Uttarakhand STATE PLANNING COMMISSION GOVHINMENTOFIJITARAKHANI) Jiunk
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(For official use only) DRAFT Sffl ;o ID' i VOLUME-II (Sectoral Programmes) Govt, of Uttarakhand STATE PLANNING COMMISSION GOVHINMENTOFIJITARAKHANI) JiUNK. m i Goyernment of India PLANNING COMMISSION LIBRARY CLASS N O .. BOOK NO. CONTENTS Planning Commission srifc, ft j7yiS2... \ VOLUME > II Acc. No., SECTORAL PROGRAMMES l i b r a r y Chapter Page A"Economic Services 1. Agriculture and Allied sectors 1.1 Crop Husbandry 1.1.1 Agriculture 1-21 1.1.2 Horticulture 22-42 1.1.3 Sericulture 42-47 1.1.4 Cane development 48-53 1.2 Soil and Water Conservation 1.2.1 Integrated watershed management 53-59 1.3 Animal Husbandry 59-63 1.4 Dairy Development 63-72 1.5 Fisheries 72-81 1.6 Forestry and Wildlife 81-86 1.7 Agricultural Research 86-91 1.8 Co-operative 91-97 2. Rural Development and Panchayati Raj 97-110 3. Irrigation and Flood Control 110-116 4. Energy 116-121 5. Industry, Minerals and Information Technology 122-152 6. Transports and Communication 152-162 tt Chapter 7. Science and Technology 162-164 8. General Economic Services 8.1 Planning Commission 164-166 8.2 Bhagirathi River Valley Development Authority 166-167 8.3 Economics and Statistics 167-169 8.4 Tourism ^ ^ ^ ^ 8.5 Food and Civil Supplies 182-183 B- Social Services 9. Education , 9.1.1 Basic Education 183-185 9.1.2 Secondary Education 185-197 9.2 Higher Educations 197-208 9.3 Technical Education 208-217 10. Sports, Youth welfare, Art and Culture 217-230 11. Medical, Health and Family Welfare 231-248 12. Water Supplies and Sanitation 248-263 13. Urban Development 263-272 14. Information and Publicity 272-274 15. Social Welfare and Social Security 274-291 16. W o m e n Empowerment and Child Development 291-296 17. Labour and Employment 296-306 C- General Services 306-308 SECTORAL PROGRAMMES 1 AGRICULTURE & ALUED SERVICES 1.1 CROP HUSBANDRY 1.11 AGRICULTURE Introduction Out of the total population of 84.89 lakh (census 2001)in the State , 74% live in villages where agriculture is the mainstay of the economy. About 52% of main workers and 76% of marginal workers are engaged in agriculture. However, the contribution of this sector to Gross State Domestic Product is around 30 percent only that too is largely concentrated in the three plain districts of Udham Singh Nagar, Haridwar and Dehradun. Number of cultivators is 15.70 lakh and of agricultural laborer is 2.60 lakh. It means that 22% of total population is actually engaged in farming. The agriculture sector accounts for 29.9% share in State GDP (at current prices). Even though a relatively small area is under cultivation, the agriculture sector has a great importance for the State. 1. Agro Climatic Regions and Sub Regions The total geographical at area of Uttarakhand has been divided into following four Physiographic zones Zone Regions & Area Agricultural diversity Zone A Tropical Zone: Plains, Tarai, Paddy, Wheat, Sugarcane, Maize, (up to 1000m) Shivalik hills, valleys Mango, Litchi, Pulses, Oilseeds, Soybean etc. Zone B Sub-tropical Zone: Largely un Paddy, Wheat, Mandua, Pulses (1000-1500 m.) irrigated area Zone C Cool Temperate Zone, mid JGiarif crops. Horticulture, (1500 to 2400m) Himalayas Floriculture, Medicinal and aromatic 1 plants Zone D Sub-Alpine, Alpine Zone Pastures, rare herbs, pine etc. (> 2400 m.) Mostly covered with snow 2. Land Use Pattern Uttarakhand consisting of 13 districts is spread over plains, terrain, sub mountainous and alpine zones. So far as reported area is concerned, it is larger in size than many States such as Punjab. Jammu and Kashmir, Haryana, Kerala, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Manipur, Tripura and Meghalaya. Out of 56.72 lakh ha reported area, the largest part (61%) is covered by forests. The vegetation of Uttarakhand has been sustaining heterogeneity which is evident in the diversity of life forms as well as a sound environment. It is predominantly composed of forest communities with frequent interruption of scrub jungles and alpine meadows. Only 7.59 lakh ha. is under agriculture, which constitutes only 13.37% of the total reported area. The cropping intensity in Uttarakhand is 159.68%, which is much higher than in India i.e. 129%. The cultivable area is under considerable stress. During the last five years about 15 thousand ha of agriculture land has been diverted to other use so this is a matter of serious concern. 3. Major Crops Grown Uttarakhand grows a variety of crops because of its agro climatic diversity. The diverse agro climatic condition of the State gives it competitive edge over other States in production of off-season vegetables that fetch high value in the market. The challenge before the state is to identify crops suitable for each zone depending on the agro climatic conditions so as to have a focused approach for development of agriculture in the state. Farmers follow agricultural practices based on whether the land is rain-fed or irrigated. Cereals (wheat and paddy) are emphasized in irrigated agriculture and at least two crops are taken in a year. However in the rain-fed areas millets, pulses and tuber crops are grown along with cereals and other oilseeds. Mono-cropping is common in irrigated areas while mixed cropping is practiced in rain-fed areas. The latter helps in maintaining crop diversity and reduces the risk of environmental uncertainty. Rice, Maize, Mandua, Sawan, Soybean, Urd are the main kharif crops and Wheat, Barley, lentils the major rabi crops. Area under principal crops is given in the following Table. Year 2004-05 Kharif crops Area in % of net Rabi crops Area in ha % of net 000 ha sown area sown area Paddy 299 39.45 Wheat 394 51.98 Mandua 148 19.53 Barley 24 3.17 Sawan . 72 9.5G Rabi pulses 22 2.90 Maize 30 3.96 Rabi Oilseeds 17 2.24 Kharif Pulses 23 3.03 Kharif Oilseeds 24 3.17 4. Operational Holdings Since most of the area is under forests and wastelands only a small part of land (about 13.37%) is available for cultivation of the cultivated area, about 50% of the landholdings are sub marginal and 21% are between 0.5-1 ha. Thus we find that about 70 percent of land holdings are less than 1 ha in size and cover about 27 percent of the area under cultivation. Another 26 percent of land holdings are between 1 to 4 ha in size covering about 51 percent of the total cultivated area. Slightly more than 3 percent of land holdings are over 4 ha in size and cover about 22 percent of the total cultivated area. As a large proportion of holdings fall in the small and marginal categories, economies of scale cannot be availed of, and so the input cost per unit of output is high. 5. Crop Productien Scenario The pattern of crops in Uttarakhand reflects a declining trend in the acreage of conventional crops like barley and increase in non-traditional crops like soybean and vegetables. Farmers are gradually shifting from low value crops to high value crops. The decline in the area under traditional crops have been relatively higher in the Kharif season as compared to Rabi season, a the farmers are putting a sizeable land area under the production of off-season vegetables. The land under production of traditional Kharif crops has declined by 10 percent as against 8 percent for Rabi crops. Plains and hill agriculture stand in stark contrast to each other. While productivity in plains can be compared with agriculturally developed regions of the country, productivity in hill lags far behind. The following table illustrates this dichotomy. Plains Agriculture Hill Agriculture Characterized by commercial farming Characterized by subsistence farming Mono cropping is common Mixed cropping is prevalent Consolidated holdings Scattered and fragmented holdings Percentage of irrigation 87.89 Percentage of irrigated area 10.87 Seed replacement rate 15-20% Seed replacement rate 3-4% ProductivitY qtl/ha of major crops Rice - 27.49 Rice -12.36 Wheat 30.45 W heat-13.20 Ragi-13.83 Sawan- 13.18 ---------- _ , :--------------:—r-n— ■' ' r .... strategies for hills. Our slogan for hill agriculture is “From subsistence to sustainability “which calls for adoption of farming systems approach, emphasis on raising farm incomes, use of Low External Input Sustainable Agriculture (LEISA) methods and multiple pronged extension and marketing interventions. Trend of production and productivity under principal crops during Tenth Plan is as follows Name of Crop 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Provisional Anticipated Rice Area 282 288 299 293 Production 483 549 550 564 Productivity 17.07 19.03 18.39 19.24 Maize Area 35 50 30 32 Production 38 72 44 44 Productivity 10.86 14.53 14.88 13.54 Mandua Area 156 136 167 140 Production 154 174 190 174 Productivity 9.86 12.82 14.97 12.44 Sawan Area 73 85 71 73 Production 69 104 90 87 Productivity 9.49 12.25 12.67 11.85 Wheat Area 411 397 394 401 Production 762 745 793 644 Productivity 18.54 18.77 20.16 16.05 Barley Area 29 32 24. 25 Production 36 34 33 18 Productivity 12.29 10.73 13.98 6.91 Total Cereals Area 993 994 993 975 Production 1560 1700 1724 1557 Productivity 15.71 17.10 17.36 15.97 Total Pulses Area 51 42 45 62 Production 34 28 27 35 Productivity 6.65 6.65 6.06 5.73 Total food grain Aifea 1044 1037 1038 1037 Production 1594 1728 1751 1593 Productivity 15.26 16.67 16.87 15.36 Total Oilseeds Area 29 37 41 35 Production 20 35 38 29 Productivity 6.96 9.34 9.31 8.49 (Kharif crops during 2002-03 and rabi crops during 2005-06 were affected by the drought) 6.