Sumac Medicine (Rhus Spp., Anacardiaceae)
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100% Natural Birch Tree Chaga Mushrooms
2/28/2018 100% NATURAL BIRCH TREE CHAGA MUSHROOMS Grown in the Pristine Forests of Northern Canada 100% NATURAL BIRCH TREE CHAGA MUSHROOMS GROWN IN THE PRISTINE FORESTS OF NORTHERN CANADA Chaga is a highly nutritious mushroom that grows on birch trees in below freezing temperatures. Semintha Chaga grows at -40°C in a primeval organic environment clear of any nuclear waste, contaminants or other toxins making Semintha chaga mushrooms safe for chronic consumption and highly effective. Chaga is the dense black mass (25-40 cm large) that can be seen on the outside of birch trees. It is a dense sterile mass of mycelia, with decayed bits of birch tissue incorporated. They are quite rare and difficult to harvest. When chopped from the tree the interior has a rusty yellow-brown color, somewhat granular in appearance, and is often mottled with whitish or cream-colored veins. The hard, deeply cracked black outside of the Chaga is called the sclerotium. Mature Chaga sclerotia are found on trees over 40 years of age. The estimated time period between the times of infection of the tree by the fungus to the maturity of the chaga mushroom is around 20 years. The chaga can be harvested five years post maturity. After harvesting, chaga can regrow to harvestable size again in three to ten years, and this can be repeated until the tree dies. SUPPLEMENT FACTS Serving size 3gr Total Fat 0.03g Total Carb 2.25g Cholesterol 0mg Protein 12g Sodium 0.42mg Calcium 1.44mg Magnesium 1.4mg Manganese 0.21mg Potassium 51mg Sodium 0.011mg Phosphorus 9,96mg Iron 0,07mg Beta Glucan 0,75g Zinc 0,12mg 1 OF 14 BENEFICIAL HEALTH PROPERTIES OF CHAGA MUSHROOMS Chaga Mushrooms are adaptogens, high in polysaccharides, alkalines, phytonutrients, organic acids, calcium, zinc, magnesium, chromium and other important minerals and microelements. -
Winged Sumac T
32Southern SOIL 32 Coppice of winged sumac T. Davis Snydor, Ohio State University a growing food movement Native Plant Highlight: Winged Sumac Rhus copallinum by Amy Carter, Coastal Plains Chapter, Georgia Native Plant Society Description Rhus copallinum or winged sumac is a deciduous upright shrub that can be a colorful addition to your landscape. Other common names include shining su- mac, flameleaf sumac, dwarf sumac, wing-rib sumac, black sumac, and upland sumac. Winged Sumac gets its name from the winged stalk between leaflets. Unlike poison sumac (Toxicodendron vernix), for which it is often mistaken, it is not a skin irritant. A member of the cashew family, this sumac is considered a large shrub or small tree usually growing to about 10 feet although it can reach heights of 20 to 35 feet or more in good soils. It has a small, short trunk with open branching. The shiny green leaves of winged sumac are pinnately compound, 33 alternate and spiral up stems. Leaflet mar- gins are usually entire (or serrate), elliptic to lanceolate in shape, 3-8 cm long, and 1-3 cm wide. Leaves turn a shiny bright red in the fall. Unlike other sumacs winged sumac Leaf with winged rachis Vern Wilkins, Indiana University has a watery sap. Male and female flowers usually occur on separate trees so both are necessary for fertile seed produc- tion. Flowers occur in showy greenish-white clusters during summer months. Fruits occur in a panicle and are small and covered with fine hairs. They occur in red to reddish brown pyramidal clusters on the female tree and persist on the plants through the winter into spring. -
Lindheimer Chapter
Native Plant Society of Texas Lindheimer Chapter Plant of the Month November, 2011 Prairie Flameleaf Sumac, Rhus lanceolata Flower Fruit USDA Range Map: Texas Prairie Flameleaf Sumac – Fall Color Prairie Flameleaf Sumac is named for (and known for) its brilliant red and orange fall foliage. A large shrub or small tree, growing 20 to 30 feet tall, it is a great ornamental that has some of the best fall color in Central Texas. Besides its great fall color, it also has large plumes of white flowers in summer, followed by clusters of red fruit in the fall. The fruit are an important food source for many species of birds and small mammals. If you can collect the fruit before the animals get to it, it makes a high Vitamin C drink that has a lemony flavor. Prairie Flameleaf Sumac is found in Central and West Texas in rocky limestone hillsides and grasslands. In our area it is frequently seen along roadsides. As is obvious from the locations where it is found, this is a tough plant that can withstand heat, drought and cold. Although it can sucker and form thickets, it is not as aggressive as several East Texas Sumac cousins (Shining Sumac, R. copallina, also called Flameleaf Sumac, and Smooth Sumac, R. glabra). It is available in nurseries that specialize in native plants. Protect it from deer when first planted and give it supplemental water for the first year or two, until it is well established. After that it is drought tolerant. Text by John Siemssen. Photos by Sally and Andy Wasowski and Joseph A. -
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Plant Polyphenols
biomedicines Editorial Special Issue: Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Plant Polyphenols Enrico Sangiovanni and Mario Dell’Agli * Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +3902-5031-8398 Received: 5 March 2020; Accepted: 13 March 2020; Published: 18 March 2020 1. Introduction Inflammation is considered the first physiological response of the human body to infection or injury, playing a critical role in both innate and adaptive immunity. It is characterized by the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged or tumoral cells, or irritants. Uncontrolled inflammation often results in chronic diseases, such as gastritis, arthritis, autoimmune disorders, degenerative joint diseases, rheumatisms, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and certain cancers. The inflammatory process is characterized by the migration of immune cells from blood vessels to the site of inflammation, with massive release of pro-inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and oxidative agents such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) above all. The search for new strategies which are able to interfere with these mechanisms by preventing a prolonged inflammation would greatly benefit large number of subjects. In this respect, the plant kingdom has developed a multitude of secondary metabolites, many of which are recognized as useful tools -
Weed Risk Assessment for Pistacia Chinensis Bunge (Anacardiaceae)
Weed Risk Assessment for Pistacia United States chinensis Bunge (Anacardiaceae) – Department of Agriculture Chinese pistache Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service November 27, 2012 Version 1 Pistacia chinensis (source: D. Boufford, efloras.com) Agency Contact: Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory Center for Plant Health Science and Technology Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300 Raleigh, NC 27606 Weed Risk Assessment for Pistacia chinensis Introduction Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) regulates noxious weeds under the authority of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. § 7701-7786, 2000) and the Federal Seed Act (7 U.S.C. § 1581-1610, 1939). A noxious weed is defined as “any plant or plant product that can directly or indirectly injure or cause damage to crops (including nursery stock or plant products), livestock, poultry, or other interests of agriculture, irrigation, navigation, the natural resources of the United States, the public health, or the environment” (7 U.S.C. § 7701-7786, 2000). We use weed risk assessment (WRA)—specifically, the PPQ WRA model (Koop et al., 2012)—to evaluate the risk potential of plants, including those newly detected in the United States, those proposed for import, and those emerging as weeds elsewhere in the world. Because the PPQ WRA model is geographically and climatically neutral, it can be used to evaluate the baseline invasive/weed potential of any plant species for the entire United States or for any area within it. As part of this analysis, we use a stochastic simulation to evaluate how much the uncertainty associated with the analysis affects the model outcomes. -
Native Nebraska Woody Plants
THE NEBRASKA STATEWIDE ARBORETUM PRESENTS NATIVE NEBRASKA WOODY PLANTS Trees (Genus/Species – Common Name) 62. Atriplex canescens - four-wing saltbrush 1. Acer glabrum - Rocky Mountain maple 63. Atriplex nuttallii - moundscale 2. Acer negundo - boxelder maple 64. Ceanothus americanus - New Jersey tea 3. Acer saccharinum - silver maple 65. Ceanothus herbaceous - inland ceanothus 4. Aesculus glabra - Ohio buckeye 66. Cephalanthus occidentalis - buttonbush 5. Asimina triloba - pawpaw 67. Cercocarpus montanus - mountain mahogany 6. Betula occidentalis - water birch 68. Chrysothamnus nauseosus - rabbitbrush 7. Betula papyrifera - paper birch 69. Chrysothamnus parryi - parry rabbitbrush 8. Carya cordiformis - bitternut hickory 70. Cornus amomum - silky (pale) dogwood 9. Carya ovata - shagbark hickory 71. Cornus drummondii - roughleaf dogwood 10. Celtis occidentalis - hackberry 72. Cornus racemosa - gray dogwood 11. Cercis canadensis - eastern redbud 73. Cornus sericea - red-stem (redosier) dogwood 12. Crataegus mollis - downy hawthorn 74. Corylus americana - American hazelnut 13. Crataegus succulenta - succulent hawthorn 75. Euonymus atropurpureus - eastern wahoo 14. Fraxinus americana - white ash 76. Juniperus communis - common juniper 15. Fraxinus pennsylvanica - green ash 77. Juniperus horizontalis - creeping juniper 16. Gleditsia triacanthos - honeylocust 78. Mahonia repens - creeping mahonia 17. Gymnocladus dioicus - Kentucky coffeetree 79. Physocarpus opulifolius - ninebark 18. Juglans nigra - black walnut 80. Prunus besseyi - western sandcherry 19. Juniperus scopulorum - Rocky Mountain juniper 81. Rhamnus lanceolata - lanceleaf buckthorn 20. Juniperus virginiana - eastern redcedar 82. Rhus aromatica - fragrant sumac 21. Malus ioensis - wild crabapple 83. Rhus copallina - flameleaf (shining) sumac 22. Morus rubra - red mulberry 84. Rhus glabra - smooth sumac 23. Ostrya virginiana - hophornbeam (ironwood) 85. Rhus trilobata - skunkbush sumac 24. Pinus flexilis - limber pine 86. Ribes americanum - wild black currant 25. -
The Wood Cross Sections of Hermann Nördlinger (1818–1897)
IAWA Journal, Vol. 29 (4), 2008: 439–457 THE WOOD CROSS SECTIONS OF HERMANN NÖRDLINGER (1818–1897) Ben Bubner Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF) e.V., Institut für Landschaftsstoffdynamik, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany [E-mail: [email protected]] SUMMARY Hermann Nördlinger (1818–1897), forestry professor in Hohenheim, Germany, published a series of wood cross sections in the years 1852 to 1888 that are introduced here to the modern wood anatomist. The sec- tions, which vary from 50 to 100 μm in thickness, are mounted on sheets of paper and their quality is high enough to observe microscopic details. Their technical perfection is as remarkable as the mode of distribution: sections of 100 wood species were presented in a box together with a booklet containing wood anatomical descriptions. These boxes were dis- tributed as books by the publisher Cotta, from Stuttgart, Germany, with a maximum circulation of 500 per volume. Eleven volumes comprise 1100 wood species from all over the world. These include not only conifers and broadleaved trees but also shrubs, ferns and palms representing a wide variety of woody structures. Excerpts of this collection were also pub- lished in Russian, English and French. Today, volumes of Nördlingerʼs cross sections are found in libraries throughout Europe and the United States. Thus, they are relatively easily accessible to wood anatomists who are interested in historic wood sections. A checklist with the content of each volume is appended. Key words: Cross section, wood collection, wood anatomy, history. INTRODUCTION Wood scientists who want to distinguish wood species anatomically rely on thin sec- tions mounted on glass slides and descriptions in books that are illustrated with micro- photographs. -
![Vascular Plants of Williamson County Rhus Aromatica − SKUNKBRUSH, FRAGRANT SUMAC [Anacardiaceae]](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/8595/vascular-plants-of-williamson-county-rhus-aromatica-skunkbrush-fragrant-sumac-anacardiaceae-408595.webp)
Vascular Plants of Williamson County Rhus Aromatica − SKUNKBRUSH, FRAGRANT SUMAC [Anacardiaceae]
Vascular Plants of Williamson County Rhus aromatica − SKUNKBRUSH, FRAGRANT SUMAC [Anacardiaceae] Rhus aromatica Aiton (includes varieties), SKUNKBRUSH, FRAGRANT SUMAC. Shrub, winter-deciduous, clump-forming, with long shoots and short lateral and spur shoots, 50– 200 cm tall; shoots short-tomentose, strongly aromatic like wintergreen (Gaultheria) when cut or crushed (having resin ducts with terpenes); bark tight, light gray, ± smooth. Stems: cylindric, when young typically < 4 mm diameter, limber, reddish, puberulent on young periderm, knobby at nodes from persistent, short-projecting bases of old petioles (1 mm); containing colorless resin from ducts in stem. Leaves: helically alternate, 3-foliolate, typically 30–50 mm long, petiolate with the 3 leaflets subsessile to sessile arising at same point, without stipules; petiole 5−15 mm long; blades of leaflets ovate to obovate or fan- shaped to rhombic, 5−28 × 5−26 mm, terminal leaflet > lateral leaflets, rounded or obtuse (lateral leaflets) to tapered (terminal leaflets) at base, shallowly to deeply 3-lobed and short-crenate, pinnately veined with principal veins slightly raised on lower surface. Inflorescence: panicle of racemes, on spur shoots clustered at tips of winter stems, panicle to 60 mm long, racemes to 10, 10−15 mm long, each raceme ± 20-flowered, flowers helically arranged and tightly clustered, buds formed in midsummer and flowering starting before leaves, bracteate, densely short-tomentose with brown hairs; peduncle to 5 mm long; bract subtending each branch deltate-broadly awl-shaped and cupped, 1−2 mm long, brownish red, stiff, short-tomentose especially below midpoint, persistent; axes stiff, short-hairy; bractlets subtending pedicel 2, partially hidden by and ⊥ to bract, ovate, 1 mm long, keeled, puberulent at base and on inner surface; pedicel 1−2 mm long increasing in fruit, greenish, sparsely hairy or glabrous. -
Family Scientific Name Life Form Anacardiaceae Spondias Tuberosa
Supplementary Materials: Figure S1 Performance of the gap-filling algorithm on the daily Gcc time-series of the woody cerrado site. The algorithm created, based on an Auto-regressive moving average model (ARMA) fitting over the Gcc time-series, consists of three steps: first, the optimal order of the ARMA model is chosen based on physical principles; secondly, data segments before and after a given gap are fitted using an ARMA model of the order selected in the first step; and next, the gap is interpolated using a weighted function of a forward and a backward prediction based on the models of the selected data segments. The second and third steps are repeated for each gap contained in the entire time series. Table S1 List of plant species identified in the field that appeared in the images retrieved from the digital camera at the caatinga site. Family Scientific name Life form Anacardiaceae Spondias tuberosa Arruda Shrub|Tree Anacardiaceae Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão Tree Anacardiaceae Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. Tree Apocynaceae Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart. & Zucc. Tree Bignoniaceae Handroanthus spongiosus (Rizzini) S.Grose Tree Burseraceae Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) J.B.Gillett Shrub|Tree Cactaceae Pilosocereus Byles & Rowley NA Euphorbiaceae Sapium argutum (Müll.Arg.) Huber Shrub|Tree Euphorbiaceae Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong Shrub|Tree Euphorbiaceae Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl Shrub|Tree Euphorbiaceae Manihot pseudoglaziovii Pax & K.Hoffm. NA Euphorbiaceae Croton conduplicatus Kunth Shrub|Sub-Shrub Fabaceae Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir. Shrub|Tree|Sub-Shrub Fabaceae Poincianella microphylla (Mart. ex G.Don) L.P.Queiroz Shrub|Tree Fabaceae Senegalia piauhiensis (Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger Shrub|Tree Fabaceae Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L.P.Queiroz NA Malvaceae Pseudobombax simplicifolium A.Robyns Tree Table S2 List of plant species identified in the field that appeared in the images taken at the cerrado shrubland. -
Thehortreport
THE HORT REPORT NEWSLETTER OF THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF MARYLAND, INC. | MAY 2017 CAPITAL GARDENS: Dedicated Gardeners & Creative Spaces in Annapolis ive splendid gardens of Annapolis—ranging from cottage gardens to a Zen retreat—will be on display FSunday, June 4, on the Horticultural Society of Maryland’s annual tour. The tour, from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., will happen rain or shine. HSM members are admitted free with a current membership card. Non-member tickets cost $35 if purchased by June 3, either online (www.mdhorticulture.org) or at these locations: Kingsdene Nurseries, Monkton, The Perennial Farm, Glen Arm, Green Fields Nursery, Baltimore, Clark’s Ace Hardware, Ellicott City, and Graul’s Markets in Annapolis, Cape St. Claire, Ruxton, Mays Chapel and Hereford. On the day of the tour, non-member tickets will cost $40 and will be available at the first garden, 356 Broadview Lane, Annapolis 21401. Detailed descriptions of the gardens are available in the tour booklet that accompanies this newsletter. photos: Ann Betten Coming hSm Events HSM Honor Roll TomaTo LecTure/Hands-on WorksHop We thank the following volunteers (members as well as non-members) SATURDAY, MAY 6, 2017 who have supported the Society’s programs in recent months. 1:30 p.m. to 4 p.m. Cylburn Arboretum Greenhouse Classroom For the PPA/HSM Winter Seminar: Janet Draper, Mary Jo Sherrod, Craig LeHoullier, author of Epic Tomatoes. coordinators; Sally Barker, Helene Clapperton, Catherine Cook, Jennifer Members $25, Non-members $35. Forrence, Crystal Patterson and Paula Simon For the Plant Forum: Nancy Blois, Paula Campos, Helene Clapperton, annuaL Garden Tour Catherine Cook, Jennifer Forrence, Michael O’Rourke, Nancy Raskin, Mary SUNDAY, JUNE 4, 2017 Jo Sherrod, Lenel Srochi-Meyerhoff, Donna Watts and Bill Yonkers; and 10 a.m. -
Native Oak Chapparal Species Plant Lists
NATIVE OAK CHAPPARAL SPECIES PLANT LISTS Scientific Name Common Name Plant Type Height Bloom Period Picture Achillea millefolium Common yarrow Forb, PF 8-6” Summer (butterflies, bees), DF, DR Bromus carinatus Lemon’s Grass 7.5-32” Spring needlegrass Amelanchier alnifolia Western Shrub, PF 5-20’ Mid Spring serviceberry (butterflies, bees), DT Arbutus menziesii Pacific madrone Evergreen 15-100’ Spring Tree, PF (butterflies, moths, hummingbir ds), DT Balsamorhiza sagittata Arrowleaf Forb, PF 8-36” Mid-Late balsamroot Spring Bromus carinatus California Grass 1-5’ Spring brome Bromus laevipes Chinook brome Grass 5’ Spring - Summer Resource Factsheets: Plants 1 NATIVE OAK CHAPPARAL SPECIES Castilleja varieties Indian paintbrush Forb, PF 2’ Spring - Summer Ceanothus cuneatus Buckbrush Shrub, PF 3-12’ Late spring Ceanothus integerrimus Deerbrush Shrub, PF 3-13’ Spring-Summer (bees) Cercocarpus Mountain Shrub 8-20’ Winter, Spring mahogany Collomia grandiflora Grand collomia Forb, PF 18” Mid Spring – Mid Summer Corylus cornuta California Shrub 3-50’ Spring-Fall hazelnut Dichelostemma Blue dicks Forb, PF 6-27” Early Summer capitatum Elymus glaucus Blue wildrye Grass 1-5’ Summer Eschscholzia californica California poppy Forb, PF, 6-16” Spring-Summer DT Resource Factsheets: Plants 2 NATIVE OAK CHAPPARAL SPECIES Festuca californica California fescue Grass, DT 1-4’ Spring, Winter Festuca occidentalis Western fescue Grass, DT 3-4’ Spring Garrya fremontii Bearbrush Shrub, PF, 9-13’ DT Iris chrysophylla Yellowleaf iris Forb, PF 2-8” Late Spring (butterflies, -
Schinus Terebinthifolius Anacardiaceae Raddi
Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi Anacardiaceae LOCAL NAMES English (Bahamian holly,Florida holly,christmasberry tree,broadleaf pepper tree,Brazilian pepper tree); French (poivrier du Bresil,faux poivrier); German (Brasilianischer Pfefferbaum); Spanish (pimienta de Brasil,copal) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION S. terebinthifolius is a small tree, 3-10 m tall (ocassionally up to 15 m) and 10-30 cm diameter (occasionally up to 60 cm). S. terebinthifolius may be multi-stemmed with arching, not drooping branches. Tree; taken at: Los Angeles County Arboretum - Arcadia, CA and The National Leaves pinnate, up to 40 cm long, with 2-8 pairs of elliptic to lanceolate Arboretum - Washington, DC (W. Mark and leaflets and an additional leaflet at the end. Leaflets glabrous, 1.5-7.5 cm J. Reimer) long and 7-32 mm wide, the terminal leaflet larger than lateral ones. Leaf margins entire to serrated and glabrous. Flowers white, in large, terminal panicles. Petals oblong to ovate, 1.2-2.5 mm long. Fruits globose, bright red drupes, 4-5 mm in diameter. This is a highly invasive species that has proved to be a serious weed in South Africa, Florida and Hawaii. It is also noted as invasive in other Bark; taken at: Los Angeles County Caribbean and Indian Ocean islands. Rapid growth rate, wide Arboretum - Arcadia, CA and The National environmental tolerance, prolific seed production, a high germination rate, Arboretum - Washington, DC (W. Mark and seedling tolerance of shade, attraction of biotic dispersal agents, possible J. Reimer) allelopathy and the ability to form dense thickets all contribute to this species' success in its exotic range.