District Climate Resilience Plan of Jhansi

April, 2019

An initiative of CAN South Asia and EFICOR in co-operation with Directorate of Environment, Government of Uttar Pradesh and District Administration of Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh EFICOR 308, Mahatta Tower, B 54 Community Centre, Janakpuri, New Delhi - 110058, India email: [email protected] Website: www.eficor.org

Layout and Design by EFICOR Printed by Bosco Society for Printing and Graphic Training JHANSI

Jhansi District Vulnerability to Climate Change (L) and Adaptive Capacity Index (R)1

The two maps indicate the high vulnerability of Jhansi district to Climate Change and its relatively very low capacity to adapt to the changes and impacts

1 For index methodology, refer http://www.iegindia.org/upload/publication/Workpap/wp337.pdf Message from Director of Environment, GoU.P.

FOREWORD

(i) (ii) FOREWORD

(iii) Acknowledgement & Reflection

Its apt to recognise this contribution as compiling of information from secondary and primary sources, in an attempt to bring development and climate perspectives on the same page informed by local context of the district.

In this endeavour, I would like to recognize the support of Department of Environment, Government of Uttar Pradesh and administration of Jhansi district. Their endorsement to this initiative is key to making the effort worthy of everyone’s engagement. I also acknowledge the mentoring provided by Project Advisory Committee comprising-

1. Prof Vinod Sharma & Dr Shyamli Singh, Indian Institute of Public Administration, Delhi 2. Dr AA Khan, former OSD, Department of Environment, GoU.P., Lucknow 3. Avanish Kumar, Professor, Management Development Institute (iv) (MDI), Gurgaon 4. Dr Bhanu Mall, Secretary, PGVS Lucknow 5. Zeenat Niazi, Vice-President, Development Alternatives, Delhi 6. Ramesh Babu & Lambard Regulus, EFICOR, Delhi 7. Sanjay Vashist, CAN South Asia

Jhansi is particularly prone to heat waves, both floods and scarcity of water, and disease outbreak leading to associated issues that get triggered. The other risk is from heavy rainfall in short period of time that puts stress on dams, thus, making regular desiltation an important maintenance activity. Building climate resilience requires inter-departmental convergence of planning for disasters and maintenance of critical infrastructure that must be functioning at all times.

There is no local specialized climate change adaptation and R&D institution that is researching on projected climate impacts with empirical evidence at the district level to be able to provide advisory to district administration. A few institutions such as Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute of ICAR at Jhansi and Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidhyalaya would need expansion of mandate, disciplines, faculty, laboratories and other infrastructure. New institutions of education, R&D to address local issues using local resources, healthcare, economy, innovation for enterprise et al are essential for long-term sustainable development of a region – so their quality of work, management team, and service delivery needs to be of optimum level to meet the needs of the local stakeholders.

The work of research and educational institutions needs to be linked to efforts and plans of other local stakeholders such as District Planning Committee (DPC), health, agriculture and water departments, media, etc. They should be the first choice in commissioning research and analysis for the district in the areas of district level priorities. The district administration can provide support to them in the form of cost effective land in proximity to their stakeholders such as skilled training institutions to hire talent, necessary infrastructure and budget support.

Additionally, climate impacts also have implications for methodologies to build infrastructure including materials, structural designs, inter-sectoral linkages, contingency plans, et al. The latest research on new designs, materials as well as retrofitting existing infrastructure needs to be commissioned in the (v) district along with training of concerned departments. The District Disaster Management Plan (DDMP) should be developed and updated at all times including in scope the disasters due to climate risks relevant to Jhansi.

Rural Agriculture Extension Officers (RAEO) and Technical Support Group (TSG) at Gram Panchayat level are proven examples of existing mechanisms that can be utilized to communicate climate impacts and solutions in local context. An important aspect is to ensure inter-departmental coordination, representation and convergence in the communication mechanism.

The key principles of SDGs - leaving no one behind, reaching the farthest first and universal coverage, along with gender equality - are essential for climate resilience. Several Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and Municipalities are in need of assistance to develop their governance capabilities to deliver on SDGs through inclusive local governance with focus on optimum utilisation of available resources.

As Panchayats have representation of Schedule Castes, Schedule Tribes and other backward sections of society, and are institutions closest to the grass¬roots, strengthening Panchayats will promote equity and inclusiveness, along with social justice and economic development of the community, all of which is essential for resilience.

This focus on local governance units needs to be embedded in the design of all capacity building interventions including trainings, training modules and materials. Priority needs to be given to subjects of national importance that affects the excluded groups the most, for example, poverty, primary health services, nutrition, immunization, sanitation, education, water conservation, digital transactions, etc. Increased use of e-governance by PRIs along with adequate human resources and infrastructure will help achieve improved service delivery and transparency.

The schemes such as Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan (RGSA), Mission Antyodaya’s 50,000 Gram Panchayats and Smart City are designed keeping in view programmatic convergence for achievement of SDGs, including SDG #1 – ending poverty in all forms everywhere. The people of the district and essential ecosystem services will benefit from a sincere, diligent, long-term (vi) perspective-based exercise of convergence. This DCRP is a humble attempt to support this exercise.

Yours truly,

Anoop Poonia CAN South Asia

September 12, 2018. Message from CANSA & EFICOR

India accounts for about 17 per cent of the world’s population but only 4 per cent of the world fresh water resources. Distribution of these water resources across the vast expanse of the country is also uneven. Therefore, as incomes rise and the need for water rises, the pressure for efficient use of highly scarce water resources will rise manifold. As per the international norms, a country is classified as Water Stressed and Water Scarce if per capita water availability goes below 1700 m3 and 1000 m3, respectively. With 1544 m3 per capita water availability, India is already a water-stressed country and moving towards becoming water scarce. While the stress on limited water resources in the country is rising, the scarcity is not reflected in use of water. India uses 2-4 times water to produce one unit of major food crops as compared to other major agricultural countries like China, Brazil, USA (Hoekstra and Chapagain 2008). These variations imply that if India attains water use efficiency of those countries it can save at least half of water presently used for irrigation purposes. (vii) Climate change brings new uncertainties, adds new risks, exacerbates existing ones and increases vulnerabilities. The most effective way to adapt to climate change is to enhance adaptive capacity of people’s life and livelihood by building resilient sectors on which they depend on. In the evolving context of climate impacts at local level, the policies governing climate action need to be grounded, pertinent to people’s need and wants while holding on to sustainable management of natural resources and ecosystem restoration.

The post 2015 development agenda is influenced by three global agreements –Sendai framework of Disaster Risk Reduction, Sustainable Development Goals and Paris Agreement. These agreements have raised the political profile of climate resilience. The Paris Agreement inscribes a global goal for adaptation which requires collective climate action at local, regional, national and international level.

Effective policy making plays a significant role in building resilience to climate change. Policies set the tone to create enabling environment for climate action and dealing with inherent structural inequalities. Speaking of inequalities, a sizeable section of people of Jhansi district in Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh survive in degenerated natural resources. In the absence of alternative livelihood options, people rely on subsistent agriculture with diminishing returns. Frequent disasters such as drought, heat waves, water stress and others result in lower performance in all human development indicators. Being the unit of reference for implementation in India, effective policy making could emerge strongly at district level. The District Climate Resilience Plan (DCRP) of Jhansi district is an attempt to do just that. The DCRP explores the points of convergence – climate concerns into district development plans in climate sensitive sectors. It identifies policy gaps and provides practical, grounded and workable suggestion to improve the status- quo in priority sectors agriculture, livestock, irrigation, renewable energy, health and nutrition, forest and land use. Putting emphasis on effectiveness, we believe the DCRP will be useful to all the concerned government departments and implementing entities. Throughout the process of putting the plan together, the approach has been consultative and fact-based, whether empirical or from literature. We sincerely hope the district administration will be able to make efficient use of this exercise. (viii) Yours truly,

Ramesh Babu, EFICOR

Sanjay Vashist, CAN South Asia

Table of Contents

Chapters Content Page No. 1. District Planning Key to Address Climate Risks and 1 Build Resilience 1.1 • Linking District Planning with SDGs and Paris 2 Agreement to Build Resilience 1.2 • District Climate Resilience Planning (DCRP) 3 2. DCRP Planning Process 7 2.1 • Climate Risk Profile of Bundelkhand and Jhansi 8 2.2 • Adaptive Capacity of Rural Jhansi 10 2.3 • Integrating Climate Concerns in District Development 11 3. Climate Resilience Priorities 13 3.1 • Drinking Water Sufficiency 14 3.2 • Agriculture Productivity & Livestock Resilience 19 3.3 • Livelihood Options & Income Security 26 3.4 • Nutrition Security & Access to Healthcare 27 3.5 • Ecological Balance 29 4. Building Climate Resilience 30 4.1 • Institutional Set-up for DCRP at District Level 31 4.2 • Planning & Implementation with Indicators for Climate 31 Resilience 5. Annexures and Case Studies 44 6. References 51 Climate and Bu Risks District PlanningDistrict Ke 1 ild Resilience ild y to Address

Page 1 54 Page 2 54 specifically. People are relatively more exposed and vulnerable to hazards of to hazards andvulnerable climate change when– exposed more relatively are People communities/regions specifically. certain and general in people of on impacts hazards the change examining climate when matter ground the on inequalities Structural realities. ground changing on based flexibility real-time ensure and requirementspeople’s include effectively can planning which at level the also is It potential. response quick as well as knowledge and resources local efficiency, to to access of advantages due system governance Indian in position significant a holds planning level District justice. social and goods public several of delivery ensure to amendment 74th and 73rd per as respectively, strategy, and mechanisms Indian are avowed the planning decentralised and government Local context. local per as models growth. Accordingly, for the potential role and of district gains administration is development to incidence, apply customised poverty development endowments, resource natural in districts across diversity extreme with federation a is India national andsub-nationalplanningmechanisms – a federal has constituted structure to meet these international commitments while linking them to ofIndia Government the Thus, governance. decentralised of part as only implemented best are goals their and agreements These ecosystem. and economy society, Indian the of to resilience building Contribution) at aimed Determinedare UNFCCC (Nationally NDC India’s in submitted climate Sustainable UN to changing measuresto adaptation and SDGs the of participant Most 2015. in nations 190 over keen and by signed Change Climate on Agreement Paris signatory and (SDGs) Goals Development important an is India 1.1 LinkingDistrictPlanningwithSDGsandParis Agreement toBuildResilience • • • • • or, • • their livelihoods depend on natural resources and they have few options Central andstatesponsored schemestomeet SDGs State ActionPlanonClimateChange (SAPCC) National ActionPlanonClimateChange (NAPCC) appropriate facilities. persons withdisabilities andolderpersonshave inadequate access to they have low levels of education and inadequate access to health services; they are withoutappropriate access toinsurance andfinancialmarkets; for diversifyingtheirincome sources; knowledge andlearning from pastinterventionsinsimilarcontext torefer to. traditional practices, best are there nevertheless, region, could local the opportunities to unique and be challenges These Panchayat. Administration, Zila District as and such Municipalities levels governance local and the challenges at the for opportunities plan and anticipate understand, to important is it and trends, long-term and disruption short-term both addresses resilience Climate sustainable and climate-resilient societies.” build to needed transformations structural the enable and needs immediate address to interventions policies integrated of building of climate resilience. Building resilience, therefore, requires a “continuum the including development, sustainable for required in process lead transformation the the take effectively to them enable to as way a such in systems making policy strengthen to opportunity unique a providesworld”, our “transforming of vision its with Development, Sustainable for Agenda 2030 the of adoption The play. to role a major have definitely will making policy effective context, this In the causes underlyingsuchstructural inequalities. addressing entail must resilience change climate of building the effective, Tobe development process withmajorfocusonwater availability, natural resources integralchangean climate needsregularmade for impacts of be Planning part to infrastructure, andenvironmental conservation. including spatial planning, water and other Municipalities physical/natural resources, integratedand Panchayats for plan Gram holistic a develop to mandated accumulating is DPC The areas. Panchayat urban in Municipalities Zila and (GPDP) Plans (DPC), Development Panchayat Committee Planning between coordination District through out carried currently is planning level District 1.2 DistrictClimateResilience Planning(DCRP) climate change. long-standing by exacerbated addressingfurther are which vulnerability at and inequality,poverty, of issues aimed programmatic governance convergence, to view bring holistic to and India approach in launched schemes multiple of basis the as acting SDGs on stewardship thought the providing is Aayog NITI change impacts. climate of face the in flourish and adapt, anticipate, to and life of ways normal their to Climate Resilience ability ofanecosystemorcommunitytosurvivedisruption isthe

Page 3 54 Page 4 54 1.2.1 the additionalityofclimateactionontopregular developmentplan. for new and be need plan, the may approaches, There methods, into tools accordingly.and funding for some aligned aspects of built resilience to be fulfil to be need to budgets the need strategies adaptation by followed to disruption of assessment vulnerability risks climate a environment, addressing and economy society, local is DPC by Plan District the ensure To property. and life of protection and reduction cost of benefits are thereareas many in as well as priorities development various for strategies adaptation climate of co-benefits multiple are infrastructure.There critical of maintenance and inclusion, financial welfare, social healthcare, training, skills and education security, livelihoods practices, farm sustainable restoration, and protection 4. 3. 2. 1. dynamic nature oftheissue – ( to F.L.I.P. here suggested been have principles guiding four of set a Additionally, Behind” one of mantras the through SDGs UnitedNations and India of Government the by provided been already has framework The the to empowerment oftoday’s vulnerable sections ofsocietyby– way the leads which framework, development broader a of part specific be on functionaries must responses middle-to-junior-level policy Tospecific issues. highly however,successful,these be and experts bottom-up high-level integrated requires districts planning, inter-departmental policy convergence, and coordination between in Bundelkhand situation The aka scenario of no action to addressaka scenario of no risks from climate change • • •

F.L.I.P. P I L F weakness. changing thenormsmaintainingtheirsocial,economic andpolitical and sanitation; extending theiraccess toqualitybasicservices suchashealth, education markets; improving theirasset positionsaswellaccess toinputandproduct nclusivity lexibility earning reventive management the projected and expected situation in “business as usual” scenario usual” as “business in situation expected and projected the , respectively. –Four Principles ofClimateResilience Planning “Convergence” and ) to address the “Leaving No- The most under-represented and/or excluded sections of society are oftenthe society of sections excluded and/or under-represented most The 3. I knowledge isimportantforarobust, relevant andcost-effective districtplan. traditional community’s including stakeholders local and institutions research various by produced knowledge Incorporatingagility. their for governance local into processes knowledge-sharing and learning continuous build to necessary is it Therefore, be. will plan each successful how precisely know to or future term long- the about certainty absolute have to possible not is it face, might region a rangea accuratefor as plan be and to impacts anticipate possibleclimate to as of planning developmental during goal the is it While circumstances. changing on A flexible, adaptive governance requires continuous learning to be made available 2. L are addressed allchallenges is bestsuited todemonstrate thisneeded flexibilitytolocal situations. ensure administration district will The adequately. utilised opportunities and appropriately capacity adaptive andmore The more important. is becoming andimplementation planning local in behaviour,flexibility climatic local and patterns weather of uncertainty increasing With 1. F region exist orwere even ifclimaterisks didnot low inintensity. the for benefits additional with governance to regrets”approach “no a is change climate on action taking world, policy climate in noted often is it As planning. processes, specifically climate implementation besides for and planningresilience governance, level district all across adopted be can principles of The F.L.I.P. set and torrential rain. community cattle shelters that are built to withstand heat waves, drought, floods, and anganwadis schools, hospitals, as such services essential run to supply power 24x7 renewable, reliable, a uses that one be will community resilient a example, efforts that is, managing the consequences of a changed and changing climate. For impacts in the first place. Resilience blends adaptation and disaster risk reduction Resilience is also about ensuring that we do as much as possible to prevent/reduce 4. P departments andotherstakeholders helpstoensure inclusivedevelopment. government various betweencollaboration and policies/schemes Convergenceof for applies also ofplanning principle This planning. welfare social with as just the centre resilience climate at be kept to to access need of they Thus, lack administration. or local planning development in non-inclusion to due worsened disproportionately face They further is change. which least, the is impacts withstand to capacity their while climate risks high of impacts to vulnerable most nclusivity lexibility earning reventive management

Page 5 54 Page 6 54 n ass te P’ ts o dvlpn a itit ln ht uls climate builds that Plan District a developing resilience ofChitrakoot of district. task DPC’s the assist and development of areas key in risks climate address to taken be can that approach The DCRP will apply these principles in the following chapters to demonstrate the DCRP Planning PlanDCRP 2 ning Process

Page 7 54 Page 8 54 an average of 47 degrees Celsius in most of its 13 districts. The annual average annual The surface districts. temperature is projected to rise and this will adversely impact availability13 its of most in Celsius degrees 47 of average an with hit worst the of one is and climate semi-humid and hot a has Bundelkhand 1ºC. above already India of parts with warming,average global of 0.86ºC of impacts seeing already is region The century. this of end the by 3.5°C - 2 about by higher be to Training and likely for Institute Nations by United Research (UNITAR) has predicted that average temperatures in Bundelkhand region are experiments modelling climatic The 2100, year the by impacting agriculture, health andsurvival. habitation for hot too becoming swathes vast with impacts, indicate that India is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to climate Agreement) 1.5ºC for agriculturecontinueal greenhouseet the exhaust to gas emissions(GHG) budget As global emissions from burning carbon-intensive fuels, deforestation, industrial 2.1 ClimateRiskProfile ofBundelkhandandJhansi ae tns n ucnrle gonwtr xrcin ae opudd the compounded have challenges faced intheregion. extraction groundwater uncontrolled and tanks water encroached/polluted as such issues environmental human-induced Additionally, as irregular rainfall have led to large-scale forced migration of The the local population. opportunities. livelihood other such local climate of waterfluctuations and to food due livelihoods, insecurityof and employment of lack of because years recent the in critical extremely become has region the in situation poverty The has region This demonstrated agriculture. ahightendencytowards extreme temperatures andrainfall events. rain-fed sensitive climate highly is which of most cultivation for sown net is area the of 68% and 2011) (Census areas rural in lives Climate change impacts the poor and deprived the most. 60% of Jhansi population 2.1.1 ClimateChange andPoverty adaptive the while variation capacity isfound tobequitelow. rainfall annual and temperatures extreme on The potential impact of climate change is found to be high livelihood security intheregion. disturbing the web of life, as well as impact agriculture and health that are key to waterof resources, increaseleadto localnaturallosses of in resources speciesand 3 2 http://www.iegindia.org/upload/publication/Workpap/wp337.pdf https://www.eenews.net/assets/2018/03/21/document_cw_01.pdf (the globaltemperature(the increase goal aspired tobeachieved underParis , there, increaseexponential an is vulnerabilitythe in ReportsIndia. of 3 inJhansiasperreports 2

n cliae i rdcin f h ptnil ils n re cniin. The conditions. drier in yields potential the of reduction in culminates and harvesting delays turn in which sowing, in delay causes monsoon the in shift The conditions and socio-economic issues such as malnutrition, drought cholera frequent and losses to migration. leading area large evaporation a in rates run-off high water rainfall high and trends, rainfall erratic experienced has Bundelkhand month (fromexpected toshiftbyone JulytoAugust). period is season the precipitation major yearsthe change climate 6 to Due days. last 24 to in restricted been has while Bundelkhand in days rainy 52 are there Normally, and lifeassets. agriculture of lifeline the were these and ago years of hundreds built tanks water the region has historically been supplied with water from large number of surface Hamirpur,and Banda havegrounddistricts poor other very waterall Thus, yield. Chitrakoot, in land the of third a about and Jhansi for Except discharge. annual their in fluctuations seasonal high have rivers The proposition. unsustainable an irrigation for mining groundwater making thus, recharging, insufficient or and renewal of table rate water of exhaustion quick aquifers, of water-yield poor exceptionally with rock, hard is Bundelkhand in land the of cent per 90 Around 2.1.2 Topography, andClimateImpacts Hydrology to an inch-and-half left underground. Women travel 3 km one way to fetch water, Water tables in many areas have fallen down up to 300 feet, with water rising only and untimely, affecting adequate irrigation. capacity) their of 50% to 40% only at (operating sub-optimal inadequate, is etc.) indicate that the quantity of water from these sources (canals, irrigation projects, that reportsseveralarethere average 40%, the grossirrigatedareais though Even and in streams floods rivers, eroding thesurface soilsandgave riseto ravines. flash the to rise gave cover forest of loss The ethics. and groundwater recharge pattern, soil productivity, people’s life the pattern, social rivers, mores the of character perennial patterns, rainfall the climate, the changed forests of destruction The drought. was there still and districts many in normal by exacerbated now above was rainfall the when 2011 in as thereafter, scarcity such north, water and run-off to south the water rapid of because floods flash of risk the faces also fromregion the deforestation, topography sloping to Due while pulses delaying sowingofseeds forothervarieties. and oilseeds as such crops affected rains heavy The situation. like flood- to ledJuly, which in rainfall excess experienced it and 2016 June of month the in rain inadequate and drought severe by marked was region Bundelkhand

Page 9 54 Page 10 54 farm holding, access to credit, rural infrastructure, and cropping intensity.cropping infrastructure,Ruralruralcredit,and to access holding, farm cooperative average line, poverty below living people primary of percentage prices, current at output agriculture of of value the members by measured income farmer farm rate, of literacy rural societies, number - capacity adaptive evaluate its to used were assets capital these represent to (rural) district Jhansi of physical and social, financial, human, natural, capacity: adaptive region’s a determine can assets capital of types Five change issuggested tominimisetheimpactofclimatechange. extreme climate to therefore,variables,adaptation climatic in changesregulate or stop of to frequency where district Jhansi the temperature and in rainfall events was found to high be very high. Since is there is no option change climate of Pradesh Uttar from on Evidence Change: Climate 337 to Vulnerability No. Paper Working IEG’s per As 2.2 AdaptiveCapacityandVulnerability water are andbetteruseofwater allcrucialforBundelkhand. savings technology conditions, water management, watershed development, sustainable use of surfacethese Given day. a in trips multiple making containers, water multiple carrying vulnerable to climate change in a study by the National Initiative on Climate on tobehighly Initiative Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) found National the by isalso study a in change Thedistrict climate to vulnerable left. the on figure the by indicated as impacts climate to vulnerable highly considered is district capacity,the adaptive of Jhansi to climate change. Since the exposure to climate change is high with low capacity adaptive medium and vulnerability high indicate figures following The on theagriculture sector, allthesevariables are related toit. dependent is population district the of majority area.As sown net hectareof per kilogramme in capacity storage and area; irrigated net of percentage kilometres; square thousand per road built of length total villages; electrified of percentage ruralregulatedof number population; markets hectarelakh per area;sown net of lakh per societies agriculture primary of number - on based was infrastructure (Venkateswarlu etal.2012) (Scoones 1998) (Scoones Socioeconomic BackwardnessSocioeconomic Increases . The relevant characteristics relevant The . . , the potential impact potential the , h Cif ertr ad rnia Sceais f tt Pann Department, Planning State of Secretaries Principal and Secretary in 2008by Chief the (UP) released Pradesh for Uttar Report Development Human The 2.3 Integrating ClimateConcerns inDistrictDevelopment can moveahead inthehumandevelopment index. U.P.outcome, social key achieving progressin lesser relatively shown have which There are significant inter-district variations in the state. By uplifting the districts, A closer look at the data reveals high heterogeneity in the living standards in U.P. major states,evenbelowBihar andJharkhand(NITIAayog 2018). Health recent The 2014). (NCERT group the among lowest Aayogthe rankspreparedNITI UP Index the Development by bottom the among UP puts Index ResearchTrainingEducational and of Council National Development Education The 2015). (Kundu 2015 Report Development Human Programme Development (GoI 2012). The state slipped to the 16th position according to the United Nations Index Development Human the of terms in states major among position 14th the at UP ranked 2011 Report Development Human National the report, that Since and males between of development districts of females were quitehighinthem. disparity other and than levels results poverty stronger still Bundelkhand, comparatively had Chitrakoot and Jhansi sectors across alldistrictsofstate. on which development is to be assessed. The report found wide disparities in these U.P.of Government three as health core income, and sectorseducation identifies

Page 11 54 Page 12 54 ensure strategies are kept relevant tothedistrict’s needs andsituation. consultation. and to essential are adjustment and evaluation monitoring, Additionally,continuous customisation convergence, through governance district in Where vulnerabilities. identified there are gaps, new strategies are the proposed in order to integrate climate resilience to compared initiatives first community and priorities resilience these of practices, regulations, and policies of framework existing the evaluatingrequires each on strategies adaptation Developing priorities thatare detailed laterintheplan– key as criteria following the on focus to chooses thus, (DCRP), Plan Resilience district’s adaptive capacity are also key to climate resilience. The District Climate a evaluate to used earlier to referred paper working IEG’s that assets capital The • • • • • • • • Governance capacity of Municipalities and PRIs to address climate risks Forests, wildlife andlanduse Disaster riskreduction andcritical infrastructure Access toinformation,local R&D, andknowledge Nutrition andaccess tohealthcare Livelihood optionsandsecurity Agriculture andlivestockresilience Drinking water sufficiency Climate Resistance 3

Priorities

Page 13 54 Page 14 54 situation from climaterisks. emerging and context local the to flexible being while tools planning and schemes laws, andecosystem throughof district peoples, economy convergence ofallrelevant policies, the DCRP is designed to be a handbook that provides an approach to achieving level, resilience district at resilience climate build to planning effective for need the Considering Administration with– T strategic response terrain tothe andhydrology ofBundelkhand. a were downstreamsides the on embankments build to region the of topography sloping the using streams many tapping by built reservoirs surface and lakes tanks, water The etc. forlimited irrigation. tanks, wells, the used farmers vegetation.growthThe of abundant resultedthe in moisture soil increased the and wells in water of level the increased levels, water to ensure a satisfactory level of groundwater. The tanks enriched the underground the tanks hundred several of and network a established livelihoods They region. the of the development supporting of means a as water conserving in interest 10 the between rulers Bundela and Chandela The 3.1.1 Lessons from thewater-surplus historyofBundelkhand 3.1 DrinkingWater Sufficiency the suggested approach toaddressing risks. and future in issuesexpectedchallenges, current on district Jhansi the of context In the following sections, key climate resilience priorities are elaborated using the he DistrictClimateResilience Plan(DCRP)aimstosupporttheDistrict Administration with– District the support to aims (DCRP) Plan Resilience Climate District The • •

under severe stress. planning bydistrictadministration durable andrelevant toanarea for traditional knowledge andpractices thatholdthepotentialtomake Make aparticipatoryandinclusiveactionplanwithadequate scope collaborative management ofnatural resources; through convergence ofinter-departmentaldevelopmentplanningand Effective management of vagaries ofnature andclimatechange impacts th and18 th centuries took a keena took centuries proximity tothetanksfillingthemupwithfilthand drain/sewer disposals. In villagesettlements. close of in raised were complexes residential and theexpansion shopping large-scale areas, for urban or crops paddy raise were to tanks flattened Many fisheries. of development for privatised been have resources common these villages, In encroached. or disuse into fallen have and neglected water purposes have dried up. Despite their drinking usefulness, the for traditional used tanks stand wells masonry and traditional as well as ponds and tanks the of Most levels. consumption projected and current the meet to sources water of sustainability the is Jhansi of district climate-constrained in challenge key The 3.1.2 Current situationandchallenges by for Water paid Users guards Associations (WUAs), through Farmers maintenance Co-operatives and bodies State Government. water of mechanism the back bring to need considerablyreduced. a had is There etc. tanks ponds, wells, the by the to led silting of the turn tank beds, etc. in By the end of which the 20th century, maintenance, the total the area irrigated in decline a to led which thereafter stopped then and tanks the for (guards) Chowkidars the for paying by tanks the control overlocal natural resources. Till1970s,thestategovernments maintained their of people divesting farmers, the to water sell to order themto in tanks existing the linked and canals constructed 1860, post Administration, British The and have serious effects on the health of people. Greater variability in rainfall in could result variability in frequent and prolonged periods Greater of high or low groundwater levels. people. of health the on effects serious have and quality water ground deteriorate could which demand rising and water surface of availability less to due extraction water ground increase further will change The tanks and reservoirs suffer from seepage losses due to nature of granite. Climate sometimes removing water hyacinth andotherweeds. and/or boundaries the repairing light-posts, fixing to limited were measures The tanks that has been undertaken can be considered as essentially cosmetic in effect. the of maintenance Any them. maintain to made was effort little though bodies removinganti-encroachmentencroachmentswaterdrive froman 3,852 launch to catchment (from where they get their water), urging the then government in 2014 and pools have been encroached upon in the region, losing their original area and MGNREGS) in the last decade. Apart from the vanished water bodies, 4,424 ponds In Mahoba, water bodies have increased by 1,402 (includes small ponds dug during in Jhansi. 2,459 remaining the and Banda in 869 Hamirpur, in 541 Chitrakoot, in were 151 ponds, as per the reply to a query filed under the Right to Information (RTI). Out of these 4,020 2010 till decade disappearedhavethe ponds in 4,020 region,UP’sabout Bundelkhand In

Page 15 54 Page 16 54 maintained. run-off on the rocky surface, instead of recharging surface water tanks that havenot been to lost and conserved not was water as rainfall ample was there though even region the in drought hydrological faced people 2011 in instance, For times. many broken been has drought] of [cycle pattern this Bundelkhand in that evidence with indicates study The average water availability -occurs. below hydrological- year,droughtconsecutivesecondthe the then for continues droughtmeteorological the India If production.agricultural for because monsoons on depends year same the in drought agricultural to leads It first. happens - in India wherein usually the meteorological drought - rainfall much below average - hydrological and agricultural meteorological, - droughts of kinds three of talks (NIDM) Management Disaster of Institute National the by study 2014 A rainfall. normal from deviation with years deficit recorded10 CGWB 2001-2015, Between Drought: natural andhuman-induced causes than 50%. more is countries industrialised rich in industry by consumption water of share distress migration, it will put pressure on limited water availability, as comparable While industrialisationispromoted asameans toaddress unemploymentand periods withlow levelsofservice while communities wait forthegovernment to long and infrastructure the of deterioration by followed works, and schemes in to service delivery has remained supply-driven characterised by large investments implementation and management of schemes. As a result, the dominant approach availability. planning, water in them involve to communities with interaction long-term little been has There for disbursement, required financial approach and programmatic projects of asJal instead supply water known of now progress concerned physical approach with project-oriented had (PHED), historically has Department Jhansi, in Engineering Sansthan Health Public The 3.1.3 Way Forward the end-usersofthisinformation. for complex is process This timeliness. and scope geographical in limited is that making and community adaptive decisions need to rely on a multiplicity of Administration sources providing information District Thus, information. climatic are events differentdroughtflood thatand those generate from hydrological and declaring for responsible institutions Additionally,the district. the across towns within a district, making it difficult to provide localised information to villages and In India, data related to climatic variables are available only for a single point Relevant andtimelyscientificinformationatthedistrictlevel supply andagriculture (andallied) activities. as per budgeting among competing user groups giving primacy to drinking water This document should also provide for review and reallocation of water resources uses. water prioritised and mapping measures conservation Niti” suggesting accordingly Upyog and sources Aevam Sanrakshan usage Jal and “Jila conservation document water guidance district a consultation public through prepare should Administration District The water.available all of allocation, in priority first the has water WaterPolicy,drinking National the of provisions the per As Results-based resources.(ABHY) willstrengthen decentralised governance. own their supplement to financing schemes for drinking water security such as the new Atal Bhujal Sansthan Yojana Jal and GPs to including training, technical support, access to professional services and as financing such programmes support continuous extend and Through access should Administration NRDWP,District action. to commitment and ownership creates This beneficiaries. of hands the in maintenance and operation implementation, availability will be instrumental to ensure results. Decentralisation puts planning, Bringing accountability and programmatic approach in the system to ensure water rebuild theschemes. from thatdistrict needs tobeutilised bytherespective StateGovernments for water assessment unit and use of ground water. Water Conservation Fee collected ground of category extracted, water ground of quantum the on based proposed been have fee conservation water of rates The fee. conservation water a paying after extraction water ground for (NOC)’ Certificate Objection ‘No etc. a obtain projectsto mining and infrastructure industries, new and existing stipulates which guidelines, CGWAdraft preparedstructures. has and rechargetechniques various through groundwater of recharge artificial for Jhansi in blocks identified has 2013 Plan Master CGWB The harvesting. water for potential great showing large quite is sub-basin and basin river including district the in area Catchment both administrative andpolitical willalongwithpeople’s support. on studies many these tanks though have shown that them, the work involved on in doing refocusedso is substantive be requiring to needs attention ponds, and tanks of sustainability natural the and supply water of quantity of potential the Considering area. catchment their including maintenance their with along ones of these adjustments includes the rejuvenation of existing ponds while building new needs to be re-adjusted to solutions suitable to the topography however of the spending region. Some development Government’s solutions. durable been not have for centuries whereas borewells and hand pumps relying on depleting groundwater Traditional surface water tanks ensured drinking water supply in interior villages

Page 17 54 Page 18 54 level. GP or sub-block at rainfall and levels groundwater of recording and monitoring systematic be to needs there also, conditions normal In developed. be to needs early uses that plan warning system to enable proper planning of communicationsadaptation strategies for the district and monitoring drought integrated An and yieldofwells. level groundwater the enhance will which dam check cum dyke sub-surface for selected be should district the of parts south-eastern and southern the in nallahs and streams The areas. urban in consumption sustainable and efficiency enhance forvarious tariff with graded groundwaterextractionwill on ceiling overallquantitative an and usage of levels metering Water self-sufficiency. ensure would construction new in provision mandatory and building existing in retro-fitting for incentives through structures harvesting water rain rooftop areas, urban In the public to allow citizens the of the district control per over water usage as in their district. be with consultation in prepared to document guidance usage water district proposed needs implementation policy extraction water Any district. that in measures conservation water recharge/ water ground of implementation rainfall, thus, dependson otherlivelihoods suchasdaily wage labour. stand at risk of no food and income in event of drought or heat wave or untimely They half. by drops cultivation under area these the year,drought a enhances In vulnerabilities. change Climate region. this in vulnerabilities social various to leading livestock the and practices agricultural livelihoods, allied productivity, The general lack of water for irrigation and recent droughts have affected the farm 3.2.1 Vulnerability from ClimateChange ImpactsandFarm Practices 3.2 Agriculture Productivity &LivestockResilience solutions todrinking waterchallenges inChitrakoot district. Referfor4 Chapter to Annexure relevantand for3.1.3 climate-resilienceschemes specific need tobeencouraged, invited andguided toinvestinthedistrict- financial resourceswith companies and NGOs sufficiency on water work to keen • • • • • availability data. support R&Dfordistrict-specific climate variables andprojected water build green belts,and water useefficiencyand groundwater monitoring, support training andfacilitationofcommunity/industry WUAs for support water tanksrejuvenation andmaintenance, build rainwater harvestingandartificial recharge structures, and power generation (0.051 BCM) indicate that crop requirement is maximum is requirement crop that indicate BCM) (0.051 generation power and BCM) (0.060 industrial BCM), (0.028 livestock BCM), (0.922 crops BCM), (0.065 District Irrigation Plan, total water demands for various sectors such as domestic the per As resources. irrigation alleviating in challenges immense posing 66.62% being rain-fed totally or un-irrigated remains area cropped major 33.38%, only is irrigationprotective with along areairrigated partially area,irrigated net the As intensive crops, exertingpressure onlimited water resources ofthestate. irrigation of projects tend to over-irrigate region and also shift their cropping head-end patterns towards water the at farmers The cultivation. vegetable for opt mainly riverside the on farmlands have who Those orchards. and vegetables with replaced is agroforestry conditions, irrigated under whereas agroforestry, with cerealintegratecultivation to prefer farmers rain-fedUnderconditions, systems. irrigated to (rain-fed ratio = 2:1). rain-fedDepending on the availability of water, largely farmers differ in their farming is Jhansi in today practiced Agriculture Irrigation andWater-use Efficiency looking togiveitupleading tomass migration. are farmers young many investment, on loss net with along risk at that of event the in and farmers holding small the by cultivation of objective primary the is security Food water leading tolosses growing tofarmers crops dependentoncanal water. of predictability and assurance with come not does canals irrigation in invested Money farmers askey causes oflowwater useefficiency. in awareness of lack and system distribution in structures control water of lack canals, of maintenance poor identified has (CWC) Commission Water Central byground irrigation and water isinMauranipur andBabinablocks. Maximum management (WUE). water efficiency proper use water through of addressed enhancement be must which Jhansi in

Page 19 54 Page 20 54 are the reasons behind the lack of favour from most farmers to crop diversification capacity bearing low-risk and security food for need This losses. crop or transfer subsidies in delays long to vulnerable highly are low.They quite is income net as well as achieved not are scale of economies so scattered are fields their times at and hectares 2 than less cultivate district the in households farming of Majority Economies ofScale andRisk-bearing Capacity the projected foodgrain requirements ofthestate. achieved been has t/ha 2.39 about of level productivity U.P. of state entire the in inputs, such as those practiced in China and Brazil. With the present irrigation and other resources, water of management efficient through water extra requiring without country the in doubled be can irrigation under area suggests Aayog per drop”.NITI crop “more of a policy advocates also it whilst 20%, by efficiency use water ofirrigation (NWM) Comprehensive Mission Document states that there is a need to increase theutilisation Mission National Water The potential. to improving irrigation existing the of (IPU) potential begiven must priority Therefore, irrigationscopeof expansion further for infrastructure largea on scale limited.is andminor medium major, from (IPC) irrigation schemes have reached 81% of India’s ultimate irrigation potential, created so the potential irrigation total The 4 mid-to-long-term accordingly forecast of climate change and impacts on agriculture are not available at district level projections temperature-rise Downscaled Relevant Information andScientificAdvice because ofinsufficientfodder anddeterioration in pastoral lands. livestock in disease or malnutrition cause can conditions drought livestock, on For pastoralists and agro-pastoralists whose livelihoods and food security depend livestock. their for transportation the afford cannot farmers the since villages all to staff provide regular and care to in number all the livestock; the camps also insufficient have not been are able to reach clinics veterinary The Bundelkhand. of the foreign heat the accustomed to are not they as people the favour by finding breedsnot is with species native Cross-breeding buffaloes. are with farmers cows resourceful replacing Now, animals. these from output low very getting are are farmers resourceful Cows Now,and goats play a very animals. important role in the rural these economy, although from farmers output low very getting are Cows and goats play a very important role in the rural economy, although farmers Livestock Selection andCare scale determovetowards consolidation oflandholdingsbyinterested farmers. towardsvaluehigh products.horticulture other leasingat Challengesand land in http://www.moef.gov.in/sites/default/files/SAPCC_UP_final_version_0.pdf 4 . Productivity level of 3.4 t/ha will have to be achieved by 2020 to meet to 2020 by achieved be to have will t/ha 3.4 of level Productivity . In the agriculture area under University of Agriculture and Technology located in farm inputs. certain in resources invested already has farmer the times at and farmer each to The short-term information provided by CWWG is yet to ensure its timely reach schemes. managementwater and agricultural of implementation and design help it does nor district-specific and comprehensive neither is that forecast weather U.P. information/ recommendations to farmers across the state under as per short-term crop (CWWG) Group Watch Council of Agricultural WeatherResearch (UPCAR) was organised to provide Crop only current uncertainties. inherent have and assumptions several on based are models vulnerabilities climatic The in theclimate,thus,useofinnovative media isneeded. Rural farmers have more difficulty understanding the idea bridged. of longer-term be changes to needs coherence and time relevance, in gaps to due beneficiaries intended and planners scientists, between gap information The district. the to when climate change variability information is not accurate higher or significantly specificallybe relevantcan failure for potential the because recommended be to tricky crops are farmers, by of investment on returns high choiceproduce can altogether,which the or dates sowing the altering as such strategies Adaptation exploitation of groundwater toirrigate farms.Theuptake ofalternatives suchas Relief measures resources.such as low or water no cost power on to farmers leads to impact over-reliance and adverse have indirectly sector agriculture other in inputs and pumps) power, (water, irrigation for subsidies like policies Sectoral Policy Gaps still achallenge. reacheachGramin regular communicationsand of farmers with Panchayatinterface is the Additionally, solutions. adaptation and observations climatic generalise to difficult available and since farming practices and physical conditions vary across the region, it is not is agriculture in practices adaptation change climate suitable on decisions make to district acrossa variables climate on information timely Locally-relevant,accurateand non-application byfarmers. institutions for reasonssocio-economic other arethere or these farmers reachedall not have either from recommendations and results The visits. exposure and demonstration through techniques and varieties crop improved of extension for AgricultureResearch,of Council Delhi Indian New by district the in established safety plant techniques and seed and production. Krishi cropVigyan Kendra development, (KVK) has also been crop through technique farm correct to given be can pace which through out carried be to proposed are projects research Banda,

Page 21 54 Page 22 54 ndqae n dlyd opnain seily nutbe o ml farmers; small to exclusion of sharecroppers and tenant farmers as well as many crops; exclusion of unsuitable especially of loss; compensation delayed assessment and inaccurate inadequate from suffer scheme and policy insurance Crop conditions. from altering their farm and crop practices intended to adapt to changing climate farmers small to benefits the limit also will crops some for (MSP) policy pricing of intermediaries, role on dependence excessive and enterprise private small-scale for incentives of lack produce, ofagriculture issues, infrastructure storage and market markets, to access fragmented/missing selling on restrictions The The quality. water and soil of degradationenvironmental cost arisingoutofthesepractices isnotinternalised. to leads farming industrial scale large- of Promotion etc. nutrients, of supply balanced seeds, quality of purchase towards investments higher make to have also farmers as in proportion, returns same the net higher mean necessarily not do seeds of varieties High-yielding assured water supply. irrigation scheme that filter out many farmers such as requirement of pre-existing the in provisions or prices water/energy low by either stymied is irrigation drip agriculture issues. Government programmes to support pre- and post-harvest farmer needs that will address State itisthe amongst coordination and of with customisation effective that with supplemented practices together cropping as techniques well as shown choices seed harvesting and crop informed has make to management/ interventions farmer-level water inBundelkhand efficient of initiatives combination of various experience The of astrong programme topromote aridhorticulture andlivestockdevelopment. post- lack as well as as district, entire well the covering infrastructure marketing and as harvest support extension agriculture inadequate andintegrated planting farming, plot and agriculture small dryland seeds through diversification high-quality for need low-cost material, of conservation supply ofresource inadequate non-adoption techniques, and efficiency water-use organic low low deficiency, carbon, macro-nutrient and micro- soil are: resilience climate for priority on addressed be to need that farmers the by facedconstraints Major areas rural and agriculture to related development. departments criteria all main for as well accountability as of resilience livestock and agriculture of indicators key the be to need workers and producers farm of welfare social and levels Income 3.2.2 Way Forward damage from unforeseen weather events, etc. in surrounding flood-prone areas can help bring surplus water from thereto from water surplus bring help can areas flood-prone surrounding in watermanagementcorrectFlood imbalance. to construction) the new (including expansion urban controlover and bodies, water planned of encroachment mining, and sand like activities with effective be aided to need interventions These old ponds and conserve catchment area to ensure water availability at every farm. In addition to minor irrigation projects and schemes, it is necessary to re-generate with districtauthorities. encouragingcooperationand issue the of them sensitising for public to disclosed of monitoring from groundwater data aided with and technology equipment across The the district needs to be management. demand-side as well as allocation budget annual inform to administration district by planning management and water-use participatory with complemented be to needs consistently.This down going been has level water schemes, government despite as urgency the indicates army’ ‘groundwater as society civil and youth mobilise to Department Irrigation Minor GoUP by decision recent A India. in 84% is it while countries, OECD in Agricultural water withdrawal accounts for 44 per cent of total water withdrawal Irrigation also reduce groundwater and surface water bodies pollutionfrom agro-chemicals converted to ecologically sustainable, climate-resilient, organic farming. This will be district to land cultivable The of year per produce. 10% least at the of target set for should administration price while higher areas fetching and agriculture health small-holding soil enhancing and rain-fed in substantially expenses healthcare and costs input reduce farming dryland and diversity-based Organic, less rainfall. of signs early at equipment irrigation water-efficient and water of provision for and repairs at the Gram Panchayat level. Drought relief funds should be mobilised maintenance trainingfor accompaniedwith be should systems irrigation solar of also use The costs. while input in farmers reduction through potential to income net their energy enhancing sustainable bring can KUSUM as such Schemes of low-cost inputs. supply timely consistent, ensure and enterprises, local small-scale of form the in opportunities livelihood allied additional provide also shall this – groups farmer manure, of seeds, by manner management decentralised a in al through et energy resources, be reduced water pesticides, fertilisers, to need costs input The Farm inputsquality, availability andcost water-scarce regions.

Page 23 54 Page 24 54 supply chains for organic will become reality once consumers and farmers are farmers and consumers once reality dedicated become will the organic for essential; chains become supply practices organic and sustainable thus, land, agriculturalof piece a of value sale deciding consideredwhen be to moisture and the farmer level – for example, Soil Health Card listing soil carbon, organic matter marketbehaviour at the to leadincentivesshift for through will Changing policy Market-and-farmer-oriented agriculture policies marginalfarmers with landholdings up to 2 hectares and would help ensuring healthy livestock. small registered for centres distribution fodder Animal and hygiene. health their improve to taken are measures as well as promoted be should livelihood. Native species livestock or breeds that can sustain in heat and drought for large quantities of water for farm income and helps in managing a sustainable Livestock is an important component in drought resilience as it decreases the need Livestock R&D bylocal research institutionsreceiving government grants. – this requires farmer community managed seed banks hosted and supported with Seed sovereignty isanintegral partofsustainableandprofitable farmlivelihoods thereby reducing pressure ondistrictadministration forclean water supply. assessment is madeaccurately andcomprehensively. This requires capacity all and sharecroppers, natural tenant disaster events, group insurance of small landholdings farmers, crops, and ensure all important compensation. cover fuller should for insurance out The carried is assessment detailed while disaster a of case in immediately farmers affected transferredto be should amount Minimum Disaster compensation andcrop insurance farmers achievesuitableprices andencourage efficient watermanagement. supply these directly to retailers including e-retailers in towns and cities will help and level village the at groups producer farmer from produce fresh of purchase land. ofcultivable utilisation efficient Building systems to allow vegetable and fruit buyers to enhancecompete in collection and will that and returns their of confident more be to farmers enable will infrastructure storage and marketing decentralised in organisations, farmer including investments, private Mobilising access toorganic produce. Farmer co-operatives and local entrepreneurs can bring facilities. value processing addition and and market certification and testing, quality input-supply, quality locallyfrom organic administrationThe organicfarms. support can with farming purchasing district the in living produce organic enhancedof customers for dairy; cover medical and crops organic producing farmers for pension age old and cover medicalenhanced bonus, special – as such incentives and policies by aided upr fr mlhle fres Eoois f cl cn e civd through achieved be collectivisation oforganic farmersforproduction can andsale. scale of Economies farmers. and smallholder incentives for special support through recognition budget and schemes policy, SDGs needs and resilience climate sovereignty, elements input farm ecological and farmers, agriculture smallholding between connection symbiotic mutually The Convergence, customisationandconsultation information team attheblocklevel. public variedrobust a for need gadget-friendlinessimplying and literacy their are on based dissemination information for used media on needs Farmer village. each to disseminated effectively is that information relevant and timely produce to districts the in located institutions in established be should observatory level sustainable and low-cost agriculture production suitable, locally and as marketingwell as practices.impacts climate A projected and district existing on knowledge farmer- with collaborate relevant cutting-edge produce to district should the in groups marketing and producer institutions agriculture national and Local Knowledge creation anddissemination building atPRIanddistrictadministration levelforcredible assessment. Under MGNREGSin2017-18 Bundelkhand. and food livelihood, of Lack water insecurity,andrural healthsystemare leading the causes ofmigration from survive. to order in it for upon opting generations families with of generations norm, socio-economic a been has migration Bundelkhand, In working onothers’ farmsandwouldbehired ifagriculture sector does well. fromwages on depend who workersagricultural is Jhansi of population working of 30% jobs. of search in state the from migrated 29 and 20 of ages the between lakh) followed by Bihar at 17.2 lakh. Between 2001 and 2011, over 5.8 million people (26.9 out-migration most the with state U.P. listed the Census as Indian 2011 The 3.3. LivelihoodOptions&Income Security solutions toirrigation challenges inChitrakoot district. Refer to Chapter 4 for relevant and Annexureschemes 3.2.2 for specific climate-resilience be could avoided through free, issues priorandinformed consent from citizensinthedistrict. potential Several households. faming customisation vulnerable the and especially convergence bring to possible is amongst various policies and schemes in consultation with the local stakeholders, it level, district the At 5 http://mnregaweb4.nic.in/netnrega/all_lvl_details_dashboard_new.aspx 5 , average days ofemploymentprovided per

Page 25 54 Page 26 54 when they return as well as boot local economy with higher monetary remittances. and education. This will enable the migrating population to be empowered if and healthcare housing, jobs, training, skills of form the in dignified resettlement for temporary migrants receiving towns major in helpdesks similar with linked be could helpdesk The place. new set up “migration a in life for prepare could to support towns for helpdesk” and busstands stations, railway district TThe to markets. linked are that micro-enterprises complementary be would option livelihood long-term a farmers, for reach of out remain usually that projects infrastructurelarge of Instead economy andnatural resources.agro- TheseSEZs could have - tobe local using made need and/or locally sold are that products complementary centres producing enterprises training small and micro of skills ecosystem an develop to dedicated and services financial infrastructure, relevant with SEZs small-scale So efficiency. and operations of scale increase to helped were that enterprises level town There and village markets. of models nearby Chinese are to sold are which products food processed example, for areas, rural in industries micro-enterprises/cottage as such diversification andMGNREGS. through reduced agriculture be to needs livelihood holding for agriculture on small dependence Excess beyond diversified be to need Given very high vulnerability of the district to climate change impacts, incomes the scheme. about awareness of lack besides reasons various to due names their register to failed had people eligible the of most although pulses and oil, potato, of sacks was package relief announced for the region, A special under which BPL card-holders are to get rice, wheat, through. a family carry to sufficient not is year average wage rate per day per person in the scheme was ₹175 which in a drought the 37.35U.P.averagewhile againstof state 40.45 was district the in household 4. 3. 2. 1. Common marketing agency/advisory support; Minimal procedural requirements, reduced credit costs andprocesses; the air; from fartherareas and,thus,reduce harmfulGHGemissions polluting develop local economy, reduce dependence ontransportation ofgoods Regular consumption products produced locally to generate employment, suitable andsustainableforthelocal economy; generate skilled employmentfordistrictresidents insectors thatare Training InstitutesandEntrepreneurship Development Centres to from clearly needing more and better food, which under climate impacts is at risk. children alsototheircare. Thechildren are inneed ofproper parental care, apart are migrating, leaving elderly relatives on their own and sometimes leaving young aredistrict the in becomingHouseholds vulnerable moreas moreand youngsters 3.4.1 Challenges 3.4 NutritionSecurity &Access toHealthcare challengessolutions tolivelihood inJhansidistrict. climate-resilience specific for 3.3 Annexure and schemes relevant for 4 Chapter to Refer where alldevelopmentprogrammes andinformationwillbeconverged. centerpiece the as (GPDP) Plan Development its Panchayatand Gram made has thus, poverty, of aspects multi-dimensional the recognises Antyodaya Mission transport enhance tourism. suitable multi-modal reliable through and will transporthubs and spots varioustourism connectivitybetween full support ensuring Sustainable can services. and Administration infrastructure District and opportunities livelihood alternate offers tourism ecological and spaces pilgrimage Tourismfor between human mortality and thermal stress. Lack of water also leads to sanitation waterresourceshealth, infrastructure. markedcritical a and There is relationship human on effects exacerbate can impacts climate other and temperature in Rise talent. could impact tomorrow’s generation implying weaker workforce and today undeveloped food and water of lack The malnourished. manifestly are Bundelkhand of bed to go to mothers post-partum and reported pregnant The food. of have insufficiency of because hungry people cases 40% in study, another market. to the According from products commercial expensive buying to resorted they and infant the of demand the meet to insufficient was milk their that stated mothers cases, 65% in 2016, year the in region Bundelkhand of locations 6 in conducted a test BundelkhandAccording region. in to situation is of reflective broader This found anaemic. Index (BMI) is below normal are 24% and 16%, respectively, while 55% women were WomenMassanaemic. Body 78% massivewhose a men and (weight-for-age),and 36% are stunted (height-for-age), are27% wasted (weight-for-height), Jhansi 40% underweight in years approximately years, 5 under 2 children all of out while diet adequate under an receiving children 11% only 2015-16, (NFHS) Survey Health weakeneda capacity.their beyond physicalmuch at state FamilyNational per As in work women while state the in high quite already is rate mortality infant The

Page 27 54 Page 28 54 and procurement feasibility, storage, processing and distribution. This implies This distribution. and processing storage, feasibility, procurement and Meals, et al need to be based on decentralised systems of food choices, production All food security schemes such as PDS, ICDS/National Nutrition Mission, Mid-day heat timesoftheday. The electricity utility companies need to be advised on ensuring electricity at peak industries need to be advised on making and provisions for offices care regardingschools, these issues. as such institutions place public Also, ensured. arranged. be to impacts be need health manage to to need communities and malnutrition professionals medical chronic of Training of case in supplements nutrition and heat, from protect to buildings suitable hygiene, and sanitation for Water 3.4.2 Requirements insurance isrequired toprovide supporttothepeople. medical including system of healthcare The rise. to expected consequencesare al et malnutrition, strokes, heat prevalence, mosquito increased as such impacts climate from issues health and diseases The criteria. averagemultiple national on below standing and under-equipped isunder-staffed infrastructure health The and hygiene issues. habitats byheckles and indiscriminate cuttingofforests fortimber, fuelwood, of degradation the to due fast declining is Jhansi of biodiversity the present, At adversely. conservation soil and groundwater rainfall, in impacted Deforestation has Jhansi. region for the priority a is which waves, heat countering in and rainfall bringing in balance, ecological maintaining in role major a play Forests 3.5 Ecological Balance grain and kitchens banks managed by local womengroups. community through poor the for water and food ensuring in efforts government’s the support could initiatives CSR corporate and NGOs drought forcertain communities andtheiraccess shouldbeensured. uncultivated foods are important sources of nutrition in normal times and during Forestas produceparks. and anganwadis,hospitals schools, as such spaces public encouragedgroupsbe self-help should in growfoods supportedto nutritious and growcanagriculture,through Womencosts.agro-forestrydryland input low and of proportion that fruits a and vegetables millets, calendar encouragecropping their in include should to farmers programmes nutrition and security Food vegetables,fruits, millets,pulses,oilseeds etalneed tobeincluded intheseschemes. green local as such foods nutritious and diverse sustainable, locally and species conservation need to be defined in consultation with direct consent shouldbetaken through bothonlineandofflinemethods. with consultation change use in Land breach. outside of no-go for zones defined is a matter penalty of public concern for and which be free, prior informed monitoring strict to with stakeholders need conservation species and and resources natural critical urbanisation for zones No-go resources. of natural on industrialisation pressure the given measure building resilience as term in long invested be to need banks gene and banks seed through species native of Conservation stakeholders. public the with consultation in and safeguards with implemented are projects development ensure to year every increase area zones The various departments need to come together to set targets for forests and buffer also essential tomaintainbasicecosystem services. is which wildlife of loss caused has interference human as well as heat Increasing etc. medicines, for plants weeds,overexploitationof alien grazing,invasionof stones, of quarrying construction, and agriculture of expansion throughchange use land

PagePage 29 29 54 55 PagePage 30 30 54 55 Building Climate 4

Resilience uiiaiis n Zl Pnhyt o nbe nerto o ciae resilience climate of elements intheDistrictPlanacross allschemesandadministrative affairs. integration enable to officer/ Panchayat Zila an informed and Municipalities need (DPC), Committee Planning District with coordination close will in work to team Department Environment The Magistrate. District the of office the by elevated and strengthened empowered, be to needs a holistic resilient development of the district, District Environment Department for departments various Toamongst convergenceresilience. coordinate building stateand centre, at the district level, which can be leveraged to implement actions andinstitutions that will contribute to schemes policies, various exist There 4.1 InstitutionalSet-upforDCRPatDistrictLevel government andextensionservice agencies. all by intervention and support of sectorspreferred made are these if people the benefit would it hence, tourism, and agriculture on relying primarily is Jhansi of district The areas. those in development skill and allocation budget schemes, of the implementation customised enable and inform would government.This state the to recognition appropriate district, the potential in of climate-resilient development livelihoods in those sectors needs of to be accorded mix by the Given targets need tobesetinconsultation with thepublicstakeholders inthedistrict. resilience framework with indicators and steps for district departments while the the provide sections following The indicators. proposed and targets of basis the community and form of action steps and progress on each resilience priority can be monitored on planning administration between resilience needs in the context of changing alignment climate. The gaps can be framed in the of status the climate each evaluating continuously for for basis/framework needed the provide can approach priority resilience the against planning existing of Mapping 4.2 Planning&ImplementationwithIndicators forClimateResilience as aninput. DPC the by formally adopted while Department, Environment of officer nodal is regularly updated every 3 years in consultation with stakeholders, facilitated by and organogram the in position district Its administration approach is suggested to DPC. be that of an advisory role, the which of by role Plan its District perform to the City informing Smart and the package for relief launched drought initiatives as special such Climatedistrict Change any integratePlan on as well Action as State U.P. the of on (SAPCC) tobuild need will DCRP The See Annexure 4.1for institutionalset-uprequired indistrictplanning.

Page 31 54 Page 32 54 4.2.1 Resilience PlanningFramework forJhansiDistrict 1. S.No. Sufficiency Water Drinking Priority Resilience Climate monitoring ofwater-works; implementation and convergence inplanning, and inter-departmental community participation Upyog Niti(JJSUN)”for “Jila Jal Sanrakshan Aevam usage guidance document water conservation and development ofadistrict (ii) Participatory and projected deficit; water sources forexisting along withmappingof requirements inthedistrict existing andfuture water (i) Assessment of Resilience Building DistrictClimate Programmatic Approach to framework ofJJSUN; within theimplementation and Gram Panchayats applicable toJal Sansthan accountability mechanism user responsiveness and progress, transparency, targets, indicators of (iii) Settinggoals, Resilience Indicators ofClimate each water source; population supported by storage structures, and of traditional water new construction bodies rejuvenated, of existingwater trend inproportion (iii) increasing available; per litre ofwater made trend inexpenditure district anddecreasing water available tothe recycled andreused with ratio ofwater treated, (ii) increasing trend in drinking andsanitation; adequate water for receiving safeand trend inpopulation usage andincreasing priority usesexceeds (i) water availability for and communications (vi) Integrated monitoring interventions combining – availability through holistic (v) Enhancingwater JJSUN; meet theirgoals setasper Panchayats forthemto Sansthan andGram advisory supporttoJal financing, andprofessional capacity, results-based provision fortechnical (iv) Makingadequate at thedistrictlevel. enhance water availability investment ofresources to coordinated planningand philanthropy andNGOsfor from private sector (vii) Engaging stakeholders levels; conditions atblockandGP normal anddrought water availability during groundwater andsurface plan tokeep track of treatment; contaminated water supply system,andwaste/ recharge, drought-proof decentralised groundwater infrastructure costs for methods withlow • traditional andmodern • green cover requirement ofthedistrict • topology levels; municipal ward andGP of functionalWUAs at WUAs aswellratio district departments and adoption ofJJSUNby iv) Participation and framework. the JJSUNguidance availability under sources inwater private andNGO from government, (viii) amountinvested availability levels; response tofallingwater to supporttimely communications plan of monitoringand (vii) performance availability; for enhancingwater of recommendations of implementation R&D aswellstatus in district-specific (vi) amountinvested per JJSUN; Jal SansthanandGPsas performance report by annual actionplanand (v) publicdisclosure of

Page 33 54 Page 34 54 2. Resilience and Livestock Productivity Agriculture changing climateconditions; et althatwouldthrivein husbandry, poultry, fisheries, seeds, horticulture, animal climate-resilient indigenous fruit trees, high-value crops, options intheformoforganic agri-pastoral farmforestry of value-added, aridzone locally-relevant knowledge (iv) Ensuringaccess to respectively; and inputsavailability, district’s average farmsize methods suitabletothe farm equipment andfarming cost-effective, innovative (iii) Ensuringreal access to tanks rejuvenation; projects ortraditional water canals andminorirrigation as watershed development, evaluation ofalloptionssuch rigorous andparticipatory farm through regular, (ii) Ensuringwater toeach income; nutrition needs andtarget breeds tomeet farmer seeds, fertilisersandlivestock including nativeresilient input elementsandlivestock use andqualityoffarm climate suitability, efficient (i) Focus needs tobeon manufacturing andskilled of workforce employed in of nationalaverage income income increased tolevel (i) Average monthly climate impacts; reporting crop loss from (iv) Proportion offarmers dryland farming; adopting organic and agriculture systems, diversifying crops and (iii) Proportion offarmers etc; countries ofOECD, China, with agriculture producing consuming water atpar (ii) Proportion offarms jobs; products. as marketing oforganic farm of organic farminputsaswell low-cost andcustomised supply medium enterprisesforquick, economy based smalland (x) Promoting local agro- supply chainintermediaries; addressing excessive presence of on investmenttofarmerswhile access rulestoincrease returns pricing policies,andmarket (ix) Reforming landleasing laws, seed banksandlivestockrearing; integrated drylandagriculture, economies ofscale through cooperatives/SHGs forachieving of smallplotsandfarmer (viii) Encouraging clustering quick relief toaffected farmers; comprehensive compensation/ climate impactsaswellfor for reducing risksfrom (vii) Riskresponse measures irrigation andlivestock; schemes related toagriculture, convergence amongstvarious SAPCC andJJSUNthrough implementation ofC-DAP, (vi) Participatory andcustomised infrastructure; low-cost RE-powered storage services as wellassubsidised/ required extensionandfinancial (v) Makingprovision for per scheme; taken toreceive benefit as wellaverage time one ormore schemes farmers benefitted from (v) Proportion of schemes; as welldesignof on weather forfarming relevance ofinformation accuracy offorecast, and taken todisseminate, (ix) Average time farmers; to hybridbreeds with ratio ofresilient native hospitals aswell by health camps and (viii) Livestockcoverage area covered; rupee spentaswell utilised perunitof water supplied and irrigation projects for (vii) Efficiencyof periodically levels measured (vii) Adequate nutrition local agro-economy; proportion ofSMEsin cooperatives aswell active inproducer smallholding farmers (vi) Proportion of

Page 35 54 Page 36 54 3. Security and Income Options Livelihood includes supporttoensure unemployment benefit.This as wellinterimlivelihoods/ and water security, healthcare interventions regarding food cropping season forurgent prone tomigration every (iii) Surveyrequired ofvillages income ofskilled workforce; to be lower than national average farm income projection isgoing workforce rate perday iftheir every crop season atskilled minimum days ofemployment (ii) Allregistered farmerstoget exhaustive evaluation ofoptions; required inparticipatoryand livelihood developmentplanning Additionally, districtpriority to address distress migration. mutually informed interventions coordinated, complementary and water, andrural healthcare need (i) Livelihood,access tofoodand unemployment benefit; labour, migration helpdeskand seasonal livelihoods, dailywage This includesinterimjobs/ becomes climate-resilient. up aswellagriculture livelihoods andSMEspicks local economy withsecondary transition planningisneeded till (iv) District-levellivelihood schemes suchasMGNREGS; eligibility forlivelihoodoriented jobs; manufacturing andskilled of workforce employed in national average income increased tolevelof income of farmers (i) Average monthly economy; priority sectors inlocal of MSMEsforidentified (iv) Increase inproportion year onyear; permanent formdeclines as welltemporary vs numbers andpercentage (iii) Migration inabsolute national average; increased tolevelof income inthedistrict (ii) Average monthly 4. Healthcare Access to and Nutrition district; by seeking familiesacross the adequate access tonutritious food processes toensure timelyand well asstreamlining ofgovernment foods forresilience andhealth as diverse foodsystemsandnative security programs tobeonlocally (i) Focus ofnutritionandfood farmers. be giventoventures involvinglocal in bankingandfinancialservices to local population.Preferred status nurturing offinancialfinesse in business from inclusionand sensitised forbenefitstotheir (viii) Banksinthedistricttobe returns andlivelihoodcreation; flowers toend consumers for higher especially vegetables, fruitsand purchase offarmersproduce, (vii) Encourage competition in nutrition; to bepromoted forenterpriseand (vi) Resilient breeds oflivestock panels andirrigation systems; marketing ofagro produce, solar agriculture andallied livelihoods, sectors identified aspriority, viz. implementation ofschemesin training. Thiswillenablesuccessful services, market access andskills required infrastructure, financial at micro andsmallscale through (v) Promotion oflocal enterprises produce; keen toselltheir options forfarmers (v) Increase insale the BMIofchildren; attendance enhancing and booksforhigher such asfree uniforms and otherincentives health-check ups with mid-day meal, (i) Numberofschools financial services. enterprises accessing farmers andtheir (vi) Proportion of

Page 37 54 Page 38 54 space andtimethrough women (v) Encouraging optimaluseof farming; incentives topromote organic access andretirement income to children, healthcare, market social welfare, free education farmers andconsumers through (iv) Preferred statustoorganic covering 100%ofthepopulation; schemes inacost-effective way complement government health to bemadeavailable to and systems,ofawidevariety including traditional medicines (iii) Healthcare facilities, measures; with remedies andpreventive weather andvector issues along change regarding projected interiors, ateveryseasonal information, includingin (ii) Mechanism todisseminate preserved. in drought periodstobe nutritious value andavailability (vi) Forest produce with public spaces; anganwadis, offices, andother foods andcooking inschools, SHGs growing nutritious dissemination mechanism covered byinformation (ii) Numberofvillages stunting. focus onmalnutritionand population, withspecial categories ofthedistrict age groups andgender average forvarious improvement inBMI (vi) Year-on-year nutritious foods monitored access to government providing benefitting from dependent communities (v) Proportion offorest the district; producing organic foodin farmers andwomenSHGs (iv) Proportion oforganic schemes; systems andgovernment facilities forallmedicine population byhealthcare (iii) Coverage ratio of 5. Balance Ecological pressure onnatural resources. community engagement toreduce (iv) Population management and industrialisation; small enterprisesoverlarge-scale preference tosustainablemicro and local preferences andskillswith investments tobeinformed by (iii) Livelihooddevelopment incorporated indistrictpolicy; natural resource exploitationare concerns tolandusechange and regional language toensure public and recurring consultations in (ii) Open,inclusive,transparent balance; participatory processes forrestoring development goals (SDGs)through to beintegrated withsustainable (i) Development andlanduseplans being achieved; wildlife count are forestland area and targets toenhance (i) Year-on-year requirements. to population are proportionate climate change health impactsof nutrition and farm productivity; key toprotect (iv) Natural resources consent; is backed bypublic industrial project infrastructure and (iii) Everymajor achieved; indicators are being (ii) Relevant SDG

Page 39 54 Page 40 54 in respective sections foreach ClimateResilience Priority from sections 3.1to3.5. Planning Framework. These steps are proposed in brief while their details are provided This table provides action steps by concerned departments to implement the Resilience 4.2.2 Resilience PlanImplementationbyDistrictDepartments &Officials Sufficiency Water Drinking Priority 1: Priority Resilience Climate interventions for enhancingwater availability; challenges tocoordinate research, projects and companies tolearn aboutJJSUNanddistrict (vii) Organise eventsinvitingNGOsand Sansthan; with real timecommunication toWUAs andJal (vi) Monthlymonitoringofgroundwater levels laws inoldandnewconstruction; groundwater recharge through incentives and (v) Promote rain-water harvesting (RWH) and maintenance andanti-encroachment drives; surface dykes/ check damsaswellensure (iv) Buildtraditional water tanks,ponds,sub- Sansthan; requiring NOCfrom affected WUAs and Jal and householdswithceiling on extraction, (iii) ApplyWater Conservation Fee on industries Sansthan andZilaParishad; technical, financialandadvisorysupportto Jal and financialinstitutions(FIs)forprovision of (ii) EstablishMoUs withagencies ofexpertise quantity; projected water requirements aswellavailable ward/block levelsafterassessment ofexistingand (i) Facilitate creation of“JJSUN”andWUAs at Actions Needed toBuildResilience Mission Sanitation Water & (iii) District (ii) NURM IWMP (i) NRDWP & Missions - Schemes/ (ii) Jal Sansthan Committee Planning (i) District Departments - Applicable & Schemes Departments Implementing Security and Income Options Livelihood Priority 3: Resilience Livestock and Productivity Agriculture Priority 2: (iii) Facilitate creation offarmcooperatives for context; design andimplementationsuited tolocal development projects aswellinformschemes to plansuitableirrigation andwatershed water requirements aswellavailable quantity levels forassessment ofexistingandprojected including GPs/elected village leaders atblock (ii) Facilitate creation of“JJSUN”andWUAs climate resilience; to agriculture andallied sectors performance and and schemesbyrelevant departmentsconnected force forconvergence between various policies (i) EstablishDistrictAgriculture Income Task- projects; consultation toinformschemes,incentives and singular livelihoodtosecondary choices inpublic development planincludingtransition from (i) Develop districtprioritylivelihood ensure convergence forefficientuse of resources. decision-making andtools,aswellapproach to leaders onrisks,solutions,schemes,participatory (v) Regular training forofficers andelected (MSMEs); based micros, smallandmedium enterprises as wellfinancialservices foragro-economy livestock, horticulture andotherallied activities, climate-resilient solutionsforfarminputs, (iv) Organise blocklevelfairsandcamps on on risksandclimate-resilient solutions; district andblock-specific research andtraining marketing toendconsumers, andincentivise economies ofscale withequipment and methods andfarminputsupplies,achieving clustering offarms,developefficientfarming Husbandry (iv) Animal (iii) Irrigation (ii) Horticulture (i) Agriculture Departments - development (iv) Skill Husbandry (iii) Animal (ii) Horticulture (i) Agriculture Departments - SAPCC (iii) C-DAP and PMKSY (iii) KUSUM, Farming on Organic Program (ii) National Agriculture Sustainable Mission for (i) National Missions - Schemes/

Page 41 54 Page 42 54 Access to and Nutrition Priority 4: Healthcare premises. SHGs toproduce nutrition foodsintheavailable healthcare alongwithformationofwomen Teachers onprimarystepsfornutritionand (iv) Training toAnganwadi Workers and steps planned; and BMIlevelsineveryvillage/town withnext on water qualityandavailability, malnutrition, (iii) Datauploaded onmission websitesmonthly on nutritionandtreatment forremote villages; health surveystofocusgovernment interventions (ii) Mobilehealth vans andcamps for BMI& and budgets; administration toensure convergence inschemes under direct supervisionbyhead ofdistrict (i) Primacy tonutritionsecurity andhealthcare affordable and/orfree of cost training; (v) Skilltraining institutestobesetupfor market access andtechnical expertisesupport; forms andstages ofthesupplychainwith credit, promote breakthroughs inrural economy inall (iv) Establish‘Gram Innovation’ festivals to every village; credit andeligibilitydocumentationcamps in (iii) Establishlivelihoodschemesawareness, season; helpdesks atvarious publicspaces intheaffected KVK andtechnical institutionsaswellsetup migration prone villages incollaboration with farm incomes percropping season anddistress (ii) Establishprocess forsurveyofprojected (ii) MGNREGS Antyodaya (i) Mission Missions - Schemes/ package Bundelkhand (iv) Day Meal, PDS (iii) ICDS,Mid- Health Mission (ii) National Mission Nutrition (i) National Missions - Schemes/ (iii) Education (ii) Informatics (i) Health Departments - Balance Ecological Priority 5: on convergence andcoherence inschemes academics andfieldpractitioners foradvice (iv) Engage thematic/sectoral expertsfrom and governing bodies; inclusive governance inthedistrictbyallentities (iii) Initiateaculture ofconsultative and Smart Cityinitiatives; (ii) Develop districtplaninsyncwithSDGsand comprehensive stakeholder consultation; as no-go zoneswithanyamendmentafter i) Demarcate critical habitatsforlocal ecology the districtplanismade. implementation andinvestmentplanningafter (iii) DPC (ii) Forests (i) Environment Departments - Habitat Mission (ii) Sustainable Mission (i) Green India Missions - Schemes/ (v) Revenue (iv) Jal Sansthan

PagePage 43 43 54 55 Page 44 55 Page 44 54 Annexures and C 5 ase Studiesase Annexure 3.1.3-SustainabilityofWater Sources to sustaindrinkingwater sources - structuressustainability appropriately locating to view a with Plan Sustainability are steps suggestedsub-surfacedykes, following the The for etc.). preparation a of and rainwater capture surface can water runoff, and/or help recharge ground water like ooranis, check dams, which structures infrastructure- physical and (Building consumption) tasks and oriented availability balancing for plan to need user-oriented include the and wastage water sustainability avoiding recharge, for need on awareness source (raising actions ensure to Interventions priority. resilience climate important most the is sources water drinking of Sustainability for judiciousandequitable useofwater; 7. Watershed Development Programmes; 6. expert services) andinstitutionalising thesystem; 5. evaporation losses) androof topharvestingwithpeople’s participation; 4. hydro geo morphological studyofthearea; 3. and qualityaffected areas, identification andtesting of allsources there; year the of part or whole the in stress water with areas blocks, semi-critical 2. conjunctive useofrainwater, groundwater andsurface water sources; 1. Water Users Associations (WUAs) for every water body need to be formed be to need body water every for (WUAs)WaterAssociations Users and MNREGS NRDWP-Sustainability, converging by Plan the Financing of (optimising provision through impounding (including capacities water building estimates, Preparing recharge, for plan a of Preparation - unit watershed/aquifer/hydrological micro respective the Identifying and critical ofover-exploited, to -Identification source areas single difficult Prioritising a on dependence from move should habitations All 3. 2. 1. plants as per the waste generated and promote grey water recycling. Establish cost-effective organic/inorganic wastewater treatment water availability; multi-village (orforest) supplygridsforensuringsafedrinking Build “water ATMs” and(water holesforwildlife)alongwith bodies; Guards tobeemployed byWUAs formonitoringofthewater

Page 45 54 Page 46 54 in Gujarat are successfully operating the24x7water supplysystem. abandoned the practice of storing water to cover several days’ needs. Now, 125 villages people because primarily occurred water of consumption in reduction 7,900.The Rs. day or a decrease in one-third of the previous electricity bill; an annual saving of about of the water previously distributed. Power consumption reduced too by 4.39 units per 250 litres perhousehold,thussaving 25,000litres perdaywhich represents 38percent When each household was household. assured of per 24x7 supply, day the consumption per per household reducedlitres to 400 around was water the of and consumption day average a hours two about for available was water supply the 24x7 2006, adopted in village system supply the Before litres. 20,000 of sump one and of litres (ESR) 50,000 Reservoir Storage Elevated an is capacity storage total The village. the to pipe water supply system – supplement each other to ensure regular safe water supply watersupply. Narmada 24x7 and enjoy well and village’s a The sources – of two water connections tap have to households 160 all allows which system, distribution water a developed has It 2006. in system decentralisedsupply managedwaterthe community embraced that village a is Gujarat, TalukaSurendranagarDistrict, Chuda in of Jepar CASE STUDY 2:ConjunctiveUse ofwater are beinglevied andcollected inalltheschemes. Water tariffs have been fixed BGs. appropriately, the corresponding by to O&M years) expenditures,five and than more for now these of (many maintained and being operated now are commissioned and completed schemes Equally supply enhanced. water are the important, schemes the of sustainability and process ownership the entire their in whereby involved actively beneficiaries for the manpower making especially and local resources, construction, inmobilising helped also approach This less percent transparency.and 15 construction quality good (about ensuring estimates), approved costs the than construction the in reduction the substantial in for resulted responsible be to communities implementation empowering and management of of the water supply value systems. Community contracting the demonstrated inthe adopted system contracting implementation community of the Jalanidhi Rural Water The Supply Project in Kerala unskilled. has successfully and skilled both – workers directly local employing own, (BGs) their on schemes Groups the construct engaging and Beneficiary materials procure of systems, supply instead water Kerala, the in build to Project contractors Supply Water Rural Jalanidhi the Under CASE STUDY 1:BeneficiaryGroups executing andmaintainingschemes Annexure 3.2.2–Irrigation underClimateChange Constraints 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. redressal system. needs tobeestablished through real-time datacollection andcomplaint Canals water monitoring for discharge, silt management, timely repairs et al flooding method; Promote dripandsprinklerirrigation technologies overtraditional farm trenches indrought prone areas, toreduce evaporation losses from soil; practices like contour bunding,vegetative barriers,andpercolation ponds/ Based onsoilhealth card, promote water andsoilmoisture conservation shading ofwater surfaces; shelter beltsofsuitabletree species around water bodiesorbyartificially instead ofasingleshallowsheet whenthereservoir ispartlyused; develop water isused, sothatthere are somefullcompartments andsomeempty, reservoir andpumpingthewater from onecompartment toanotherasthe be reduced by increasing storage depth; storage of water in a compartmented In order toreduce evaporation losses from water bodies, surface area can reducing theirsurface area exposure byincreasing theirdepthisneeded; To reduce loss ofwater duringdistributionincanals, liningofcanals and of newones,withspecial focusonmasonrycheck dams; utilised through restoration/re-modelling of existing projects and completion There isaneed to reduce gap between irrigation potentialcreated and

Page 47 54 Page 48 54 time data,process itandmake local decisions andregulate water use. demonstrates the power of building capacity of local organisations to collect real project This agriculture. from incomes the losing without other the or form one havehabitations 638 adoptedthe voluntarily waterin farmers saving in methods 55% in reduced has HUs,remainedHUs 31% increasedconstantin HUs.and 14% 4800 in About only pumping groundwater the 58HUs of out Similarly, HUs. 9% in only decreased and HUs 34% in constant remained HUs, 57% in increased has balance groundwater the (HUs) Units Hydrological 53 of Out 2008. from to 2005 period 3year short a in situation overall the in changes significant to led have efforts The potential. recharge groundwater enhance to measures recharge crop planning and availabilitywater entitlements, the suit to crops changing (CWB), waterbudget water on decisions own their make the collectively empowered to has farmers knowledge This season. each in availability water ground potential the calculate to sources two these from data use and collect to trained measure the depth of groundwater in observation wells. The farmers’ groups were to scale rope long the is second The areas. their in rainfall the measure to gauge rainwater is the first The devices. measurement key two introduced project The making. decision collective and budgeting water on (HUs) Units Hydrological main The depletion. groundwater of intervention problem of the project the is the capacity over building of the farmers tiding in the catchment for pumping, in residing reducegroundwaterto steps farmers of number a taken voluntarily have habitations 638 of thousands Pradesh, Andhra of districts prone drought seven In self-regulation. voluntary to leading change behavioural is premise key project’s (APFAMGS) Systems Groundwater Managed Farmer Pradesh Andhra watershed oraquiferahydrological unitlevel CASE STUDY 1-Activecommunity andPRIparticipationinvillages ata feed, guidance andextensionsupport,equipment andsubsidised inputs have helped. an activity of commercial benefit. Promotional activities like providing seedlings, fish into turn can this experience, MP the from evident as underway already is which of business, finance the Nonetheless,control with concerted fisherfolk. some the action, well-off landlords, who pay the fisherfolk daily wages. In some cases, middlemen, who The fisherfolk themselves do not own the boats or nets they societies. use; these these of are owned most control by landlords the big but societies cooperative fisherfolks to Fishing is the traditional occupation of Scheduled Caste groups. Fishing leases are given Fisheries urban areas ofBundelkhandtogenerate sustainablelivelihoods. new innovative uses for it are coming up across the world which can be introduced in carpet industry in the 19th century. The coarse wool had gone down in demand though woollen sizable a had which district, Jhansi in population, sheep high a traditionally was there and India, of breeds sheep recognised best the of one is sheep Jalauni The Sheep mortality. of units Goat insurance. to have discontinued due ones hybrid provided with those breedslocal while flourish the for pay to had they and cost of free goats distributed were farmers Package, Bundelkhand the through 2011-12, In breeds. foreign feed to they survive better. Local breeds are easily fed in the open jungle, while it is expensive better, since been have breeds mixed local from Profits shrubs. and bushes of growth largea terrainwith undulating Bundelkhand, the extremelyof to variety suitable and income with relatively low investment. Large sized goatery assuredis not common and though it quick is relatively them providing required, when them, sell and milk for goats few a keep households most and households rural in popular quite is Goatery Goatery Annexure 3.3–LivelihoodOptions

Page 49 54 Page 50 54 Role ofFocal pointofficer forDCRP– Annexure 4.1–Institutionalset-upforDCRP 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 2. 1. can workwithinexistingprograms whenplanningforclimatechange. Use existingresources thatprovide guidance onhowdistrictdepartments and local stakeholders toaddress climatepreparedness; Develop local or regional task forces or committees comprised of key officials Report periodically totheDMandDPC (suggested: every6months). district administration andcommunity audiences; Communicate aboutclimateadaptationandcommunity vulnerabilities to resources foractionsthatincrease local andregional resiliency; leadership tobeableadviseonimplementationplansandbudgeting Access toandrelationship withtheMunicipalityandZilaPanchayat updates andservetoadvance adaptationandmitigation strategies; Organise meetings across departmentsthatwillprovide climate-related vulnerabilities and progress on advance adaptation and mitigation strategies; Update informationrelated toclimatepredictions, projected impacts, mandate tointegrate themineverydepartment’s orscheme’s functioning. through nodal Climate Change and SDG officer at district level who has the Sustainable consumption and production (SCP)principlestobepromoted representative groups; practice solutionstovarious departments,policymakers, media andpublic of latestapplicable scientific/analytical informationand;providing best climate change onecosystem, economy andsociety;ensuringdissemination district levelforcommissioning district-specific research onimpactsof Establish ClimateChange CellunderEnvironment departmentatthe Referenc 6

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