plan, and the financial plan that goes with it, is the culmination of more than a year of development and discussions in ESF, in the Member Organisa- tions and elsewhere in the scientific community. It represents probably the most comprehensive consultation process in the 31-year history of ESF. If there’s one thing about the Plan that embodies the essence of ESF’s core values – in particular, the open sharing of information and transparency with our stakeholders and partners – it’s the Forward Look. This is the instrument through which we will continue to address the challenges of Europe, when investing in research. This means closer cooperation and strengthened partnerships as we build on our collective experiences gained from the six Forward Looks conducted so far. So the Strategic Plan is not a document to just sit on the bookshelf. On the contrary, we all have a responsibility to make this work. We have a green light – it’s now up to all of us to show we can deliver to help Europe become a more powerful player on the world science stage. While approval of the Strategic Plan might be the culmination of a very busy year for ESF, it certainly is not the only event of significance in the past year. Major progress has been achieved with key instruments, with the launch of the new ESF Conference scheme, an overhaul of the EUROCORES instrument, and continued development of the EURYI Awards scheme as a leading European instrument. The EURYI Awards scheme is a highly significant programme and one that has enormous potential for the future of science. I believe that, as a scientific community, we must all put our efforts into promoting the excellence of science in Europe not only today but also tomorrow. The 2005 EURYI Awards are the best sign so far of that excellence for tomorrow. I am very pleased to report our considerable progress with the changes and reforms that we have contributed in the reshaping of COST, including domain restructuring (with the approval of nine new Domain Committees) meaning a substantial reduction in the number of committees and the introduction of new research areas. Furthermore, our successful mid-term reviews of COST led to securing an €80 million EC grant over 4½ years. Congratulations to the COST staff in Brussels for this

ESF Annual Report 2005 outstanding achievement. I would like to mention, in particular, the constructive work done together with the CSO of COST, and its president, Professor Francesco Fedi. During 2005, ESF/COST underwent a number of demanding audits by KPMG, the European Commission and the European Court of Auditors. I am very pleased that the resulting reports demonstrate a clear appreciation of how ESF runs the business. It is certainly a further step towards positioning ESF as an organisation able to manage complex operations at a European scale. 2005 has also been a year of increased awareness of quality and delivery, building the foundation of a new communications strategy, and changes to the buildings and staff of ESF. To conclude, I want to offer my sincere thanks to everyone in ESF, who worked hard during 2005 to help produce such successful results. This has been a most successful year and we should all take great pride in our collective achievement. In particular, I would like to pay tribute to outgoing President, Reinder van Duinen, for his leadership and friendship. It has been my privilege and pleasure to work with you. Now, we embark on the next stage of ESF’s evolution under the leadership of Professor Ian Halliday. Ian’s personal vision for ESF is exciting and compelling, one that is key to the stronger networking relationships we will build with our community in 2006.

Professor Bertil Andersson Chief Executive

10 ESF Annual Report 2005 © Royalty-Free/Corbis

ESF Annual Report 2005 11 Streicher© F.

2005 General Assembly Highlights The 31st annual General Assembly took place on 24-25 November 2005 at the European Parliament in Strasbourg. More than 110 representatives from the Member Organisations and other international bodies participated in the meeting.

12 ESF Annual Report 2005 During the first day, participants engaged in discussion with 2006 budget proposal of €12,252,000; approved the result- their peers and colleagues in meetings, parallel sessions and ing 2006 Call for Contributions amounting to €6,652,000; and presentations given by ESF’s leaders and invited speakers. noted the scale of national contributions for the 2006 Call. Professor Ian Halliday presented a view on foresight with ex- In his report to the Assembly on ESF’s overall activities during periences from the USA; Forward Looks on nanomedicine 2005, Professor Andersson highlighted a roster of activities and nanosciences were presented by Professor Ruth Duncan ESF successfully accomplished during 2005, including: and Professor Colin Lambert respectively; experiences of the • Partnerships between ESF and EuroHORCs, the European OECD Global Science Forum with foresight and its impact Molecular Biology Organisation (EMBO), the Initiative for were shared by Dr Stefan Michalowski; and Robert-Jan Smits Science in Europe (ISE), and the European Commission presented on foresight and the European Commission. • New partnership conferences (15 partners) with up to 20 These contributions will help inform ESF’s thinking about the scientific conferences planned for 2006 across Europe development of the Forward Look instrument. • Substantial progress with changes and reforms of COST Presentations were made by the Chairs of Standing Commit- • 20 EUROCORES programmes of which 16 are fully running tees – Professor Alex Quintanilha (Life, Earth and Environmen- • A new EUROCORES scheme comprising a high-level com- tal Sciences), Professor Michel Mareschal (Physical and En- mittee of high-ranking scientists under the ESF Executive gineering Sciences), Professor Gün Semin (Social Sciences), Board Professor Gretty Mirdal (Humanities), and Dr Carole Moquin- • The successful conclusion of the second annual EURYI Pattey (representing Professor Clemens Sorg, European Medi- Award scheme and the first call for nominations published cal Research Councils). Each presentation addressed specific for the 2006 scheme issues for the Committees in the context of ESF’s 2006-2010 The Assembly approved two new organisations to ESF mem- Strategic Plan. bership: the Science and Technology Assistance Agency (Slo- Parallel sessions were held, focusing on EUROCORES (chaired vakia) and VINNOVA (Sweden). by the President, Dr Reinder van Duinen), Expert Committees Finally, the 2005 General Assembly concluded with two spe- (chaired by Vice President Professor Katherine Richardson cial events – the ratification of Professor Ian Halliday as the Christensen), and ESF Finances (chaired by Vice President next ESF President from 1 January 2006, and the stepping Dr Richard Dyer). down of current President Reinder van Duinen from 31 De- The first day concluded with the presentation of the 2005 Eu- cember 2005. ropean Latsis Prize, awarded to Professor Donal Bradley of In his farewell comments – to resounding applause from the Imperial College, London, for his pioneering work in nanoen- Assembly participants – Dr. van Duinen thanked his fellow gineering. Executive Board members and the Member Organisations, The major theme of day two of the General Assembly was saying, “I have enjoyed your trust and I am glad to have been the 006-2010 strategic plan and financial plan, the initial of service.” concepts for which were first presented to the 2004 General The next General Assembly will be held in Strasbourg on Assembly. 30 November-1 December 2006. In his presentation of the plans, Chief Executive Professor Bertil Andersson noted that the strategic plan is the result of probably the most comprehensive consultation process in the history of ESF. He said that the plan is a rolling implementation for each year from 2006-2010 with the financial plan as a planning document both for ESF and the Member Organisations. Professor Andersson’s presentation stimulated open discussion among the delegates, with notable comments from Pro- fessor Norbert Kroó, Vice President of the Hungarian Acad- emy of Sciences; Michel Dodet, Vice President of the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique in France; Jan Bernt, President of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters; and Professor Peter Nijkamp, Chair of the European Heads of Research Councils (EuroHORCs). In his summary comments on the strategic plan prior to As- sembly voting, President Reinder van Duinen said, “The plan presents a well-balanced reflection of everyone’s viewpoints during consultation. Today we have had several comments on structure, processes, instruments, and quality, all of which we have taken to heart.” The Assembly then unanimously endorsed the strategic plan and approved its publication; and endorsed the financial plan as an appropriate financial translation of the strategic plan. Director of Administration and Finance, David Weber, presented the 2004 accounts and a projection of the 2006 budget. The Assembly approved the 2004 accounts; received the report of the statutory auditors, approved the revised forecast for the 2005 general budget of €10,908,000; approved the

ESF Annual Report 2005 13 © Getty Images/Jose Luis Pelaez Inc

14 ESF Annual Report 2005 Strategic Plan

Executive Summary

ESF’s 2006-2010 strategic plan was endorsed and ap- The main pillars of this strategic plan are the promotion of ‘sci- proved for publication by the 31st annual General As- ence strategy’ and ‘science synergy’, which will pave the way sembly that took place on 24-25 November 2005, at the for initiatives across disciplinary boundaries in the European European Parliament in Strasbourg. Research Area (ERA). The plan provides a systematic approach to ESF’s future activities, taking into account the often differing The 2006-2010 strategic plan is a tool to help ESF, the Member views and needs of the Member Organisations as ex- Organisations and the science community meet the demands pressed during an extensive consultation process dur- of a changing environment which continues to see: ing 2004 and 2005, involving 76 Member Organisations • An increased level of European cooperation in 30 countries. The strategic plan is accompanied by • A wider scope of disciplines (including more interdiscipli- a financial plan to ensure efficient and high-quality narity) delivery and to provide a long-term financial planning • Political commitment to increased research spending in Eu- framework for the Member Organisations. rope • Proposed Framework Programme 7 with more focus on investigator-driven research • Further cooperation between national research organisations

Building on its relationships with its Member Organisations and its past experience in catalysing research-led cooperation in science in Europe, ESF plans to engage proactively in the promotion and fostering of cooperation across national boundaries in order to ensure that Europe rises to the challenge of the increased scale and complexity of research in the years ahead.

You can download a PDF copy of the strategic plan from the ESF website: http://www.esf.org/publication/215/ESFPLAN20062010.pdf

ESF Annual Report 2005 15 Strategic Plan

Key Points ESF Instruments

The Strategic Plan addresses a number of key areas, • Based on a recent evaluation of ESF’s networking instru- including the role of ESF, its instruments, and how the ments, the present portfolio of instruments is deemed to be organisation operates. This section looks at these key largely adequate, provided they are sharpened and partly areas in more detail. refocused to even better address the challenges of promoting cooperation that will extend the scale and scope of researcher-led science. The role of ESF As a direct result of this consultation process, ESF plans to add an instrument to directly serve its Member Organisations: • ESF, together with its Member Organisations, will engage Member Organisation Fora. in partnerships with other organisations in Europe and the world in order to promote cooperation to the benefit of the • In order to promote competition, as well as create possibili- European scientific community. ties for interdisciplinary actions, and to increase transparen- • While the European Research Council (ERC) exists to man- cy and visibility, ESF will announce common or synchronised age the creation of individual research terms in order to pro- Calls for its instruments across all domains of science. ESF mote European excellence and, in this way, to secure a lead- will also publish a yearly schedule of its Calls with dead- ership position for Europe at the frontiers of science, ESF lines. will focus, in a complementary way, on promoting coopera- • ESF will streamline its instruments and concentrate them tion and coordination between its Member Organisations, in the following three pillars: research-funding or research-performing organisations that – Science Strategy control the vast majority of frontier research in Europe. – Science Synergy • ESF’s statutory role is ‘to promote all branches and science – Science Management and research in Europe’. This distinguishes ESF from the EC Framework Programmes, which are mission-driven. Science Strategy • ESF covers all disciplines: natural, medical and engineering The aim of the instruments in the Science Strategy Pillar is to sciences, social sciences and humanities. This distinguishes provide high-level and high quality foresight and advice on ESF from other European organisations dealing only with science, research infrastructure and science policy issues of specific disciplinary areas. European significance, in order to enable decisions on strate- • Through its scientific committee structure and its instru- gic directions and priorities, or on programmes of researcher- ments, ESF has direct access to the wider European re- led science. search community. In order to engage the best scientists, one key requirement for the instruments in the Science Strategy pillar is that their output must have a visible impact on the funding of research across national boundaries.

16 ESF Annual Report 2005 ESF wishes to facilitate its MOs’ joint efforts to meet the challenges of European research cooperation in a global context.

Science Synergy Governance and the science structure The instruments in the Science Synergy pillar aim to stimulate cooperation between researchers and Member Organisations During the first year of the new Strategic Plan, ESF will take in order to explore new directions in research and to plan and critical look at governance and the science structure. implement European-level research programmes or actions in researcher-led science and research infrastructure, and to • The modernisation and simplification of the decision-mak- involve research organisations in the choice of topics. ing processes, in a way which recognises the character of The ESF instruments that promote science synergy will be ESF as a member organisation, will be one major element used to bring together excellent scientists at all stages of their of this review. career, for the advancement of the frontiers of research. The • Another important aspect will be to design the science struc- instruments will bring together MOs on an à la carte basis for ture so that interdisciplinary initiatives and emerging areas the funding of those activities that fit their strategic priorities are promoted and the need for an overarching high-level and interests. science advisory structure is recognised.

Science Management To achieve these goals, a Taskforce has been set up to devel- The logical extension of these first two pillars is the provision op a proposal for the September 2006 Governing Council to: of services to ESF MOs in the form of research programme • Streamline the present decision-making processes and gov- management. This defines the third pillar: Science Manage- ernance structure ment. Examples of external programmes currently managed • Prepare a detailed proposal for the Committee structure, by ESF include the European Young Investigator Awards involving the Chairs of the Standing Committees and the scheme (EURYI) and COST, along with ESF’s coordinating role Member Organisations. in the EC funded ERA-NETs in the marine and polar areas, MARINERA and EUROPOLAR. ESF is open to accepting the management of third-party programmes if they strengthen its Mission, fit its expertise and are fully-funded.

ESF Annual Report 2005 17 © Getty Images/Digital Vision

18 ESF Annual Report 2005 2005 Achievements

European Latsis Prize Award

ESF awarded the 2005 European Latsis Prize to Pro- fessor Donal Bradley from Imperial College, London, for his pioneering contributions and leading role in the Streicher© F. development of the semi-conductor properties of conjugated polymers and related materials. The European Latsis Prize, valued at 100,000 Swiss francs (€65,000) and financed by the Geneva-based Latsis Foundation, is awarded by ESF to an individual or group who, in the opinion of their peers, has made the greatest contribution to a particular field of Euro- pean research. The theme of the 2005 European Latsis Prize was nano-engineering.

Professor Bradley’s research activity has the potential for a broad range of practical applications, including solar energy conversion, electronic circuits, imaging devices, microanalysis systems and active components in polymer waveguide/plastic fibre-based data communication. It is the combination of leading-edge research and practical, commercial applications of his work that makes Professor Bra- dley such a deserving laureate. In 1989, Professor Bradley and some colleagues in Cambridge discovered that certain plastics could be used to make light-emitting diodes (PLEDs): these are now being developed as a next-generation technology for flat panel displays, and have already been used in a range of consumer electronics devices such as mobile phones, MP3 players, and portable DVD players. Professor Bradley has also been involved in setting up two companies in order to allow the Professor Donal Bradley addressing the Assembly fruits of his research to be used in a commercial environment. Speaking after the awards ceremony in Strasbourg on 25 No- vember 2005, Professor Bradley explained that he believed Physics Group at Imperial College, London. He is leading the this year’s prize on nano-engineering was topical and timely, development of an extensive programme of research across with molecular materials and devices starting to be recognised the physical/chemistry interface. He is widely published and as an important component in nano-engineering. “The ability many of his more than 400 research papers are exceptionally to engineer the properties of molecular materials is enabling highly cited. He is one of the world’s most-cited physicists. their application in a wide range of sectors, principally in light emission for displays in a commercial setting,” he said. “This is increasingly so in other future application areas, so we’re now looking at transistors, solar cells, lasers, amplifiers and so on.” Professor Bradley is Head of the Molecular Electronic Materials section of the Blackett Laboratory’s Experimental Solid State

ESF Annual Report 2005 19 2005 EURYI awardees, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 9 November 2005

EURYI Prize Awards

On 9 November 2005, in the Hungarian Academy of • Yrjö Helariutta (Finland) - Molecular basis of cambial development using underlying tree growth. Sciences in Budapest, Hungary, each of the 25 win- • Casper Hoogenraad (Netherlands) - Regulation of glutamate ners of the European Young Investigator awards – the receptors during plasticity and learning. EURYI Awards – received diplomas in recognition of • Andrei Khlobystov (UK) - Non-covalent assembly of functional their award-winning project proposals. The diplomas nanostructures. were presented by Professor Werner Arber, joint winner • Bernard Knaepen (Belgium) - Conduct modelling and simulation of the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. of turbulent conductive flows in the limit of a low magnetic Each winner receives up to €1,250,000 over a five-year- Reynolds number. • Susana Marcos Celestino (Spain) - Physical and technological period in an award that is comparable in scope to the approaches to the understanding and correction of myopia and Nobel Prize. presbyopia. • Patrick Meraldi (Switzerland) - Functional and proteomics-based Now entering its third year, the EURYI Awards scheme aims to analysis of human kinetochores. encourage the most talented up-and-coming postdoctoral re- • Angelos Michaelides (Germany) - Unravelling the mysteries searchers in the world to pursue academic careers in Europe. of the water-solid interface with statistical mechanics and ab initio The EURYI Awards are offered by 20 European national re- simulations. • Zoltan Nusser (Hungary) - Sensory information processing: search organisations in an open competition, with candidates understanding the neuronal representation of odours. selected on the basis of their academic and research excel- • Lucas Pelkmans (Switzerland) - Systems analysis of caveolae- lence and their future potential. Candidates are chosen in a and lipid raft-mediated endocytosis in multicellular physiology. two-stage process, firstly at the national level by the relevant • Pasquale Pistone (Austria) - Investigate the impact of European Participating Organisation; and, secondly, at the international tax law on relations with third countries. level by high-level scientific panels managed by ESF. • Robert Ter Haar Romeny (Netherlands) - Identity and migration: The following list shows the 2005 winners, in alphabetical or- Christian minorities in the Middle East and in the diaspora. • Archana Singh-Manoux (France) - Determinants of health der, and indicates the country of the supporting research in- inequalities in ageing populations: evidence from the French stitution: Gazel and British Whitehall II cohort studies. • Matthew Albert (France) - Investigation and experimentation • Stephen Smartt (UK) - Understanding the lives of massive stars to better understand apoptotic cell death and immunity. from birth to supernovae. • Dario Alfè (UK) - Quantum Monte Carlo techniques for planetary • François Taddei (France) - Investigate the causes and geophysics and heterogeneous catalysis. consequences of natural patterns of phenotypic variability, aging • Adrian Bachtold (Spain) - Quantum probes based on carbon and death in cellular lineages. nanotubes. • Päivi Törmä (Finland) - Nanoscale quantum systems interacting • Matthew Bate (UK) - The formation of stars and planets: Radiation with fields: ultracold gases and molecular electronics. hydrodynamical and magnetohydrodynamical simulations. • Ilka Marie-Louise Brunner (Switzerland) - Analyse D-branes in curved backgrounds. For more information about each EURYI Awards winner • Snorre Christiansen (Norway) - Numerical analysis and and their award-winning project proposals, please visit simulation of geometric wave equations. www.esf.org/euryi • Edwin Cuppen (Netherlands) - Exploiting natural and induced genetic variation in the laboratory rat. • Valentina Emiliani-Sirtoni (France) - Wave-fronted engineered microscopy for the investigation of signal transmission in neurons and glial cells. • Daniel Gerlich (Switzerland) - A systems biology approach to mitosis. • Igor Gornyi (Germany) - Research quantum transport in nanostructures.

20 ESF Annual Report 2005 Openness Self- to change Self transcendence Universalism direction Social justice Creativity, Equality

Stimulation Benevolence Exciting life Helpfulness

Conformity Hedonism Obedience Tradition Pleasure Humility, Devotedness

Achievement Security Success, Social order Ambition Power Authority, Wealth Conservation

Self enhancement Organised by motivational similarities and dissimilarities

Descartes Prize

Europe’s top annual science award, the €1,000,000 Descartes Research Prize, was shared in 2005 by five pan-European teams who achieved major scientific breakthroughs in key European research areas.

Through its innovative research methods, the European Social Survey (ESS) has become the first Descartes award recipi- ent within the field of social sciences. This further underlines the pioneering aspects of the ESS project and its scientific achievements. The ESS is a unique survey that aims to explain changes in Eu- rope’s social, political and moral climate. Its research methods exhibit new ways to interpret in depth facts about changes in social structures within European societies. It is funded jointly by the European Commission; the European Science Founda- tion and national funding bodies in each country. The main challenge for the ESS has been to tackle head-on the existing difficulties of producing reliable data in a cross- national, cross-cultural context. This challenge has been met with an innovative approach: The first round of the project was launched in 2002 and a core ESS questionnaire was designed to cover numerous topics and to produce a unique record over time of underlying attitude shifts throughout Europe. The data produced aims to fulfill one major key objective of the research project, which is to aid governance at a national- and a European level. The success of the ESS, further emphasised by the Descartes Research Prize, unmistakably underlines the vital role that international cooperation in funding and research must play in the future. The benefits of a clearly defined research structure, which transcends national boundaries, are evident in the research results presented by the ESS. The ESS project and its obvious focus on the benefits of Euro- pean cooperation in research, demonstrates one way that the European Science Foundation and its partners can contribute to the European research community in a global context.

For more information about the Descartes Prize, please visit europa.eu.int/comm/research/descartes/

ESF Annual Report 2005 21 2005 Achievements

2005 Research Networking Programmes

Often long-term, ESF Research Networking Pro- Physical and Engineering Sciences grammes (formerly known as Scientific Programmes) bring together large-scale research projects carried Advanced Mathematical Methods for Finance out by multinational teams of scientists, and may in- (AMaMeF) clude workshops, summer schools and fellowship 2005-2010 schemes. 15 contributing organisations The following pages highlight new Research Network- This Programme aims to work towards the development and ing Programmes which got underway in 2005. For de- application of advanced mathematical tools in finance. As a tailed information about each Programme, please visit consequence of the great variety of techniques required for the relevant noted location on the ESF website. For progress in the development of viable financial models and information on all currently running Programmes, see risk management tools, there is a serious need for a highly pages 51-56 of this annual report. disciplinary approach to research in this area, an approach requiring expertise from a number of complementary areas of mathematics. www.esf.org/amamef

Automata: from Mathematics to Applications (AutoMathA) 2005-2010 16 contributing organisations Automata theory (AT) is one of the longest established areas in Computer Science. Standard applications of AT include pattern matching, syntax analysis and software verification. In recent years, novel applications of automata-theoretic concepts have emerged from biology, physics, cognitive sciences, neurosciences, control, tomography, linguistics, mathematics, and other fields, while developments in information technology have increased the need for formally-based design and verification methods to cope with such emerging technical needs as network security, mobile intelligent devices, and high performance computing. This Programme proposes a set of coordinated actions for advancing the theory of automata and for increasing its application to challenging scientific problems. www.esf.org/automatha

Experimental and Theoretical Design of Stimuli- Responsive Polymeric Materials (STIPOMAT) 2005-2009 9 contributing organisations The aim of this Programme is to combine the complementary expertises of leading European research groups in the

22 ESF Annual Report 2005 experimental and theoretical study of complex structures on Above: Ultrafast Structural Dynamics in Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Material the basis of stimuli-responsive polymers and copolymers with Science (DYNA) Programme. A blue beam of ultrashort laser pulses is focused on a dye jet. Structural changes linear or complex topology, with a view to understanding how in the sample are subsequently probed by X-ray absorption. such structures are formed and examining the correlation between the behaviour of these polymer systems under the change of external conditions (temperature, pressure, electric or magnetic field, shear, ionic strength, pH and composition of solution) and the chemical structure of the constituents. www.esf.org/stipomat

Highly Frustrated Magnetism (HFM) © Technischen Universität München 2005-2010 11 contributing organisations This Programme is a joint effort between solid-state chemists, experimental and theoretical physicists to unveil novel quantum states and effects where frustration plays a leading role. Its main goal is to reach a broad understanding of the important physical parameters that drive these new ground states and sketch out the generic phase diagrams for a broad variety of degrees of freedom, which extend beyond the simple frustration of magnetic interactions to include lattice couplings, Automata: from Mathematics to Applications (AutoMathA) Programme. orbital degrees of freedom, dilution effects, electronic doping, Monte Carlo simulation of stock price evolution. and more. www.esf.org/hfm

Interdisciplinary Statistical and Field Theory Approaches to Nanophysics and Low Dimensional Systems (INSTANS) 2005-2010 12 contributing organisations This Programme aims to set up a new theoretical framework to answer the fundamental questions encountered in the modern physics of nanoscopic and low-dimensional systems, bringing together expertise in condensed matter, quantum field theory and statistical physics. It covers electronic systems, such as nanotubes, quantum dots and quantum Hall effect devices, as well as specific devices featuring cold atoms. www.esf.org/instans

ESF Annual Report 2005 23 © Albin Hunia, Germany

Ultrafast Structural Dynamics in Physics, Chemistry, Life, Earth and Environmental Sciences Biology and Material Science (DYNA) 2005-2010 Archean Environmental Studies: the Habitat 16 contributing organisations of Early Life (ArchEnviron) This Programme aims to create a network of scientists to in- 2005-2010 vestigate ultrafast structural dynamics in Physics, Chemistry, 9 contributing organisations Biology and Material Science, and of those who develop tools The aim of the Programme is to coordinate and encourage to enable such investigation. In Europe, structural dynamics research on the environment of the early Earth and on the tools currently available include time-resolved IR and Raman manner in which life appeared and evolved. The main research techniques and X-ray diffraction; less-used and/or nascent topics are: composition and temperature of Archean atmos- structural techniques, which this Programme aims to encour- phere and oceans; the nature of Archean landmasses; inter- age, are multidimensional vibrational and electronic spectro- action between Archean surface waters and the oceanic and scopies, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and electron diffrac- continental crust; the search for traces of early life. The main tion. emphasis will be on the conditions at or near the surface of the www.esf.org/dyna Archean Earth: the approach will be based firmly on the earth sciences and will thus be distinguished from other complementary programmes in which the emphasis is on molecular biology and genetics. By focussing on the first two billion years of Earth history, this Programme will also be distinguished from current exobiology programmes that focus mainly on life in modern extreme environments. www.esf.org/archenviron

24 ESF Annual Report 2005 Left: Behavioural Ecology of Insect Parasitoids - from theoretical approaches to field applications (BEPAR) Programme. A Venturia canescens female attacking a larvae of its host Ephestia kuehniella.

Behavioural Ecology of Insect Parasitoids – Workshops on Marine Research Drilling from theoretical approaches to field applications (Magellan Workshop Series) (BEPAR) 2006-2011 2005-2009 This Programme was approved in 2005. The first Steering Committee meeting 11 contributing organisations will be held in early 2006, marking the start of the Programme’s activities 12 contributing organisations This Programme studies parasitoids, insects whose adult European researchers have played a leading role in important females lay their eggs in or on other insects and whose im- scientific discoveries such as the operation of plate tectonics mature larvae develop by feeding on host bodies, resulting in and the accretion of the oceanic lithosphere, the presence the death of the host. A number of factors make parasitoids of frozen methane (gas hydrates) below the sea floor, past, an ideal model for testing evolutionary hypotheses, usually high-resolution climate perturbations, and the mechanisms of through predictions derived from mathematical models and ocean biogeochemical cycles. Societal relevance has moved the experimental testing of such predictions. Since their repro- several of those themes into the spotlight. One of those, rapid duction process involves killing hosts, they can also be used climate change, has an important impact on global environ- on a large scale to control insect pests attacking a wide variety ments (for example, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsuna- of crops, significantly reducing the use of toxic pesticides. This mis, biological changes). However, such processes are far Programme aims to expand and build on the theoretical and away from reliable short- and long-term prediction. The ESF experimental developments achieved in this area to date, and Magellan Workshop Series Programme is a mechanism to carry out field tests of the theoretical predictions available. stimulate and nurture the process of developing new and in- www.esf.org/bepar novative science proposals to support European leadership in the planning of marine drilling expeditions. Nitrogen in Europe: Assessment of current problems www.esf.org/magellan and future solutions (NinE) 2006-2011 This Programme was approved in 2005. The first Steering Committee meeting will be held in early 2006, marking the start of the Programme’s activities 13 contributing organisations Nitrogen is an important cross-cutting theme over most of the important environmental problems for Europe: climate change, biodiversity, ecosystem health, human health, ground water pollution, etc. The NinE Programme addresses interacting problems affected by excess nitrogen in the environment. Fixed nitrogen cascades through many different forms and environmental compartments, generating a highly interdepend- ent network. Solutions to each problem therefore cannot be developed in isolation. The NinE Programme is building the European scientific network necessary to quantify these interactions and underpin the development of future solutions, focusing its efforts on delivering a fully integrated assessment of European nitrogen problems. www.esf.org/nine

ESF Annual Report 2005 25 © Getty Images/Adam Gault

26 ESF Annual Report 2005 European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research (COST)

Founded in 1971, COST is the most wide-reaching COST has a geographical scope beyond the EU and the Cen- framework for research cooperation in Europe and is a tral and Eastern European countries are members. COST also valuable mechanism in coordinating national research welcomes the participation of interested institutions from non- activities on a transnational level. Today, COST has COST member states without any geographical restriction. In grown to the point where it now has more than 200 Ac- 2005 more than 120 institutional participations from non COST tions and involves more than 30,000 scientists from 34 countries like Argentina, Canada, China, Ethiopia and Russia member countries throughout Europe and one cooper- took place. ating state and more than 80 participating institutions For COST, 2005 was a year of reviews, with the EC Audit by from 11 non-member countries and Non Governmental DG Research taking place in March, the Contract Mid Term Organisations. ESF has been responsible for the sci- Review in May/June and the European Court of Auditors in entific and administrative management of COST since September/November. 2003. At the same time, good progress was made with changes and reforms already underway, notably with the introduction of a continuous Open Call, the strengthening of the external peer review process and Committee membership criteria, and Domain restructuring. Standing Committees and Techni- cal Committees now work more closely together, and new IT tools and systems have been introduced that can also be applied to ESF. In September 2005, Dr. Martin Grabert was appointed as Di- rector of the ESF-COST Office, taking over from Tony Mayer, who retired after two years at the helm of the organisation in Brussels. Prior to his appointment, Dr. Grabert made clear his intention to continue the good work of his predecessor, particularly when it comes to encouraging even closer cooperation with ESF.

During 2005, COST: • supported the networking of scientists by organising 816 meetings with 31 400 participating scientists and reimburs- ing 13 816 scientists from the COST Actions • organised 651 Short-Term Scientific Missions (exchange vis- its, mainly for younger researchers) • enhanced its cooperation with institutions from non-COST countries by creating 16 new partnerships with scientific groups from all over the world.

For more information about COST, please visit www.cost.esf.org

ESF Annual Report 2005 27 Geir© F. How the European Assembly

Science Foundation Governing Council Governments Executive Board Works Committee Assembly of Senior Officials (CSO) Governing Council Governments Expert Committees ScientificExecutive Standing Board Committees ESF Research ESF-COST Conferences CommitteeOffice Marine Board-ESF (MB-ESF) Medical Life, Earth Physical Humanities Social Unit of Senior European Polar Board (EPB) Sciences and and (SCH) Sciences Officials (CSO) European Space Science (EMRC) Environmental Engineering (SCSS) Committee (ESSC) Sciences Sciences Expert Committees Scientific Standing Committees ESF Research ESF-COST Committee on Radio (LESC) (PESC) Conferences Office MarineAstronomy Board-ESF Frequencies (MB-ESF) Medical Life, Earth Physical Humanities Social (CRAF) Unit European Polar Board (EPB) Sciences and and (SCH) Sciences Nuclear Physics European European Space Science (EMRC) Environmental Engineering (SCSS) Collaboration Committee Committee (ESSC) Sciences Sciences (NuPECC) Committee on Radio (LESC) (PESC) Astronomy Frequencies (CRAF) Strasbourg Office ESF-COST ESF’s highest decision-making forum is the General Expert Committees and Boards have also been set up in ma- Nuclear Physics European Brussels Office Collaboration Committee Assembly, which brings together senior representa- rine, space and polar science, nuclear physics and radio-as- (NuPECC) tives from all the Foundation’s Member Organisations tronomy frequencies, all scientific areas requiring specialist at an annual meeting that takes place each November advice and specific strategy development. Chief ExecutiveStrasbourg Office Office ESF-COST Brussels Office in Strasbourg. ESF also manages the EURYI (European Young Investigator Chief Executive Of cer Awards) scheme and is responsible for the scientific and ad- Department of Administration and Finance Professor Bertil Andersson Development of the Foundation’s strategy is the responsibil- ministrative management of COST (European Cooperation in Director of Administration and Finance Director of Science and Strategy Mr. David Weber Dr. John Marks Communications Unit ity of the Governing Council, which meets twice a year. Along the field of Scientific and Technical Research). The ESF COST Chief Executive Office Head of Human Resources Senior Scienti c Of cer Director with the President and Vice-Presidents, the Governing Coun- Office in Brussels houses the scientific and administrative op- Ms. Catherine Lux ChiefMr. Neil Executive Williams Of cer Mr. Claus Nowotny Department of Administration and Finance Professor Bertil Andersson cil is made up of two members appointed from those coun- erations of COST, including the science officers responsible Senior Personnel Of cer Science Of cer Director of Administration and Finance DirectorDr. Nina of Kancewicz-Hoffman Science and Strategy tries contributing more than 10% of the Foundation’s General for the various domains. EURYI management, EUROCORES Ms. Jacqueline Steydli Mr. David Weber Dr.Personal John MarksAssistant to the CEO Communications Unit Budget (France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom), and management and networking, and COST are all funded Head of Human Resources SeniorMs. Veronica Scienti c Schauinger-Horne Of cer Director one member appointed from each of the remaining countries through contracts with the European Commission. Ms. Catherine Lux Mr. Neil Williams Mr. Claus Nowotny Senior Personnel Of cer Science Of cer with Member Organisations in ESF. The members of the Gov- Dr. Nina Kancewicz-Hoffman SecretariatsMs. Jacqueline Steydli Scientific Secretariats of Standing Committees Secretariat erning Council are the heads of ESF Member Organisations The Office of the ESF is directed by the Chief Executive, who is of Expert Committees Personal Assistant to the CEO of ESF Medical Sciences Life, Earth and Physical and Humanities Social Sciences Ms. Veronica Schauinger-Horne Research or their most senior representatives. The Governing Council is appointed by the Assembly. The Chief Executive is assisted by (EMRC) Environmental Engineering (SCH) (SCSS) Head of Unit: Conferences also responsible for the ESF budget, advises on the appoint- a multinational staff working in Strasbourg and elsewhere. Dr. Niamh Connolly (MB-ESF) Sciences (LESC) Sciences (PESC) Head of Unit: ment of the Chief Executive, and on the acceptance of new Secretariats Head of Unit: HeadScientific of Unit: SecretariatsHead of Unit:of Standing CommitteesHead of Unit: Head of Unit: SecretariatHead of Unit: Dr. Paul Egerton (EPB) of Expert Committees Dr. Carole Dr. Monique Dr. Henk ofMs. ESFCaroline members of the Foundation. Medical Sciences Life,Dr. ArjaEarth Kallio and PhysicalDr. Patrick and Humanities Social Sciences Head of Unit: Moquin-Pattey van Donzel Stronkhorst ResearchHirst Responsibility for implementing strategy lies with the Execu- (EMRC) Environmental EngineeringBressler (SCH) (SCSS) HeadDr. Jean-Claude of Unit: Worms Conferences Dr.(ESSC)Niamh Connolly (MB-ESF) Sciences (LESC) Sciences (PESC) Deputy Head of Unit: tive Board. This body consists of the President, the two Vice- Science Of cer: Dr. Hui Wang Head of Unit: Dr. Rüdiger Head of Unit: Head of Unit: Presidents, up to five other members elected by the Assembly Dr. Patrick Bressler Head of Unit: Head of Unit: Head of Unit: HeadKlein of Unit: Head of Unit: Dr. Paul Egerton (EPB) Science Of cer: Dr. Patricia Arsene on the advice of the Governing Council, and the Chief Execu- (CRAF - NuPECC) Dr. Carole Dr. Arja Kallio Dr. Patrick Dr. Monique Dr. Henk Ms. Caroline Head of Unit: Moquin-Pattey Bressler van Donzel Stronkhorst Hirst tive. The Executive Board is assisted by a Finance and Audit Dr. Jean-Claude Worms (ESSC) EUROCORES Deputy Head of Unit: Committee and may also create specific ad hoc committees Science Of cer: Dr. Hui Wang Head of Unit: Scheme Coordinator Dr. SvenjeDr. MehlertRüdiger Dr. Patrick Bressler Klein and groups to help in its work. Science Of cer: Dr. Patricia Arsene (CRAF - NuPECC) ESF’s ability to run a wide range of activities, from organising EUROCORES EUROCORES EUROCORES EUROCORES EMRC LESC PESC SCH exploratory workshops to providing science policy advice, is EUROCORES Dr. Mariana Dr. Bernard Avril Dr. Josefa Limeres Dr. Rüdiger Klein dependent on the contributions of its various advisory com- Scheme Coordinator Dr. Svenje Mehlert mittees and boards. Resnicoff Dr. Caroline Fenwick Dr. Farzam EUROCORES EUROCORESDr. Astrid Lunkes EUROCORESRanjbaran EUROCORES ESF’s five Standing Committees (Medical Sciences; Life, Earth EMRC LESC PESCDr. Jean-Claude SCH and Environmental Sciences; Physical and Engineering Sci- Worms ences; Humanities; and Social Sciences) are made up of lead- Dr. Mariana Dr. Bernard Avril Dr. Josefa Limeres Dr. Rüdiger Klein Resnicoff Dr. Caroline Fenwick Dr. Farzam ing scientists nominated by and having close links with the Dr. Astrid Lunkes Ranjbaran Foundation’s Member Organisations. They are responsible for Dr. Jean-Claude Worms identifying scientific priorities, formulating science strategies, developing research agendas and launching new research activities, especially through Exploratory Workshops and Re- search Networking Programmes. Together with other parts of ESF, Standing Committees are involved in the development of the new research funding initiative – EUROCORES (Euro- pean Collaborative Research Programmes) – and in Forward Looks.

28 ESF Annual Report 2005 ESF Structure Chart Assembly

Governing Council Governments Executive Board Committee Assembly of Senior Officials (CSO) Governing Council Governments Expert Committees ScientificExecutive Standing Board Committees ESF Research ESF-COST Conferences CommitteeOffice Marine Board-ESF (MB-ESF) Medical Life, Earth Physical Humanities Social Unit of Senior European Polar Board (EPB) Sciences and and (SCH) Sciences Officials (CSO) European Space Science (EMRC) Environmental Engineering (SCSS) Committee (ESSC) Sciences Sciences Expert Committees Scientific Standing Committees ESF Research ESF-COST Committee on Radio (LESC) (PESC) Conferences Office MarineAstronomy Board-ESF Frequencies (MB-ESF) Medical Life, Earth Physical Humanities Social (CRAF) Unit European Polar Board (EPB) Sciences and and (SCH) Sciences Nuclear Physics European European Space Science (EMRC) Environmental Engineering (SCSS) Collaboration Committee Committee (ESSC) Sciences Sciences (NuPECC) Committee on Radio (LESC) (PESC) Astronomy Frequencies (CRAF) Strasbourg Office ESF-COST Nuclear Physics European Brussels Office Collaboration Committee (NuPECC)

Chief ExecutiveStrasbourg Office Office ESF-COST Brussels Office Chief Executive Of cer ESFDepartment Science of Administration and Management and Finance Staff (in post as at December 2005) Professor Bertil Andersson Director of Administration and Finance Director of Science and Strategy Mr. David Weber Dr. John Marks Communications Unit Chief Executive Office Head of Human Resources Senior Scienti c Of cer Director Ms. Catherine Lux ChiefMr. Neil Executive Williams Of cer Mr. Claus Nowotny Department of Administration and Finance Professor Bertil Andersson Senior Personnel Of cer Science Of cer Director of Administration and Finance Ms. Jacqueline Steydli DirectorDr. Nina of Kancewicz-Hoffman Science and Strategy Mr. David Weber Dr.Personal John MarksAssistant to the CEO Communications Unit Head of Human Resources SeniorMs. Veronica Scienti c Schauinger-Horne Of cer Director Ms. Catherine Lux Mr. Neil Williams Mr. Claus Nowotny Senior Personnel Of cer Science Of cer Dr. Nina Kancewicz-Hoffman SecretariatsMs. Jacqueline Steydli Scientific Secretariats of Standing Committees Secretariat of Expert Committees Personal Assistant to the CEO of ESF Medical Sciences Life, Earth and Physical and Humanities Social Sciences Ms. Veronica Schauinger-Horne Research (EMRC) Environmental Engineering (SCH) (SCSS) Head of Unit: Conferences Dr. Niamh Connolly (MB-ESF) Sciences (LESC) Sciences (PESC) Head of Unit: Secretariats Head of Unit: HeadScientific of Unit: SecretariatsHead of Unit:of Standing CommitteesHead of Unit: Head of Unit: SecretariatHead of Unit: Dr. Paul Egerton (EPB) of Expert Committees Dr. Carole Dr. Monique Dr. Henk ofMs. ESFCaroline Medical Sciences Life,Dr. ArjaEarth Kallio and PhysicalDr. Patrick and Humanities Social Sciences Head of Unit: Moquin-Pattey van Donzel Stronkhorst ResearchHirst (EMRC) Environmental EngineeringBressler (SCH) (SCSS) HeadDr. Jean-Claude of Unit: Worms Conferences Dr.(ESSC)Niamh Connolly (MB-ESF) Sciences (LESC) Sciences (PESC) Deputy Head of Unit: Science Of cer: Dr. Hui Wang Head of Unit: Dr. Rüdiger Head of Unit: Head of Unit: Dr. Patrick Bressler Head of Unit: Head of Unit: Head of Unit: HeadKlein of Unit: Head of Unit: Dr. Paul Egerton (EPB) Science Of cer: Dr. Patricia Arsene (CRAF - NuPECC) Dr. Carole Dr. Arja Kallio Dr. Patrick Dr. Monique Dr. Henk Ms. Caroline Head of Unit: Moquin-Pattey Bressler van Donzel Stronkhorst Hirst Dr. Jean-Claude Worms (ESSC) EUROCORES Deputy Head of Unit: Science Of cer: Dr. Hui Wang Head of Unit: Scheme Coordinator Dr. SvenjeDr. MehlertRüdiger Dr. Patrick Bressler Klein Science Of cer: Dr. Patricia Arsene (CRAF - NuPECC) EUROCORES EUROCORES EUROCORES EUROCORES EMRC LESC PESC SCH EUROCORES Dr. Mariana Dr. Bernard Avril Dr. Josefa Limeres Dr. Rüdiger Klein Scheme Coordinator Dr. Svenje Mehlert Resnicoff Dr. Caroline Fenwick Dr. Farzam EUROCORES EUROCORESDr. Astrid Lunkes EUROCORESRanjbaran EUROCORES EMRC LESC PESCDr. Jean-Claude SCH Worms Dr. Mariana Dr. Bernard Avril Dr. Josefa Limeres Dr. Rüdiger Klein Resnicoff Dr. Caroline Fenwick Dr. Farzam Dr. Astrid Lunkes Ranjbaran Dr. Jean-Claude Worms

ESF Annual Report 2005 29 ESF Member Organisations in 2005

76 Member Organisations in 30 countries

For the latest information about ESF Member Organisations, please visit www.esf.org/members

Austria Cyprus Forskningsstyrelsen Danish Research Agency Fonds zur Förderung Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation Artillerivej 88 • 2300 Copenhagen S der wissenschaftlichen Forschung PO Box 23422 • 1683 Nicosia www.forsk.dk in Österreich www.research.org.cy Austrian Science Fund Weyringergasse 35 • 1040 Wien Estonia www.fwf.ac.at Czech Republic Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia Österreichische Akademie Akademie veˇd Cˇ eské republiky Estonian Academy of Sciences der Wissenschaften Academy of Sciences of the Czech Kohtu 6 • 10130 Tallinn Austrian Academy of Sciences Republic www.akadeemia.ee Dr. Ignaz-Seipel Platz 2 • 1010 Wien Národní 3 • 117 20 Prague 1 www.oeaw.ac.at Eesti Teadusfond www.cas.cz Estonian Science Foundation Grantová agentura Cˇ eské republiky Endla 4 • 10130 Tallinn Belgium Czech Science Foundation www.etf.ee Národní 3 • P.O. Box 1081 • 110 00 Prague 1 Fonds National de la Recherche www.gacr.cz Scientifique Finland National Fund for Scientific Research 5, rue d’Egmont • 1000 Bruxelles Denmark Suomen Akatemia/Finlands Akademi www.fnrs.be Academy of Finland Danmarks Grundforskningsfonden PO Box 99 • Vilhonvuorenkatu 6 Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Danish National Research Foundation 00501 Helsinki Onderzoek-Vlaanderen Holbergsgade 14, 1 • 1057 Copenhagen www.aka.fi Fund for Scientific Research - Flanders www.dg.dk 5 Egmontstraat • 1000 Brussel Suomen Tiedeakatemiain www.fwo.be Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Valtuuskunta/Delegationen för Selskab Vetenskapsakademierna i Finland Royal Danish Academy of Sciences Delegation of the Finnish Academies Bulgaria and Letters of Science and Letters H.C. Andersens Boulevard 35 Mariankatu 5 • 00170 Helsinki Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1553 Copenhagen V www.helsinki.fi/science/deleg 1, 15 Noemvri Str • 1040 Sofia www.royalacademy.dk www.bas.bg Forskningsrådet for Kultur France National Science Fund of Bulgaria og Kommunikation 2A Kniaz Dondukov Blvd. • Sofia 1000 Humanities Research Council Centre national de la recherche www.nsfb.net Forskningsrådet for Sundhet og Sygdom scientifique Medical Science Research Council National Centre for Scientific Research Forskningsrådet for Natur og Univers 3 rue Michel-Ange • 75794 Paris cedex 16 Croatia Natural Science Research Council www.cnrs.fr Forskningsrådet for Samfund og Erhverv Hrvatska akademija znanosti i Social Science Research Council Commissariat à l’énergie atomique/ umjetnosti Forskningsrådet for Teknik og Direction des sciences de la matière Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts Produktion Institute for Basic Research Zrinski Trg 11 • 10000 Zagreb Danish Research Council for Technolgy of the Atomic Energy Commission www.hazu.hr and Production 31-33 rue de la Fédération The secretarial functions for all five Danish 75752 Paris cedex 15 research councils are assumed by: www.cea.fr

30 ESF Annual Report 2005 Iceland

Sweden Finland

Norway

Estonia

Denmark Lithuania Ireland

United Kingdom

Netherlands Poland Belgium Germany

Luxembourg Czech Republic Slovak Republic

Austria France Switzerland Hungary

Slovenia Romania Croatia

Bulgaria Portugal Italy Spain

Turkey Greece

Cyprus

Institut français de recherche Germany Greece pour l’exploitation de la mer French Research Institute Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft EONIKO I∆PYMA EPEYNΩN for Exploitation of the Sea German Research Foundation National Hellenic Research Foundation Technopolis 40 Kennedyallee 40 • 53175 Bonn 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue 155 rue Jean-Jacques Rousseau www.dfg.de 116 35 Athens 92138 Issy-les-Moulineaux cedex www.eie.gr www.ifremer.fr Hermann von Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren Foundation for Research and Institut national de la recherche Helmholtz Association of German Technology – Hellas agronomique Research Centres Forth-IACM, Vassilika • PO Box 152 National Institute for Agronomic Postfach 20 14 48 • Ahrstrasse 45 711 10 Heraklion Research 53175 Bonn www.forth.gr 147 rue de l’Université • 75338 Paris cedex 07 www.helmholtz.de www.inra.fr Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Hungary Institut national de la santé Max Planck Society et de la recherche médicale Postfach 10 10 62 • Hofgartenstrasse 8 Magyar Tudományos Akadémia National Institute for Health 80539 München Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Medical Research www.mpg.de Roosevelt tér. 9 • 1 051 Budapest 101 rue de Tolbiac • 75654 Paris cedex 13 www.mta.hu www.inserm.fr Union der deutschen Akademien der Wissenschaften Országos Tudományos Kutatási Institut de recherche Union of the German Academies Alapprogramok pour le développement of Sciences and Humanities Hungarian Scientific Research Fund National Institute for Development Geschwister-Scholl-Strasse 2 Könyves Kálmán Krt. 48-52 209-213 rue La Fayette 55131 Mainz 1087 Budapest 75480 Paris cedex 10 www.akademieunion.de www.otka.hu www.ird.fr

ESF Annual Report 2005 31 ESF Member Organisations in 2005

Iceland Lithuania Poland

Rannís Lithuanian State Science and Studies Polska Akademia Nauk Icelandic Centre for Research Foundation Polish Academy of Sciences Laugavegi 13 • 101 Reykjavik Gostauto str. 12-407 • Vilnius 01108 Palac Kultury i Nauki • 00-901 Warsaw www.rannis.is www.vmsfondas.lt www.pan.pl

Ireland Luxembourg Portugal

Am Chomhairle um Thaighde sna Dána Fonds National de la Recherche Academia das Ciências de Lisboa agus sna hEolaíochtaí Sóisialta National Research Fund Lisbon Academy of Sciences Irish Research Council for the Building D1 • 3rd Floor of the Chamber Rua da Academia das Ciências, 19 Humanities and Social Sciences of Commerce • 6 rue Antoine 1249-122 Lisboa First Floor • Brooklawn House • de Saint-Exupery • PO Box 1777 • www.acas-ciencias.pt Shelbourne Road • Ballsbridge • Dublin 4 1017 Luxembourg-Kirchberg Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia www.irchss.ie www.fnr.lu Foundation for Science and Technology Enterprise Ireland Avenida Dom Carlos I, 126 Glasnevin • Dublin 9 Netherlands 1249-074 Lisboa www.enterprise-ireland.com www.fct.mces.pt

Health Research Board Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie Gabinete de Relações Internacionais 73 Lower Baggot Street • Dublin 2 van Wetenschappen da Ciência e do Ensino Superior www.hrb.ie Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts Portuguese International Relations and Sciences Cabinet for Science and Higher Irish Research Council for Sciences, Het Trippenhuis • Kloveniersburgwal 29 Education Engineering and Technology Postbus 19121 • 1000 GC Amsterdam Av. 5 de Outubro, 85-5° • 1150-050 Lisboa Brooklawn House • Shelbourne Road www.knaw.nl www.iccti.mct.pt Dublin 4 www.ircset.ie Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Royal Irish Academy Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Romania 19 Dawson Street • Dublin 2 Research Consiliul National al Cercetarii Stiintifice www.ria.ie Laan van Nieuw Oost Indië 300 din Invatamantul Superior Postbus 93138 • 2593 CE Den Haag National University Research Council www.nwo.nl Italy 1 Shitu Magureanu Ave. Cod 76626 sector 5 • Bucharest Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Norway www.cncsis.ro National Research Council Piazzale Aldo Moro 7 • 00185 Roma Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi www.cnr.it Norwegian Academy of Science Slovak Republic and Letters Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Slovenská Akadémia Vied Drammensveien 78 • 0271 Oslo National Institute for Nuclear Physics Slovak Academy of Sciences www.dnva.no Piazza del Caprettari 70 • 00186 Roma Štefánikova 49 • 814 38 Bratislava www.infn.it Norges Forskningsråd www.sav.sk Research Council of Norway Stensberggata 26 • PO Box 2700 St Hanshaugen • 0131 Oslo www.forskningsradet.no

32 ESF Annual Report 2005 Slovenia Kungliga Vitterhets Historie United Kingdom och Antikvitets Akademien Slovenska Akademija Znanosti Royal Academy of Letters, History Arts and Humanities Research Council in Umetnosti and Antiquities Whitefriars • Lewins Mead • Bristol BS1 Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts Box 5622 • Villagatan 3 2AE Novi trg. 3 • p.p. 323 • 1000 Ljubljana 114 86 Stockholm www.ahrb.ac.uk www.sazu.si www.vitterhetsakad.se Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Slovenska Znanstvena Fundacija Vetenskapsrådet Research Council Slovenian Science Foundation Swedish Research Council Polaris House • North Star Avenue Stefanova Ul. 15 • 1000 Ljubljana Regeringsgatan 56 • 103 78 Stockholm Swindon SN2 1UH www.ustanova-szf.si www.vr.se www.bbsrc.ac.uk

The British Academy Spain Switzerland 10 Carlton House Terrace London SW1Y 5AH Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Rat der schweizerischen www.britac.ac.uk wissenschaftlichen Akademien Científicas Economic and Social Research Council Council of the Swiss Scientific Council for Scientific Research Polaris House • North Star Avenue Academies Calle Serrano 117 • 28006 Madrid Swindon SN2 1UJ Hirschengraben 11 • Postfach 8160 www.csic.es www.esrc.ac.uk 3001 Bern Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia www.cass.ch Engineering and Physical Sciences Ministry of Education and Science Research Council Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur José Abascal 4 • 28003 Madrid Polaris House • North Star Avenue Förderung der wissenschaftlichen www.mec.es Swindon SN2 1ET Forschung www.epsrc.ac.uk Swiss National Science Foundation Sweden Wildhainweg 20 • Postfach 2338 Medical Research Council 3001 Bern 20 Park Crescent • London W1B 1AL Forskningsrådet för arbetsliv www.snf.ch www.mrc.ac.uk och socialvetenskap Natural Environment Research Council Swedish Council for Working Life Polaris House • North Star Avenue and Social Research Turkey Swindon SN2 1EU Box 2220 • Birger Jarls torg 5 • www.nerc.ac.uk Riddarholmen • 103 15 Stockholm Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknik Arastırma www.fas.forskning.se Kurumu Particle Physics and Astronomy The Scientific and Technical Research Research Council Forskningsrådet för miljö, areella Council of Turkey Polaris House • North Star Avenue näringar och samhällsbyggande Atatürk Bulvari 221 • Kavaklidere Swindon SN2 1SZ Swedish Council for Environment, 06100 Ankara www.pparc.ac.uk Agricultural Sciences and Spatial www.tubitak.gov.tr Planning The Royal Society Box 1206 • Birger Jarls torg 5 • 6 Carlton House Terrace 111 82 Stockholm London SW1Y 5AG www.formas.se www.royalsoc.ac.uk Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Box 50005 • Lilla Frescativägen 4a • 104 05 Stockholm www.kva.se

ESF Annual Report 2005 33 ESF Governing Bodies and Committees Membership

For the latest information, please visit www.esf.org/structure

Executive Board Reinder J van Duinen (President) Observers: Netherlands (to 31 December 2005) Robert-Jan Smits European Commission The President, the Vice-Presidents, up Ian Halliday (President) United Kingdom Pieter Drenth All European Academies to five other members elected by the (from 1 January 2006) (ALLEA) Assembly on the advice of the Governing Richard Dyer (Vice-President) United John Smith European University Council, and the Chief Executive make Kingdom Association (EUA) up the ESF Executive Board. This body is Katherine Richardson Christensen responsible for implementing the strategy (Vice-President) Denmark Contact: and policy set by the Governing Council Izo Abram France Veronica Schauinger-Horne and the development of the Foundation’s Raymond Bausch Luxembourg Tel: +33 (0)3 88 76 71 16 science policy activities. Fiona Devine United Kingdom E-mail: [email protected] Michel Dodet France Reinder J van Duinen (President) Ioan Dumitrache Romania Netherlands (to 31 December 2005) Jüri Engelbrecht Estonia Finance and Audit Haflidi Petur Gislason Iceland Ian Halliday (President) United Kingdom Committee (from 1 January 2006) Peter Gruss Germany Richard Dyer (Vice-President) Arvid Hallén Norway Richard Dyer (Chair) United Kingdom United Kingdom Daniel Höchli Switzerland Anna d’Amato Italy Katherine Richardson Christensen Boris Kamenar Croatia Ömer Anlagan Turkey (Vice-President) Denmark Norbert Kroó Hungary Peter Fletcher United Kingdom Jean-Luc Clément France Dimitrios Kyriakidis Greece Bela Kardon Hungary Jane Grimson Ireland Andrzej Legocki Poland Robert Kuhn Germany Mario Rinaldi Italy Elsebeth Lynge Denmark Tom McCarthy Ireland Kai L Simons Germany Martin Lyes Ireland Juha Sarkio Finland Josef Syka Czech Republic Carlos Martinez-Alonso Spain Lula Sigala Greece Bertil Andersson (ESF Chief Executive) Andreas Moleskis Cyprus Jiri Niederle Czech Republic Yves Terrien France Contact: Peter Nijkamp Netherlands ESF Office Veronica Schauinger-Horne Pär Omling Sweden Bertil Andersson ESF Chief Executive Tel: +33 (0)3 88 76 71 16 John O’Reilly United Kingdom David Weber ESF Director of E-mail: [email protected] Maurice Pensaert Belgium Roberto Petronzio Italy Administration and Finance Paolo Ramat Italy Fernando Ramôa Ribeiro Portugal Governing Council Sigitas Rencys Lithuania Auditors Jozef Šimúth Slovak Republic The Governing Council is composed Hans Sünkel Austria Public Audit Office: of members appointed by the ‘national Miha Tišler Slovenia Frank O’Neill Ireland groups’ of Member Organisations with one Raimo Väyrynen Finland representative from each country (with two Ernst-Ludwig Winnacker Germany from France, Germany, Italy and the United Statutory Auditors: Naum Yakimoff Bulgaria Kingdom), usually at the level of Head of Emmanuelle Serrano KPMG Nüket Yetis Turkey a Member Organisation. It is responsible Jean-Pierre Poletti KPMG for setting, approving, directing and monitoring the overall strategic direction of the Foundation and is chaired by the President of the Foundation. Members of the Executive Board also attend Council meetings.

34 ESF Annual Report 2005 © The Exploratorium, www.exploratorium.edu © CERES Science Team, NASA Langley Research Center

Mark Pitman United Kingdom Standing Committee Standing Katarina Poláková Slovak Republic Laurentiu M Popescu Romania for the Life, Earth and Committees Charles Pull Luxembourg Environmental Sciences Ernst Theodor Rietschel Germany (LESC) Nadire Yesim Cetinkaya Sardan Turkey European Medical Janez Sketelj Slovenia The ESF Standing Committee for the Kristiaan Thielemans Belgium Life, Earth and Environmental Sciences Research Council (EMRC) Miklós Tóth Hungary (LESC) encompasses a number of Andrzej Trzebski Poland disciplines such as biology, biotechnology, EMRC is the association of the European Kalervo Väänänen Finland agriculture, earth sciences, glaciology, funding agencies covering a broad Eero Vasar Estonia oceanography, meteorology, and other range of disciplines in medical sciences Walter Wahli Switzerland life and environmental sciences. The with the main objectives of developing Klaus Wolff Austria Committee is composed of leading European scientific strategies in the Chrysanthos Zamboulis Greece field; promoting interactions between scientists mandated to represent the ESF Member Organisations. Observers from the biological, biomedical, clinical and Observers: other ESF Committees/Expert Groups or public health research communities; Julian Dow LESC representative external organisations are also invited to stimulating collaborations in emerging Alan Bernstein Canadian Institutes attend committee meetings, as are guests and interdisciplinary research areas. of Health Research, Canada The EMRC membership is composed of Sharon Hrynkow Fogarty International from the COST Technical Committees. delegates with a high scientific profile Center, USA who are nominated by their ESF Member Bruce A Scoggins Health Research Alexandre Quintanilha (Chair) Portugal Organisations involved in biomedical Council of New Zealand Fatima Abrantes Portugal sciences (max. two representatives per Arnon Nagler Israel Academy of Sciences Demir Altiner Turkey country), together with observers from and Humanities, Israel Stella Canna-Michaelidou Cyprus Israel, USA, Canada, New Zealand, WHO- Octavi Quintana-Trias European Salvatore Cannistraro Italy Europe, the European Commission and the Commission, DG Research Reinhart Ceulemans Belgium ESF Standing Committee for Life, Earth and Edvard Peter Beem NWO, Netherlands Constantinos Doukas Greece Environmental Sciences (LESC). Julian Dow United Kingdom Head of Unit: Juan Pedro Garcia Ballesta Spain Clemens Sorg (Chair) Germany Carole Moquin-Pattey Josef Glössl Austria Vladimir Bencko Czech Republic Contact: Jean-Henri Hecq Belgium Håkan Billig Sweden Blanche Facchini-Schaller Lucien Hoffmann Luxembourg Gunnar Bovim Norway Tel: +33 (0)3 88 76 71 18 Milena Horvat Slovenia Christian Bréchot France E-mail: [email protected] Philippe Jean-Baptiste France Arturo Brunetti Italy Hefin Jones United Kingdom Antonio de Bernad Miana Spain Marek Konarzewski Poland Michel Goldman Belgium Zeljko Kucan Croatia Agnès Gruart Spain Olevi Kull Estonia Ingileif Jónsdóttir Iceland Juozas Kulys Lithuania Dermot Kelleher Ireland Markku Löytönen Finland Dietrich Kraft Austria John Ludden France Zita Ausrele Kucinskiene Lithuania Peadar McArdle Ireland Marianne Minkowski France Jens Meincke Germany Andis Nicolaides Cyprus Štefan Mihina Slovak Republic Finn Cilius Nielsen Denmark Volker Mosbrugger Germany Wladimir Ovtscharoff Bulgaria Jan Motlik Czech Republic Leonor Parreira Portugal Rudy Rabbinge Netherlands Kresimir Pavelic Croatia Adam Schultz United Kingdom H M Pinedo Netherlands Hans Petter Sejrup Norway

ESF Annual Report 2005 35 © G. Mussardo, SISSA Italy © Topkapi Sarayi Müzesi Kütüphanesi, Istanbul

Olgeir Sigmarsson France the European Commission, the European Informatics and Mathematics (ERCIM) Lars Stemmerik Denmark Mathematical Society, the European Lorenzo Valles-Brau European Andreas Strasser Switzerland Research Consortium for Informatics and Commission, DG Research François Tardieu France Mathematics (ERCIM), the Israel Academy Thomas A Weber National Science Anders Tunlid Sweden of Sciences, and the US National Science Foundation, USA Angheluta Vadineanu Romania Foundation attend committee meetings. Zoltán Varga Hungary Head of Unit: Maciej Zylicz Poland (to March 2005) Michel Mareschal (Chair) Belgium/France Neil Williams (to Sept 2005) nn Bulgaria Carmen N Afonso Spain Head of Unit: Andreas Alexandrou Cyprus Patrick Bressler Observers: Jean-Marie André Belgium Contact: Elisabeth Guazzelli PESC representative Roberto Battiston Italy Marie Gruber Gerhard Haerendel ESSC Chair Polina Bayvel United Kingdom Tel: +33 (0)3 88 76 71 07 Gérard Jugie EPB Chair Venko N Beschkov Bulgaria E-mail: [email protected] Jan Mees Marine Board - ESF Ian Butterworth United Kingdom Jean-François Minster Marine Board - Pavel Chráska Czech Republic ESF Chair Gabriel Crean Ireland Standing Committee for Giora Simchen Israel Academy of Sciences Gerhard Erker Germany and Humanities, Israel Stavros C Farantos Greece the Humanities (SCH) Hermona Soreq Israel Academy of Sciences Elisabeth Guazzelli France Humanities research explores the origins and Humanities, Israel (to March 2005) Judith A K Howard United Kingdom and products of the human capacity Ib Troen/P Valette European Commission, Ivan Hubac Slovak Republic for creativity and communication, and DG Research Fjola Jonsdottir Iceland encompasses a broad spectrum of nn National Science Foundation, USA René Kamermans Netherlands Sadik Engin Kilic Turkey disciplines all pertaining to the human construction, perception and interpretation Head of Unit: János Kollár Hungary of the world, also expressed through Martina Hilger-Hildebrandt (to Aug 2005) Ulrich Langer Austria Norway the arts. SCH fosters basic research in Acting Head of Unit Knut Liestøl Bozidar Liscic Croatia new, both mono- and multidisciplinary Arja Kallio (Sept-Dec 2005) Massimo Martinelli Italy collaborative frameworks. The ability Contact: Enn Mellikov Estonia of humanities research to be synthetic Jane Swift Henri-Noël Migeon Luxembourg as well as analytic helps to transcend Tel: +33 (0)3 88 76 71 29 Radu Munteanu Romania dichotomies between the natural and E-mail: [email protected] Ole John Nielsen Denmark the human sciences. Transdisciplinary Moira C Norrie Switzerland research programmes generate new Kaisa Sere Finland knowledge, in complex fields of such Standing Committee Henryk Szymczak Poland as consciousness research / cognitive for the Physical and Malgorzata Tkatchenko France sciences, human dignity, cultural Engineering Sciences Peter Venturini Slovenia diversity / technological innovation and Dorothea Wagner Germany culture / environment / sustainability. (PESC) Michel Waroquier Belgium SCH consists of representatives of ESF Håkan Wennerström Sweden member research councils and academies, The Standing Committee for the Physical with subject specialists to complement and Engineering Sciences (PESC) Observers: ordinary membership. Observers attend covers a broad range of science topics Salvatore Cannistraro LESC from the COST Technical Committee including physics, chemistry, materials, representative (TC) Social Sciences and Humanities, the mathematics, informatics and computer Sir John Kingman European Mathematical European Commission, the US National sciences, and engineering. The Committee Society Endowment for the Humanities, the is composed of more than 35 leading Joseph Klafter Israel Academy of Sciences Canadian Social Sciences and Humanities scientists nominated by the Foundation’s and Humanities Research Council, and the Israel Academy Member Organisations. Observers from nn European Research Consortium for of Sciences and Humanities.

36 ESF Annual Report 2005 © Tim Graham

Gretty Mizrahi Mirdal (Chair) Denmark Contact: Hrafnhildur Ragnarsdóttir Iceland Luis Adão de Fonseca Portugal Irma Vogel Fernando Reinares Spain (to June 2005) Ján Bakos Slovak Republic Tel: +33 (0)3 88 76 71 26 Asbjørn Rødseth Norway Maurice Bric Ireland E-mail: [email protected] Kerstin Sahlin-Andersson Sweden Luca Codignola Italy Savvas Savvides Cyprus Péter Dávidházi Hungary Maja Seršic Croatia Jacques Dubucs France Standing Committee Slavko Splichal Slovenia Gürol Irzik Turkey Georges Steffgen Luxembourg Arne Jarrick Sweden for the Social Sciences Adelino A. Torres Portugal Ulrike Landfester Switzerland (SCSS) Luc Wilkin Belgium Kostas Gouliamos Cyprus John Yfantopoulos Greece Poul Holm Denmark The Standing Committee for the Social Jože Krašovec Slovenia Sciences (SCSS) covers the wide range Observers: Bohuslav Mánek Czech Republic of fields in the social sciences and Martina Hartl COST Technical Committee Marco Martiniello Belgium is composed of approximately thirty for the Social Sciences and Humanities Kari Melby Norway members, who serve as chairs or hold Asher Koriat Israel Academy of Sciences Arto Mustajoki Finland prominent positions in social science and Humanities Gudrún Nordal Iceland research councils and research institutions Pierre Perrolle National Science Karl Pajusalu Estonia in their countries. Several observers from Foundation, United States Ilie Parvu Romania within and outside Europe also attend Andrew Sors European Commission Maria del Carmen Picallo Soler Spain Standing Committee meetings on a regular (to Sept 2005) Walter Pohl Austria basis. The SCSS has taken part in setting Christian Sylvain Social Sciences and Michel Polfer Luxembourg up a Dialogue Group involving the SCH Humanities Research Council, Canada Naomi Segal United Kingdom and the COST Technical Committee for Martin Stokhof The Netherlands the Social Sciences and Humanities to Advisory Expert: Przemyslaw Urbanczyk Poland further collaboration between the two Bjørn Henrichsen Norwegian Social Mark Waelkens Belgium organisations and disciplines and to Science Data Services Milena Ziç-Fuchs Croatia investigate the best path of development. nn Bulgaria Associated Institute: nn Greece Gün R. Semin (Chair) Netherlands Ali Kazancigil International Social Science Erik Albæk Denmark Council, France Subject Representative: Gisli Palsson Anthropology University Ahmet Alkan Turkey Head of Unit: of Iceland Gérald Berthoud Switzerland Henk Stronkhorst Observers: Giovanni Cannata Italy Contact: Chris Godwin COST Technical Committee John Coakley Ireland Rhona Heywood Social Sciences and Humanities Jakob De Haan Netherlands Tel: +33 (0)3 88 76 71 31 Pascal Dissard European Commission, DG Ian Diamond United Kingdom E-mail: [email protected] Research Dalina Dumitrescu Romania Etan Kohlberg Israel Academy of Sciences Patrice Fontaine France and Humanities, Israel Emmanuël Gerard Belgium Bruce Cole National Endowment for the Galin Gornev Bulgaria Humanities, USA Herbert Gottweis Austria Janet E Halliwell Social Sciences and Dagmar Kutsar Estonia Humanities Research Council of Canada Christos Lyrintzis Greece (to June 2005) Bogdan Mach Poland Head of Unit: Inés Macho-Stadler Spain Elisabeth Vestergaard (to Oct. 2005) Zdenka Mansfeldová Czech Republic Head of Unit: Silvia Miháliková Slovak Republic Monique van Donzel Ilona Pálné Kovács Hungary Research and Foresight: Vygandas Paulikas Lithuania Rüdiger Klein Raija-Leena Punamäki Finland

ESF Annual Report 2005 37 © ECORD /Olivier Dugornay 2 00 © Ifremer/Phare 2

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft European Polar Board Expert Germany Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (EPB) Committees Deutscher Forschungszentren Germany The European Polar Board (EPB) is Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Europe’s principle expert committee Greece on science policy in the Polar Regions. Marine Institute Ireland Marine Board – ESF It acts as the liaison and facilitator of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Italy cooperation between European national (MB-ESF) Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia funding agencies, national polar institutes e di Geofisica Sperimentale Italy and research organisations. It also offers The Marine Board - ESF was established Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie independent strategic advice on science in 1995 to facilitate enhanced coordination van Wetenschappen Netherlands policy in the Polar Regions to the European between European marine science Nederlandse Organisatie voor Commission, national governments and organisations and the development of Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek international polar bodies. The European strategies for marine science in Europe. Netherlands Polar Board is concerned with major With its current membership of 25 national Havforskningsinstituttet Norway strategic priorities in the Arctic and marine research institutes and agencies Norges Forskningsråd Norway Antarctic and has members from national from 17 European countries, the Marine Polska Akademia Nauk Poland operators and research Institutes in Board has the appropriate representation Gabinete de Relações Internacionais 20 countries including pre-Accession to provide a unique forum for marine da Ciência e do Ensino Superior Portugal countries to the EU and States outside science in Europe and world-wide. The Consejo Superior de Investigaciones the EU. Member Organisations of the Marine Científicas Spain Board contribute annually to finance the Instituto Español de Oceanografia Spain Executive Committee: activities and running costs of the Executive Vetenskapsrådet Sweden Gérard Jugie (Chair) France Secretariat. Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknik Arastırma Anders Karlqvist (Vice-Chair) Sweden Kurumu Turkey Jeronimo Lopez-Martinez (Vice-Chair) Executive Committee: Natural Environment Research Council Spain Jean-François Minster (Chair) France United Kingdom Hanne K Petersen (Vice Chair) Denmark Jan de Leeuw (Vice-Chair) Netherlands Chris Rapley (Vice-Chair) United Kingdom Philip Newton (Vice-Chair) Observers: Jan Stel (Vice-Chair) Netherlands United Kingdom Olle Hagström European Commission, Jörn Thiede (Vice-Chair) Germany Geoffrey O’Sullivan (Vice-Chair) Ireland DG Fisheries and Maritime Affairs Mario Ruivo (Vice-Chair) Portugal Gérard Jugie European Polar Board Member Organisations: Pierre Mathy European Commission, Fonds zur Förderung der Member Organisations: DG Research wissenschaftlichen Forschung Austria Fonds zur Förderung der Adam Schulz ESF Standing Committee Österreichische Akademie der wissenschaftlichen Forschung Austria for Life, Earth and Environmental Sciences Wissenschaften Austria Österreichische Akademie der Fonds National de la Recherche Wissenschaften Austria Head of Unit: Scientifique Belgium Fonds National de la Recherche Niamh Connolly Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Scientifique Belgium Contact: Onderzoek – Vlaanderen Belgium Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Ellen Degott Bulgarian Antarctic Institute Bulgaria Onderzoek – Vlaanderen Belgium Tel: +33 (0)3 88 76 71 68 Masarykova univerzita v Brne – Statens Naturvidenskabelige E-mail: [email protected] Vyzkumne pracoviste polarni ekologie Forskningsråd Denmark Czech Republic Suomen Akatemia/Finlands Akademi Ceska Geograficka Spolecnost Czech Finland Republic Centre National de la Recherche Kommissionen for videnskabelige Scientifique France Undersøg-elser i Grønland Denmark Institut Français de Recherche Estonian Academy of Sciences – pour l’Exploitation de la Mer France Estonian Polar Committee Estonia

38 ESF Annual Report 2005 © Ray Gralak © Ian Morison, Jodrell Bank Observatory

Suomen Akatemia/Finlands Akademi European Space Science Head of Unit: Finland Jean-Claude Worms Institut Polaire Français Paul Émile Committee (ESSC) Contact: Victor France Carole Mabrouk The European Space Science Committee Centre National de la Recherche Tel: +33 (0)3 88 76 71 69 Scientifique France (ESSC) is the ESF’s Expert Committee E-mail: [email protected] Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft on space research. It covers all related Germany aspects, i.e. space physical science, Earth observation, and life and physical sciences Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Committee on Radio Deutscher Forschungszentren Germany in space. The Committee investigates Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Italy and presents the view of the scientific Astronomy Frequencies Ente per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia community in Europe on space research (CRAF) e l’Ambiente Italy issues and provides an independent voice Fonds National de la Recherche on European space science policy. The Committee on Radio Astronomy Scientifique Luxembourg The ESSC meetings are also attended by Frequencies (CRAF), which was established Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie representatives from the European Space in 1988, represents all the major radio van Wetenschappen Netherlands Agency, the European Commission, the astronomical observatories in Europe. Nederlandse Organisatie voor Space Studies Board of the US National Its mission is to coordinate activities Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Research Council, and COSPAR. to keep the frequency bands used by Netherlands radio astronomers in Europe free from Norges Forskningsråd Norway Gerhard Haerendel (Chair) Germany interference. Norsk Polarinstitutt Norway Willy Benz Switzerland Polska Akademia Nauk Poland Bernard Billia France Roberto Ambrosini (Chair) Italy Russian Academy of Science Russian Roger Bouillon Belgium Titus Spoelstra (Secretary + Frequency Federation Bruno Carli Italy Manager) (to Dec 2005) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Angioletta Coradini Italy Pietro Bolli (Secretary) Científicas Spain Karsten Danzmann Germany Laurentiu Alexe (Frequency Manager) Oficina de Ciencia y Tecnología Spain Michel Deshayes France Rafael Bachiller Spain Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien Sweden Pascale Ehrenfreund Netherlands Edgars Bervalds Latvia (to June 2005) Polarforskningssekretariatet Sweden (to end 2005) Valery Bezrukov Latvia Ukrainian Antarctic Centre Ukraine Kari Enqvist Finland (to Feb 2005) Fredric Clette Belgium Natural Environment Research Council Jean-Louis Fellous France (to July 2005) R James Cohen United Kingdom United Kingdom Monica Grady United Kingdom André Deschamps France Luis Manuel dos Santos Rocha Cupido Eberhard Grün Germany (to end 2005) Portugal Head of Unit: Anthony Hollingsworth Ireland + UK Boris A Doubinski Russian Federation Paul Egerton Peter Norsk Denmark Istvan Fejes Hungary Contact: Jean-Loup Puget France (to end 2005) Ernst Fürst Germany (to May 2005) Catherine Schall Göran Scharmer Sweden Axel Jessner Germany Tel: +33 (0)3 88 76 21 65 Kai-Uwe Schrogl Germany Karel Jiricka Czech Republic E-mail: [email protected] Germany Christiane Schmullius Ibrahim Küçük Turkey Sabine Schindler Austria Michael Lindqvist Sweden Catherine Turon France Robert Millenaar Netherlands Michel Vauclin France Christian Monstein Switzerland Karel Wakker Netherlands D Morris France Jérôme de la Noë France (to June 2005) Roger M Bonnet ex officio COSPAR J P V Poiares Baptista Netherlands President Jouko Ritakari Finland Paul Scott United Kingdom Observer: Jerzy B Usowicz Poland Demir Altiner LESC representative Wim van Driel France (to end 2005) Gudmund Wannberg Sweden

ESF Annual Report 2005 39 Geir© F.

Observers: Nuclear Physics European Observers: Tomas Gergely National Science Rezsö Lovas/Matti Leino (alternate) Foundation, USA Collaboration Committee Nuclear Physics Board, European Physical (NuPECC) Society (EPS) Scientific Secretary: Neil Williams (to Sept 2005) This ESF Expert Committee was Scientific Secretary: Scientific Secretary: established in 1990. Its tasks are to Neil Williams (to Sept 2005) Patrick Bressler strengthen European collaboration Scientific Secretary: Contact: in nuclear physics and science; define Patrick Bressler Carole Mabrouk a network of complementary facilities Contact: Tel: +33 (0)3 88 76 71 69 within Europe and encourage optimisation Carole Mabrouk E-mail: [email protected] of their usage; provide a forum for the Tel: +33 (0)3 88 76 71 69 discussion of the provision of future E-mail: [email protected] facilities and instrumentation; and issue recommendations on the development, organisation, and support of European nuclear physics, and of particular projects.

Muhsin N Harakeh (Chair) Netherlands (to June 2005) Brian R Fulton (Chair) United Kingdom Gabriele-Elisabeth Körner (Secretary) Germany Claude Amsler Switzerland Jean-Paul Blaizot ECT*-Trento, Italy Tullio Bressani Italy Roman Caplar Croatia Jan Dobeš Czech Republic Ana Maria Eiró Portugal Graziano Fortuna Italy Dominique Goutte France Dominique Guillemaud-Mueller France Hans-Ake Gustafsson Sweden Bernard Haas France Sotirios Harissopulos Greece Paul-Henri Heenen Belgium Walter Henning Germany Rauno Julin Finland Attila Krasznahorkay Hungary Helmut Leeb Austria Alfredo Poves Spain Karsten Riisager Denmark Dieter Röhrich Norway Günther Rosner United Kingdom Gerard van der Steenhoven Netherlands Hans Ströher Germany Jan Styczen Poland Jochen Wambach Germany Nicolae Victor Zamfir Romania

40 ESF Annual Report 2005 ESF Activities © Getty Images/Vincent Hazat

ESF Annual Report 2005 41 Forward Looks © Schering AG For the latest information, please visit www.esf.org/flooks

The aim of ESF Forward Looks Nanomedicine NanoScience and is to enable Europe’s scientific 2003-2005 the long-term future of community to develop medium to Information Technology long-term views and analyses of The goal of this Forward Look, which future research developments in delivered its findings in 2005, was to (NSIT) exchange views on the current status of 2003-2006 multidisciplinary topics, and to nanomedicine between scientific experts interact with the policy makers and policy makers, and to reflect on Nanoscience, i.e. the observation, from ESF Member Organisations. future developments, opportunities and understanding, and manipulation of matter The purpose of a Forward Look challenges facing this field in Europe and at the nanometre scale is expected to have is to bring together in a global worldwide. a strong impact in tomorrow’s products. context scientific foresight and The Forward Look was conducted via a Various areas should benefit from these priority-setting for research series of five workshops on subtopics developments: materials, medicine, and within nanomedicine and a final conference information technology. Indeed, information funding at national and European with more than 100 international experts and communication technologies (ICT) levels. from academia, industry, private have already been taken benefit from The following pages present the foundations and governmental agencies the downsizing of components since the ESF Forward Looks which were supporting scientific research. This sixties. It is expected, however, that the active in 2005. foresight study has identified current ever-increasing computing performance developments in selected areas of and storage capacities achievable with Nanomedicine, foreseen developments existing technologies will eventually reach that are likely to take place during the next a plateau in 10-15 years time, The expected decade, stimulated cooperation between increase in the capability of logic systems, the medical community and chemists, together with other similar trends like the biologists and physicists, and encouraged increase of storage capacity, and the fast interaction between scientific communities growth of communication bandwith will and the policy makers from ESF Member obviously lead to new products which could Organisations and the general public. have a strong impact. An ESF Policy Briefing summarising the The ESF organised in 2005 the NSIT recommendations from this Forward Look Forward Look to investigate the was published in March 2005 and the consequences of nanotechnology in the release of the Final Report was launched on domain of information technology. The 15 December 2005 during a Press Briefing. central event was a NSIT Conference www.esf.org/nano held in Paris in April 2005, which brought together over 70 participants, including world-class scientists, experts from industry as well as policy makers. The output of this exercise was a set of recommendations to national and European research funding agencies, which resulted in an ESF policy briefing – to appear in spring 2006 – and an extensive Full Report – to be published before summer 2006. www.esf.org/nsit

42 ESF Annual Report 2005 © Cnes - Distribution Spot Image

Systems Biology The Netherlands, in January 2005, and 2004-2006 the final Forward Look conference took place in Gosau, Austria in March. Biological and biomedical research www.esf.org/systemsbiology is undergoing revolutionary developments that will have a great and lasting impact on society. These developments involve Urban Science several other sciences, and they enable 2002-2005 us to know and measure the properties of the molecules which constitute life. Urbanisation, in Europe and elsewhere, They are capable of revealing the complete is leading to the recognition that this sets of chemical reactions, interactions environment has become a significant and dynamic structures through which habitat not only for humankind but for many molecules, cells and organs determine other species. We need to study how urban the functioning of living organisms, and peri-urban areas interact with their including man. hinterland and to understand the dynamic Integrating the vast amounts of data processes occurring within towns and available on these components and their cities. Research in this topic spans most interactions, and understanding how life areas of scientific endeavour. Policy-makers arises from and is governed by them, should be able to use the results of such is termed Systems Biology or Integrative multidisciplinary research which should be Biology. The ultimate aim of Systems accompanied by good communication and Biology is to incorporate all processes involvement with the general public and of the living cell in a dynamic description the political process at all levels from local of these processes, which should provide to European. A medium-term perspective a basis for the true understanding of the for research in this area, from a European complex network of processes that we call standpoint, which can build on and bring ‘Life’. together the various national research This Forward Look, which concluded initiatives which are taking place, is of high in 2005, was intended to encourage the priority. integration of approaches from molecular Two workshops were organised as part of and cell biology, mathematics and physics, this Forward Look in 2005, following on and engineering and systems sciences from the four which were held in 2004, and in a way that provides an impetus for the final conference took place in Helsinki in 21st century life science. May. The final report is under preparation. It aimed to boost the European momentum www.esf.org/urbanscience behind was should become a worldwide programme in the area of systems biology, resulting in new European research lines with unprecedented strength through coordination and integration of the European research area on this highly integrative topic that connects sciences and technologies ranging from mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, biotechnology and biomedical research to medicine itself. Following on from a series of workshops that took place in 2004, a Grand Challenge conference was held in Amsterdam,

ESF Annual Report 2005 43 Exploratory Workshops

For the latest information, please visit www.esf.org/workshops

ESF Exploratory Workshops Physical and Engineering to study complex and heterogeneous are an instrument for identifying Sciences (PESC) diseases, Tübingen, Germany, 15-17 April emerging fields requiring action • Antibiotic Prescribing Quality Indicators, Antwerp, Belgium, at a European level. Exploratory • Cellular Computing (Complexity 7-9 September Workshops are aimed at helping Aspects), Seville, Spain, • Development of Novel Cancer European research teams to 30 January-2 February Chemopreventive Agents in Europe: • Ultracold Chemistry, Mulhouse, France, exchange knowledge, establish review of preclinical models and early 6-10 February new links and explore the clinical studies and discussion of future • Long-distance Quantum collaborative European initiatives, possibilities of developing future Communication Networks with Atoms Heidelberg, Germany, 18-20 September collaborative actions. and Light, Prague, Czech Republic, • The Subiculum in Normal and In 2005, ESF organised the 9-12 April Pathological Brain Function, Oxford, following workshops based on • Rare Earth Oxide Thin Films: growth, United Kingdom, 21-23 September characterization, and applications, an open Call for Proposals. • Classification and Terminology San Remo, Italy, 11-13 May of Transient Loss of Consciousness, • Nanowires: bridging the gaps Leiden, Netherlands, 21-23 October between materials science and biology, • The Contribution of Animal Research Bad Hofgastein, Austria, 25-28 May to the Study of Human Cognition, • Self-Assembling Fibrillar Networks Marseille, France, 6-9 December – (SAFIN 2005), Agia Pelagia, Crete, Greece, EMRC, SCH, SCSS 28 June-1 July • New Phenomena in Superfluidity and Superconductivity, Camerino, Italy, 3-6 July Life, Earth and • Information Retrieval in Context (IRiX), Environmental Sciences Glasgow, United Kingdom, 25-27 July (LESC) • Challenging Lagrangian Turbulence Dynamics, Castel Gandolfo, Italy, • Aquatic Phage Ecology (EWAPE-1), 1-4 September Thonon-les-Bains, France, 1-4 February • Galaxy Modelling in the Era of GAIA, • Evolution of Carbonate Systems Oxford, United Kingdom, 6-9 September during the Oligocence-Miocene • Effective Models for Low-dimensional Climatic Transition, Potsdam, Germany, Strongly Correlated Systems, 22-25 February Peyresq (Nice), France, 12-16 September • Farming for Health, Wageningen, rd • Toward a 3 Generation European Netherlands, 16-19 March – LESC, SCSS Gravitational Wave Observatory, • Building a Tephrochronological Perugia, Italy, 21-23 September Framework for Europe: the key to better • Nano-Spintronics, Wegberg Wildenrath, models of abrupt environmental change, Germany, 29-30 September Swansea, United Kingdom, 9-12 April • The Chemistry of the Transactinide • Non-Sulfide Zn-Pb Ores: genetic Elements, Oslo, Norway, 2-5 October models and exploration – the European • Novel Superhard Materials, Bayreuth, deposits, Iglesias, Italy, 20-23 April Germany, 17-19 November • The Last Biotic Frontier: towards a census of canopy life, Brussels, Belgium, 6-8 July Medical Sciences (EMRC) • Charcoal to Black Carbon: defining common issues of quantification • Rogue Proteins in Prion Disorders and interpretation in archaeological, and Alzheimer’s Disease, Oescheite/ paleoenvironmental and carbon cycle Zweisimmen, Switzerland, 31 March-3 April research, St. Andrews, United Kingdom, • Microarray meets Diagnostics: chip- 31 August-2 September technology as an innovative technology • The First Big Science – European

44 ESF Annual Report 2005 © National Library of the Czech Republic © J. Schmiedmayer, University of Heidelberg

Geological Maps, 1800-2000, • Roman Coins Outside the Empire. • Citizens, Non-citizens and Voting Paris, France, 17-18 September – Ways and Phases, Contexts and Rights in Europe, Edinburgh, LESC, SCH Functions, Nieborów, Poland, United Kingdom, 2-5 June • The Reactivity of Iron Minerals 5-7 September • Managing Crises in the European in Natural Aquatic Systems, • Europe in Cinema, Cinema in Europe, Union: a first assessment, Bayreuth, Germany, 4-7 October Southampton, United Kingdom, St Maxime, France, 24-27 June • Deconstructing Life: synthetic biology 16-18 September • Person Perception in Infancy: in biocatalysis and biodegradation, • The First Big Science – European integrating current knowledge from Avila, Spain, 13-16 October Geological Maps, 1800-2000, Paris, developmental and comparative • Dynamic Bioavailability of Pollutant France, 17-18 September – LESC, SCH psychology, cognitive neuroscience, Species in Aquatic Ecosystems, Geneva, • Books And Reading For Intercultural psychology of language and Switzerland, 16-19 October Education (BARFIE), Murcia, Spain, communication, Leipzig, Germany, • Large Woody Debris in European 23-25 September 26-30 June – SCH, SCSS Rivers: dynamics, human perception, • Property Rights, Land Market and • 15 Years On: Educational Transitions challenge for restoration and application Economic Growth in Europe (13th-19th in Central and Eastern Europe. to other areas, Lyon, France, 17-19 October Centuries), Thonon, France, 13-15 October Directions for Educational Research • Environmental History: Problems • Environmental History: problems and Policy in the Post-Communist and potential in the integration of the and potential in the integration of EU Accession and Candidate Countries, sciences and humanities, Stirling, United the sciences and humanities, Stirling, Oxford, United Kingdom, 8-10 July Kingdom, 3-4 November – LESC, SCH, United Kingdom, 3-4 November – • Music and Health, Limerick, Ireland, SCSS LESC, SCH, SCSS 18-20 September • New Improvements in the Aquatic • Corpus Coranicum – Exploring • Internet Survey Methodology: toward Ecological Risk Assessment of the Textual Beginnings of the Qur’an, concerted European research efforts, Fungicides and Biocides, Wageningen, Berlin, Germany, 7-9 November Dubrovnik, Croatia, 26-28 September • Revisiting the Concepts of Contract Netherlands, 6-9 November • Poverty: Its Degrees, its causes and and Status under Changing Employment, • New Perspectives on Sea-ice Research its relief – a multidisciplinary approach Welfare and Gender Relations, for the Next 10 to 20 Years, Delmenhorst, to an urgent problem, Kiel, Germany, Brighton, United Kingdom, 6-8 October Germany, 12-16 December 10-13 November 2005 • Environmental History: Problems and • Understanding the Dynamics potential in the integration of the sciences of Knowledge: integrating models and humanities, Stirling, United Kingdom, of knowledge change, development Humanities (SCH) 3-4 November – LESC, SCH, SCSS and evolution in cognitive science, • The Governance of Networks as epistemology, philosophy, Artificial • Sciences in Asia: representations and a Determinant of Local Economic intelligence, logic, and developmental Historiography, 17th to 20th Centuries, Development, San Sebastian, Spain, and evolutionary psychology, Siena, Italy, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 12-15 January 16-18 November 17-19 November – SCH, SCSS • The Jews and the Legacies of Empires, • The Effectiveness of Competition Budapest, Hungary, 29-31 May • The Contribution of Animal Research to Policy: issues and methods, Paris, • Scientific Periodicals in Modern the Study of Human Cognition, Marseille, France, 17-18 November Europe, Wolfenbüttel, Germany, 1-4 June France, 6-9 December – EMRC, SCH, SCSS • Understanding the Dynamics of • Religion and Environment in Europe: • Scholarly Editing and Nation Building Knowledge: integrating models of how are values, worldviews and in Europe, Amsterdam, Netherlands, knowledge change, development spiritualities interconnected with 13-16 December and evolution in cognitive science, environmental practices and the epistemology, philosophy, artificial images of nature of citizens in Europe?, intelligence, logic, and developmental Benediktbeuern, Germany, 3-5 June Social Sciences (SCSS) and evolutionary psychology, • Person Perception in Infancy: Siena, Italy, 17-19 November – SCH, SCSS integrating current knowledge from • Farming for Health, Wageningen, • The Contribution of Animal Research to developmental and comparative Netherlands, 16-19 March – LESC, SCSS the Study of Human Cognition, Marseille, psychology, cognitive neuroscience, • The Long Run Growth and France, 8-9 December – EMRC, SCH, SCSS psychology of language and Development of the World Economy: • Specification Testing, communication, Leipzig, Germany, measurement and theory, Venice, Italy, Santander, Spain, 16-18 December 26-30 June – SCH, SCSS 28 April-1 May

ESF Annual Report 2005 45 EUROCORES

For the latest information, please visit www.esf.org/eurocores

The aim of the European New EUROCORES Current EUROCORES Collaborative Research Programmes under Programmes (EUROCORES) Programmes is to development enable researchers in different European countries to develop In September 2005, five Themes from 52 Physical and Engineering cooperation and scientific synergy Theme Proposals submitted were selected Sciences (PESC) in areas where European scale to be developed into new EUROCORES Programmes. In November and December and scope are required for Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics 2005, at five preparatory workshops, leading-edge science in a global (FoNE) the proposers of the selected Themes context and in this way create It is now widely accepted that the physics came together with the scientific and the critical mass necessary for of hybrid nanostructures will underpin the administrative representatives of ESF’s microelectronics industry of the coming scientific excellence. Member Organisations to turn these decades and that Europe must maintain a The scheme provides a flexible Proposals into potential new EUROCORES presence at the leading edge of this field. framework which allows national Programmes. This EUROCORES Programme recognises research funding organisations to that a comprehensive understanding of the join forces to support top-class The Themes selected are: • RNA Quality: Quality Control of Gene above phenomena is crucial to the future European research in and across Expression – RNA Surveillance development of nanoscale electronics all scientific areas. • EuroQUAM: Cold Quantum Matter and it aims to accelerate the pace of The EUROCORES Scheme is • Inventing Europe: Inventing Europe: European research by concentrating and currently supported by the EC Technology and the Making of Europe, networking the activities of world-leading, Sixth Framework Programme 1850 to the Present European research groups. The primary under Contract no. ERAS-CT- • TECT: The Evolution of Cooperation focus of FoNE is on fundamental nanoscale phenomena affecting electron transport. 2003-980409. and Trading These include: quantum transport, noise and correlations in quantum dots, wires and other novel structures; molecular- scale electronics and atomic contacts; nanoscale spindependent transport and control; proximity effects and hybrid nanostructures. www.esf.org/fone

Self-Organised Nano-Structures (SONS) I (2002 Call) Researchers can now design materials that assemble themselves into complex, finished structures. Self-assembly, or self-organisation, is a process in which organisation is established in a complex system of interlocking components, where the organisation is determined by competing interactions. New ways of bonding, assembly and linking macromolecules and nano-objects have been developed based on interactions that are more complex and individually weaker than the classical covalent bond. The last decade has seen spectacular advances

46 ESF Annual Report 2005 © Research Centre Karlsruhe © The Exploratorium, www.exploratorium.edu

in both molecular engineering, whereby The EUROCORES S3T Programme seeks The main objectives of the EuroGEAR molecules, clusters and nanocrystals with to lay down theoretical and experimental Programme are: to develop a novel, novel properties are synthesised, and bases for the integration of state-of-the-art systems-biology based approach to the molecular self-assembly, where these sensors into systems to monitor and control disease, which can stimulate collaboration building blocks are designed in such a way major structures. between research groups; to facilitate as to automatically produce novel materials. www.esf.org/s3t DNA collection and large-scale genomic Self-organised nanostructures (SONS) is research in Europe aiming to discover a field that offers breakthroughs in many new genes involved in atherosclerosis areas such as quantum dot lasers or and related traits in Europe; to support magnetic storage devices, to molecular Medical Sciences (EMRC) ongoing population-based studies on electronics, genetic diagnostics, anti-icing atherosclerosis and related disorders in coatings, and rechargeable batteries. Development of a Stem Cell Tool Box Europe, for risk assessment and elucidation SONS is a subject in which it is essential for (EuroSTELLS) of gene interactions; and to develop a Based on the promising therapeutic engineering development and the resolution European network of young researchers potential of stem cells, there is a real need of the scientific challenges to work hand in working in the field of genetic epidemiology. for supporting research in Europe aimed hand. www.esf.org/eurogear at developing human stem cell lines and www.esf.org/sons their biotechnological and therapeutic Pan-European Clinical Trials (ECT) Self-Organised Nano-Structures applications. The EuroSTELLS Programme There is a recognised need for pan- (SONS) II (2005 Call) aims at generating fundamental knowledge European clinical trials addressing For the scientific description see SONS I on stem cell biology by setting up the basis questions that, although of limited interest www.esf.org/sons for comparative analysis of stem cells of to the pharmaceutical industry, have a different origins (embryonic, germ line and strong impact on the quality of life and/or Smart Structural Systems somatic stem cells across species). the morbidity and mortality of Europeans. Technologies (S3T) By promoting and supporting networking, Such questions include evaluation of Major incidents due to failures in the EuroSTELLS Programme fosters surgical management, preventive or engineering infrastructure, modern innovative and multidisciplinary therapeutic strategies, therapy of rare transportation or other spheres of human collaborations as well as synergy with diseases, or new indications for old activity are becoming less acceptable; zero- other international stem cell initiatives; this drugs. This is where ESF and its Member risk protection of citizens is now a long-term will contribute to create a critical mass of Organisations have a distinctive role to play aspiration of governments. Whether it is civil expertise in the stem cell field in Europe. and where the added value of moving from infrastructure, industrial plant, or a fleet of Training activities aim at increasing quality the National to the European level in such trains or aircraft, operators and engineers assurance and harmonisation of research trials is self-evident. are under pressure to make every possible tools, definitions and protocols in stem cell The ECT Programme coordinates public effort to assure public safety, including biology. funding for academic trials in Europe the procurement of new technology, while www.esf.org/eurostells and provides a framework for the at the same time they are under pressure implementation and coordination of to achieve substantial increases of Genetic Epidemiology, Atherosclerosis pan-European clinical trials in compliance operational efficiency and cost reduction. and Related Traits (EuroGEAR) with current National legislations and Consequently, there is less focus on the In recent years, remarkable progress has European regulations. Two pan-European design of new structures and more on the been made in unravelling the etiology clinical trials aimed at rare diseases long-term goal of extending indefinitely, of several genetic disorders. These and the paediatric population are funded through minimum intervention, the safe and developments concern particularly under this programme: EURAMOS economical operational lifetime of individual monogenic disorders, in which there is (a randomised trial of the European structural components and entire systems. a clear-cut relation between the genetic and American Osteosarcoma Group A “smart structure” is a system that has factor and the occurrence of disease. to optimise treatment strategies for the ability to learn about its environment, The challenge for the near future for resectable osteosarcoma based on process the information in real time and genetic epidemiological research will be histological response to pre-operative reduce uncertainty, and generate and the identification of genes involved in the chemotherapy that involves 150 clinical execute control actions in a safe and reliable etiology of common late-onset disorders, centres in 12 European countries, the USA manner to accomplish the desired objective. like atherosclerotic disease. and Canada) and PROFIDYS (a trial aimed

ESF Annual Report 2005 47 © Roche © Imaging Technology Group, University of Illinois

at reducing bone morbidity using an oral Life, Earth and as the operation of plate tectonics and bi-phosphonate in fibrous dysplasia of bone the accretion of the oceanic lithosphere, that involves clinical centres in six European Environmental Sciences and have facilitated new and innovative countries). By promoting and supporting (LESC) scientific advances such as the study networking and training activities, the of microbial communities (deep biosphere) ECT Programme fosters innovative and Challenges of Biodiversity Science and discovery of frozen methane multidisciplinary collaborations with other (EuroDIVERSITY) (gas hydrates) below the sea floor, International initiatives and contributes to The goal of this EUROCORES Programme the evidence of past extreme and rapid develop the necessary expertise for the is to support the emergence of an climate variations, high resolution climate implementation and management of multi- integrated biodiversity science based perturbations, the establishment of new center, pan-European academic clinical on an understanding of the fundamental models for passive margin evolution trials. ecological and social processes that drive and alpine geology, the understanding www.esf.org/ect biodiversity changes, their impacts on of mechanisms of ocean biogeochemical ecosystem functioning and services, and cycles, and the discovery of large igneous Science of Protein Production for societal responses to these changes. This provinces associated with continental Functional and Structural Analysis should result in new tools and strategies break-up at volcanic margins. EuroMARC (EuroSCOPE) for the conservation, restoration and is an essential enabling tool to boost Shared with LESC sustainable use of biodiversity. European leadership in the planning A better understanding of the function of The Programme focuses strongly on of marine drilling and coring expeditions a protein requires a detailed analysis of its generalisations across particular systems and the execution of European proposals, structure. Such studies (e.g. carried out and on the generation and validation hence ensuring the effective exploitation on crystallized protein) require substantial of theory relevant to experimental and of research opportunities. amounts of high quality protein. The empirical data. Proposals are expected www.esf.org/euromarc difficulties of producing sufficient amounts to contribute to this goal by initiating or of protein for structure-function analysis strengthening major collaborative research Climate Variability and the Carbon as well as for x-ray analysis (crystallization) efforts across Europe and worldwide Cycle – past, present and future constituted thus far a major bottleneck for on understanding biodiversity change; (EuroCLIMATE) proteomics. Although this was and is well understanding impacts of biodiversity The climate for the next century, and recognized by the scientific community, change on ecosystem services; and/or thereafter, is expected to be largely funding for a programme addressing this exploring the interface between biological different from the present and the recent topic systematically has not been available and social systems. past. CO concentration is expected to since the beginning of the post-genomic 2 phase that started proteomics. www.esf.org/eurodiversity reach levels unequalled over the past The EUROCORES programme EuroSCOPE millions of years. Temperature is also rising bridges this gap by bundling resources Challenges of Marine Coring Research rapidly. within Europe to accelerate research (EuroMARC) The last 150 years of meteorological on protein production through scientific Obtaining key cores from the sub-seafloor observations and the reconstruction innovation and collaboration. The is crucial to progress in the earth and over the last millennium display a quite Programme addresses the major stumbling environmental sciences because the uniform climate. Only the reconstruction of blocks in the production of proteins for oceans regulate climate, cover the sites paleoclimates extending much further back functional and structural analysis, with the of fundamental geodynamic, geochemical in time can help build a data base with a focus on the basic understanding of the and biological processes and preserve broader climatic diversity. Such a database mechanisms underlying protein production, high-resolution records of the last 180 Ma will, in addition, offer the possibility to test targeting, folding and stability, which of Earth history. Over the past 30 years, the reliability and robustness of the models eventually may result in the improvement of European researchers have played a used for future climate scenarios and existing and the design of new expression leading role in international marine coring thus to better understand how the climate systems. The detailed subfields of research that has been central to most of the system works. include bottlenecks in gene expression, important advances in global dynamics EuroCLIMATE focuses both on targeting the synthesized protein to a science with far-reaching implications for reconstructing past climates using different specific cellular location, and folding and the earth and environmental sciences. well-dated and calibrated proxy records stability of expressed proteins. They have supported major contributions and on modelling climate and climate www.esf.org/euroscope to important scientific discoveries such variations for a better understanding of

48 ESF Annual Report 2005 1 00 © Terje Thorsnes – Marine geology © Ifremer/Campagne Biozaire 2 –

the underlying physical, chemical and on Earth. As much as 90% of species earth sciences to be trained more in the biological processes involved. collected in a typical abyssal sediment physics-based techniques, where the www.esf.org/euroclimate sample are new to science. EuroDEEP will methods are very different from traditional develop a multidisciplinary programme to earth science. Dynamic Nuclear Architecture and explore and identify the different deep- www.esf.org/eurominsci Chromatin Function (EuroDYNA) sea habitats, assessing both the abiotic The one-dimensional structure of the and biotic processes that sustain and Processes in the Passive Continental genome of a variety of eukaryotes, maintain deep-sea communities in order Margins (EUROMARGINS) including man, has recently been to interpret variations of biodiversity The nations of Europe share one of the elucidated. One of the major challenges within and between deep-sea habitats world’s longest passive margin systems, now is to understand how the genome and the interactions of the biota with the one of the most distinctive morphological functions in terms of orchestration of the ecosystems in which they live. The resulting features of the world’s ocean basins. A expression of the many thousands of genes scientific data are a prerequisite for the remaining frontier for natural resources, it encodes. sustainable use and the development of passive margins mark the complex This EUROCORES Programme intends to management and conservation options transition between continental and tackle the problem of nuclear organisation aiming at the sustainable use of marine oceanic crust, with large sedimentary in relation to the control of gene expression. resources that will benefit society as a accumulations. In addition, passive It will explore the molecular mechanisms whole. continental margins, associated with that underlie the dynamic positioning of www.esf.org/eurodeep unstable slopes, represent a major source transcriptionally active and epigenetically of natural hazards, especially to the coastal communities of Europe. silenced loci in eukaryotic cells. In European Mineral Sciences Initiative The EUROMARGINS Programme provides parallel, it intends to analyse the structure (EuroMinScI) the international framework for promoting and function of nuclear compartments Shared with PESC innovative, interdisciplinary work for the (e.g. nuclear bodies), as well as their In the last ten years there have been imaging, monitoring, reconstruction and interaction with specific genomic loci. In major advances in the use of physics- modelling of the physical, chemical, and addition to modern molecular biological based experimental techniques such as biological processes in the European and biochemical technologies, advanced nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, passive continental margins. It encourages microscopy will be used, ranging from synchrotron radiation, neutron scattering, the development of new technologies electron microscopy to super resolution phonon spectroscopy, laser-ablation based and conceptual models aiming at the light microscopy on living cells. techniques, and so on, to study mineral advancement of integrated research www.esf.org/eurodyna properties and behaviour. Similar advances into the mechanisms responsible for have also been made in atomistic computer continental break-up and the world ocean Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity simulation. At the same time, it has become margin formation. The pooling of human possible to make measurements of many in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) resources, training of a new generation The deep sea is the largest environment on properties of minerals in situ at extreme of interdisciplinary geoscientists, and the planet, the least well known and one conditions of temperature and pressure optimal sharing of observational platforms of the least studied. It contains extremely corresponding to those existing in the or analytical and modelling facilities large, continuous habitats such as the earth’s interior. A recent prominent example are considered important value-added 2 millions of km of abyssal plains and was the experimental and theoretical ingredients of the EUROMARGINS the 65,000 km long mid-oceanic ridge determination of the temperature at the Programme. system. At the same time, it encloses inner core/outer core boundary and of www.esf.org/euromargins relatively small (hundreds of km2 to only the chemistry of the Earth’s core. New a few m2), localised geological features experimental techniques have benefited such as canyons, seamounts, deep-water from the parallel development of computer coral reefs, hydrothermal vents and fluid simulation. seepages on mud volcanoes, pockmarks The EuroMinScI Programme draws together or faults, which support unique microbial the experimental and computational and faunal communities. What little activities, and the different experimental we know about deep-sea ecosystems techniques, into integrated research supports the hypothesis that more species projects. It also addresses the need for occur in the deep sea than anywhere else young researchers from a background in

ESF Annual Report 2005 49 © Stuart Robinson

Humanities (SCH) Consciousness in a Natural evolutionary and palaeo-anthropology, and Cultural Context (CNCC) archaeology, neuro-physiology, cognitive BOREAS: Histories from the North – Until recently, many scientists considered sciences and artificial intelligence studies. Environments, Movements, Narratives consciousness to be an unsuitable topic Comparative maps of genetic and linguistic The circumpolar North is now widely for scientific research. Prompted by human families suggest interesting accepted as a unique early warning system technological developments (including correlations between the distribution of for changing relations between society brain imaging techniques) as well as genetic diversities and of linguistic groups. and the environment. This region, which conceptual changes, this attitude How the development of linguistic skills includes the Arctic and the sub-Arctic, has has shifted, and scientific interest in can be linked to the evolution of the brain moved to the centre of global debates on consciousness has greatly increased during and of its cognitive strategies – both in environmental change, human adaptation, the last decade. Currently, the explanation phylogenetic and ontogenetic perspectives new post-cold-war partnerships and of consciousness is considered by many to – can now be explored by empirical studies issues of post-colonial governance and be one of the major unsolved problems of and modelling tools alike. strategy. However, much Arctic research modern science. The OMLL Programme supports has been dominated by natural science The CNCC Programme aims to meet collaborative research in this area. agendas, looking at the region as a natural this need by fostering top-quality www.esf.org/omll ‘laboratory’. Inhabitants of the Arctic are consciousness research in Europe. Given often seen as natural variables, while their the wide variety of phenomena which understandings of the natural, cultural and fall under the heading of consciousness Social Sciences (SCSS) spiritual processes that have shaped Arctic – perception, emotion, attention, self- civilisations have not been adequately awareness, sensation, intentionality, European Collaborative Research taken into account. dreaming, wakefulness and others Projects (ECRP) I (2005 Call) For political and other reasons, the – progress will depend on the integration of The ECRP Programme is designed to circumpolar region has only recently re- available scientific resources from a variety advance high-quality responsive mode, emerged as “one” area, revealing past of theoretical and empirical disciplines researcher-led, collaborative international connections and current common problems and methods. Empirical data can serve to research within and across all fields of the and pointing to future challenges, such as challenge and validate theoretical analyses, social sciences, offering opportunities to the relationships between communities and while conceptual analysis can provide test innovative ideas, pool multidisciplinary the modern state (whether Soviet, post- directions and tools for the empirical expertise and strengthen European Soviet or Welfare), NGOs and the global scientists. The CNCC Programme aims to research capacity. Funding agencies economy. support the emergence of an integrated of twenty countries have agreed to The involvement of local populations as and truly interdisciplinary science of the Protocol for this Programme, while research partners is very advanced in consciousness, within the humanities and agencies of four other countries have an the North, and BOREAS offers a unique between the humanities and the social, associate status. An annual deadline for opportunity for scholars to explore the natural, and biomedical sciences. The the submission of proposals on 28 April intersections of Southern (or ‘Western’) Programme encourages research that has been agreed. Proposals are submitted ways of knowing the environment and their explicitly addresses the natural and cultural to a single European peer review process, local counterparts. BOREAS can redefine dimension of consciousness. with common criteria and procedures. the geography of knowledge in Northern www.esf.org/cncc Funding decisions are taken subsequently Europe and relate it to circumpolar regions at the national level by the agencies worldwide, by moving beyond South- The Origin of Man, Language concerned. North dichotomies and centre-periphery and Languages (OMLL) The process is coordinated by ESF. models, as well as by crossing disciplinary Language may be considered as one of The ESF web pages include a set of and national boundaries. BOREAS also the defining characteristics of the human Frequently Asked Questions and related invites the research community to reflect species. The development of linguistic documentation on this EUROCORES upon their own approaches to studying the and cognitive skills in the prehistoric past Programme. In addition, a list of eight North. can be studied nowadays with reasonable Collaborative Research Projects awarded www.esf.org/boreas expectations of success thanks to new in the 2005 competition is available. perspectives which have been developed www.esf.org/ecrp through the collaboration of several disciplines, including genetics, linguistics,

50 ESF Annual Report 2005 Research Networking Programmes

For the latest information, please visit www.esf.org/programmes

Often long-term, ESF Research Physical and Engineering theoretical work to establish the validity Networking Programmes (formerly Sciences (PESC) of the analogy. known as Scientific Programmes) www.esf.org/coslab bring together substantive Arrays of Quantum Dots and Electron Induced Processing research projects carried out by Josephson Junctions (AQDJJ) at the Molecular Level (EIPAM) multinational teams of scientists, 2004-2009 2004-2009 and may include workshops, 13 contributing organisations 13 contributing organisations summer schools and fellowship The physics and the properties of materials The ability to understand, manipulate at reduced dimensionality are among schemes. and control physico-chemical processes the main emerging issues of research in The following pages give concise at the molecular level is one of the condensed matter physics. These aspects great challenges of modern research information of the ESF Research are combined in arrays of Josephson and underpins the development of Networking Programmes junctions (JJ), of nanoparticles and of vibrant new technologies of the 21st supported by ESF in 2005. quantum dots, which are the subject of this century, for example the development Programme. Arrays of these systems and of nanolithography. This Programme their hybrid structures may display not only brings European research teams together novel fundamental physics but also serve to perform systematic investigations of as a basis for future technologies. The aim how electron-induced processes may be of this Programme is therefore to establish used to manipulate molecular formation a network to cover these novel areas of and reactions as the transition is made research. In particular, special attention from isolated particle behaviour in a low will be given to novel photonic methods pressure gas to many body interactions in of optical and microwave characterisation the condensed phase. of these arrays which are contactless, www.esf.org/eipam fast, informative and, consequently, most efficient and simple in use. Global and Geometrical Aspects www.esf.org/aqdjj of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations (GLOBAL) Cosmology in the Laboratory 2004-2009 (COSLAB) 10 contributing organisations 2001-2006 The aim of this Programme is to study 13 contributing organisations the global and geometric properties of It is a fundamental principle of physics solutions of nonlinear partial differential that there is a unified system of laws equations (PDEs), from the view point of governing all scales from subatomic theory and applications. Many problems particles to the cosmos. It is believed that in physics, medicine, finance and industry the universe, evolving from an initial hot Big can be described by nonlinear partial Bang, would have undergone a series of differential equation, and their investigation symmetry-breaking phase transitions with has become an independent field with observationally significant consequences many research directions. One of these, such as the formation of topological on which this Programme is based, is the defects. Direct experimental tests of these analysis of geometric and global aspects of ideas are not feasible, but transitions their solutions. described by very similar equations occur www.esf.org/global in experimentally accessible condensed- matter systems at low temperatures. The aim of this Programme is to exploit this analogy through studies of ultra-low- temperature superfluid helium and of other condensed-matter systems, together with

ESF Annual Report 2005 51 © M S Garelli, UK © Science Photo Library

Innovative Control Technologies for technology is considered one of the main This Programme concerns the creation Vibration Sensitive Civil Engineering infrastructures for future applications, today of a very broad and interdisciplinary Structures (CONVIB) there is a lack of appropriate middleware network for the purpose of studying 2001-2005 abstractions that adequately address experimentally and theoretically (by 12 contributing organisations the requirement of such a challenging means of phenomenological models and This Programme focuses on emerging environment. The aim of this Programme supercomputer simulations) the effects of concepts such as semi-active or hybrid is to bring together the main groups from nonlinearity at a mesoscopic level. control of civil engineering and industrial different communities that are working on www.esf.org/natemis structures. In Europe, structural control middleware for mobile environments and to is just moving towards civil engineering foster the definition and implementation of Novel Applications of Josephson applications. From its inception the widely recognised middleware abstractions Junctions in Quantum Digital Circuits European Association for the Control for new and emerging mobile applications. (PiShift) of Structures was established directly www.esf.org/minema 2001-2006 at a European level and not merely as 10 contributing organisations a cooperation of nationally established Nanotribology (NATRIBO) This Programme aims to establish a associations: this explains the impossibility 2002-2007 European platform for groups working of finding in a single country large research 14 contributing organisations on novel applications of Josephson groups specialised in structural control. This Programme aims to improve junctions in quantum digital devices, The main purpose of this Programme is to collaboration between experimentalists and exploiting the remarkable properties of pi- promote the use of experimental facilities theoreticians in the field of tribology on the Josephson junctions. Utilising their unique to study the mitigation of vibration in nanometer scale. Recently, experimental properties, pi-Josephson junctions have civil engineering structures by means of and modelling tools have become available been suggested as central elements for innovative semiactive control technologies. for the study of small (nano) contacts new classes of superconducting devices, www.esf.org/convib under pressure in relative motion. The ranging from digital electronic circuits understanding of friction, adhesion, extending the Rapid Single Flux Quantum Methods of Integrable Systems, fracture and wear on the nanometer scale, architecture, to qubits for quantum Geometry, Applied Mathematics atomic-scale stick slip on solid surfaces, computation. (MISGAM) confinement of liquids between surfaces, www.esf.org/pishift 2004-2009 electrical and mechanical properties of 9 contributing organisations quantum contacts are subjects of this Optimisation of Solid State The main goal of this Programme is to research. Other questions which are being Electrochemical Processes for establish and explore the bridge between addressed by NATRIBO include: dissipation Hydrocarbon Oxidation (OSSEP) the geometry of the theory of integrable mechanism of contacts in relative motion; 2000-2005 systems and its asymptotic aspects; these novel nano-materials for tribology, 10 contributing organisations results will have an impact on physics, tribochemistry, triboluminescence; In the search for new, improved energy applied mathematics and statistics. To and mechanical properties of quantum systems for the 21st century, the emphasis this end, the plan is to investigate the contacts. is on environmentally-friendly, efficient relationships, discovered recently by www.esf.org/natribo means of energy conversion and storage. mathematicians and physicists, between High-temperature fuel cells offer energy integrable differential equations, the Nonlinear Acoustic Techniques conversion efficiencies as high as 70% topology of Deligne-Mumford moduli for Micro-Scale Damage Diagnostics although there are still problems to spaces and singularity theory. (NATEMIS) overcome before the optimum fuel – natural www.esf.org/misgam 2000-2004, extended to August 2005 gas – can be utilised without difficulty. 8 contributing organisations This Programme enables the participants Middleware for Network Eccentric Among the various non-destructive to enhance their investigations of the and Mobile Applications (MINEMA) evaluation (NDE) techniques, acoustic processes involved in the solid state 2003-2008 methods are perhaps the most frequently electrochemical oxidation of hydrocarbons 11 contributing organisations used. Recent advances in modern material and hence to develop new fuel cell During the last decade it has been technology require the development of materials and systems. possible to observe impressive scientific, NDE techniques that quantify micro-scale www.esf.org/ossep technological and experimental advances in damages in a variety of materials, both the area of ad hoc networks. Although this during their production and life cycle.

52 ESF Annual Report 2005 ) ). 2 2 00 00 2 2 79 ( 07 ( 1 © S. Alonso et al., Phys. Rev. E 65, 066 G.© D. Luchinsky, Contemporary Physics 43 (5), 3

Phase Transitions and Fluctuation many outstanding and difficult problems effects of (substrateinduced) strain. In all Phenomena for Random Dynamics in which mathematicians have been trying cases, structural and electronic properties Spatially Extended Systems (RDSES) to solve for decades. Recent progress in depend on deposition method and 2002-2007 solving some of these problems is a major growth conditions which have to be well 15 contributing organisations motivation for joining forces with different understood and sensitively controlled. The Programme is centred on new themes European research groups. Advanced devices and fine tuning of the in mathematical statistical physics. The www.esf.org/spect electronic properties of these materials main goal is to study random dynamics require further research in these areas. in spatially extended systems through Stochastic Dynamics: fundamentals The large amount of parameters and the the application of powerful probabilistic and applications (STOCHDYN) machinery required for fabrication and techniques – fluctuation theory and large 2003-2008 analysis make it impossible for any single deviation theory. Spatially extended 14 contributing organisations group to get a firm grip on these questions, systems consist of a large number of Stochastic tools have successfully been especially since they are strongly components that interact locally but that used both for theoretical modelling of interdisciplinary in nature. may nevertheless exhibit a long-range complex systems and for the analysis of www.esf.org/thiox dependence, resulting in anomalous experimental data. They have proved to fluctuation phenomena and phase be a versatile interdisciplinary approach Towards Atomistic Materials Design transitions. to tackle the nonlinear dynamics as (Psi-k) www.esf.org/rdses encountered in statistical mechanics, 2003-2007 solid-state physics, chemical physics, 21 contributing organisations Quantum Degenerate Dilute Systems nanotechnology, biophysics and climatic This Programme addresses the very rapidly (QUDEDIS) dynamics. The goal of this Programme developing field of computer simulation 2004-2008 is to address the foundations for the of materials, relevant to both science and 14 contributing organisations different levels of stochastic descriptions technological developments. Simulations The Programme builds on the synergy in nonlinear systems, to provide the further are carried out at the atomic level with ab which was achieved in the ESF PESC development of analytical and numerical initio quantum mechanical calculations Programme “BEC2000+ – Bose-Einstein tools, and the investigation of specific that represent the bonding between atoms. Condensation and beyond”. The new problems, as they arise in different areas of New opportunities are being created Programme adopts the current trends and research, described by stochastic nonlinear for novel research on materials across developments of the field, which comprises theories. physics, chemistry, materials science, degenerate Fermi gases, mixtures of www.esf.org/stochdyn nanotechnology and surface science, Bose and Fermi systems, homo and as well as earth sciences and biology, heteronuclear molecular systems and even Thin Films For Novel Oxide Devices with already a small but growing number quantum phase transitions in the strongly (THIOX) of applications to industry. The speed interacting regime. 2003-2008 of advance is such that many current www.esf.org/qudedis 12 contributing organisations applications could not have been made This Programme, positioned at the three years ago and were hardly dreamt of Spectral Theory and Partial intersection between condensed matter five years ago. Differential Equations (SPECT) physics, chemistry, and materials science, www.esf.org/psik 2002-2007 is working on different aspects of thin oxide 15 contributing organisations films and oxide hybrids (combinations of Towards Electronic Democracy: This Programme aims to stimulate the films with different functionalities) with Internet based complex decision theoretical study of spectral properties possible use in devices. The potential of support (TED) of partial differential operators, a these materials is very high, but some of 2002-2006 subject with many practical applications the key factors which control the physics, 11 contributing organisations including problems appearing in solid for instance the doping level and the Coherent analysis and evaluation of state physics, super-conductivity, structure, are also often difficult to control complex decision problems necessarily and problems concerning stability of in films. Moreover, the compatibility of involve the weighing of multiple sources of matter, telecommunications, and others. different oxides in terms of interface uncertainty, highly conflicting objectives, Stimulated by these and other applications, structure and electronic properties is time-evolving and multifaceted preferences, this area of mathematical physics contains a poorly understood issue; as are the and the integration of opinions and desires

ESF Annual Report 2005 53 © Nina Buchmann, ETHZ, CH © Laurent Augustin, CNRS/LGGE

of disparate stakeholder groups. The overall Life, Earth and over which climatic boundary conditions objective of this Programme is to develop and forcing processes have been broadly Bayesian methodologies and computational Environmental Sciences comparable to those prevailing during the tools for the rational, inclusive, analytic (LESC) centuries prior to industrialisation. The support of such decisions. Their second objective is to compare proxy development will do much to enable true Environments and Ecosystem records of past climate change with mechanisms of e-democracy. Dynamics of the Eurasian Neogene the output of climate models in order to www.esf.org/ted (EEDEN) improve model predictability for the future. 2000-2005 www.esf.org/holivar 13 contributing organisations Medical Sciences (EMRC) The geological history of terrestrial Integrated Approaches for Functional ecosystems is an important topic for Genomics both biologists and earth scientists, 2000-2005 Integrated Approaches for Functional touching on such fundamental problems Joint activity with EMRC Genomics as environmental fragmentation versus 23 contributing countries 2000-2005 biodiversity. This Programme investigates Following the exponentially growing amount Joint activity with LESC changes in terrestrial ecosystems during of genomic sequence data from the Human 23 contributing organisations the Neogene, a time interval that witnessed Genome project and other related projects, Following the exponentially growing amount enormous geographical and environmental the challenge is now to unravel gene of genomic sequence data from the Human changes in Europe, yet is close enough functions from DNA sequence information. Genome project and other related projects, in time that we can understand floral and This is the new discipline known as the challenge is now to unravel gene faunal change by reference to present-day “functional genomics”. The technologies functions from DNA sequence information. genera in present-day ecosystems. that are used for this are extremely This is the new discipline known as www.esf.org/eeden diverse and integration and networking “functional genomics”. The technologies between European laboratories, which this that are used for this are extremely European Project for Ice Coring programme aims to foster, are essential diverse and integration and networking in Antarctica (EPICA) for the optimal use of resources. The final between European laboratories, which this 1996-2000, extended to 2006 conference Functional Genomics and programme aims to foster, are essential 9 contributing organisations Diseases was held from 6-10 September for the optimal use of resources. The final EPICA is a multinational European 2005 in Oslo, Norway. conference Functional Genomics and project for deep ice core drilling in www.esf.org/genomics Diseases was held from 6-10 September Antarctica. Its main objective is to obtain 2005 in Oslo, Norway. full documentation of the climatic and Integrating Population Genetics www.esf.org/genomics atmospheric record archived in Antarctic and Conservation Biology: merging ice by drilling and analysing two ice theoretical, experimental and applied cores and comparing these with their approaches (ConGen) counterparts in Greenland. Evaluation 2004-2009 of these records will provide information 15 contributing organisations about the natural climate variability and During the last two decades the role of mechanisms of rapid climatic changes genetics in conservation biology, and during the last glacial epoch. ecology in general, has been greatly www.esf.org/epica emphasised. The assessment of genetic diversity in (endangered) animal and Holocene Climate Variability plant populations, whether natural or (HOLIVAR) captive, wild or domesticated, is now 2001-2006 pervasive. Such a process, and progress, 10 contributing organisations is driven by technical, conceptual and This Programme has two general socio-economical reasons as well. The objectives: to understand climate variability scope of this Programme is to activate within Europe and Africa focusing on inter- a multidisciplinary European network of annual, decadal and centennial variability scientists working on conservation genetics over the last 6,000 years. This is a period from different perspectives and at different

54 ESF Annual Report 2005 © Füsun Ertug˘ © Lamont Poole, NASA Langley Research Center

levels: (i) experimental population genetics, The Role of Soils in the Terrestrial this outstanding scientific community (ii) theoretical and computational population Carbon Balance (RSTCB) which carries out internationally recognised genetics, and (iii) practical conservation 2002-2007 research into the production and emissions genetics of captive and natural populations. 9 contributing organisations of VOCs by plants in the context of global www.esf.org/congen Carbon stored in soils represents the change and ecosystems from a wide range largest terrestrial carbon pool. Knowledge of disciplines. It spans plant processes, Interdisciplinary Tropospheric of the dynamics of this pool is essential if genetics, and ecosystem functioning, Research: from the laboratory we are to understand the terrestrial carbon environmental controls on VOC emission to global change (INTROP) balance as a whole. Without this knowledge fluxes, flux measurements and modelling 2004-2008 we will be severely lacking in our on the leaf, canopy, ecosystem and 21 contributing organisations understanding of the global carbon cycle, regional scales, and the emission of these Climate change and air quality are key and we can have little hope of predicting compounds into the atmosphere. societal challenges. It has become clear what will be the impacts of climate change. www.esf.org/vocbas over the last decade that the development Consequently, this Programme aims to of our societies cannot be uniquely bring together soil carbon researchers wealth-orientated but that a sustainable to create a Europe-wide perspective on development requires an “environmentally the role of soils in the terrestrial carbon Humanities (SCH) friendly” approach. However, such an balance. Early Agricultural Remnants approach is only possible if scientifically www.esf.org/rstcb and Technical Heritage (EARTH) sound knowledge is made available to our 2004-2009 societies. The aim of this Programme is to Stable Isotopes in Biospheric- 17 contributing organisations respond to issues of strategic importance in Atmospheric Exchange (SIBAE) The aim of the EARTH Programme is to European science policy and to strengthen 2002-2007 collaborative research. 11 contributing organisations encourage collaboration and exchange on www.esf.org/introp This Programme aims to study the role the dynamics of non-industrial agriculture. of terrestrial ecosystems in the global The central goal is to understand humans Protein Cross-Linking – the ESF carbon budget. Specifically, it aims to in action, investigating their knowledge, skills, perceptions and experiences, Transglutaminases Programme (PCL) study the CO2 and H2O gas exchange 2000-2005 between terrestrial ecosystems and the seeking patterns and tendencies from 6 contributing organisations atmosphere using stable isotopes. This the Neolithic period to the beginning of This Programme focuses on the involves networking European scientists industrial-scale agriculture. The scientists subject of structures, functions, and from various disciplines ranging from involved come from a wide variety of applications of transglutaminases. This atmospheric physics to micrometeorology disciplines in the humanities, and often use class of enzymes is currently relatively and from plant ecophysiology to methods from the life and earth sciences. unexplored and deserves much greater biogeochemistry. The Programme also aims to produce more attention. In particular, little is known www.esf.org/sibae effective means of interpreting, recording about the three-dimensional structures and communicating, particularly through of transglutaminases, and about their Volatile Organic Compounds in highlighting the importance of the social enzymatic mechanisms and their roles in the Biosphere-Atmosphere System and cultural context in explaining the signal transduction, apoptosis, and blood (VOCBAS) processes of agricultural practice. coagulation. Clearly, a multidisciplinary 2004-2009 www.esf.org/earth approach is needed to better understand 14 contributing organisations this important class of enzymes and to The aim of this Programme is to implement, From Natural Philosophy to Science provide a better basis for utilising its great support and coordinate a series of (NPHS) potential in biotechnological applications. research activities involving atmospheric 2003-2007 Despite the poor current status of our chemists, plant biologists, pathologists, 13 contributing organisations knowledge on transglutaminases, the entomologists, agronomists and foresters, This Programme addresses an important interesting protein-crosslinking activities of to determine how biogenic volatile organic but difficult question, namely, which were these enzymes are already being used in compound (VOC) emissions affect the the factors involved in transforming natural food processing and surgery. relationship between the biosphere and philosophy into physics as we know it www.esf.org/pcl the atmosphere. VOCBAS brings together today? For our understanding of the nature

ESF Annual Report 2005 55 Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Firenze

of modern science, it is essential that Social sciences (SCSS) we know the history of its philosophical beginning. The Programme focuses its European Social Cognition Network research efforts on the period of the (ESCON) formation of European “natural philosophy”, 2003-2008 the cradle of modern scientific thought. 20 contributing organisations The corner dates usually given for this The objective of the Programme is to period are 1200 and 1700. enhance European scientific collaboration www.esf.org/nphs in the field of social cognition by calling upon the expertise and knowledge of active Representations of the Past: European researchers on the frontiers of The Writing of National Histories social cognition, and by helping to lay the in Europe (NHIST) foundations of an advanced European 2003-2008 research training programme in social 23 contributing organisations cognition that gives young scholars the The Programme aims to bring together opportunity to learn about cutting-edge the histories of western and eastern developments that may be unavailable in Europe in a concerted attempt to bridge their local institutions. This enables them to the historiographical divide which was develop scientific networks early on in their cemented by the long cold war division careers. of the continent. Methodologically, the www.esf.org/escon Programme unites cultural transfer and comparative approaches, which are best Quantitative Methods in the Social suited to explore the complex relationship Sciences (QMSS) between national historiographies and 2003-2007 national historical cultures in Europe. 22 contributing organisations www.esf.org/nhist The aims of this Programme are to advance knowledge in the methods of analysing increasingly complex social scientific data; to increase the human capacity to analyse such data; and to engender analysis of the large pan-European data sets and thus to advance comparative quantitative social science. This is achieved through a series of integrated workshops and seminars which train junior social scientists in the latest methods of analysis of social scientific data and provide the opportunity for senior researchers working at the cutting edge of analysis to share their research. www.esf.org/qmss

56 ESF Annual Report 2005 Scientific Networks

ESF Scientific Networks provide Physical and Engineering X-rays but with incoherent radiation. support for coordinating Sciences (PESC) This Network intends to cross-fertilise ideas activities aimed at stimulating both in terms of research applications and technology developments between the and consolidating the European Biomass Fermentation Towards Usage traditional laser and synchrotron radiation scientific community in a specific in Fuel Cells (BFCNet) communities. field. Interdisciplinary in nature, 2002-2005 www.esf.org/fals they normally run for a period of The combination of fuel cell (FC) and three years. biomass fermentation (BF) technologies Research Links to Explore has emerged as a primary candidate No calls for new Networks are and Advance Software Evolution for generating heat and power on a planned. (RELEASE) decentralised basis in a renewable and 2002-2005 The following pages give details environmentally-friendly way. But until The goal of this Network is to facilitate of the currently running Scientific recently, the two technologies have interdisciplinary exchange of ideas and Networks. For detailed information evolved largely independently of each interaction on software evolution in a broad about each Network, please visit other, with the result that the common sense. In general, the focus of interest the relevant noted location on the base of knowledge and skills necessary for will be on the guiding principles of, and ESF website. successful development of fuel cells fed by better tools for, software evolution. The BF does not exist. This Network will focus objective is to suitably link theory-based on such a common base of knowledge and and empirical approaches, to enhance expertise. mutual exchange of ideas and to foster www.esf.org/bfcnet collaborative research amongst the leading European groups on these topics. The Collisions in Atom Traps (CATS) topics will naturally include the use of 2003-2006 mathematical formalisms as a foundation The investigation of low temperature for industrial tools and processes to phenomena has been revolutionised by support software evolution. the development of the techniques for www.esf.org/release cooling and trapping atoms and molecules, providing new opportunities for the Statistical Analysis of Complex Data development of nanoscale instrumentation with Robust and Related Statistical and emerging technologies such as atom Methods (SACD) lasers, quantum computing and quantum 2004-2006 cryptography. However, further progress Joint activity with SCSS requires increased collaboration between In almost any area of scientific research, the previously distinct scientific fields of there is an increasing availability of data. quantum chemistry, condensed matter, and These data sets are not only becoming low temperature plasmas. This Network larger in size, but also in complexity. provides the necessary framework for such Extracting essential features and finding collaboration. structures and relations in datasets can www.esf.org/cats be done with statistical methods. But it has been observed that many classical Future Advanced Light Sources (FALS) statistical techniques are not resistant 2003-2006 in presence of outliers and become The goal of this Network is to facilitate the completely invalid. merging of two existing, large and multi- The aim of this Network is to coordinate the disciplinary research communities, namely increased research being conducted within those based on lasers mainly working in the the robust statistics area in Europe and to infrared/visible regimes and those based foster interdisciplinary collaboration. on synchrotron radiation covering a large www.esf.org/sacd spectral region from the infrared to hard

ESF Annual Report 2005 57 © CERES Science Team, NASA Langley Research Center

Medical Sciences (EMRC) the goal of creating a unified methodology Life, Earth and for brain/language studies across European Environmental Sciences The Meso-telencephalic Dopamine countries and languages. Consortium (DopaNet) www.esf.org/mmsbl (LESC) 2003-2005 Adaptation and Constraints in Avian The aim of this Network is to mobilise Myelin Structure and its Role Reproduction: Integrating Ecology European scientific expertise in molecular in Autoimmunity (MARIE) 2004-2006 and Endocrinology (E-BIRD) and cellular neurobiology in order to Joint activity with LESC 2003-2006 investigate precisely and quantitatively This Network is galvanising European Bird populations are globally threatened all aspects of neurotransmission – at the research into the role of myelin and by accelerated changes in climate and levels of the molecule, the supramolecular its structure in a range of autoimmune habitats often attributed to human activities. assembly, the neuronal cell and the degenerative diseases such as multiple In order to understand and predict how neuronal network – in a specific neuronal sclerosis (MS). Myelin is the multi-layered birds respond to these environmental system, involved in many neuropathologies, membrane rich in lipids (fats) providing the changes, it is essential to study how the such as Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia electrically insulating sheath for axons, environment affects reproduction in wild and drug abuse. whose deterioration causes disease bird populations. The resulting integrated knowledge by disrupting the conduction of nerve The influence of the environment on will not only provide relevant, up-to- impulses. different stages of reproduction, such as date information, methods and tools The Network aims to: promote the interest when and how many eggs are produced, for the diagnosis and treatment of such of biophysicists in structural studies of how offspring are raised, and how pathologies, but will also form a firm myelin proteins and of the peptides involved reproduction ensures contributions to basis on which to link the function of in the antigen presentation, as well as to following generations, can be studied from the neurobiological structures and the have neurologists and neuroimmunologists an ecological and endocrinological point implementation of cognitive and mental participate more directly in structural of view. The aim of this Network is to foster abilities. studies; develop a common language to the necessary exchange of knowledge www.esf.org/dopanet facilitate interaction between experts in and expertise between ecologists and the different fields; promote the training endocrinologists. Multilingual Multidisciplinary Studies of young scientists in different fields and www.esf.org/e-bird on Brain and Language (MMSBL) develop their ability to organise research 2003-2006 projects and carry out experiments with Isotope Analysis by Accelerator Mass Neurolinguistics, the scientific study of various approaches and techniques. Spectrometry in Support of Earth how language is organised at the neuronal www.esf.org/marie and Environmental Sciences (IAAMS) level, has been revolutionised in the last 2004-2006 15 years by the application of emerging Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) neuroimaging techniques. This has facilities in Europe support a wide range of enabled the classical approach of studying environmental research and related studies. brain/language interaction through brain- Such facilities analyse key cosmogenic damaged individuals to be extended to nuclides and provide valuable quantitative “normal” people without any aphasia data for many fields of research, including (loss of communication ability through oceanography, paleoclimatology, damage to the central nervous system). volcanology, surface exposure dating, The new insights and alternative ways tectonic and geomorphological research, of testing and refining cognitive models archaeology, and palaeoceanography. Many provided by modern neuroimaging, have of these facilities also analyse long-lived exacerbated problems of interdisciplinary anthropogenic radionuclides, which can be communication, particularly between the used as environmental process tracers, for neuroimaging and cognitive language example, in pollution pathways. modelling communities. The aim of this Network is to facilitate the The aim of the Network is to bring together use and availability of AMS measurements European experts in these two fields, with by establishing a critical mass of

58 ESF Annual Report 2005 accelerator mass spectrometry facilities and Humanities (SCH) Social Sciences (SCSS) their “feeder” laboratories within Europe, encouraging collaboration and cooperation. Discourses of the Visible: National Identity and Socio-Political www.esf.org/iaams and International Perspectives (DVNIP) Participation (ISPP) 2004-2006 2004-2007 Myelin Structure and its Role The aim of this Network is to explore the This Network is investigating the in Autoimmunity (MARIE) state of the discipline of art history in links between collective identity and 2004-2006 Europe at the beginning of the 21st century. participation in socio-political activity at Joint activity with EMRC Its focus is the diversity of practices within various levels in the contexts of migration, This Network is galvanising European current scholarship, with a particular globalization and in particular of the forces research into the role of myelin and emphasis on the range of national shaping an enlarged Europe. The focus is its structure in a range of autoimmune differences. It approaches the topic by on how people identify themselves within degenerative diseases such as multiple examining both the intellectual traditions multiple scales of social inclusiveness, such sclerosis (MS). Myelin is the multi-layered within the history of European discourses as local, regional, national and European, membrane rich in lipids (fats) providing the on art and also by considering the differing and also within different categories such as electrically insulating sheath for axons, responses within European institutions to ethnic and even socio-economic. whose deterioration causes disease by some of the current conceptual challenges www.esf.org/ispp disrupting the conduction of nerve impulses. to art history. The Network aims to: promote the interest www.esf.org/dvnip Statistical Analysis of Complex Data of biophysicists in structural studies of with Robust and Related Statistical myelin proteins and of the peptides involved Methods (SACD) in the antigen presentation, as well as to 2004-2006 have neurologists and neuroimmunologists Joint activity with PESC participate more directly in structural In almost any area of scientific research, studies; develop a common language to there is an increasing availability of data. facilitate interaction between experts in These data sets are not only becoming the different fields; promote the training larger in size, but also in complexity. of young scientists in different fields and Extracting essential features and finding develop their ability to organise research structures and relations in datasets can projects and carry out experiments with be done with statistical methods. But it various approaches and techniques. has been observed that many classical www.esf.org/marie statistical techniques are not resistant in presence of outliers and become Sedimentary Source-to-Sink Fluxes completely invalid. in Cold Environments (SEDIFLUX) The aim of this Network is to coordinate the 2004-2006 increased research being conducted within Changes in climate have a major the robust statistics area in Europe and to impact on the Earth’s surface systems, foster interdisciplinary collaboration. especially in high-latitude and high- www.esf.org/sacd altitude environments, affecting processes involved in sediment transfer. Yet until now quantitative analysis of sediment transfers have largely been confined to other climatic zones, so a properly integrated study of source-to-sink sediment fluxes in cold environments is overdue. The aim of this Network is to perform the quantitative analysis of sediment transfers in cold environments that has been lacking so far. www.esf.org/sediflux

ESF Annual Report 2005 59 ESF Research Conferences

The European Science 16 conferences and 1 winter school have • Membrane Dynamics in Endocytosis, Foundation (ESF) is developing taken place in 2005, in Europe and Japan, M.S. Robinson (Cambridge), a new high-level Conference attracting more than 1 600 participants from Sant Feliu de Guixols, Spain, 17-22 September Scheme, principally through 46 different countries: • Polar Regions and Quaternary Climate: the establishment of long-term • Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, S. Tarucha (Tokyo) & M. Plenio EuroConference toward an Integrative partnerships between the ESF (London), Kanagawa, Japan, 12-18 March View of Climate in Antarctica and national and international • Biomedicine within the Limits and Circum-Antarctic Regions, organisations, including of Human Existence: Biomedical J. Chappellaz (Saint Martin d’Hères), universities. Technology and Practice Acquafredda di Maratea (near Naples), Reconsidered, M. Düwell (Utrecht), Italy, 24-29 September The new Scheme is known as Doorn, Netherlands, 8-13 April • Brain Development and Cognition in Human Infants: From Action to ESF Research Conferences. Topics are • Molecular Bioenergetics of Cognition, C. Von Hofsten (Uppsala), at the forefront of scientific research Cyanobacteria: EuroConference Acquafredda di Maratea (near Naples), and interdisciplinary when appropriate. on Genomics, Proteomics Italy, 1-6 October The Scheme provides the opportunity for and Structure for Functional • Three-Dimensional Sensory and Motor the world’s leading scientists and other Understanding, H.C. Matthijs Space: Probabilistic Mechanisms participants, including young researchers, (Amsterdam), Sant Feliu of Learning and Development in to meet informally for discussions at de Guixols, Spain, 21-26 May Sensorimotor Systems, D. Wolpert the highest level on the most recent • Molecular Crystal Engineering: (London), Sant Feliu de Guixols, Spain, developments in their fields of research. EuroConference on Evaluations and It acts as a catalyst for creating new 8-13 October Predictions of Solid State Materials synergistic contacts throughout Europe • Supramolecular Chemistry: Molecular Properties, K.T. Rissanen (Jyväskylä), and the rest of the world. Architectures and Systems, Helsinki, Finland, 17-22 June Conferences may be single events, or M.W. Hosseini (Strasbourg), Obernai • Biological Surfaces and Interfaces: a series, usually with a biennial meeting (near Strasbourg), France, 14-19 October EuroConference on Biomaterials, focussing on specific aspects of the same • Probing the Molecular Basis of Biosensors and Analytical Techniques, general topic. They will normally last for four Protein Function through Chemistry: B. Kasemo (Göteborg), Sant Feliu or five days and up to 150 participants and Scope of Chemical Protein Synthesis, de Guixols, Spain, 18-23 June invited speakers may attend. The Chairs, M. Engelhard (Dortmund), Sant Feliu de • NMR in Molecular Biology: who are leading scientists in their fields, Guixols, Spain, 29 October-3 November EuroConference on Structural will select participants from applications • Comparative Genomics of Eukaryotic Genomics: Structure, Dynamics received as a result of publicising the Microorganisms: Eukaryotic Genome Conferences. and Interactions of Biomolecules, Evolution, Approaches with Yeasts and A multi-lateral agreement has also been A. Graslund (Stockholm), Höör, Sweden, Fungi, J.-L. Souciet (Strasbourg), established under the umbrella of the 20-25 August Sant Feliu de Guixols, Spain, ESF Research Conferences Scheme, • Fundamental Problems of Mesoscopic 12-17 November involving the co-sponsorship of a series Physics: Entanglement and Coherence • String Theory: Symmetries and of advanced scientific training Summer in Nanoelectronics, R. Fazio (Pisa), Dynamics, D. Gross (Santa Barbara) and Winter Schools in High Energy Physics, Acquafredda di Maratea (near Naples), & E. Rabinovici (Jerusalem), Jerusalem, Astrophysics and Astronomy. Italy, 3-8 September 28 December-6 January • Bose-Einstein Condensation: EuroConference on Ultracold Gases and their Applications, G. Shlyapnikov (Orsay), Sant Feliu de Guixols, Spain, 10-15 September • Geometric Representation and Invariant Theory: Algebraic Quantization and Deformations, F. Van Oystaeyen (Antwerp), Spa, Belgium, 16-21 September

60 ESF Annual Report 2005 © Royalty-Free/Corbis

ESF Annual Report 2005 61 ESF Publications in 2005

The ESF disseminates information about its activities through a variety of channels, including a wide range of publications. Listed here is a selection of publications resulting from ESF activity in 2005.

Up-to-date information on the Foundation’s activities is also available at its web site: www.esf.org

Corporate Publications

Fostering international cooperation between scientists in Europe: the role of Research Councils NWO-ESF Conference, Amsterdam, -5 November 00 pp. ISBN -909-7-. ESF, About the ESF 2005 Strasbourg, France, 60 pp. ESF, Strasbourg, France, February 005 May 005

ESF Policy Briefi ng No 23: Nanomedicine ESF Annual Report 2004 6 pp. ESF, Strasbourg, France, 6 pp. ISBN -909-50-. ESF, February 005 Strasbourg, France, August 005

ESF Policy Briefi ng No 25: ESF Policy Briefi ng No 24: Systems Biology: Research on Infectious A Grand Challenge Diseases for Europe pp. ESF, Strasbourg, France, 6 pp. ESF, Strasbourg, France, March 005 October 005

6 ESF Annual Report 2005 Marine Science

Nanomedicine Modelling in Coastal An ESF–European Medical and Shelf Seas – Research Councils (EMRC) European Challenges Forward Look report Marine Board Position Paper 7 8 pp. ISBN -909-5-0. pp. ISBN -909-9-0. ESF, Strasbourg, France, ESF, Strasbourg, France, November 005 June 005

Life, Earth and Environmental Sciences Space Sciences

ESF Research Networking Programme

Behavioural Ecology Scientifi c Perspectives of Insect Parasitoids: for ESA’s Future Programme from theoretical approaches in Life and Physical sciences to fi eld applications (BEPAR) in Space An ESF research networking ESSC-ESF Recommendations programme 88 pp. ISBN -909-5-. 8 pp. ESF, Strasbourg, France, ESF, Strasbourg, France, September 005 September 005

ESF Annual Report 2005 6 ESF Publications in 2005

Physical and Engineering Sciences

ESF Research Networking Programmes

Middleware for Network Eccentric and Mobile Quantum Degenerate Applications (MINEMA) Dilute Systems (QUDEDIS) An ESF research networking An ESF research networking programme programme 8 pp. ESF, Strasbourg, France, 6 pp. ESF, Strasbourg, France, February 005 October 005

Arrays of Quantum Dots Thin Films for Novel Oxide and Josephson Junctions Devices (THIOX) (AQDJJ) An ESF research networking An ESF research networking programme programme 8 pp. ESF, Strasbourg, France, 8 pp. ESF, Strasbourg, France, June 005 October 005

EUROCORES Programmes

Self-Organised NanoStructures (SONS) Towards Atomistic Materials SONS News Design (Psi-k) The newsletter of the EUROCORES An ESF research networking Programme in Self-Organised programme NanoStructures 8 pp. ESF, Strasbourg, France, No . 8 pp. ESF Strasbourg, France, September 005 September 005

6 ESF Annual Report 2005 Social Sciences

Expert Committees

Committee on Radio ESF Research Networking Astronomy Frequencies Programmes (CRAF) CRAF News 11 European Social Cognition The newsletter of the ESF Expert Network (ESCON) Committee on Radio Astronomy An ESF research networking Frequencies programme No . 6 pp. ESF Strasbourg, 6 pp. ESF, Strasbourg, France, France, January 005 January 005

Changing Media – Changing Europe Audiences and Publics: When Cultural Engagement CRAF News 12 Matters for the Public The newsletter of the ESF Expert Sphere Committee on Radio Astronomy Edited by S Linvingstone Frequencies pp. ISBN -850-9-8. No . 6 pp. ESF Strasbourg, Published by Intellect Books, France, July 005 USA, 005

CRAF Handbook – Social Sciences in Europe 3rd edition Edited by J Cohen, T Spoelstra, An ESF Standing Committee for R Ambrosini and W van Driel. the Social Sciences (SCSS) report 70 pp. ISBN -909-8-0. pp. ISBN -909-6-6 ESF, Strasbourg, France, ESF, Strasbourg, France, May 005 February 005

ESF Annual Report 2005 65 ESF Publications in 2005

Humanities

New Perspectives in the ESF Research Networking Enhancement of European Programmes Scientifi c Heritage From Private to Public Early Agricultural Remnants Natural Collections and Technical Heritage and Museums (EARTH) Edited by M Beretta An ESF research networking 5 pp. ISBN 0-885-60-. programme Published by Science History 8 pp. ESF, Strasbourg, France, Publications, Watson Publishing February 005 International, USA, 005

The Convergence and Changing Media – Divergence of Dialects Changing Europe in a Changing Europe Audiences and Publics: Dialect Change When Cultural Engagement Convergence and Divergence Matters for the Public in European Languages Sphere Edited by P Auer, F Hinskens Edited by S Linvingstone and P Kerswill pp. ISBN -850-9-8. 6 pp. ISBN 0-5-80687-9. Published by Intellect Books, Published by Cambridge University USA, 005 Press, United Kingdom, 005

66 ESF Annual Report 2005 Individual and Society in the Mediterranean Muslim World (ISMM) Shattering Tradition Custum, Law and the Constituting Modernity Individual in the Muslim Private Property in Mediterranean the East and West Edited by W Dostal and W Kraus Edited by H Islamoglu 8 pp. ISBN -850-6-7. 6 pp. ISBN -8606-996-. Published by I.B. Tauris, London, Published by I.B. Tauris, London, United Kingdom, 005 United Kingdom, 00

Crafts and Craftsmen of the Middle East Fashioning the Individual Standing Trial in the Muslim Mediterranean Law and the Person Edited by S Faroqhi and in the Modern Middle East R Deguilhem Edited by B Dupret 80 pp. ISBN -8606-700-6. 8 pp. ISBN -8606-997-. Published by I.B. Tauris, London, Published by I.B. Tauris, London, United Kingdom, 005 United Kingdom, 00

ESF Annual Report 2005 67 Human Resources

Human capital is an essential Table 1, below, illustrates overall evolution component for the delivery of staff in the equivalent of FTE during of ESF’s Mission and Strategy. 2005. It mainly reflects the development of EUROCORES coordinators and the A certain number of actions were already necessary strengthening of the COST started in 2005 and will be reinforced in the office. The main increase has been in coming years. Main achievements include the number of scientific staff and staff specific training for managers and their providing administrative support to staff to develop a professional management science. General administration show a culture and the implementation of a very reasonable evolution due to efficiency performance based remuneration system. measures such as no paper between the With the recruitment of a Head of Human COST office in Brussels and ESF office in Resources, further actions will be initiated Strasbourg and the implementation of full based on a dedicated Human Resources electronic payments. Strategic Plan. These will mainly consist of upgrading job responsibilities, enhancing This evolution is in line with the principles profiles of competences to support indicated in the ESF Strategic Plan. strategic priorities, developing people accordingly and improving recruitment processes in order to attract talented employees throughout Europe.

68 ESF Annual Report 2005 Evolution of Staff per Category and per Source of Funding

2 004 2 005 FTE 2006 FTE FTE Evolution FTE Revised Actual Actual 2005-2004 Budget

Science & science management 29,1 41,7 12,6 44,2 General Budget 11,8 14,0 2,2 13,7 Other Sources 17,3 27,7 10,4 30,5

Administrative support for science 43,1 46,2 3,1 54,4 General Budget 21,0 21,0 0,0 23,1 Other Sources 22,1 25,2 3,1 31,3

General administration: 23,8 28,4 4,6 29,0 General Budget 18,1 19,0 0,9 21,9 Other Sources 5,7 9,4 3,7 7,1

Total ESF Staff (full time equivalents) 96,0 116,3 20,3 127,6 General Budget 50,9 54,0 3,1 58,7 Other Sources 45,1 62,3 17,2 68,9

2004 2005 2006 2010

Total Science 75% Total Science 76% Total Science 77% Total Science 78%

30% 36% 35% 37%

45% 40% 42% 41% 25% 24% 23% 22%

Science Admin. Support for Science General Admin.

ESF Annual Report 2005 69 Finance

In order to provide the latest changes that included the development of Department and the Regional Council of available information on ESF new responsibilities and science activities, the Alsace Region and was completed Finances, the 2005 accounts are 2005 can be seen as a transition year where at the very end of the year. Related ESF has consolidated its positions. The acquisitions explain the increase in fixed published in this Report. level of funds managed by the organisation assets disclosed in table 2. Liabilities The accounts have been had significantly increased from around include, as a matter of caution, provisions presented to and discussed by 17 Mio€ in 2003 to around 39 Mio€ in for contingencies built in the management the Finance and Audit Committee 2004. It has further developed by 5% in accounts to face possible risks attached to at its March 2006 meeting and 2005, resulting in a total amount of around the running of external contracts. by the Governing Council in April 41 Mio€ as described in the Consolidated 2006, and will be presented to Income and Expenditure Statement The following tables are enclosed to (Table 1). provide a consolidated overview of all funds the Assembly in November 2006. ESF management accounts globally end managed by ESF in 2005: Any modification requested will the year with a consolidated surplus of Management Accounts: be clearly identified in next year’s 11 K€. The statutory accounts show a Table 1: Income and Expenditure Statement Report. consolidated excess of income of 1 635 K€ Table 2: Balance Sheet at year end, which is reconciled to the 11 K€ Statutory Accounts: ESF and its activities are mainly funded in Table 5. Table 3: Income and Expenditure Statement by contributions from ESF Member The development of income mainly relates Table 4: Balance Sheet Organisations and grants from the to activities within the General Budget, Table 5: Reconciliation of the balance of the European Commission. The General Budget the EUROCORES support contract and year between Management and Statutory is used to finance the running of the office implementation of ERA-Nets. At the Accounts. This table explains differences and general infrastructure (employment and same time the funding of ESF Research between the Management Accounts (which running expenses) and core activities that Networking Programmes has decreased, take into account some business situations are essential for the proper implementation corresponding to a lower number of active not necessarily reflected in statutory terms) of the ESF mission (meetings of the programmes, which is expected to increase and the Statutory Accounts, which follow Standing Committees, Forward Looks, again in 2006. International Accounting Standards. various workshops – especially Exploratory The evolution in expenditure is in line with Other information Workshops –, scientific networks, the objectives defined in the strategy and Table 6: Scale of Contributions science policy initiatives, quality control, the necessary means to manage new communication and governance). All ESF responsibilities attached to EC contracts. Member Organisations contribute to the General Budget expenditure in science General Budget according to a scale of activities includes the developments in contributions set out according to the foresight activities (Forward Looks and Statute and outlined in Table 6. Other Exploratory Workshops) and quality activities are funded à la carte, by those assurance (evaluation of instruments). Member Organisations interested in At the same time employment costs and participating. These are the ESF Research running expenses of the General Budget Networking Programmes and ESF Expert have been kept at their expected level. Committees and Boards. The ESF also runs The evolution of expenditure in other special budgets involving partnerships, budget components is coherent with the such as the ESF Research Conferences. efforts in the coordination of EUROCORES, In addition, the European Commission EURYI and ERA-Nets. provides funding to ESF for the The ESF Consolidated Balance Sheet management of COST activities, (Table 2) gives an instant picture of the which accounts for almost half of total patrimonial situation of the organisation expenditure in 2005, for the support of at the end of the year. The significant EUROCORES, the coordination of the restructuring of the ESF main building EURYI scheme and the participation in started in 2004 with grants provided by the several ERA-Net programmes. City of Strasbourg, the Urban Community Whereas 2004 was a year of substantial of Strasbourg, the General Council of the

70 ESF Annual Report 2005 Table 1. Management Accounts: 2005 Consolidated Income and Expenditure Statement (in k€)

Expenditure 2004 2005 2005 Net Income 2004 2005 Balance General Budget 10 272 11 607 6 General Budget 10 285 11 613 Expenditure 7 883 9 025 Internal Income 6 926 7 072 Science, Science Policy and Strategy 2 8 9 Contributions from Member Organisations 6 180 6 335 Employment costs 4 27 647 Additional contributions Running expenses, equipment & maintenance 80 059 ESF administrative overhead 45 62 ESF management provisions for Financial earnings of the year 208 88 1 350 1 821 contingencies linked to external contracts Use of provisions 87 66 Residual costs from external contracts 1 039 761 External Funding 3 359 4 541

Account for Closed Programmes 924 1 073 5 Account for Closed Programmes 935 1 078 Expenditure 85 83 Transfer from Closed Programmes 6 0 Allocation to dedicated funds 839 990 Reversal of dedicated funds 292 838 Bank interest 1

ESF Research Networking Programmes 4 937 3 986 ESF Research Networking Programmes 4 937 3 986 Expenditure 4 937 986 Contributions to ESF Research 4 937 986 Networking Programmes

À La Carte Expert Committees 965 782 À La Carte Expert Committees 965 782 Expenditure 965 782 Contributions to À La Carte Expert Committees 965 782

ESF Research Conferences 1 402 1 491 ESF Research Conferences 1 402 1 491 Expenditure 1 40 91 Reimbursement of costs from participants 544 European Union grants 610 83 Sponsoring and miscellaneous income 15 81 Contributions from General Budget 226 83

COST Contract 18 634 18 733 COST Contract 18 634 18 733 Direct incurred expenditure 14 06 6 606 EC contribution 22 19 821 Depreciation of fixed assets 62 87 Bank interest 196 82 Accrued expenses 4 508 040 Other contributions 130 Overhead on direct expenditure -3 886 -4 170

EUROCORES Support Contract 1 340 2 130 EUROCORES Support Contract 1 340 2 130 Direct expenditure 1 340 0 EC contribution 1 6 66 Bank interest 28 Overhead on direct expenditure -318 -367

EURYI Support Contract 299 479 EURYI Support Contract 299 479 Direct expenditure 299 79 EC contribution 347 68 Bank interest 5 Overhead on direct expenditure -52 -4

ERA-Net Contracts – 487 ERA-Net Contracts – 487 Direct expenditure 0 87 EC contribution 0 87

Total Expenditure 38 773 40 768 11 Total Income 38 798 40 779

ESF Annual Report 2005 71 Table 2. Management Accounts: 2005 Consolidated Balance Sheet (in k€)

Assets 2004 2005 Liabilities 2004 2005

Fixed Assets 762 1 650 Working Capital 693 707 Capital endowment Receivables 2 351 2 412 Other reserves 469 83

Reserve on Account for Closed Programmes 601 612

Grants Received for Building Works 845 850

Dedicated Funds 1 130 1 275

Networks 96 ESF Research Conferences 69 69 Publications 287 Exploratory Workshops 150 84 ESF-COST Synergy – 50 Interdisciplinary New Initiatives Fund and other scientific activities 40 642

Provisions 1 751 3 540 Contingencies linked to external contracts 50 71 Related to personnel liabilities 40 69

Payables 7 329 6 509

Cash Positions 17 965 18 142 Received in Advance and Committed 8 704 8 700 Securities 11 447 7 121 Cash at banks 6 518 021 Final Balance 25 11

Total Assets 21 078 22 204 Total Liabilities 21 078 22 204

72 ESF Annual Report 2005 Table 3. Statutory Accounts: 2005 Income and Expenditure Statement (in €)

2005 Income and Expenditure 31/12/05 31/12/04

Operating Revenues Contributions 38 262 943,34 37 557 702,83 Use of provisions 67 227,40 158 599,62 Total Operating Revenues 38 330 170,74 37 716 302,45

Operating Expenses Purchases 385 342,49 448 343,58 External charges 26 905 595,99 26 814 036,76 Taxes 637 435,30 428 978,69 Salaries 5 993 224,43 4 976 945,58 Social contributions 2 531 113,61 2 135 931,93 Depreciation of fixed assets 198 634,96 157 212,78 Provisions 67 751,00 182 387,14 Other charges 139 645,53 132 293,63 Total Operating Expenses 36 858 743,31 35 276 130,09

Operating contribution Total Operating Contribution 1 471 427,43 2 440 172,36

Financial Contribution Financial income 316 601,99 436 325,27 Financial expenses 1 994,78 4 138,45 Total Financial Contribution 314 607,21 432 186,82

Exceptional Contribution Exceptional income 0,00 30 925,15 Exceptional expenses 5 217,25 927,67 Total Exceptional Contribution -5 217,25 29 997,48

Intermediate Balance 1 780 817,39 2 902 356,66

Reversal of dedicated funds 1 129 894,29 292 480,18 Allocation to dedicated funds 1 275 282,80 888 058,31

Balance of the Year 1 635 428,88 2 306 778,53

ESF Annual Report 2005 73 Table 4. Statutory Accounts: 2005 Balance Sheet (in €)

Assets 31/12/05 31/12/04 Liabilities 31/12/05 31/12/04 Gross Depr Net Net Intangible Assets Working Capital Softwares 12 061,85 60,67 601,18 8 168,59 Capital endowment 909,8 909,81 Balance brought Tangible Assets forward 553 213,50 553 213,50 Buildings 967 628,56 0 000,00 947 628,56 6 955,26 Current year Furniture and balance 1 635 428,88 06 778,53 office equipment 966 116, 71 939,26 694 176,95 610 174,91 Accumulated balances

Fixed Assets from previous years 056,51 -84 722,02 Financial Assets Reserve on account Guarantee deposits 7 330,00 7 330,00 6 798,68 Association Funds for Closed Programmes 601 486,44 601 486,44 Investment subsidies 850 100,00 844 882,75

Total I 2 953 136,62 1 303 399,93 1 649 736,69 762 097,44 Total I 6 086 195,14 4 445 549,01

Advance Payments 60 696,48 60 696,48 62 045,07 Provisions for Contingencies Receivables and Charges 368 900,00 00 621,40 Provisions Customers and related accounts 6 185,10 53 444,74 982 740,36 741 084,82 Other receivables 0 296,83 0 296,83 653 529,96 Dedicated Funds 75 282,80 9 894,29 Securities 17 120 557,59 7 120 557,59 6 912,55

Current Assets Cash at Bank 021 581,23 021 581,23 6 518 232,83 Dedicated Funds Total II 1 644 182,80 1 530 515,69

Prepayments 028 344,78 028 344,78 894 002,29 Suppliers and Related Accounts 1 559 190,98 907 812,68 Social and Tax Liabilities 1 728 765,06 67 589,67 Other Payables 88,87 5 254 696,47 Payables Received in Advance and Committed 7 964 331,11 7 771 741,44

Total II 20 707 662,01 153 444,74 20 554 217,27 20 315 807,52 Total III 14 473 576,02 15 101 840,26 General total (I+II) 23 660 798,63 1 456 844,67 22 203 953,96 21 077 904,96 General Total (I+II+III) 22 203 953,96 21 077 904,96

74 ESF Annual Report 2005 Table 5. Reconciliation of balance of the year between Statutory and Management Accounts (in k€)

Final Balance - Statutory Accounts 1 635 Provisions built in the Management accounts for contingencies attached to external contracts -1 821 Variation of anticipated overhead on accrued expenditure not yet reported for EC contracts (statutory requirement) 97

Final Balance - Management Accounts 11

Table 6. Scale of Contributions

2 005 2006

Austria 2,16 ,16 Belgium 2,55 ,53 Bulgaria 0,29 0,30 Croatia 0, 0,32 Cyprus 0,20 0,20 Czech Republic 0,76 0,84 Denmark 2, ,10 Estonia 0, 0,22 Finland 1, ,42 France 14,30 ,40 Germany 19,85 9,71 Greece 1,39 ,45 Hungary 0,7 0,76 Iceland 0,18 0,18 Ireland 1,40 ,45 Italy 11,65 ,62 Lithuania 0, 0,24 Luxembourg 0, 0,31 Netherlands 4,18 ,18 Norway 1,95 ,92 Poland 1,9 ,89 Portugal 1,36 ,36 Romania 0,5 0,54 Slovakia 0, 0,34 Slovenia 0,36 0,36 Spain 6, 6,81 Sweden 2,69 ,63 Switzerland 2,7 ,74 Turkey 1,9 ,84 United Kingdom 15,67 5,19 Total 100,00% 100,00%

ESF Annual Report 2005 75 Picture captions

Page 35 Page 45 Page 53 (Left) Field of human red blood cells. (Left) Lithium atoms hoovering over an atom chip, (Left) Spiral wave under spatio-temporal fluctuations Individual disk-shaped red blood cells appear cooled to be loaded into a microtrap. in a two-dimensional excitable medium. Values of the colorless when viewed under a microscope. activator field (cold colours corresponding to higher (Right) Al-Qur’an, 17 × 12.4 cm, 1796, The pink tint on the left of the image is due to clotting National Library of the Czech Republic. values of the concentration) are superposed on the of several layers of red blood cells. value of the external stochastic background. (Right) Earth from Space. Page 47 (Right) The figure shows the origin of singularities (Left) High-resolution STM image of a molecular in the pattern of optimal fluctuational paths for a Page 36 assembly on a Cu(100) surface (Group Prof. generic non-equilibrium system (a periodically driven (Left) Aggregation: Typical growth process – ruled Kern, MPI-FKF Stuttgart). Project FUN-SMARTS, double-well Duffing oscillator). The Langrangian by stochastic dynamics, characterized by fractal coordinated by Dr. M. Ruben (Research Centre manifold (middle sheet) acquires a fold, leading to dimensions and fingering structures. Karlsruhe). intersecting action surfaces (upper sheet). The most probable paths are those of least action which, th (Right) Hajj Abu Al-Hassan chart, mid 16 century. (Right) Mouse embryonic stem cells with stained projected down onto the coordinate plane (bottom) Topkapi Sarayi Müzesi Kütüphanesi, Istanbul. nuclei. lead to a pattern of optimal paths with two caustics emanating from a cusp point. Physically meaningful Page 37 Page 48 paths cannot cross the switching line defined by the Neighbours talking to each other. (Left) Structure of the human protein interferon a-2a. intersection of the action surfaces. (Right) A fluorescently stained image of a cultured Page 38 epithelial showing the nucleus (yellow) and actin (red). Page 54 (Left) Commissioned in October 1990, the multi- (Left) Ice core from the EPICA deep drilling purpose Research Vessel L’Atalante is dedicated Page 49 (–3264.75 m) at Dome C. to research in marine geosciences, oceanography (Left) 2500 m depth: bathypterois tripod fish. (Right) Mature trees with fungus as a case study of and marine biology. The picture shows an in vivo stable isotopes in biospheric-atmospheric exchange. observation. (Right) Passive continental margins are ocean- continental boundary regions where tectonic activity (Right) Deep Ocean Drilling in the Central Arctic is subsiding. Page 55 during the ACEX project. (Left) Polar stratospheric clouds lit from below near Page 50 Kiruna, Sweden. Page 39 (Left) Cuneiform tablet from Tell Beydar, Jezirah (Right) Mother and daughter carrying karaavlik (Left) The Horsehead located in the constellation (c. 2415 BC). (Chondrilla juncea L.) in Nig˘de, central Turkey, 1999. Orion. (Right) A traditional sing-sing being performed This is normally used as animal fodder, but is also (Right) The 76-m diameter Lovell Telescope at Jodrell in Togarao, Bougainville, Papau New Guinea. edible when tender. Crops, wild plants and livestock Bank Observatory, UK, came into operation in 1957 are all integral parts of the agricultural and social and has operated continuously since then, 24 hours Page 52 system. per day, apart from stoppages for maintenance, (Left) Two Buckyballs. A Buckyball is a C-60 fullerene painting, repairs, and two major upgrades to the molecule, containing an encased atom. The encased Page 56 primary reflecting surface. atom behaves as a qubit. Therefore this is an array of (Left) Galileo Galilei’s Notes on Motion, two quantum dots. Such arrays are easily scalable to Manuscript 72, Folio 116v kept in the Biblioteca Page 40 any number of Buckyballs. Nazionale Centrale in Florence. Artists interpretation of Atoms. (Right) A computer simulation of gravitational waves emitted by a disturbed black hole. In this frame, the Page 58 Page 42 black hole is beginning to return to an equilibrium NASA’s latest Earth Observing System satellite— (Left) Antibody based microbubble conjugates as state. The colour and height of each point represent Aqua—is dedicated to advancing our understanding targeted in vivo ultrasound contrast agents and aspects of the gravitational wave fields; the black line of Earth’s water cycle. Launched on May 4, 2002, advanced drug delivery systems. near the centre is the apparent surface of the black Aqua has successfully completed its checkout period hole. and is fully operational. Using multiple instruments, Page 43 Aqua data and images are crucial toward improving (Left) Moore’s law: “integrated circuit density our knowledge of global climate change. doubles every 18 months (or 2 years)”. The technological limit lies at the bottom of the Page 59 nanometre scale expected to be reached within (Left) Auguste Rodin, Le Penseur, musée Rodin, 10 years (Silicon-based technologies). Paris. (Right) Aerial view of Paris. (Right) Demonstrators in Paris.

76 ESF Annual Report 2005 Cover photos (left-right, up-down): © Royalty-Free/Corbis Ocean colour satellite data showing freshwater in! ow in the western Baltic Sea from the Oder River. © Ifremer © Getty Images/Vincent Hazat Ice ! ow in Antarctica. © IPEV/Ruche © Getty Images/Jose Luis Pelaez Inc Eye pigment cell. Coloured scanning electron micrograph of a melanocyte cell with granules of pigment in the light-sensitive retina of the eye. © Steve Gschmeissner/Science Photo Library/Cosmos © Royalty-Free/Corbis

The Horsehead located in the constellation Orion. Graphic design: Dans les villes | Strasbourg © Ray Gralak Printer: IREG | Strasbourg | June 2006 © Getty Images/Adam Gault ISBN 2-912049-54-7 Annual report 2005 • European Science Foundation Science • European 2005 report Annual Annual Report 2005 June 2006000 – Print run: 8

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