13-96. 2006 the Surface Area of the State of Mato Grosso

OTANY

/ B Rev. Biol. Neotrop. 3(1): 13-96. 2006 OTÂNICA B A SYNOPSIS OF THE R UBIACEAE OF THE STATES OF MATO GROSSO AND MATO GROSSO DO SUL , B RAZIL , WITH A KEY TO GENERA, AND A PRELIMINARY SPECIES LIST

PIERO GIUSEPPE DELPRETE Federal University of Goiás, Campus II, Institute of Biological Sciences - ICB-1, Department of General Biology/Botany, 74001-970 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; email: [email protected]

ROCIO C ORTÉS -B. Herbario Forestal, Universidad Distrital “Francisco José de Caldas”, Apartado 20305, Bogo- tá, Colombia; email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT: The vegetation of the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, located in Central-Wes- tern Brazil, is undergoing rapid devastation due to escalating land use in the Cerrado Biome, and to the impact of timber companies in the Amazonian portion of Mato Grosso. Therefore, it is of extreme urgency to assess the diversity of plant and animal species present, in order to plan the appropriate measures for conservation efforts in these states. The Rubiaceae is one of the largest plant families of the area studied, and an updated list of genera and species is provided here. However, this study should be considered as a work in progress, due to the scarce knowledge of the ﬂora of this area. An extensive study of bibliography and herbarium material provided the basic information for an updated synopsis of genera and a preliminary species list of the Rubiaceae encountered in the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, with a total of 68 genera and 269 species. A key to the genera, as well as a full 13 description, synonymy and critical literature of each genus are provided. In addition, an extensive list of synonyms from the area studied and from most of the Neotropics, is given for each species.

KEY WORDS : Brazil, ﬂora, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rubiaceae.

RESUMO : A vegetação dos Estados de Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul, localizados no Centro-Oeste do Brasil, está sendo submetida a um rápido processo de devastação, devido ao uso exponencial do solo no Bioma Cerrado, e ao impacto das companhias madereiras na porção amazônica do Mato Grosso. Por isso, é de extrema urgência a catalogação da diversidade de espécies de plantas e animais presentes, com o objetivo de programar as medidas apropriadas para a conservação nestes estados. As Rubiaceae representam uma das maiores famílias na área estudada, e uma lista atualizada de gêneros e espécies é aqui apresentada. Ao mesmo tempo, este estudo deve ser considerado como um trabalho em andamen- to, devido ao escasso conhecimento da ﬂora desta área. Um estudo extenso de bibliograﬁa e de material de herbário foi a base de informação para uma sinopse atualizada dos gêneros e uma listagem prelimi- nar das espécies de Rubiaceae encontradas nos Estados de Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul, por um total de 68 gêneros e 269 espécies. São aqui apresentados pela primeira vez uma descrição completa, lista de sinônimos e literatura crítica para cada gênero, e uma chave dicotomica para a determinação dos gêneros. Além disso, cada espécie é complementada por uma listagem de sinônimos relacionados com a área de estudo e com a maioria dos Neotrópicos.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE : Brasil, ﬂora, Rubiaceae, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, .

INTRODUCTION

The surface area of the state of Mato 2006); the total of 1,260,482.8 km 2 represents Grosso (MT) is 903,357.9 km 2, and that of Mato about 14% of the Brazilian territory. Several Grosso do Sul (MS) is 357,124.9 km 2 (IBGE, historical ex plorations have been undertaken by famous naturalists in “Matto Grosso” (as it powerful model for the study of vegetation, was called at that time, and including the two with many species that can be used as eco- present states), usually as part of a larger trips logical indicators for the analysis of areas of into the interior of Brazil. The rst naturalist to endemism, and for conservation biology. This set foot in this state was Alexandre Rodrigues biome is undergoing rapid devastation due to Ferreira in 1788 (Ferreira, 1970, 1975; Falcão, escalating land use, mostly because of soybe- 1970), followed by Riedel in 1825-1826, bota- an plantations and cattle ranching. It is esti- nist of the Langsdorff expedition (Silva, 1997, mated that less than 10% of the natural area 1998), Weddell in 1843-1845, botanist of the is left in MT and MS, and urgent conservation Castelnau expedition (Castelnau, 1850-1855), programs are necessary. and Tamberlik (year of the expedition unk- The second biome present in this area is nown). However, the rst extensive botanical the Pantanal, the largest wetland of the pla- exploration in Mato Grosso was accomplished net. It extends from Bolivia and Paraguay to by Spencer Le M. Moore, during 1891-1892. Brazil, with the largest portion located in the As a result of this expedition, Moore (1895) latter country. According to Silva & Moura published an extensive report about his iti- (1998) the Brazilian portion of the Pantanal nerary, geography, ecology, climatology and encompasses approximately 138,183 km 2, vegetation of Mato Grosso, which represented with about 65% in MS and 35% in MT. A com- the basic reference for subsequent botanical plete description of this area can be found in studies undertaken in the 20th century. Three Por (1995) and Swarts (2000). The vegetation major biomes are present in these two states: of the Pantanal is highly variable, ranging Cerrado, Pantanal, and the Amazonian Basin, from permanently !ooded areas, seasonally which are brie!y discussed below. inundated grasslands, gallery forests to sea- Regarding the Brazilian Cerrado, Men- sonally dry forests. The plant diversity in the donça et al. (1998) presented a checklist of Pantanal is poorly known. Pott & Pott (1994) 14 6,062 species of !owering plants; however, collected about 1,700 species of terrestrial !o - other estimates cite a much higher number of wering plants in the Brazilian Pantanal during species. For example, Castro et al. (1992, 1995) a period of ten years. They beautifully illus- suggested between 5,268 and 7,024 species, trated 500 of them in their book, which is also while Grisebach (apud Ule, 1894) estimated one of the primary references for the present 10,000 species. However, the most complete work. In a subsequent work, the same authors checklist produced remains that of Mendonça (Pott & Pott, 2000) published a comprehensi- et al. (1998), where the Rubiaceae are ranked ve book on aquatic and semi-aquatic plants of as fth in size, with 47 genera and 250 species, the Pantanal, where they described and illus- after the Leguminosae (777 spp.), Asteraceae trated 247 species. However, the number of (557 spp.), Orchidaceae (491 spp.) and Poa- plant species present in this biome is not yet ceae (371 spp.). Aside from this, in the Cerra- fully studied. This environment is also under do Biome, the Rubiaceae are represented by imminent threats, mostly due to extensive cat- all kinds of habits, from annual or perennial tle ranching. Although conservation programs herbs, subshrubs, geofrutices, shrubs (with have recently been initiated in the Pantanal, many rheophytic species), small to tall trees, much remains to be done in order to preserve to lianas, and are present in all vegetation this unique environment. types, i.e., cerrado sensu stricto , dry campos, se- The third biome of the area studied is the asonally !ooded campos, seasonally !ooded Amazonian Hylaea, present in the northern woodlands, rocky outcrops ( campos rupestres ), portion of Mato Grosso. Although several ex- savanna woodland ( cerradão ), gallery forests, peditions have been made in this area (e.g., evergreen forests, seasonal forests, semi-de- Hoehne, 1914, 1923, 1951; Prance & Schaller, ciduous forests, forest islands, swamps, and 1982; Ratter et al., 1989), this remains the most pond margins (Dubs, 1992; Prance & Schaller, poorly known portion of the state. This is 1982; Ratter et al., 1989). For the above rea- mostly due to the difculty of access, as the sons, the family Rubiaceae also represents a majority of the remote Amazonian areas can be reached only by river course. Within this species are complemented with an extensive area, many little-explored white sand areas list of synonyms of taxa with type specimens are also present, which are renowned for their from the area studied and, to an extent, from many endemic species. No estimate number most of the Neotropics. In addition, the !oris - of plant species is available for this area, whi- tic treatments recently published by Delprete ch needs most urgent exploration in MT. The et al. (2004, 2005) and Taylor et al. (2004) have Amazonian forests of this state are under the also been of much help for the delimitations of relentless advancement of timber exploita- many species occurring in this area. In order tion. It is probably subject to the fastest des- to keep this treatment succinct, we opted to truction rate of any Brazilian state within the eliminate the bibliographic references of the Amazon Basin. Although some vast territories taxa cited in synonymy. For the same reasons, of MT have been set aside for conservation, es- we decided to eliminate the specimen cita- pecially reserves dedicated to the protection tions for each species. As a result of this exten- of indigenous tribes, as the Parque Indigena sive bibliographic study and the many recent do Xingu, and the Indigenous Territories of collections that have become available, many Pareci, Nambikwara, Enawewnê-Nawê, Serra species were added to the initial checklist. At Morena, and Zoró. However, much remains the same time, several species were removed to be done for the biodiversity assessment and from the original list because of misidentied the conservation of Amazonian Mato Grosso. material, and some other taxa were reduced Recent information about habitat fragmenta- to synonymy as more material became avai- tion, proposed ecological corridors, sustaina- lable for the denition and delimitation of the ble management, biodiversity related to indi- species studied. In addition, species common- genous communities, and agroecology in MT ly cultivated are included in the treatment, as and MS can be found in Costa (2003). botanical collections might be realized in se- Following the invitation of Balthasar condary vegetation of abandoned farm land, Dubs, project coordinator of the Prodromus or they might be rarely naturalized (e.g., Co- 15 Florae Matogrossensis ( PFM ), our study on ffea arabica ). the Rubiaceae of Mato Grosso was initiated Complete descriptions of all genera in 1999 to update the revision of this family. were also added in the present treatment, A preliminary checklist of 50 genera and 234 which were produced by describing the ma- species was available from the rst edition of terial from area studied, as well as from conti- the PFM (Dubs, 1998), with plant names and guous states. In addition, a key to the genera synonyms checked by Daniela Zappi (K), that has also been included, in order to facilitate was of much help for the realization of the the process of identication of new collections present work. This study was later expanded in MT and MS. The descriptions of the genera by the coordinator, in order to include both Duroia , Genipa , and Kutchubaea were updated states of Mato Grosso (MT) and Mato Grosso following an unpublished manuscript of Cla- do Sul (MS). Since 1999, we undertook a de- es Persson (in Delprete, submitted). tailed analysis of the available literature and In conclusion, the present work inclu- made several visits to the herbaria with lar- des: 1) a key to the Rubiaceae genera found ge collections from the study area, which are in MT and MS, 2) a description and full sy- listed in the acknowledgments. The literature nonymy of the 68 genera present in the area used for the identication and updating of the studied, 3) a species list for each genus, with species list is cited below each genus descrip- complete synonymy, for a total of 269 species tion. The generic delimitations are based on known to occur in the study area, and 4) a ci- recent phylogenetic studies and monographic tation for most of the critical literature for all treatments, when available. All the species the genera. listed below were checked either by personal In addition, because of the large number of synonyms included in the present work, a determination of herbarium specimens, or list of accepted taxa, synonyms, and invalid by obtaining the information from monogra- names, as recognized by the authors, is pre- phic treatments written by specialists. All the sented in Appendix 1. Finally, it should be emphasized that this preliminary work will serve as a stimulus this is a work in progress, and many more for more eld work, as well as for the necessa - taxa are expected to be found in the large area ry training of a new generation of much nee- studied, especially in the Amazonian portion ded taxonomists. of the state of Mato Grosso. It is our hope that

KEY TO THE GENERA OF MATO GROSSO AND MATO GROSSO DO SUL

1. Herbs or subshrubs, erect (non-climbing), prostrate or decumbent. 2. Fruits with 2 seeds. 3. Fruits !eshy at maturity. 4. Herbs or subshrubs, erect. 5. Leaves 4 per node; corolla rotate, greenish or cream-colored...... 25. Galium 5. Leaves opposite or whorled, 3-6 per node; stipules interpetiolar, narrow, or absent, subulate-linear, or mucroniform, or reduced to an interpetiolar line, sometimes divided into 3 setae or 1-toothed; corolla infundibuliform or hypocrateriform, pale blue to pale purplish-blue...... 16. Declieuxia 4. Herbs, erect (non-climbing), prostrate or decumbent. 6. Leaves long-petiolate, opposite; blades cordate; stipules ovate, usually re!exed; fruits round or ellipsoid, slightly twisted, red to orange-red, !eshy...... 28. Geophila 6. Leaves sessile, 4-8 per node (because of stipules with the same shape and size of the leaves), or rarely opposite, in this case with the stipules reduced to an interpetiolar line; blades lanceolate, linear or liform; fruit bilobed, orange or 16 white, spongy...... 25. Galium 3. Fruits dry at maturity. 7. Fruit indehiscent, or longitudinally dehiscent (septicidal), or schizocarpic, dividing into 2 mericarps (not transversally dehiscent). 8. In!orescence terminal, cymose, thyrsoid or rarely 2-3-chasial (rarely monocha - sial), frequently terminating with small corymbs or rarely in glomerules, or as an interrupted spike-like, with sessile glomerules, these sessile and terminal ( G. brasiliensis ) ...... 24. Galianthe 8. Flowering branches with 1-15 globose, multi!orous glomerules, commonly subtended by 2 or 4 leaf-like bracts, equal or subequal, sometimes absent, or as !owering branches with 1-12 terminal and/or axillary, 1- or few-!owered fascicles. 9. Fruit capsular, dehiscent (septicidal) at the basal or distal portion, with both cocci dehiscent or indehiscent, separating basally or distally at full maturity, or with one dehiscent coccus and the other indehiscent and separating distally or down to about half at full maturity...... 62. Spermacoce (incl. Borreria ) 9. Fruit schizocarpic or indehiscent. 10. Fruit schizocarpic, dividing into 2 indehiscent mericarps; seeds with a Y-shaped groove on the ventral surface...... 18. Diodella 10. Fruit indehiscent; seeds with narrowly ellipsoid groove on the ventral surface...... 19. Diodia 7. Fruit transversally dehiscent. 11. Ovary 3-4-locular; disk with 3 subulate appendices; stipules reduced to a line between the petioles...... 48. Perama 11. Ovary 2-locular; disk without appendices; stipules well developed, mbriate. 12. Fruit dividing into 2 apical valves and a persistent basal portion...... 65. Staelia 12. Fruit dividing into an apical mitra-shaped unit and a persistent basal portion...... 40. Mitracarpus 2. Fruits with 3 or more seeds. 13. Fruit schizocarpic, dividing into 3 or 4 indehiscent, 1-seeded mericarps...... 55. Richardia 13. Fruit indehiscent (spongy) or capsular (not schizocarpic), many-seeded. 14. Fruit indehiscent, spongy, blue or purple...... 11. Coccocypselum 14. Fruit capsular, crustaceous or thinly woody, brown. 15. Ovary 3-4-locular; disk with 3 subulate appendices ...... 48. Perama 15. Ovary 2-locular; disk without appendices. 16. Corolla lobes left-contorted in bud. 17. Plant semi-aquatic; stems erect; leaves opposite or whorled, 3- 6(-8) per node; stamens exserted...... 36. Limnosipanea 17. Plant terrestrial; stems erect, trailing or decumbent; leaves opposite; stamens included...... 61. Sipanea 16. Corolla lobes valvate in bud. 18. In!orescence 1- or few-!owered; corollas rotate or infundibuli - form, less than 15 mm long; capsules less than 4 mm long. 19. Flowers 4-merous...... 43. Oldenlandia 19. Flowers 5-merous...... 47. Pentodon 18. In!orescence many-!owered, hemispheric; corollas hypocrate - riform, 15-30(-40) mm long; capsules 4-6 mm long (ornamental, cultivated in private and public gardens)...... 46. Pentas 1. Terrestrial shrubs, trees, lianas, vines, herbs. 17 20. Herbaceous or woody vines, or lianas. 21. Stems armed with curved or coiled thorns (n.v.: cat’s claws, unha-de-gato)...... 67. Uncaria 21. Stems unarmed. 22. Fruit with 2 seeds. 23. Plant basally woody and with terminal internodes herbaceous; stipules mbriate, with many setae; in!orescence umbellate; fruit capsular...... 21. Emmeorhiza 23. Plant completely woody; stipules triangular (without setae); in!orescen - ce paniculate; fruits drupaceous. 24. Liana or sarmentose shrub; stamens inserted at corolla mouth; fruit cylindrical, exocarp !eshy, endocarp woody...... 38. Malanea 24. Shrub with scandent branches, or climbing vine; stamens inserted at base of corolla tube; fruit orbicular, laterally compressed, bilobed, spongy...... 9. Chiococca 22. Fruit with many seeds. 25. Stems herbaceous, less then 2 mm thick; fruits capsular; seeds dish-shaped, center surrounded by a membranaceous, elliptic to oblong wing...... 39. Manettia 25. Stems woody, more than 2 mm thick; fruit drupaceous; seeds ovoid or angular, not winged...... 59. Sabicea 20. Shrubs or trees. 26. Fruit dry at maturity. 27. Fruits densely clustered in a globose syncarp; each fruit with 2 indehiscent cocci, initially !eshy and turning dry at complete maturity. ..8. Cephalanthus 27. Fruits not densely clustered in a globose syncarp; fruit capsular. 28. Calyx and corolla with 4 free lobes; stamens 16-25, in two whorls; stipules bid or deeply divided, so as to appear as four stipules, with two foliose lobes on each side...... 17. Dialypetalanthus 28. Calyx and corolla with a basal tube; stamens as many as the corolla lobes; stipules entire. 29. Fruit 2-seeded, splitting into two 1-seeded, indehiscent mericarps, these hanging by a thread-like structure attached to the persistent septum...... 37. Machaonia 29. Fruit many-seeded, capsular; seeds many per each locule, vertical or imbricate (not pendulous). 30. Corolla zygomorphic, curved, campanulate; capsule obovate in outline, laterally strongly compressed...... 15. Coutarea 30. Corolla actinomorphic, straight, infundibuliform or tubular; capsule globose, obconical, turbinate or oblong, not laterally compressed. 31. Rheophytic shrub; corolla 5.5-7.5 cm long, red...... 3. Augusta 31. Tree; corolla up to 5.5 cm long, red, green, white, yellowish-white, or yellow. 32. Corolla 2.5-5.5 cm long, red or green...... 23. Ferdinandusa 32. Corolla less than 2.5 cm long, white, yellowish-white or yellow. 33. Some !owers with one expanded, petaloid calyx lobe (calycophyll). 34. In!orescence cymose; calycophylls lilac, pink, white or pale green. 35. Calycophylls lilac to pink; capsule loculi- 18 cidal...... 49. Pogonopus 35. Calycophylls white or pale green; capsule septicidal...... 6. Calycophyllum 34. In!orescence paniculate-spiciform or thyrsoid to long-thyrsoid; calycophylls orange to red...... 68. Warszewiczia 33. Flowers without an expanded, petaloid calyx lobe. 36. Capsule oblong, narrowly ovoid or fusiform; corolla lobes valvate in bud; seeds elliptic-ovate or oblong in outline, bipolar. 37. In!orescence axillary; valves of the capsule bid, due to secondary loculicidal splitting...... 53. Remijia 37. In!orescence terminal; valves of the capsule entire (rarely secondary splitting at apex in old capsules)...... 35. Ladenbergia 36. Capsule globose or obovoid (rarely subglobose); corolla lobes imbricate or narrowly imbricate in bud; seeds tetrahedral or polygonal, or hemi- elliptic in outline. 38. Capsule globose, 1.5-3 cm diam.; seeds with a hemi-elliptic membranaceous wing...... 60. Simira 38. Capsule obovoid (rarely subglobose), 3,5-4 cm diam.; seeds commonly tetrahedral or polygonal, truncate at apex, not winged...... 4. Bathysa 26. Fruit !eshy at maturity. 39. Ovary and fruit superior...... 44. Pagamea 39. Ovary and fruit inferior. 40. Fruit with 1-seeded locules. 41. Ovary 5-locular; ovules 2 per locule; style 5-branched; fruit with 5 woody pyrenes, each pyrene 1-seeded by abortion of 1 ovule. .. 54. Retiniphyllum 41. Ovary 2-locular or 2-7-locular in Guettarda (rarely 4-6-locular in Psychotria ); ovules 1 per locule; style 2-branched or 2-7-branched in Guettarda (rarely 4-6-branched in Psychotria ); fruit 2-seeded or with 2-7 pyrenes in Guettarda (rarely with 4-6 pyrenes in Psychotria ), each pyrene 1-seeded from a 1-ovu- late locule. 42. Ovules pendulous, inserted at the roof of the locules. 43. Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla; fruit orbicular, laterally compressed, bilobed, spongy...... 9. Chiococca 43. Stamens inserted at corolla mouth; fruit cylindrical or oblong- elliptic, mesocarp !eshy, endocarp woody. 44. Ovary 2-7-locular...... 30. Guettarda 44. Ovary 2-locular (rarely 4-6-locular in Psychotria ). 45. Branches usually with thorns; stipules deltoid or narrowly triangular; calyx truncate...... 10. Chomelia 45. Branches without thorns; stipules oblong-ovate or spatulate; calyx lobed...... 38. Malanea 42. Ovules erect, inserted at the base or at the center of the locules. 46. Corolla lobes contorted (rarely imbricate) in bud. 47. Stipules free, triangular; in!orescence axillary, fasciculate...... 12. Coffea 47. Stipules connate at base, basally deltoid and apically aristate; 19 in!orescence terminal, corymbose or paniculate. ....33. Ixora 46. Corolla lobes valvate in bud. 48. Fruit 1-locular (by abortion of one locule, ovary 2-locular), sometimes with 2 locules separated by a thin septum. 49. Stipules usually free at base, ovate to triangular, truncate to obtuse; ovules connate, attached on a common basal column; corolla white; fruit generally longer than wide, commonly 1-seeded (rarely 2-seeded), white to cream-white...... 14. Coussarea 49. Stipules usually connate at base, short-triangular, aristate or cuspidate (rarely mucronate); ovules not inserted on a basal column; corolla blue or white; fruit generally globose or wider than long, commonly 2-seeded, dark blue, dark purple or black...... 22. Faramea 48. Fruit 2-locular (rarely 4-6-locular in Psychotria ), locules separated by a thick septum. 50. In!orescence rachis green, white or pink; corolla white to cream-white, pale yellow or rarely greenish; corolla tube laterally swollen at base...... 45. Palicourea 50. In!orescence rachis yellow, red, purple or orange; co - rolla yellow, pink, orange or red, with yellow, pink or purple lobes; corolla tube not swollen at base. 51. Stipules usually laciniate, fringed, subulate, aculeiform, aristate with teeth or cartilagineous appendages, or dorsal surface sometimes with teeth or appendages...... 58. Rudgea 51. Stipules usually with 2 lobes on each side, sometimes pectinate or truncate, or rounded, triangular or prolonged apically (rarely scarcely developed). 52. Stipules subcaducous or readily caducous; pyrenes with germination slits on lateral margins or with two small germination slits near the base on the ventral side. 53. Stipules with interpetiolar appendages, these conical, linear, shortly bid, bilobed, mbriate at the apex, with glandular apical projections or laminar and erose or laciniate; pyrenes with two small germination slits near the base on the ventral side...... 42. Notopleura 53. Stipules without interpetiolar appendages; pyrenes with germination slits on lateral margins...... 51. Psychotria 52. Stipules persistent, weathering on the stem; pyrenes with germination slits on ventral ridges with a preformed germination lid on ventral side. 54. In!orescence terminal, subtended by foliose or linear bracts; pyrenes with germination slits on ventral ridges. ... 20 ...... 7. Carapichea 54. In!orescence axillary, not subtended by expanded bracts; pyrenes with a preformed germination lid on ventral side...... 56. Ronabea 40. Fruit with few- to many-seeded locules. 55. Corolla lobes valvate in bud (rarely imbricate in Gonzalagunia ). 56. Some or all !owers of each in!orescence with one, some or all calyx lobes expan - ded, petaloid (calycophylls), white, pink, yellow or red...... 41. Mussaenda 56. Flowers without expanded, petaloid calyx lobes. 57. Trees 5-15 m tall; corolla 30-70 mm long, pink or reddish orange grading to yellow distally; in!orescence corymbose; fruits !eshy or dry at maturity...... 32. Isertia 57. Shrubs < 4 m tall; corolla < 30 mm long, white; in!orescence spiciform; fruit spongy or dry at maturity...... 29. Gonzalagunia 55. Corolla lobes contorted or imbricate in bud. 58. Fruit 2.5-6 mm in diam.; seeds < 3 mm long. 59. Branchlets densely strigulose; stipules connate at base, persistent; each !ower subtended by a lanceolate-linear bract; ovary 2-locular; corolla white...... 5. Bertiera 59. Branchlets glabrous; stipules free at base, caducous; !owers not consistently subtended bracts; ovary 4-5-locular; corolla yellow or orange...... 31. Hamelia 58. Fruit > 14 mm in diam.; seeds > 3 mm long. 60. Stems armed, with 2-3(-4) straight thorns per node (some of the nodes without thorns)...... 52. Randia 60. Stems unarmed. 61. Flowers bisexual (male and female parts present and functional in the same !ower); plants monoecious. 62. Leaves drying black; corolla tube < 1.5 cm long, densely strigulose...... 27. Genipa 62. Leaves drying green or brown; corolla tube > 3 cm long, glabrous. 63. Flowers strongly fragrant; corolla lobes 5-7 or 12-14 (biseriate in some cultivars); fruit narrowly obovoid or pyriform, 5-7-angular or not angular (cultivated as ornamental in private and public gardens)...... 26. Gardenia 63. Flowers slightly fragrant; corolla lobes 5-6; fruit ellipsoid, oblong or globose, not angular. 64. Corolla zygomorphic, the buds with lobe portion curved to one side; stamens unequal; seeds perlaceous when fresh...... 50. Posoqueria 64. Corolla actinomorphic, the buds straight; stamens equal; seeds not perlaceous. 65. Corolla tube < 3.5 cm long, yellow to yellow- orange at anthesis (old corollas orange)...... 63. Sphinctanthus 65. Corolla tube > 3.5 cm long, white at anthesis (old corollas yellowish). 66. Flowers solitary, on axillary short-shoots. 66. Flowers in corymbose, terminal in!orescen - ces...... 66. Tocoyena 61. Flowers functionally unisexual (male and female parts present in the 21 same !ower, but only either the female or male parts functional in the same !ower); plants dioecious. 67. Stipules united to form a conical cap above apical bud, the cap readily caducous above a circular slit, leaving a circular scar above the node. 68. Male and female !owers in cymose or fasciculate in!ores - cences; ovary 2-locular; fruit with 2 cells...... 2. Amaioua 68. Male !owers in cymose or fasciculate in!orescences, female !owers usually solitary; ovary 1-locular; fruit with several cells (with false septa)...... 20. Duroia 67. Stipules not united to form a cap above apical bud, persistent. 69. Male !owers in spicate in!orescences, female !owers solita - ry...... 64. Stachyarrhena 69. Male !owers in cymose or fasciculate in!orescences, female !owers usually solitary. 70. Male !owers 6-11-merous; fruit oblong, with a long- tubular, persistent calyx...... 34. Kutchubaea 70. Male !owers (3-)4-6(-8)-merous; fruit globose, with a reduced, persistent calyx. 71. Corolla tube < 10 mm long; calyx truncate or rarely denticulate; fruit succulent, with soft walls; seeds < 3 cm in diam., imbedded in a juicy pulp...... 13. Cordiera 71. Corolla tube > 10 mm long; calyx dentate or lobed; fruit !eshy, with woody walls; seeds 3-7 cm in diam., imbedded in a gelatinous pulp...... 1. Alibertia SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND PRELIMINARY outside MT and MS), pulp !eshy inside. Se - SPECIES LIST eds horizontal, imbedded in the !eshy pulp, large, lenticular, dorsoventrally compressed, 1. ALIBERTIA A. Rich. in DC., Prodr. 4: ovate to obovate in outline. 443. Sep 1830 (A. Rich., Mém. Fam. Rubiaceé Literature: Cuatrecasas, J., Rev. Acad. 154, tab. 11, g. 1a-i. Dec 1830; reimpr. Mém. Colomb. Ci. Exact. Fís.-Quim. Nat. 7(28): 474- Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 3, 5: 234, tab. 21, 479. 1948; Cuatrecasas, J., Acta Agron. 3: 89- g.1a-i. 1834). Type: A. edulis (Rich.) A. Rich. 98. 1953; Persson, C., Amer. J. Bot. 87(7): 1018- in DC. ( Genipa edulis Rich.). 1028. 2000; Delprete, P.G. & C. Persson in J.A. Syn.: Borojoa Cuatrec. (“1949” [1950]) Ge- Steyermark et al., Fl. Venez. Guay. 8: 512-514. nipella Rich. ex DC. (1830), nomen ., Melanopsi- 2004; Persson, C. et al. in J.A. Steyermark et dium Poit. ex A. Rich. in DC. (1830), nom. , non al., Fl. Venez. Guay. 8: 558-560. 2004; Persson, Melanopsidium Colla (1824). C. & P.G. Delprete, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. (in progress). Shrubs or small to tall canopy trees, dio- Distribution: Genus of ca. 16 species, ecious. Raphides absent. Stipules interpetio- with center of diversity in the Amazon Ba- lar, free or connate at base or a basal sheath sin, and a few species in Central America and connate to the petioles; lanceolate or narrowly Cuba, and 1 in the Brazilian Planalto; in MT to broadly triangular or ovate, obtuse to acute and MS 1 species and 1 variety. at apex, persistent. Leaves opposite or rarely ternate, short- to long-petiolate; blades ovate, 1-1A. Alibertia edulis (Rich.) A. Rich. elliptic, obovate, oblong or oblanceolate, char- var. edulis - Alibertia edulis (Rich.) A. Rich. in taceous to coriaceous; domatia tufts of hairs DC., Prodr. 4: 443. Sep 1830. or absent. In!orescences terminal; male in - Syn.: Genipa edulis Rich.; Gardenia edulis !orescences usually fasciculate; female in!o - (Rich.) Poir.; Garapatica edulis (Rich.) H. Karst.; 22 rescences single-!owered. Male !owers 4-6(- Cordiera edulis (Rich.) Kuntze; Sabicea edu- 8)-merous; calyx cup-shaped, margin usually lis (Rich.) Seem.; Alibertia hexagyna H. Karst.; truncate, dentate or lobed; corolla usually sal- Cordiera hexagyna (H. Karst.) Kuntze; Alibertia verform, aestivation left-contorted, tube pu- tutumilla Rusby; Alibertia longistipulata Riley; berulent or sericeous, rarely glabrous outside, Alibertia trinitatis Sprague & R.O. Williams; usually sericeous inside, stamens as many as Alibertia tobagensis Sprague & R.O. Williams; corolla lobes, generally sessile or subsessile, Thieleodoxa nitidula Bremek.; Cordiera acuminata dorsixed near the base, laments in the lower Benth.; Alibertia acuminata (Benth.) Sandw.; Alib- portion of the corolla tube, anthers usually ertia acuminata (Benth.) Sandw. var. acuminata . narrowly oblong, included, pollen triporate, exine reticulate; style non-functional, slender, 2. AMAIOUA Aubl, Hist. Pl. Guiane., included, rarely slightly exserted, glabrous; Suppl.: 13. 1775. Type: A. guianensis Aubl. style branches 2(–3), connivent; ovary absent. Syn.: Amaiova Juss., orth. var., Amajoa Female !owers (4-)5-7(-8)-merous, sessile or Desfont. orth. var., Amajoua Roem.& Schult., subsessile, calyx and corolla as in male !ower, Ehrenbergia Spreng. usually with 1-2 additional lobes; hypanthium globose, stamens non-functional, included, Shrubs or small to medium-sized trees, sessile or subsessile, anthers narrowly oblong dioecious. Raphides absent. Stipules apical or narrowly elliptic, usually smaller than in caps, splitting irregularly on one side; coni- male !owers, pollen absent; style slender, in - cal, circumscissile. Leaves opposite or ternate, cluded, glabrous, or rarely pilose, style bran- short- to long-petiolate; blades ovate, elliptic, ches 2-7, with distinct revolute margins that obovate, oblong to lanceolate, thinly to thi- expose stigmatic papillae; ovary glabrous to ckly coriaceous; domatia dense tufts of hairs puberulent, 3-7-locular; placenta axial; ovules or absent. In!orescence terminal, paniculate, 9-70 per locule. Fruit a berry, globose, with a densely to sparsely branched or capitate or woody pericarp (leathery or !eshy in species fasciculate in both male and female individuals. Flowers functionally unisexual (male and Rheophytic shrubs; raphides absent. Sti- female !owers on separate individuals), pro - pules interpetiolar, free or connate at base, nar- tandrous. Calyx cup-shaped or short tubular, rowly triangular or deltoid, persistent. Leaves caducous; lobes 5 or 6, narrowly triangular or opposite, subsessile or short-petiolate; blades linear; or absent (calyx truncate or undulate). elliptic, oblanceolate or lanceolate, chartaceous Corolla hypocrateriform, actinomorphic, white to thinly coriaceous; domatia absent. In!ores - to cream-white; tube sericeous outside, pube- cence terminal, cymose or corymbose, pauci- rulent or sericeous inside; lobes 5 or 6, left-con- !orous. Flowers bisexual, protandrous. Calyx torted, oblong, acute at apex. Stamens inclu- extremely reduced, persistent; lobes 5, linear. ded; anthers narrowly elliptic, round at base, Corolla tubular or narrowly infundibuliform, acute or acuminate at apex, dorsixed near the actinomorphic, red (hypocrateriform, white middle; laments attached near the mouth of in species outside of Brazil); tube externally the corolla tube, short, glabrous. Pollen 3(-4)- glabrous, internally puberulent; lobes 5, im- porate, exine reticulate. Style included; lobes bricate, ovate, elliptic or lanceolate, rounded 2, ovate. Ovary 2-locular, ovoid; ovules many or acute at apex. Stamens exserted just beyond per locule. Fruit a !eshy berry. Seeds horizon - the corolla; anthers narrowly elliptic, acute at tal, medium-sized, laterally compressed. base and at apex, dorsixed near the middle; Literature: Persson, C., Am. J. Bot. 87(7): laments attached near the mouth of the co - 1018–1028. 2000; Steyermark, J.A., in Lasser rolla tube, short, glabrous. Pollen 3-colporate, & Steyermark, Fl. Venez. 9(2): 704–715. 1974; exine reticulate. Style exserted well beyond Steyermark, J.A. in B. Maguire & Coll., Mem. the corolla, erect-puberulent; lobes 2, oblong. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 227–832. 1972; Taylor, Ovary 2-locular, obconical; ovules many per C.M. & J.A. Steyermark. in J. A. Steyermark et locule. Fruit a septicidal capsule, dehiscing al., Fl. Venez. Guay. 8: 516-518. 2004. basipetally, the valves secondarily splitting at Distribution: A genus of perhaps 9 apex, thinly woody. Seeds horizontal, minute, Neotropical species ranging from Mexico and 3--5-angular. 23 Cuba to Bolivia; in MT and MS 3 species. Literature: Kirkbride, J. H. Brittonia 49: 354- 379. 1997; Delprete, P.G. Brittonia 49: 487-497. 1997. 2-1. Amaioua corymbosa Kunth in Distribution: According to Kirkbride Humb. & Bonpl., Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 419, pl. 294, (1997) and Delprete (1997), Augusta is a genus g. 31H-R. 1820. of 4 species, with the following distribution: Syn.: Amaioua fagifolia Desf. A. rivalis (Benth.) J.H. Kirkbr., endemic to Central America, A. austrocaledonica (Brongn.) 2-2. Amaioua guianensis Aubl., Hist. J.H. Kirkbr. and A. vitiensis (Seem.) J.H. Kirk- Pl. Guiane Suppl. 13, pl. 375. 1775. br., endemic to the South Pacic Ocean, and Syn.: Amaioua guianensis var. macrantha A. longifolia Pohl, endemic to Brazil. Delprete Steyerm. (1997) recognized two varieties in A. longifolia : var. longifolia , occurring in the Cerrado Biome, 2-3. Amaioua intermedia Mart. in parviflora Schult., Syst. Veg. 7(1): 90. 1829. and var. (Pohl) Delprete, endemic to Syn.: Amaioua guianensis var. confertifolia the Atlantic Forest of the state of Rio de Janei- K. Schum.; Amaioua brasiliana A. Rich. in DC.; ro. In MT and MS 1 species and 1 variety. Amaioua laureaster Mart.; Amaioua guianensis Aubl. var. brasiliana (A. Rich. in DC.) K. Schum. 3-1A. Augusta longifolia (Spreng.) Reheder var. longifolia , Delprete, Brittonia 3. AUGUSTA Pohl, nom. cons. , Flora 12: 49: 487-497. 1997. 118. “1828” [1829]. Type: A. longifolia Pohl Syn.: Ucriana longifolia Spreng., Schrei- Synonyms: Augustea DC., orth. var.; non bersia longifolia (Spreng.) Kuntze, Augusta Augusta Leandro, Bonifacia Manso ex Steud.; longifolia (Spreng.) Rehder; Augusta lanceolata Lindenia Benth.; Schreibersia Pohl, nom ., Sipho-ipho- Pohl; Augusta oblongifolia Pohl; Augusta glau- nia Benth.; Ucriana sensu Spreng., non Ucriana cescens Pohl; Bonifacia riparia Manso ex Steud., Willd. (= Tocoyena Aubl.). nom. nud. 4. BATHYSA Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. 4-1. Bathysa cuspidata (A. St. Hil.) K. Ges. Wiss. 3: 514. 1845. Type: : B. stipulata Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 237, tab. 119. 1889. (Vell.) Presl. ( Coffea stipulata Vell.). Syn.: Exostema cuspidatum A. St. Hil., Schoenlenia Syn.: Schizocalyx Wedd. (1854), nom. cuspidata (A. St. Hil.) Klotzsch in Hayne. cons. , non Scheele (1843, Lamiaceae), nom. rej ., nec O. Berg (1856, Cucurbitaceae), nec Hochst 5. BERTIERA Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: (1844, Salvadoraceae), nom. rej .; Schloenleinia 180, t. 69. 1775. Type: B. guianensis Aubl. Klotzsch (1846); Voigtia Klotzsch (1846). Syn.: Pomatium Gaertn.; Justenia Hiern.

Small to medium-sized trees (rarely Shrubs or small pyramidal trees; ra- shrubs); raphides absent. Stipules interpetio- phides present. Stipules interpetiolar, free or lar, free or connate at base; narrowly triangu- connate at base, lanceolate, deltoid, acumina- lar, deltoid or broadly triangular, persistent or te or triangular, often aristate, persistent. Le- readily caducous. Leaves opposite; short- to aves opposite, short-petiolate; blades elliptic, long-petiolate; blades ovate, elliptic, obovate, oblong or lanceolate, chartaceous or papyra- oblanceolate or lanceolate; chartaceous to sub- ceous; domatia tufts of hairs. In!orescence coriaceous; domatia tufts of hairs, or absent. terminal, paniculate, with secondary branches In!orescence terminal, cymose, pauci!orous terminating in dichasia of scorpioid cymes. or multi!orous. Flowers bisexual, protan - Flowers bisexual, protandrous. Calyx tube ex- drous. Calyx extremely reduced, persistent, tremely reduced, with small lobes, persistent; truncate, undulate or lobed, lobes 4-5 deltoid; lobes 5 or 6, narrowly triangular, linear. Co- calycophylls absent (or semaphylls 1 lobe per rolla narrowly infundibuliform, actinomor- !ower, present in the rst !owers of in!o - phic, white to cream-white; tube externally rescence branchlets; white to cream-white, in glabrous or strigose, internally pubescent at species outside of MT and MS). Corolla infun- distal portion; lobes (4-)5(-6), left-contorted, 24 dibuliform or subrotate, actinomorphic, white narrowly triangular, acute at apex. Stamens to cream-white; tube externally glabrous or included; anthers narrowly oblong or elonga- minutely puberulent; internally glabrous or te, acute at base and at apex, dorsixed near the base; laments attached near the mouth puberulent, with a pubescent ring at orice of the corolla tube, short, glabrous. Pollen 3- or at base inside; lobes 4-5, imbricate, broa- -5-colporate, exine reticulate. Style as long as dly ovate or rounded. Stamens exserted well the corolla tube, glabrous; lobes 2, elliptic or beyond the corolla; anthers elliptic, round at absent. Ovary 2-locular, obovoid or globose; base and at apex, dorsixed near the middle placenta stalked, inserted on the center of the or near the base; laments attached near the septum; ovules many per locule. Fruit a !eshy mouth of the corolla tube, long, equal, with a berry. Seeds peltate, minute, 3-5-angular. tuft of hairs at base. Pollen 3-colporate, reti- Literature: Robbrecht, E. et al., Opera culate. Style exserted well beyond the corolla, Bot. Belg. 6: 101-141. “1993” [1994]. glabrous, or erect-puberulent; lobes 2, ovate or Distribution: Tropical Africa and Tropi- oblong. Ovary 2-locular, obconical or ovoid; cal America. In the Neotropics ranging from ovules many per locule. Fruit a septicidal cap- Mexico, throughout Central America, the Gre- sule, dehiscing basipetally, the valves secon- ater Antilles, to Peru, Bolivia and Brazil: ca. 8 darily splitting at apex, thinly woody. Seeds species; in MT and MS 1 species. horizontal, minute, 3-5-angular, abruptly !at at polar end. 5-1. Bertiera guianensis Aubl., Hist. Pl. Literature: Delprete, P.G., Brittonia 48: Guiane 1: 180, t. 69. 1775. Type: French Guiana, 35-44. 1996; Delprete, P.G., Brittonia 49: 480- woods of Aroura, Aublet s.n. (holotype BM). 486. 1997; Germano Filho, P., Rodriguesia 50: Syn.: Bertiera diversiramea Steyerm., syn. 49-75. “1998” [1999]. nov. , Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 17: 319. 1967. Distribution: From Central America to Type: Suriname, Wilhelmina Geberte, 4 km S southern Brazil; about 15 species; in MT and of Juliana top, 700 m, Irwin et al. 55299 (holo- MS 1 species. type NY, isotypes NY, U, US). 6. CALYCOPHYLLUM DC., Prodr. 4: Distribution: Ranging from Mexico 367. 1830. Type: C. candidissimum (Vahl) DC. throughout Central America, the Greater An- (Macrocnemum candidissimum Vahl). tilles, to Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Syn.: Eukylista Spruce ex Benth. (1853); northern Argentina: ca. 10 species; in MT and Semaphyllanthe L. Anderss. (1995). MS 2 species.

Medium-sized to tall canopy trees with 6-1. Calycophyllum multiflorum Gri- small spreading crown; bark reddish-brown, seb., Symb. Fl. Argent. 155. 1879. exfoliating in long vertical stripes, exposing Syn.: Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.) the inner deep-green layer; buttresses absent; Hook. f. var. multiflorum (Griseb.) Chodat & wood white. Raphides absent. Stipules inter- Hassler; Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.) petiolar, free or connate at base, deltoid to Hook. f. var. multiflorum (Griseb.) Chodat & narrowly triangular, readily caducous. Leaves Hassler f. intermedia Chodat & Hassler; Piso- opposite, short- to long-petiolate; blades ovate, nia combretifolia Morong & Britton, non Pisonia elliptic or obovate, chartaceous to coriaceous; combretiflora Mart. ex J.A. Schmidt (Nyctagi- domatia tufts of sparse hairs or absent. Ino - naceae). rescence terminal, frondose or not, paniculate, densely or sparsely branched, or corymbose. 6-2. Calycophyllum spruceanum Flowers (4-)5-7(-8)-merous, bisexual; protan- (Benth.) Hook. f. ex K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. drous; hypanthium ovoid; calyx extremely re- Bras. 6(6): 192. 1889. duced or cup-shaped, persistent, lobes absent Syn.: Eukylista spruceana Benth. (calyx truncate or undulate) or small, broadly to narrowly triangular, calycophylls 1(-2) 7. CARAPICHEA Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guia- lobes per ower, present in the !rst owers of ne 167, t. 64. 1775. Type: C. guianensis Aubl. inorescence branchlets, white cream-white, Syn.: Chesnea Scopoli (1777), nom. rej. (vs. yellowish-white or greenish-white or absent; Cephaelis ); Nettlera Raf., nom. superfl ., (1838); 25 corolla campanulate or narrowly infundibu- Ipecacuanha Arruda in H. Koster (1816); Ipeca- liform, white, cream-white to pinkish-white, cuana Raf. (1838), orth. var. tube externally glabrous or minutely puberulent, internally glabrous or puberulent, with a Subshrubs to shrubs. Raphides present. pubescent ring at ori!ce inside, lobes imbricate Stipules interpetiolar, free or connate at base, or left-contorted, broadly to narrowly triangu- persistent. Leaves opposite, short to long-pe- lar or ovate, margin entire, rounded or acute at tiolate; blades ovate, elliptic, obovate, oblong apex; stamens exserted just beyond the corolla; or narrowly elliptic, chartaceous, papyra- !laments attached near the mouth of the co - ceous; domatia absent. Inorescence termi - rolla tube, !liform, short (anthers subsessile), nal, capitate to subcapitate (shortly branched, glabrous or with a tuft of hairs at base, an- few- to many-owered, with 2-8 bracts either thers button-shaped or elliptic, round at base subtending the inorescence or inserted on and at apex, dorsi!xed near the middle; pollen 3-colporate, exine reticulate; ovary 2-locular; the inorescence branches. Flowers bisexual, placentation axile, peltate to the entire length 4-5-merous, protandrous; hypanthium obo- of the septum, ovules many per locule, style void; calyx tube extremely reduced or cup- exserted just beyond the corolla, !liform, gla - shaped, lobed or undulate, persistent, lobes brous or erect-puberulent, style branches 2, ob- small, broadly to narrowly triangular (when long. Fruits capsular, thinly woody, turbinate, present); corolla hypocrateriform, actinomor- dehiscing septicidally for the apex, the valves phic, white, tube glabrous throughout, lobes secondarily splitting at apex; seeds many, ver- valvate, oblong- ovate, margin entire, acute at tical, imbricate, laterally compressed, wings apex; stamens included, partially exserted, or bipolar, acute at both ends. exserted just beyond the corolla, !laments at - Literature: Andersson, L., Ann. Missou- tached at middle or upper part of the corolla ri Bot. Gard. 82: 409-427. 1995; Delprete, P.G., tube, short, equal, glabrous, anthers narrowly Brittonia 48: 35-44. 1996. elliptic or narrowly oblong, round at base, round or apiculate at apex, dorsi!xed near the rolla, clavate, glabrous; lobes absent, stigmatic middle or near the middle; ovary 2-locular, surface located at style apex. Ovary 2-locular, placenta reduced, ovules basally or centrally turbinate; placenta attached at top of septum; inserted, erect, 1 per locule, style included or ovules 1 per locule, pendulous. Fruit densely partially exserted, glabrous, style-branches 2, clustered in a globose syncarp; each fruit with oblong. Fruit drupaceous, eshy, with 2 woo - 2 indehiscent cocci, turning dry at complete dy pyrenes, orange-red to red; seeds vertical, maturity. Seeds pendulous, minute, oblong. plano-convex, ventrally sulcate, ovate to ellip- Literature: K. Schumann in Martius, Fl. tic in outline. Bras. 6(6): 127-130. 1889; Bacigalupo, N. in Literature: Andersson, L., Kew Bull. 57: Burkart, Fl. Il. Entre Ríos 6(6): 46-48, !g. 21. 363-374. 2002; Delprete, P.G., Brittonia 53: 396- 1974; Ridsdale, C.E., Blumea 23: 177-188. 1976; 404. 2001; Delprete, P.G., Brittonia 55: 88-89. Delprete, P.G. et al. in A. Reis, Fl. Ilustr. Ca- 2003. tarinense RUBI (1): 52-57. 2004. Distribution: Ranging from Colombia, Distribution: Ridsdale (1976) recognized Venezuela, to Peru and Brazil, throughout the 6 species for this genus, occurring in tropical Amazon Basin; 5-6 species; in MT and MS 1 and temperate regions of America, Africa and species. Asia; in MT and MS 1 species.

7-1. Carapichea ipecacuanha (Brot.) L. 8-1. Cephalanthus glabratus (Spreng.) K. Andersson, Kew Bull. 57: 371. 2002. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 128, tab. 94. 1889. Syn.: Callicocca ipecacuanha Brot., Psycho- Syn. Buddlea glabrata Spreng.; Cephalan- tria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes, Cephaelis ipeca- thus sarandi Cham. & Schltdl., nom. superf . cuanha (Brot.) A. Rich., Ipecacuanha officinalis Arruda & Diss. ex H. Koster, Uragoga ipecacu- 9. CHIOCOCCA P. Browne, Civ. Nat. anha (Brot.) Baill. Hist. Jamaica 164. 1756. Type: C. alba (L.) Hi- 26 tchc. (based on Lonicera alba L.).. 8. CEPHALANTHUS L., Sp. Pl. 95. 1753. Syn.: Margaris DC. (1830); Siphonandra Type: C. occidentalis L. Turcz. (1848); Non Siphonandra Klotzsch (1851, Acrodryon Spreng. (“1825”[1824]); Axo- Ericaceae). lus Raf. (1838); Eresimus Raf. (1838). Woody vines, small lianas, shrubs or Rheophytic shrubs to small trees; raphi- treelets, with scandent or clambering bran- des absent. Stipules interpetiolar, free at base; ches. Raphides absent. Stipules interpetiolar, deltoid to broadly triangular, persistent. Lea- connate at base; narrowly triangular or del- ves opposite or whorled, 3-4 per node, short- toid; persistent. Leaves opposite, subsessile petiolate; blades elliptic, obovate to lanceolate, to short-petiolate; blades ovate, elliptic, obo- chartaceous to thinly coriaceous; domatia tufts vate or oblong, chartaceous to subcoriaceous; of hairs or absent. Inorescence axillary or domatia absent. Inorescence axillary, pani - terminal, capitate, globose. Flowers bisexual, culate or racemose, sparsely branched. Flo- protandrous. Calyx short tubular, persistent; wers 4-5(-6)-merous, bisexual, protandrous; lobes 4 or 5, narrowly to broadly triangular, hypanthium laterally compressed or terete, lanceolate or ovate. Corolla tubular or nar- ovoid to obovoid in outline; calyx extremely rowly infundibuliform, actinomorphic, whi- reduced persistent, lobes broadly to narrowly te to cream-white; tube externally glabrous; triangular; corolla campanulate or broadly in- internally glabrous or puberulent; lobes 4 or fundibuliform, white, cream-white, greenish- 5, imbricate, elliptic, oblong or ovate at apex. white or yellow, tube externally glabrous, in- Stamens included; anthers elliptic, acute at ternally glabrous, without a pubescent ring, base, round at apex, dorsi!xed near the midd - lobes narrowly imbricate, broadly to narrowly le; !laments attached at the middle of the co - triangular, margin entire, acute at apex; sta- rolla tube, glabrous. Pollen 3-colporate, exine mens included or partially exserted, !laments foveolate. Style exserted well beyond the co- attached at base of the corolla tube, !liform, shorter than corolla tube, glabrous, anthers Erect or scandent shrubs or small to me- button-shaped, elliptic or narrowly elliptic, dium-sized trees. Raphides absent. Thorns round at base and at apex, dorsi!xed near the axillary straight, cylindrical, or stout modi!ed base; pollen 3-colpate, exine echinate-perfo- lateral branches with vestigial nodes and so- rate; ovary 2-locular, placentation axile, ovu- metimes with reduced leaves or absent. Sti- les apically inserted, 1 per locule, pendulous, pules interpetiolar, free or connate at base, style exserted just beyond the corolla, capita- broadly to narrowly triangular, persistent, te, glabrous, style branches absent (2 minute, subcaducous or readily caducous. Leaves op- connivent lobes). Fruits drupaceous, eshy posite, sessile , subsessile, short- to long-petio- or spongy, terete or laterally attened, with late; blades broadly to narrowly ovate, elliptic, 2 woody pyrenes; seeds pendulous, laterally narrowly to broadly obovate, chartaceous to compressed. papyraceous to subcoriaceous; domatia tufts Literature: Standley, P.C., N. Am. Fl. of sparse or dense hairs or absent. Inorescen - 32(4): 285-289. 1934; Steyermark, J.A., Mem. ce axillary, terminal or on axillary short shoots New York Bot. Gard. 23: 373-384. 1972; Del- of 3-5 nodes, cymose, few- to many-owered, prete, P.G., Rev. Biol. Neotrop. 1: 1(1-2): 4-10. with scorpioid branches or dichasiate, or fas- “2004” [2005]. ciculate or uniorous. Flowers 4-5-merous, Distribution: Ranging from southern bisexual, protandrous; hypanthium ovoid, United States, throughout Central America, obovoid, oblate or turbinate; calyx short- or the Greater Antilles, to Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, long-tubular, persistent; lobes narrowly trian- Paraguay and northern Argentina: ca. 20 spe- gular, oblong, ovate or linear; corolla narrowly cies; in MT and MS 1very variable species. infundibuliform, white, cream-white or yellowish-white, tube externally glabrous, strigo- 9-1. Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc., Report se or sericeous, internally glabrous, without Missouri Bot. Gard. 4: 94. 1893. a pubescent ring, lobes valvate or imbricate, Syn.: Lonicera alba L.; Chiococca racemosa ovate, lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, oblong, 27 L. (based on Lonicera alba L.); Chiococca bra- oblong-ovate or linear, margin entire or undu- chiata Ruiz & Pav.; Chiococca pubescens Humb. late, rounded, ovate, acute or short- to long- acuminate or with a romboidal or triangular & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult., syn. nov .; Chio- internal appendix at apex; stamens included cocca parvifolia Wullschlaegel ex Griseb.; Chio- or partially exserted, !laments attached at cocca anguifuga Mart.; Chiococca brachiata var. the upper part or near the mouth of the co- acuminata Muell. Arg., var. acutifolia Muell. rolla tube, short (anthers subsessile), glabrous, Arg., var. biformis Muell. Arg., var. conjungens anthers elliptic, narrowly elliptic, oblong to Muell. Arg., var. densifolia (Mart.) Muell. Arg., narrowly oblong, round, acute, with pointed var. diplomorpha Muell. Arg., var. grandifolia extension or tailed at base, round, acute or Muell. Arg., var. intercedens Muell. Arg., var. acuminate at apex, dorsi!xed near the base; intermedia Muell. Arg., var. lanceolata Muell. ovary 2-3-locular, placentation axile, ovules Arg., var. microphylla Muell. Arg., var. petiola- apically inserted, pendulous, 1 per locule, ris Muell. Arg., var. rigidula Muell. Arg., var. style included, partially exserted (only tips of subrhombea Muell. Arg., var. tenuifolia Muell. branches exserted) or exserted just beyond the Arg., var. valida Muell. Arg.; Chiococca micran- corolla tube, !liform, glabrous, style branches tha J.R. Johnst., syn. nov. ; Chiococca alba var. 2-3, ovate, oblong or linear. Fruits drupaceous, parvifolia (Wullschlaegel ex Griseb.) Steyerm., with 2-3 woody pyrenes, eshy; seeds pendu - var. micrantha (J.R. Johnst.) Steyerm., syn. nov. ; lous, cylindrical. Chiococca alba var. micrantha f. pilosa Steyerm.. Literature: Steyermark, J.A. in B. Maguire & Coll., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 17: 334-341. 1967. 10. CHOMELIA Jacq., Enum. Pl. Carib. Distribution: Ranging from Mexico, 1, 12. 1760, nom. cons . Type: C. spinosa Jacq. throughout Central America, the Greater An- Syn.: Anisomeris C. Presl (1834); Carueli-ueli- tilles, to Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and na Kuntze (1891). northern Argentina: ca. 80 species; in MT and MS 7 species. 10-1. Chomelia intercedens Muell. sometimes bracteoles absent. Flowers sessile, Arg., Flora 58: 451, 456. 1875. 4-merous, small, heterostylous; calyx lobes 4, usually narrowly triangular, elliptic or linear, 10-2. Chomelia myrtifolia S. Moore, persistent, slightly asymmetric; hypanthium Trans. Linn., Soc., 2nd ser., 4: 373. 1895. globose or turbinate; corolla hypocrateriform or infundibuliform, blue, purple or white, ori- 10-3.3. Chomelia obtusa Cham. & Schlt- !ce glabrous, 4-lobed, usually reexed or pa - dl., Linnaea 4: 185. 1829. tent, aestivation valvate, tube with a ring of Syn.: Anisomeris obtusa (Cham. & Schltdl.) moniliform hairs; stamens 4, included or ex- K. Schum.; Caruelina obtusa (Cham. & Schltdl.) serted, inserted at the upper part of the corolla Kuntze; Chomelia obtusa Cham. & Schltdl. var. tube, anthers subsessile, dorsi!xed, elliptic, brevifolia Muell. Arg.; Chomelia obtusa Cham. & narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong, round at Schltdl. var. pubescens Hassl. base and at apex, dorsi!xed near the middle, pollen 3-porate, exine double-reticulate; ova- 10-4. Chomelia occidentalis Muell. ry 2-locular; ovules numerous in each locule, Arg., Flora 58: 452, 457. 1875. horizontal, the placenta adnate to the ½ of the septum, placentation peltate, ovules many in 10-5. Chomelia pohliana Muell. Arg., each locule; style included or exserted, style Flora 58: 452, 457. 1875. branches 2, reexed at maturity, elliptic or oblong, nectariferous disc bipartite, semi-glo- 10-6. Chomelia ribesioides Benth. ex bose. Fruit baccate, spongy, obovoid or ellipti- A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 4: 38. 1860. cal, blue or purple, crowned by the persistent, Syn.: Malanea ribesioides (Benth. ex A. green calyx; seeds numerous, minute, hori- Gray) Muell. Arg. zontal, orbicular, subangulate, plano-convex or 3-5-angular; testa granulate, brownish. 28 10-7.7. Chomelia sessilis Muell. Arg., Literature: Steyermark, J. A in B. Ma- Flora 58: 451, 456. 1875. guire & Coll., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 17: 299-307. 1967; Steyermark, J.A. in T. Lasser & 11. COCCOCYPSELUM P. Browne, J.A. Steyermark, Flora Venez. 9(1): 478-494. nom. et orth. cons ., Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 144. 1974; Steyermark, J.A., Ann. Missouri Bot. 1756. Type: C. repens Sw. (conserved type). Gard. 74(1): 85-116. 1987; Steyermark, J.A., Syn.: Sicelium P. Browne, nom. rej . (1756); Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 74(2): 398-400. 1987; Tontanea Aubl. (1775); Bellardia Schreber, nom. Robbrecht, E., Kew Mag. 10: 76-80. 1993; Cos- rej. (1789); non Bellardia Allioni (1785, Scro- ta, C. B. O gênero C occocypselum (Coccocyp- phulariaceae), nec Colla (1835, Asteraceae); seleae-Rubiaceae) no Estado de São Paulo. Condalia Ruiz & Pav., nom. rej . (1794); non Master Thesis, Univ. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Condalia Cav., nom. cons. (1799, Rhamnaceae); 1999; Costa, C. B., Revisão taxonômica de C oc- Lipostoma D. Don (1830). cocypselum (Rubiaceae). Doctoral Dissertation, Perennial herbs, with prostrate, cree- Univer. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. 2004; Costa, C. ping, decumbent, or erect-ascending stems; B. & P.G. Delprete in A. Reis, Fl. Ilustr. Catari- stems green or purple, glabrous to pubescent. nense RUBI (1): 79-118. 2004; Costa, C. B. & Raphides present. Stipules interpetiolar, small, J.A. Steyermark in J.A. Steyermark et al., Fl. simple, low ridge to triangular, aristate, linear Venez. Guay. 8: 553-556. 2004. to subulate, persistent, glabrous or pubescent, Distribution: Ranging from Mexico, with colleters at the apex and basal colleters throughout Central America, the Greater An- on both side of the awn. Leaves opposite, pe- tilles, to Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and tiolate, herbaceous, membranaceous or eshy, northern Argentina: ca. 18 species; in MT and sometimes purple or blue-lavender below, MS 5 species. domatia absent. Inorescence axillary, sessile to pedunculate, capituliform or glomeriform, 11-1.1. Coccocypselum aureum (Spreng.) 1-20 owered, bracts and bracteoles small, Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 4: 139. 1829. Syn.: Schwenkfeldia aurea Spreng.; Coc- tent; lobes 4 or 5, broadly triangular to broadly cocypselum oblongatum Urb.; Rondeletia capitata ovate. Corolla hypocrateriform or narrowly Benth.; Coccocypselum aureum var. capitatum infundibuliform, actinomorphic, white, cre- (Benth.) Steyerm.; Coccocypselum x oblongatum am-white, pinkish-white to pink; tube exter- (Urb.) Borhidi & Muniz. nally glabrous, internally glabrous or villous; lobes 4-8, right-contorted or convolute, ovate, 11-2.2. Coccocypselum condalia Pers., elliptic or oblong, rounded or acute at apex. Syn. Pl. 1: 312. 1805. Stamens included or exserted or exserted; an- Syn.: Condalia repens Ruiz & Pav., Coc- thers narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong, cocypselum umbellatum Poir., nom. superfl .; Ol- round at base and at apex, dorsi!xed near the denlandia cordata Vell.; Coccocyoselum brittonii base; !laments attached at the middle of the Rusby; Coccocypselum decumbens K. Krause; corolla tube, short or long, shorter than corolla Coccocypselum condalia var. caaguazuense Has- tube, glabrous or puberulent at basal portion. sler; Manettia capitata Wernham; Coccocypse- Pollen 3-4-colporate, exine reticulate. Style ex- lum trinitense Steyerm.; Coccocypselum croatii serted, glabrous; lobes 2, lanceolate or linear. Steyerm.; Coccocypselum apurense Steyerm.; Ovary 2-locular, ovoid, obovoid or globose; Coccocypselum huberi Steyerm. ovules centrally inserted, 1 per locule. Fruit a eshy berry, red to purple. Seeds vertical, lar - 11-3.3. Coccocypselum hasslerianum ge, dorsoventrally convex, ventrally sulcate, Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boissier 2(4): 169. 1904. elliptic to broadly elliptic in outline. Syn.: Coccocypselum cordatum K. Krause. Literature: Mueller Argoviensis in Mar- tius, Fl. Bras. 6(5): 75. 1881; K. Schumann in 11-4.4. Coccocypselum hirsutum Bartl. Engler & Prantl, Nat. Panzenfam. 4(4): 104. ex DC., Prodr. 4: 396. 1830. 1891; Smith & Downs, Sellowia 7: 45. 1956; Syn.: Coccocypselum brevipetiolatum Bridson & Verdcourt, in Polhill, Fl. Trop. East Steyerm. Africa, Rubiaceae (Part 2): 703. 1988; Delprete, 29 P.G. et al., in A. Reis, Fl. Ilustr. Catarin. RUBI 11-5.5. Coccocypselum lanceolatum (1): 119-124. 2004. (Ruiz &. Pav.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 132. 1805. Distribution: A paleotropical genus of Syn.: Condalia lanceolata Ruiz & Pav.; about 100 species, eight of which are culti- Coccocypselum canescens Willd. ex Roem. & vated for production of coffee beans. Coffea Schult.; Berlandiera mollis Willd. ex DC.; Ol- arabica , C. liberica , C. robusta and C. canephora denlandia hirsuta Vell.; Coccocypselum dichro- are the most common cultivated species, whi- olasium Mart.; Tontanea canescens (Willd. ex ch are sometimes found in the Neotropics as Roem. & Schult.) Standl.; Coccocypselum cras- escapes or rarely naturalized (Delprete, pers. sifolium Standl. obs.). In MT and MS only one species was re- ported to be cultivated.

12. COFFEA L., Sp. Pl. 172. 1753. Type: 12-1.1. Coffea arabica L., Sp. Pl. 172. 1753. C. arabica L. [cultivated or rarely naturalized]. Syn.: For synonyms see Bridson & Verd- Subshrubs, shrubs or small trees; ra- court (1988). phides absent. Stipules interpetiolar, free or connate at base, deltoid, persistent. Leaves opposite or whorled, 3 or 4 per node, short- 13. CORDIERA A. Rich. in DC., Prodr. to long-petiolate, blades elliptic, obovate or 4: 445. Sep 1830. [A. Rich., Mém. Fam. Rubia- oblong, chartaceous to subcoriaceous; doma- ceé 142, tab. 10, !g. 2A-N. Dec 1830; reimpr. tia dense tufts of hairs or tuft-pits or absent. Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 3, 5: 222, tab. Inorescence axillary, fasciculate. Flowers bi - 20, !g. 2A-N. 1834]. Type: C. triflora A. Rich. sexual, protandrous. Calyx cup-shaped, with Syn.: Gardeniola Cham. (“1835” [1834]); undulate margin or with small lobes, persis- Gardenia subgen. Gardeniola Cham.(“1835” [1834]); Scepseothamnus Cham. (1834); Thie- Literature: Cuatrecasas, J., Rev. Acad. leodoxa Cham., pro parte (1834); Garapatica H. Colomb. Ci. Exact. Fís.-Quim. Nat. 7(28): Karst. (1859). 474-479. 1948; Cuatrecasas, J., Acta Agron. 3: 89-98. 1953; Persson, C., Amer. J. Bot. 87(7): Shrubs, treelets or trees, rarely subshrubs 1018−1028.−1028.1028. 2000; Delprete, P.G. & C. Persson or geofrutices (xylopodial low shrubs); dioe- in J.A. Steyermark et al., Fl. Venez. Guay. 8: cious; bark smooth, !ssured, sometimes scaly 512-514. 2004; Persson, C. et al. in J.A. Steyer- or longitudinally striated, grayish-white, mark et al., Fl. Venez. Guay. 8: 558-560. 2004; grayish-brown to reddish-brown; wood very Persson, C. & P.G. Delprete, Fl. Neotrop. Mo- hard, yellowish-white. Stipules interpetiolar, nogr. (in progress). facing each other in bud, free or connate at base, Distribution: Ranging from Mexico, membranaceous or chartaceous, sheathing or throughout Central America, the Greater An- transverse ovate to broadly ovate, triangular, tilles, to Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and rarely ovate, persistent. Leaves opposite, sub- northern Argentina: ca. 25-27 species; in MT sessile to long-petiolate; blades ovate, elliptic, and MS 7 species. oblong-elliptic, oblanceolate to obovate, acuminate, caudate, rarely acute or rounded at 13-1.1. Cordiera elliptica (Cham.) Kunt- apex, papyraceous to subcoriaceous, rarely ze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 279. 1891. coriaceous, domatia tuft-pits or tufts of sparse Syn.: Thieleodoxa elliptica Cham.; Aliber- hairs, or absent. Inorescences terminal; male tia elliptica (Cham.) K. Schum. inorescences usually fasciculate, rarely thyr - soid, a 3-owered dichasia, or solitary, 3-11(- 13-2.2. Cordiera hadrantha (Standl.) 14)-owered; female inorescences single-o - C.H. Perss. & Delprete, comb. nov . wered. Male owers (3-)4(-5)-merous; calyx Syn.: Alibertia hadrantha Standl., Field cup-shaped, margin usually truncate, rarely Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 177. 1936. 30 denticulate; corolla usually salverform, aestivation left-contorted, tube sparsely to densely 13-3.3. Cordiera humilis (K. Schum.) puberulent or glabrous outside, often covered Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 279. 1891. by resin, glabrous inside, stamens as many as Syn.: Alibertia humilis K. Schum.; Aliber- corolla lobes, generally sessile or subsessile, tia sessilis var. reticulata K. Schum.; Alibertia dorsi!xed near the base, !laments in the lo - amplexicaulis S. Moore. wer portion of the corolla tube, anthers usually narrowly oblong, included, pollen 3-col- 13-4.4. Cordiera macrophylla (K. porate, exine reticulate; style non-functional, Schum.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 279. 1891. slender, included, rarely slightly exserted, gla- Syn.: Alibertia macrophylla K. Schum.; brous; style branches 2(-3), connivent; ovary Alibertia verrucosa S. Moore. absent. Female owers (4-)5(-6)-merous, ses - sile or subsessile, calyx and corolla as in male 13-5. Cordiera myrciifolia (K. Schum.) ower, but generally having one more corolla C.H. Perss. & Delprete var. myrciifolia , Fl. lobe; stamens non-functional, included, sessi- Venez. Guayana 8: 559. 2004. le or subsessile, anthers narrowly oblong or Syn.: Alibertia myrciifolia K. Schum.; Ali- narrowly elliptic, usually smaller than in male bertia uniflora Standl.; Alibertia myrciifolia Spru- owers, pollen absent; style slender, included, ce ex K. Schum. var. tepuiensis Steyerm.; Ali- glabrous or rarely pilose, style branches 2-3(- bertia triloba Steyerm. 4), with distinct revolute margins that expose stigmatic papillae; ovary glabrous to pube- 13-6.6. Cordiera sessilis ( Vell.) Kuntze, rulent, 2-3(-5)-locular; placenta axial; ovules Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 279. 1891. 3-20 per locule. Fruits berry-like, globose or Syn.: Gardenia sessilis Vell., Alibertia sessi- turbinate, pericarp eshy, sessile, glabrous to lis (Vell.) K. Schum.; Alibertia melloana Hook. f. minutely puberulent, black or yellow; seeds wedge-shaped or ellipsoidal, embedded in a 13-7.7. Cordiera triflora A. Rich. in DC., juicy placental pulp. Prodr. 4: 445. Sep 1830. Syn.: Alibertia triflora (A. Rich. in DC.) K. via, and Brazil: ca. 120 species; the taxonomic Schum; Alibertia tenuifolia K. Krause; Alibertia delimitation of the species of this genus is a steinbachii Standl.; Alibertia benensis Standl. state of ux, for this reason, no synonyms are given the species listed below; in MT and MS 14. COUSSAREA Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guia- 5 species. ne 1: 98. 1775. Type: C. violacea Aubl. Syn.: Pecheya Scopoli (1777; proposed as 14-1.1. Coussarea cornifolia (Benth.) a substitute of Coussarea ). Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2: 121. 1873. Syn.: Faramea cornifolia Benth. Shrubs or small to medium-sized trees. Raphides present. Stipules interpetiolar, free 14-2.2. Coussarea frondosa S. Moore, or connate at base, broadly to narrowly tri- Trans. Linn. Soc. 2nd ser., 4: 375. 1895. angular, sometimes acuminate, persistent. Leaves opposite or whorled, 3 per node, sub- 14-3.3. Coussarea hydrangeifolia (Benth.) sessile to long-petiolate; blades broadly ovate Benth. & Hook. f. ex Muell. Arg., in Mart., Fl. to narrowly ovate, or broadly to narrowly Bras. 6(5): 94. 1881. elliptic, oblong, oblanceolate to lanceolate, Syn.: Faramea hydrangeaefolia Benth. chartaceous, papyraceous or subcoriaceous; domatia tufts of dense hairs, pits or crypts, or 14-4.4. Coussarea platyphylla Muell. absent. Inorescence terminal, few- or many- Arg., Flora 58: 466, 475. 1875. owered (rarely uniorous), paniculate, cy - mose, corymbose or fasciculate. Flowers 4(-5)- 14-5.5. Coussarea regnelliana Muell. merous, bisexual, protandrous; hypanthium Arg., Flora 58: 466, 475. 1875. obconical; calyx cup-shaped or short-tubular, with undulate margin or with minute lobes, persistent; corolla hypocrateriform or nar- 15. COUTAREA Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 31 rowly infundibuliform, white to cream-white, 1: 314. 1775. Type: C. speciosa Aubl. [= C. he- tube glabrous, puberulent or pubescent out- xandra (Jacq.) K. Schum.] side, glabrous inside, without a pubescent ring, lobes valvate, narrowly triangular or Shrubs or small to medium-sized trees; lanceolate, margin entire, acute at apex; sta- bark !ssured; wood white; young branches mens included or partially exserted, !laments often lenticellate. Raphides absent. Stipules attached at the middle or at the upper part of interpetiolar, free at base, broadly triangular the corolla tube, short, glabrous, anthers nar- to deltoid, persistent. Leaves opposite, short- rowly oblong or elongate, round at base, round petiolate; blades ovate, to elliptic, chartaceous or acute at apex; ovary 2-locular or 1-locular to thinly coriaceous; domatia tufts of sparse or by abortion of one locule (initially 2-locular), dense hairs, or absent. Inorescence terminal, ovules basally inserted, 1 per locule, style in- paniculate, frondose or not, sparsely bran- cluded, as long as the corolla tube or exserted ched. Flowers (5-)6-7-merous, bisexual, pro- just beyond the corolla tube, glabrous, style tandrous; ower buds curved; hypanthium branches 2, oblong, narrowly oblong to linear. laterally compressed, obconical or obovate in Fruits drupaceous, subglobose, ellipsoid or outline; calyx cup-shaped, persistent, lobes li- ovoid, leathery or eshy, commonly 1-seeded near; corolla campanulate, zygomorphic, whi- (by abortion of one ovule; or rarely 2-seeded), seed ascending, ellipsoid-ovoid. te, cream-white, pale green, pink, red, violet to Literature: Taylor, C.M. in G. Harling & purple, tube reduplicate at edges, externally L. Andersson, Fl. Ecuador 62: 245-272. 1999; glabrous, internally glabrous, without a pu- Taylor, C.M. & J.A. Steyermark in J.A. Steyer- bescent ring inside, lobes imbricate, ovate to mark et al., Fl. Venez. Guay. 8: 562-567. 2004; deltoid, margin entire, rounded at apex; sta- Delprete, P.G., Blumea 51: 355-364. 2006. mens partially exserted, !laments attached at Distribution: Ranging from Mexico, base of the corolla tube, slender, long, slightly through Central America, Cuba, to Peru, Boli- unequal, glabrous throughout or puberulent at basal portion (glabrous above), anthers li- or forming a line or a collar around the stem, near, round at base and at apex, dorsi!xed !mbriate, topped by 1 central seta or 3-7 se - near the base; pollen 3-colpate, exine echinate- tae, each seta with an apical colleter or a ridge perforate; ovary 2-locular, placentation axile, with 1-6 colleters, persistent. Leaves opposite peltate to the entire length of the septum, ovu- or whorled, 3-5 per node, sessile, subsessile or les many per locule, style exserted just beyond short-petiolate; blades ovate, elliptic, obovate, the corolla, glabrous, style branches 2, ovate. oblong, lanceolate or linear (rarely cordate or Capsules obovate to oblong-ovate in outline, orbicular), chartaceous, papyraceous to sub- laterally compressed, woody, dehiscing locu- coriaceous; domatia tufts of sparse or dense licidally from the apex; seeds many, ascendin- hairs or absent. Inorescence terminal, cymo - gly imbricate, oblong-ovate in outline, wings se, frondose or not, few- to many-owered, concentric, with entire margin. or dichasiate, sometimes with scorpioid bran- Literature: Ochoterena-Booth, H. 1994. ches, rarely uniorous. Flowers 4-merous, Revisión taxonómica del género Coutarea Au- bisexual, protandrous; hypanthium obovoid; blet. Master thesis, Universidad Autonoma de calyx tube extremely reduced, persistent, lo- Mexico; Delprete, P. G. in G. Harling & L. An- bes 2 or 4, broadly to narrowly triangular, dersson, Fl. Ecuador 62: 44-50. 1999. oblong, ovate, lanceolate to linear; corolla hy- Distribution: Ranging from Mexico, pocrateriform or narrowly infundibuliform, throughout Central America, Greater Antilles, white, cream-white, bluish-white or pale to to Peru, Bolivia, Brazil to northern Argentina: deep blue, tube externally glabrous or pubes- 2 species; in MT and MS 1 species. cent internally glabrous and without a pubescent ring inside, lobes valvate, ovate, elliptic, 15-1. Coutarea hexandra (Jacq.) K. narrowly oblong to narrowly triangular, mar- Schum., in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 196, pl. 108. 1889. gin entire, rounded or acute at apex; stamens Syn.: Portlandia hexandra Jacq.; Coutarea included or exserted just beyond the corolla 32 hexandra var. typica K. Schum.; Coutarea hexan- tube, !laments attached at the upper part or dra var. speciosa (Aubl.) K. Schum.; Coutarea near the mouth of the corolla tube, !liform, speciosa Aubl.; Coutarea hexandra var. amazoni- long, glabrous, anthers narrowly oblong to ca K. Schum., var. fluminensis K. Schum., var. linear, round at base and at apex, dorsi!xed pubescens (Pohl) K. Schum; Coutarea hexandra near the base; ovary 2-locular, placenta redu- f. pubescens (Pohl) Steyerm.; Coutarea pubescens ced, ovules basally inserted, erect, 1 per locu- Pohl; Coutarea hexandra var. pubescens (Pohl) K. le, style included or exserted just beyond the Schum. f. tarapotensis K. Schum.; Coutarea he- corolla, glabrous, style branches 2, elliptic or xandra var. campanilla (DC.) Steyerm.; Coutarea oblong. Fruits drupaceous, eshy in early sta - campanilla DC.; Coutarea hexandra var. calycina ge, remaining eshy or turning dry; seeds 2, Chodat & Hassler; Coutarea hexandra f. albiflora vertical, laterally compressed, lenticular. Chodat & Hassler; Coutarea hexandra f. roseii- Literature: Kirkbride, J. H., Mem. New flora Chodat & Hassler, f. grandiflora Chodat & York Bot. Gard. 28: 1-87. 1976; Kirkbride, J. H., Hassler; Coutarea scherffiana André; Brittonia 49: 354-379. 1997; Kirkbride, J. H., Coutarea lindeniana Baill.; Coutarea flaves- Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 70: 204-205. 1983. cens Sessé & Moç. in DC.; Portlandia acumina- Distribution: Ranging from southern ta Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.; Bignonia triflora Mexico, throughout Central America, Cuba, Pav. ex DC. to Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil: ca. 28 species; in MT and MS 3 species. 16. DECLIEUXIA Kunth in Humb. & Bonpl., Nova Gen. Sp. 3: ed. fol. 275. “1818” 16-1.1. Declieuxia cordigera Mart. & [1819]. Type: D. chiococcoides Kunth Zucc. ex Schult. & Schult., Mantissa, Syst. Veg. Syn.: Congdonia Muell. Arg. (1876). 3: 112. 1827.

Perennial herbs, subshrubs or shrubs. 16-2.2. Declieuxia fruticosa (Willd. ex Roem. Raphides present. Stipules interpetiolar, free & Schult.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 279. 1891. Syn.: Houstonia fruticosa Willd. ex Roem. free lobes, actinomorphic, white to cream-whi- & Schult.; Declieuxia chiococcoides Kunth var. gen- te, tube absent; lobes 4, imbricate, rounded. uina Muell. Arg., var. papillosa Muell. Arg., var. Stamens 16-25, in two whorls, exserted among lucida Muell. Arg., var. hirta Muell. Arg., var. the corolla lobes; anthers narrowly oblong, lucida Muell. Arg., var. mexicana (DC.) Muell. round at base, with acuminate extensions at Arg., var. linearis Muell. Arg., var. opaca Muell. apex, dorsi!xed near the base; !laments atta - Arg., in Mart., var. pallida Muell. Arg., var. pu- ched on a ring above the ovary, basally conna- berula Muell. Arg., var. puberulina Muell. Arg., te (forming a minute tube at the base of the co- var. guianensis Muell. Arg.; Declieuxia fruticosa rolla), in two whorls of unequal length, short, (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Kuntze var. guia- glabrous. Pollen 3-zonocolporate, exine foveo- nensis (Muell. Arg.) Standl., ssp. mexicana (DC.) late-perforate. Style exserted well beyond the Borhidi; Declieuxia mexicana DC.; Declieuxia alba corolla lobes, glabrous; lobes 2, ovate. Ovary Zucc. ex Schult. & Schult.; Declieuxia mollis Zucc. 2-locular; placentation axile, ovules many per ex Schult. & Schult.; Declieuxia origanoides Zucc. locule. Capsule septicidal and loculicidal (both ex Schult. & Schult.; Declieuxia rubioides Zucc. ex modes of dehiscence contemporaneous), thin- Schult. & Schult.; Declieuxia chiococcoides Kunth ly woody. Seeds ascendingly imbricate, minute var. vincoides (Mart. & Zucc. ex Schult. & Schult.) to medium-sized, fusiform, laterally compres- Muell. Arg.; Declieuxia vincoides Mart. & Zucc. sed; wings bipolar, acute at both ends. ex Schult. & Schult.; Declieuxia glauca Mart. ex Literauture: Kuhlmann, Arch. Jard. Bot. Cham. & Schltdl.; Declieuxia mucronata Mart. ex Rio de Janeiro 4: 363-365. 1925; Kuhlmann, Ro- Cham. & Schltdl.; Declieuxia pulverulenta Mart. ex driguesia 6(15): 25-27. 1925; Rizzini & Occhio- Cham. & Schltdl.; Declieuxia foliosa Pohl ex DC.; ni, Lilloa 243-286. 1949; Rizzini & Occhioni, Psyllocarpus foliosus Pohl ex DC.; Declieuxia gla- Rodriguesia 15(27); 181-183. 1952; Piesschaert bra Pohl ex DC.; Psyllocarpus glaber Pohl ex DC.; et al., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 84: 201-223. Psyllocarpus trichotomus Pohl ex DC.; Declieuxia 1997; Fay et al., Kew Bull. 55: 853-864. 2000. brevicollis Muell. Arg.; Declieuxia clinopodioides Distribution: Monotypic genus, ende- 33 Muell. Arg.; Declieuxia revoluta Muell. Arg.; De- mic to the Amazon Basin, found only South of clieuxia alfredi Ernst; Declieuxia anceps K. Schum. the Amazon River, in Brazil, Peru and Bolivia. ex Glaziou, nom. nud. ; Declieuxia calophylla Stan- Only known from a few collections from the dl.; Declieuxia fruticosa (Willd. ex Roem. &&Schult.) Schult.) Amazonian portion of MT. Kuntze var. mexicana (DC.) Standl. 17-1. Dialypethalanthus fuscescens 16-3.3. Declieuxia verticillata Muell. Kuhlmann, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 4: Arg., Flora 59(28): 438. 1876. 363. 1925. Syn.: Declieuxia hedemoides Standl.

17. DIALYPETALANTHUS Kuhlmann, 18. DIODELLA J. K. Small, Fl. Miami Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 4: 363. 1925. 177. 1913. Type: Diodella rigida (Cham. & Schl- Type: D. fuscescens Kuhlmann. tdl.) J. K. Small [= Diodella apiculata (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Delprete]. Medium-sized to tall canopy trees; raphides present. Stipules interpetiolar, free at Erect or decumbent, annual or perennial base, bi!d, sometimes deeply divided, so as to herbs, subshrubs or shrubs; raphides present. appear as four stipules, with two foliose lobes Stipules interpetiolar, basal sheath connate each side, persistent. Leaves short- to long-pe- to the petioles, with 3-9 setae, each seta with tiolate; blades elliptic to broadly elliptic or nar- an apical colleter, persistent, often withering rowly to broadly obovate, stify chartaceous to on the stem (no abscission layer is formed). subcoriaceous; domatia absent. Inorescence Leaves opposite or ternate, often seeming terminal, frondose, thyrsoid. Flowers bisexual; whorled by the presence of reduced axillary protandrous. Calyx tube absent, lobes 4, free at brachyblasts with fasciculate leaves, sessile to base, persistent, rounded. Corolla rotate, with short-petiolate; blades ovate, elliptic, oblong, narrowly oblong, lanceolate or cordate, mem- flora Spreng.; Diodia rigida Cham. & Schltdl. branaceous, chartaceous to papyraceous; do- (based on Spermacoce rigida Willd. ex Roem. matia absent. Inorescence axillary, capitate. & Schult., nomen .); Diodia latiflora DC.; Diodia Flowers bisexual, protandrous. Calyx tube conferta DC.; Spermacoce conferta DC.; Diodia extremely reduced, with small or large lobes, grandiflora (Spreng.) DC.; Diodia setigera DC.; persistent; lobes 2, 4 or 5, oblong, lanceolate, Diodia rudis Miq.; Diodia rigida Cham. & Schl- ovate or linear. Corolla hypocrateriform or nar- tdl. var. barbicocca K. Schum.; Diodia rigida rowly infundibuliform, actinomorphic, white, Cham. & Schltdl. var. macrantha K. Schum.; cream-white, pinkish-white, pink, bluish-whi- Diodella rigida (Cham. & Schltdl.) J. K. Small; te to pale blue; tube externally glabrous, in- Diodia rigida Cham. & Schltdl. var. buckii Urb.; ternally pubescent at distal portion; lobes 2, 4 Diodia pulchella Brandegee. or 5, valvate, narrowly ovate to oblong-ovate, acute at apex. Stamens partially exserted or 18-2.2. Diodella radula (Willd. & Hoff- exserted just beyond the corolla, anthers ellip- manns. ex Roem. & Schult.) Delprete in A. Reis, tic or narrowly elliptic, round at base and at Fl. Ilustr. Catarinense RUBI (1): 174. 2004. apex, dorsi!xed near the middle or near the Syn.: Spermacoce radula Willd. & Hoff- base; !laments attached near the mouth of the manns. ex Roem. & Schult., non Spermacoce ra- corolla tube or at lobes sinuses, long, glabrous. dula Spreng., nom. superfl ., Diodia radula (Willd. Pollen multi-colporate, exine foveolate-perfo- & Hoffmanns. ex Roem. & Schult.) Cham. & rate. Style exserted just beyond or well beyond Schltdl.; Diodia muriculata DC. the corolla, glabrous; lobes 2, elliptic, oblong or narrowly oblong. Ovary 2-locular, obconi- 18-3. Diodella rosmarinifolia (Pohl ex cal or obovoid; ovules basally inserted, 1 per DC.) Bacigalupo & E.L. Cabral, comb. nov. locule. Fruit schizocarpic, breaking up into 2 Syn.: Diodia rosmarinifolia Pohl ex DC., indehiscent cocci, papyraceous. Seeds vertical, Prodr. 4: 564. 1830. Type: Brazil, Pohl s.n. (ho- 34 ovate or subellipsoid, dorsoventrally convex, lotype G-DC). ventrally sulcate with a Y-shaped depression. Literature: Small, J. K., Man. Southeast. 18-4. Diodella sarmentosa (Sw.) Baci- Fl. 1264. 1933; Bruza, A revision of the Diodia galupo & E.L. Cabral, Darwiniana 44(1): 100, complex (Rubiaceae), Doctoral Dissertation, !g. 3. 2006. Mississippi State Univ. 1982; Cabral, E L. & Syn.: Diodia sarmentosa Sw.; Diodia scan- N. M. Bacigalupo, Darwiniana 37(1-2): 163. dens Sw. ex Benth.; Diodia riparia Sagot ex K. 1999; Dessein, S., Systematic studies in the Schum. Spermacoceae (Rubiaceae), Doctoral Disserta- tion, K.U. Leuven. 2003; Delprete, P.G. in A. 18-5.5. Diodella teres (Walt.) Small., Flo- Reis, Fl. Ilustr. Catarinense RUBI (1): 167-179. ra of Miami: 177. 1913. 2004; Cabral, E L. & N. M. Bacigalupo, Brit- Syn.: Diodia teres Walt.; Diodia prostrata tonia 129-140. 2005; Bacigalupo, N.M. & E.L. Sw., Diodia teres Walt. var. angustata A. Gray; Cabral, Darwiniana 44(1): 98-104. 2006. Diodia teres Walt. ssp. angustata (A. Gray) Distribution: Tropical, subtropical and Steyerm.; Diodia teres Walt. ssp. angustata (A. temperate areas of the New World; in MT and Gray) Steyerm. f. latior Steyerm.; Diodia teres MS 5 species. Walt. ssp. prostrata (Sw.) Steyerm.; Diodia teres Walt. ssp. prostrata (Sw.) Steyerm. var. prostra- 18-1. Diodella apiculata (Willd. ex ta f. latifolia Steyerm., f. leiocarpa Steyerm. Roem. & Schult.) Delprete in A. Reis, Fl. Ilustr. Catarinense RUBI (1): 169. 2004. 19. DIODIA L., Sp. Pl. 104. 1753. Type: Syn.: Spermacoce apiculata Willd. ex D. virginiana L Roem. & Schult., Diodia apiculata (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) K. Schum.; Spermacoce rigida Erect or decumbent, annual or perennial Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.; Spermacoce rigida herbs, subshrubs or shrubs; raphides present. Kunth., non Salisb. (1796); Spermacoce grandi- Stipules interpetiolar, basal sheath connate to the petioles, with 3-9 setae, each seta with 19-1.1. Diodia kunzei K. Schum. in Mart., an apical colleter, persistent, often withering Fl. Bras. 6(6): 15. 1888. on the stem (no abscission layer is formed). Leaves opposite or ternate, often seeming 19-2.2. Diodia macrophylla K. Schum. in whorled by the presence of reduced axillary Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 401. 1889. brachyblasts with fasciculate leaves, sessile to Syn.: Non Oldenlandia macrophylla DC. short-petiolate; blades ovate, elliptic, oblong, [= Pentodon pentandrus (Schumach. & Thonn.) narrowly oblong, lanceolate or cordate, mem- Vatke] branaceous, chartaceous to papyraceous; do- 19-3.3. Diodia saponariifolia Cham. & matia absent. Inorescence axillary, capitate. Schltdl.) K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 16. Flowers bisexual, protandrous. Calyx tube 1888. extremely reduced, with small or large lobes, Syn.: Borreria saponariifolia Cham. & persistent; lobes 2, 4 or 5, oblong, lanceolate, Schltdl., Diodia saponarioides (Cham. & Schl- ovate or linear. Corolla hypocrateriform or tdl.) Presl., orth. var . narrowly infundibuliform, actinomorphic, white, cream-white, pinkish-white, pink, 20. DUROIA L. f., Suppl. 30, 209. 1782, bluish-white to pale blue; tube externally gla- nom. cons. emend. prop . Type: D. eriopila L. f. brous, internally pubescent at distal portion; Syn.: Pubeta L. (1775), nom. rej ., Coupoui lobes 2, 4 or 5, valvate, narrowly ovate to Aubl. (1775), nom. rej. prop ., Cupirana Miers oblong-ovate, acute at apex. Stamens partially (1878), nom. illeg. superfl. exserted or exserted just beyond the corolla, anthers elliptic or narrowly elliptic, round at Small to tall trees, dioecious; in a few base and at apex, dorsi!xed near the middle species with terminal internodes hollow, in- or near the base; !laments attached near the ated, and inhabited by ants. Raphides ab - mouth of the corolla tube or at lobes sinuses, sent. Stipules forming an acute circumscissile long, glabrous. Pollen multi-colporate, exine cap over the shoot apex, shed immediately as 35 foveolate-perforate. Style exserted just beyond shoot extends, or sometimes remaining as spa- or well beyond the corolla, glabrous; lobes 2, the-like structure on terminal and subterminal elliptic, oblong or narrowly oblong. Ovary 2- nodes. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3-5, of- locular, obconical or obovoid; ovules basally ten clustered at the branch tips, short- to long- inserted, 1 per locule. Fruit indehiscent, pa- petiolate; blades obovate or elliptic, commonly pyraceous or crustaceous, longitudinally sul- acuminate at apex; domatia absent. Inores - cate (between the two cocci). Seeds vertical, cences terminal; male inorescences common - narrowly oblong to narrowly ellipsoid, dorso- ly fasciculate, rarely umbellate, (7-)10-26-o - ventrally convex, ventrally sulcate with nar- wered; female inorescence 1(-3)-owered. rowly elliptic depression (not Y-shaped). Male owers (4-)6(-7)-merous; calyx tubular Literature: Small, J. K., Man. Southeast. or cup-shaped, usually truncate, or margin Fl. 1264. 1933; Bruza, A revision of the Diodia with lobes broadly to narrowly triangular to complex (Rubiaceae), Doctoral Dissertation, linear; corolla hypocrateriform or narrowly Mississippi State Univ. 1982; Cabral, E L. & N. infundibuliform, white to cream-white , aes- M. Bacigalupo, Darwiniana 37(1-2): 163. 1999; tivation contorted, tube retrorsely, rarely an- Dessein, S., Systematic studies in the Sper- trorsely sericeous outside, glabrous inside, or macoceae (Rubiaceae), Doctoral Dissertation, slightly tomentose at base inside; stamens as K.U. Leuven. 2003; Delprete, P.G. in A. Reis, many as corolla lobes, sessile, inserted near the Fl. Ilustr. Catarinense RUBI (1): 180-185. 2004; middle or in the lower portion of the corolla, Cabral, E L. & N. M. Bacigalupo, Brittonia 129- anthers narrowly oblong or lorate, included, 140. 2005. pollen 3-porate, exine reticulate; ovary absent, Distribution: Tropical, subtropical and style non-functional, slender, included, some- temperate areas of the New World; in MT and times slightly exserted, glabrous or tomentose MS 3 species. at base, furrowed, with 2-3 short connivent branches. Female owers 7-9-merous, sessi - le; calyx and corolla shape as in male owers; stamens non-functional, included; style with bisexual, protandrous; hypanthium obconical slightly exserted tip, glabrous, style branches to narrowly obconical; calyx tube extreme- 4-5; ovary sericeous or very sparsely puberu- ly reduced, persistent, lobes minute to small, lent. Fruit berry-like, ellipsoid, sometimes glo- narrowly triangular, lanceolate, narrowly bose or subglobose, leathery, sessile, brownish lanceolate to linear; corolla broadly infundi- or grayish, crowned with the persistent calyx; buliform, white, cream-white, tube externally seeds numerous, horizontal, sublenticular, glabrous, internally pubescent at basal portion embedded in a eshy placental pulp. or villous, without a pubescent ring inside, Literature: Persson, C., Am. J. Bot. 87(7): lobes valvate, narrowly ovate, margin entire, 1018-1028. 2000; Persson, C., Rev. Biol. Neo- acute at apex; stamens exserted well beyond trop. 2(2): 65-74. 2005; Persson, C. & E. Ljungs- the corolla, !laments attached near the mouth trand, Taxon 55(1): 236-237. 2006; Steyermark, of the corolla tube or at lobes sinuses, equal, J.A. in Lasser & Steyermark, Fl. Venez. 9(2): glabrous, anthers elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 679-703. 1974; Steyermark, J. in B. Maguire & thecae round at base and at apex, dorsi!xed Coll., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 227-832. near the middle; pollen multi-colporate, exi- 1972; Taylor, C.M. & Steyermark J. A., Fl. Ve- ne echinate-perforate; ovary 2-locular, ovules nez. Guay. 8: 579-587. 2004. centrally inserted, 1 per locule, style exserted Distribution: Ranging from Costa Rica to well beyond the corolla, glabrous, style bran- Bolivia; ca. 25 species; in MT and MS 3 species. ches 2, oblong. Fruits capsular, coriaceous,, dehiscing septicidally from apex, the valves 20-1.1. Duroia eriopila L. f., Suppl. Pl. not splitting; seeds 2, vertical, laterally com- 209. 1781. [dubious report from MT]. pressed, narrowly oblong in outline, wings bipolar, somewhat acute at both ends, margin 20-2.2. Duroia micrantha (Ladbr.) Zaruc- entire. chi & J.H. Kirkbr., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. Literature: Steyermark, J.A., Fl. Venez. 36 77: 851. 1990. 9(3): 1870-1876. 1974; Delprete, P.G. et al., in Syn.: Duroia sprucei Rusby. A. Reis, Fl. Ilustr. Catarinense RUBI (1): 186- 192. 2004. 20-3.3. Duroia prancei Steyerm., Mem. Distribution: Ranging from Colombia, Ve- New York. Bot. Gard. 23: 345. 1972. nezuela, Trinidad, Guianas, to Bolivia throughout Brazil and to northern Argentina: 1 species. 21. EMMEORHIZA Pohl ex Endl., Gen. Pl. 565. 1838. Type: E. brasiliensis (C. Presl) 21-1. Emmeorhiza umbellata (Spreng.) Walp. ( Endlichera brasiliensis C. Presl) K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 408. 1888. Syn.: Endlichera C. Presl (1832), nom. rej . Syn.: Borreria umbellata Spreng., Endli- chera umbellata K. Schum.; Borreria (?) aralioides Vines, terminal internodes herbaceous, Cham. & Schltdl.; Endlichera brasiliensis Presl, basally woody. Raphides present. Stipules in- Emmeorhiza brasiliensis (Presl) Walp.; Emme- terpetiolar, sheathing and connate to the petio- orhiza pohliana Presl; Emmeorrhiza umbellata les, !mbriate, with 3-9 setae, each seta with an (Spreng.) K. Schum. ssp. umbellata var. tomen- apical colleter, persistent often withering on tosa Steyerm.; Emmeorrhiza umbellata (Spreng.) the stem (no abscission layer is formed). Leaves K. Schum. ssp. septentrionalis var. septentrionalis opposite or ternate, often seeming whorled by Steyerm.; Emmeorrhiza umbellata (Spreng.) K.K. the presence of reduced axillary brachyblasts Schum. ssp. septentrionalis var. pubens Steyerm. with fasciculate leaves, sessile, subsessile to short-petiolate; blades ovate, narrowly ova- 22. FARAMEA Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: te, broadly to narrowly elliptic, rhombic to 102. 1775. Type: F. corymbosa Aubl. oblong, chartaceous to papyraceous; doma- Syn.: Potima Hedwig (1806); Tetrame- tia absent. Inorescence terminal, paniculate, rium Gaertn. (1806), nom. rej .; Encopea C. Presl with secondary branches terminating with (1845); Homaloclados Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. many-owered umbels. Flowers 4-merous, f. (1873); Thiersia Baill. (1879). Subshrubs to shrubs or small to me- 22-2.2. Faramea capillipes Muell. Arg., dium-sized trees. Raphides present. Stipules Flora 58: 470. 1867. interpetiolar, connate at base, broadly triangular to deltoid, aristate, persistent. Leaves op- 22-3.3. Faramea chapadensis S. Moore, J. posite, sessile, subsessile or short- to long-peti- Bot. 42: 100. 1904. olate; blades ovate to narrowly ovate, elliptic, narrowly elliptic, oblong, oblanceolate, lan- 22-4.4. Faramea coussaroides S. Moore, ceolate, chartaceous, papyraceous to subcoria- Trans. Linn. Soc., 2nd ser., 4: 375. 1895. ceous; domatia crypts or absent. Inorescence axillary or terminal, paniculate, corymbose or 22-5. Faramea involucellata Muell. cymose, densely or sparsely branched, few- or Arg. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(5): 157. 1881. many-owered, or capitate, subtended or not by bracts, or fasciculate, or uniorous. Flow- 22-6.6. Faramea malmei Standl., Field ers 4-5-merous, bisexual, protandrous; hypan- Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 209. 1936. thium ovoid or globose, sometimes didymous; calyx extremely reduced, cup-shaped or short- 22-7.7. Faramea mattogrossensis Standl., to long-tubular, with undulate margin or with Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 187. 1940. small or foliose lobes, persistent, lobes, when present, broadly to narrowly triangular; corolla 22-8.8. Faramea multiflora A. Rich. in hypocrateriform or narrowly infundibuliform, DC., Prodr. 4: 497. 1830. white, cream-white, bluish-white, pale to deep Syn.: Faramea salicifolia Presl; Faramea amazonica Faramea egensis blue, tube externally glabrous, internally gla- Muell. Arg.; Muell. Arg.; Psychotria cyanea Vell., non Muell. Arg.; brous, without a pubescent ring inside, lobes Coffea umbellata Vell.; Faramea maynensis Spruce valvate, narrowly triangular, margin entire, ex Rusby; Rudgea scandens K. Krause; Faramea acute at apex; stamens included, partially ex- benensis Rusby; Faramea talamancarum Standl.; 37 serted or exserted just beyond the corolla, !la - Faramea cuencana Standl.; Faramea laxula K. ments attached near the mouth of the corolla Krause; Faramea multiflora var. amazonica (Muell. tube, !liform, glabrous, anthers oblong to lin - Arg.) Steyerm., var. epedunculata Steyerm., var. ear, round at base, round, acute, acuminate or maynensis (Rusby) Steyerm., var. salicifolia (Pre- with acute extensions at apex, dorsi!xed near sl) Steyerm., var. benensis (Rusby) Steyerm. the base, ovary 2-locular or 1-locular by abortion of one locule (initially 2-locular), placenta 22-9.9. Faramea sessiliflora Aubl., Hist. reduced, ovules basally inserted, 1 per locule, Pl. Guiane 1: 104, t. 40, f. 2. 1775 [as “sessiora” style exserted just beyond the corolla; !liform p. 104]. throughout, or terete throughout, not eshy; glabrous, or antrorse-puberulent, or antrorse- 22-10.10. Faramea sessilifolia (Kunth) DC., pubescent; lobes 2; ovate, or oblong, or long- Prodr. 4: 497. 1830. linear. Fruits baccate, eshy or leathery; seeds Syn.: Tetramerium sessilifolium Kunth.; 1-2, vertical, laterally compressed, ovoid, Faramea longifolia Benth.; Faramea coarinensis obovoid or reniform. Muell. Arg.; Faramea longifolia var. β petiolaris Literature: Steyermark, J.A., Bradea Muell. Arg.; Faramea planitiarium Standl.; Fara- 1(16): 145-150. 1972; Taylor, C.M. in G. Harling mea costata Steyerm., syn. nov . & L. Andersson, Fl. Ecuador 62: 272-314. 1999; Delprete, P.G., Blumea 51: 355-364. 2006. 22-11.11. Faramea singularis Standl., Field Distribution: Ranging from southern Me- Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 211. 1936. xico, throughout Central America, Greater and Lesser Antilles, to Colombia, Bolivia, and Bra- 22-12.12. Faramea stenomeris Standl., zil: ca. 200 species; in MT and MS 13 species. Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 188. 1940. 22-1.1. Faramea bracteata Benth., Lin- naea 23: 452. 1850. 22-13.13. Faramea torquata Muell. Arg., compressed, irregularly narrowly oblong to Flora 58: 471. 1867. fusiform in outline, wings bipolar, longitudi- nal margin nearly entire, and irregularly dee- 23. FERDINANDUSA Pohl, Pl. Brasil. ply fringed at both ends. 2: 8. 1829. Type: Not designated. Literature: Steyermark, J.A., Mem. New Syn: Ferdinandea Pohl., Flora 10: 153. York. Bot. Gard. 23: 275-285. 1972; Anuncia- 1827, non Ferdinanda Lagasca, Gen. Sp. Pl. ção, E., Revisão taxonômica de Ferdinandusa Nov. 31. 1816 (Asteraceae); Aspidanthera Ben- (Rubiaceae). Doctoral Dissertation, São Paulo th. (1841); Gomphosia Wedd. (1848). Univ., SP, Brazil. 2004. Distribution: Ranging from Nicaragua, Small to medium-sized trees or rarely throughout Central America, to Colombia, tall canopy trees; bark !ssured, pale brown; Bolivia, and Brazil: ca. 23 species; in MT and wood pale yellowish-white. Raphides absent. MS 3 species. Stipules interpetiolar, free or connate at base, lanceolate or oblong, narrowly triangular at 23-1. Ferdinandusa elliptica Pohl, Pl. apex, readily caducous. Leaves opposite or Bras. 2: 9. “1828” [1831]. whorled, 3 per node, short- to long-petiolate; Syn.: Ferdinandusa ovalis Pohl. blades broadly ovate, broadly elliptic, elliptic, oblanceolate or lanceolate; papyraceous, 23-2.2. Ferdinandusa rudgeoides subcoriaceous or thickly coriaceous; domatia (Benth.) Wedd., Ann. Sc. Nat., Ser. 4, 1: 78. absent. Inorescence axillary, paniculate or 1854. cymose, frondose or not, densely or sparsely Syn.: Aspidanthera rudgeoides Benth. branched, few- or many-owered. Flowers 4- 5-merous, bisexual, protandrous; hypanthium 23-3.3. Ferdinandusa speciosa Pohl, Pl. obovoid or narrowly obconical; calyx tube ex- Brasil. 2: 8. “1828” [1831]. 38 tremely reduced or cup-shaped, with undula- Syn.: Ferdinandusa speciosa Pohl f. pubes- te margin or with small lobes, persistent; lobes cens (Wedd.) Steyerm.; Ferdinandusa pubescens broadly to narrowly triangular; corolla hy- Wedd. pocrateriform or narrowly infundibuliform, white, cream-white, orange, red or pale green, 24. GALIANTHE Griseb., Symb. Fl. Ar- tube externally glabrous, internally glabrous gent. 24: 157. 1879. Type: Not designated. throughout or pubescent at basal portion, wi- Syn.: Triodon DC. (1830), non Rich. (1805), thout a pubescent ring, lobes imbricate or left- nec Baumg. (1816); Ebelia Rchb. (1841); Borre- contorted, rounded, margin entire, shallowly ria Meyer sec. Galianthe (Griseb.) K. Schum. in bilobed or with a median indentation at apex; Mart. (1888); Borreria Meyer subg. Galianthe stamens included, exserted just beyond or well (Griseb.) Standl. (1931). beyond the corolla, !laments attached at the upper part of the corolla tube, !liform, long, Annual or perennial herbs, subshrubs or equal or subequal, glabrous, anthers button- shrubs; raphides present. Stipules sheathing, shaped, or elliptic, or narrowly elliptic; thecae with 3-9 setae, each seta with an apical col- round at base; round at apex, dorsi!xed near leter, persistent, sometimes withering on the the middle, or dorsi!xed near the base; pol - stem (no abscission layer is formed). Leaves len 3-4-colporate, exine reticulate; ovary 2-lo- opposite or ternate, often seeming whorled by cular, placentation axile, peltate to the entire the presence of reduced axillary brachyblasts length of the septum, ovules many per locule, with fasciculate leaves, sessile to short-petio- style included or exserted just beyond or well late; blades narrowly ovate, elliptic, oblong beyond the corolla, !liform, glabrous, style or linear, membranaceous, chartaceous or branches 2, ovate, elliptic or oblong. Fruits papyraceous; domatia absent. Inorescence capsular, woody, dehiscing septicidally form terminal, corymbose or long-thyrsoid with apex, with valves secondarily splitting at apex corymbose lateral branches. Flowers bisexual, in old capsules; seeds many, peltate, laterally protandrous. Calyx tube extremely reduced, with small lobes, persistent; lobes 2 or 4, nar- (Cham. & Schlecht.) DC.; Triodon glomeratum rowly triangular or linear. Corolla narrowly DC.; Triodon polymorphum (Cham. & Schltdl.) to broadly infundibuliform, actinomorphic, DC.; Triodon polymorphum (Cham. & Schltdl.) white, cream-white, bluish-white to pale blue; DC. var. macrophyllum (Cham. & Schltdl.) DC.; tube externally glabrous, puberulent or pu- Diodia polymorpha Cham. & Schltdl. DC. var. bescent, internally variably pubescent; lobes microphylla (Cham. & Schlecht) Standl. 4, valvate, narrowly triangular, narrowly ovate or oblong, acute at apex. Stamens included, 24-2.2. Galianthe cristata (S. Moore) E.L. partially exserted or exserted just beyond the Cabral, Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 27: 241. 1992. corolla; anthers elliptic, narrowly elliptic or Syn.: Borreria cristata S. Moore; Sperma- oblong, round at base and at apex, dorsi! - coce matogrossensis Govaert xed near the base; !laments attached near the 24-3.3. Galianthe eupathorioides (Cham. mouth of the corolla tube or at lobes sinuses, & Schltdl.) E.L. Cabral, Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. short or long, glabrous. Pollen 6-8-colporate; 27: 242. 1992. exine echinate-perforate or echinate-reticula- Syn.: Borreria eupathorioides Cham. && te. Style exserted just beyond the corolla or Schltdl. partially exserted or included, glabrous; lobes 2, ovate or oblong. Ovary 2-locular, obovoid 24-4.4. Galianthe fastigiata Griseb., Go- or turbinate; ovules centrally inserted, 1 per ett. Abh. 24: 157. 1879. locule. Fruit septicidal capsule, dehiscing ba- Syn.: Borreria verbenoides Cham. & Schl- sipetally, chartaceous. Seeds vertical, minute tdl. f. secunda Cham. & Schltdl., f. tertia Cham. or medium-sized, dorsoventrally convex, ven- & Schltdl., f. cuarta Cham. & Schltdl.; Borreria trally sulcate. fastigiata (Griseb.) K. Schum.; Borreria leiophylla Literature: Cabral, E. L., Bol. Soc. Argent. K. Schum.; Spermacoce fastigiata (Griseb.) Nie- Bot. 27: 235-249. 1991; Pire & E. L. Cabral, Da- derl.; Spermacoce leiophylla (K. Schum.) Kuntze; Spermacoce fastigiata (Griseb.) Kuntze; Borreria rwiniana 31: 1-10. 1992; Cabral, E. L. Bonplan- 39 dia 7: 1-29. 1993; E. L. Cabral & Bacigalupo, thalictroides auct. non K. Schum. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 84: 857-877. 1997; Pire, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 84: 878-887. 1997; E. 24-5.5. Galianthe pseudopetiolata E.L. L. Cabral & Bacigalupo, Bonplandia 10: 119- Cabral, Bonplandia 7: 26. 1993. 128. 2000; E. L. Cabral & Bacigalupo, Bol. Soc. 24-6.6. Galianthe verbenoides (Cham. Argent. Bot. 34: 149-155. 2000; Dessein, Syste- & Schltdl.) Griseb., Symb. Fl. Argent. 24: 157. matic studies in the Spermacoceae (Rubiaceae), 1879. Doctoral Thesis, K.U. Leuven. 2003. Syn.: Borreria verbenoides Cham. & Schltdl. Distribution: Endemic to South Ameri- f. prima Cham. & Schltdl.; Borreria valerianoides ca, with center of diversity in Brazil, Bolivia, f. prima Cham. & Schlecht.; Spermacoce verbe- Uruguay, Paraguay, and northern Argentina; noides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Niederl.; Spermacoce ca. 45 species; in MT and MS 6 species. eupatorioides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze; Sper- macoce valerianoides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kunt- 24-1.1. Galianthe brasiliens is (Spreng.) ze; Spermacoce verbenoides (Cham. & Schltdl.) E.L. Cabral & Bacigalupo, Ann. Missouri Bot. Kuntze, comb. superfl .; Borreria thalictroides K. Gard. 84: 861, !g. 2. “1997” [1998]. Schum. var. latifolia Chodat & Hassler; Borreria Syn.: Diodia brasiliensis Spreng.; non chodatiana Standl. (based on Borreria thalictroi- Spermacoce brasiliensis Spreng. (= Spermaco- des var. latifolia Chodat & Hassler); Spermacoce ce tenella Kunth); Diodia polymorpha Cham. & verbenoides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Herter, comb. Schlecht; Diodia polymorpha Cham. & Schle- superfl .; Borreria verbenoides Cham. & Schltdl. cht. var. anthospermoides (Cham. & Schlecht.) var. eupatorioides (Cham. & Schltdl.) L.B. Sm. & Downs; Galianthe chodatiana (Standl.) E.L. K. Schum.; Diodia polymorpha Cham. & Schle- Cabral; Galianthe eupatorioides (Cham. & Schlt- cht. var. macrophylla Cham. & Schlecht.; Diodia dl.) E.L. Cabral; Galianthe valerianoides (Cham. polymorpha microphylla Cham. & Schlecht. var. & Schltdl.) E.L. Cabral; Spermacoce chodatiana Diodia anthospermoides Cham. & Schlecht.; (Standl.) Govaert. Cham. & Schlecht.; Triodon anthospermoides 25. GALIUM L., Sp. Pl. 105. 1753, nom. to southern Argentina and Chile: ca. 60 neo- cons. des. Type: G. verum L. tropical species; in MT and MS 3 species. Syn.: Galium sect. Relbunium Endl. (1838); Relbunium (Endl.) Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. 25-1.1. Galium hypocarpium (L.) Endl. f. (1873). ex Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 4: 351. 1861. Syn.: Valantia hypocarpia L., Rubia hy- Erect, sprawling or climbing herbs, an- pocarpia (L.) DC.; Rubia chilensis Molina; Ga- nual or perennial herbs (subshrubs outside lium croceum Ruiz & Pav.; Galium ovale Ruiz MT and MS). Raphides present. Stipules com- & Pav.; Rubia incana Kunth; Rubia orinocensis monly of same shape and size of the leaves, Kunth; Rubia nitida Kunth; Rubia hispida Willd. persistent. Leaves whorled, including the ex Spreng, nom. nud .; Galium fluminense Vell.; leaf-like stipules, commonly 4 (rarely 6-8) per Rubia relbun Cham. & Schltdl.; Rubia indeco- node (including the 2 leaf-like stipules); sub- ra Cham. & Schltdl.; Rubia crocea DC.; Rubia sessile or sessile ; blades ovate, narrowly ova- ramosissima Pohl ex DC.; Rubia ramosissima te, elliptic, narrowly elliptic, oblong, lanceola- var. hispida Wawra; Rubia ovalis DC.; Rubia te or linear; membranaceous or chartaceous; rupestris Gardner; Rubia affinis Gardner; Ru- domatia absent. Inorescence axillary or ter - bia glabra Gardner; Galium rupestre Walp.; Ga- minal, paniculate or cymose, frondose or not, lium gardneri Walp. ( nom. nov . for Rubia glabra 1-, few- or many-owered. Flowers (3-)4-5- Gardner); Galium relbun D. Clos; Galium albi- merous, bisexual, morphologically unisexual cans Wedd. (based on Rubia incana Kunth; non (staminate and pistillate owers on separate Galium incanum Sibth. & Small); Galium qui- individuals), functionally unisexual (stami- tense Wedd. (based on Rubia nitida Kunth; non nate and pistillate owers on separate indivi - Galium nitidum Sieber, nec G. nitidum Willd.); duals) or unisexual and bisexual on the same Galium brasiliense Wawra; Relbunium orino- individual (polygamous-monoecious); hypan- cense K. Schum.; Galium pauciflorum Willd. ex 40 thium ovoid; calyx tube absent, lobes free at K. Schum., nom. nud .; Relbunium hypocarpium base, caducous, lobes ovate, lanceolate to nar- Hemsl. var. relbun (D. Clos) K. Schum., var. rowly ovate; corolla campanulate, urceolate indecorum (Cham. & Schltdl.) K. Schum., var. or rotate, white, cream-white, greenish-white, incanum (Kunth) K. Schum., var. alpestre K. yellow, yellowish-white, (pink, red or maro- Schum. (based on Rubia orinocensis Cham. & on in South American species outside MT and Schltdl.), var. viridiflorum Chodat; ssp. nitidum MS), tube (when present) externally glabrous, Ehrend., ssp. grandifolium Ehrend., ssp. flumi- internally glabrous, pubescent or hispid, lo- nense Ehrend.; Relbunium nitidum K. Schum.; bes valvate, ovate, margin entire, rounded at Relbunium ovale K. Schum.; Relbunium croceum apex; stamens alternate to the corolla lobes, K. Schum.; Relbunium bangii Rusby; Relbunium !laments short, glabrous, anthers elliptic or wettstenii A. Zahlbr.; Relbunium relbun (D. oblong, round at base and at apex, dorsi!xed Clos) Herter; Relbunium glaberrimum Standl.; near the middle; ovary 2-locular, placenta axi- Relbunium rupestre Ehrend.; Relbunium inde- le, reduced, ovules centrally inserted, vertical, corum (Cham. & Schltdl.) Ehrend.; Relbunium ovules 1 per locule, styles 2, sometimes united gracillimum Ehrend.; Galium hypocarpium ssp. at base, capitate, glabrous. Fruit baccate (schi- gracillimum (Ehrend.) Dempster, ssp. indeco- zocarpic and breaking up into 2 dehiscent dry rum (Cham. & Schltdl.) Dempster. cocci outside MT and MS); seeds 2, vertical, dorsally convex, attached to the pericarp. 25-2. Galium megapotamicum Literature: Dempster, L.T., Allertonia Spreng., Syst. Veg. 4: 39. 1827. 5(3): 283-344. 1990; Dempster, L.T. & P.G. Del- Syn.: Galium apricum Vell.; Galium campo- prete in A. Reis, Fl. Ilustr. Catarin. RUBI (1): rum Pohl ex DC.; Galium radicosum Steud.; Rel- 273-342. 2004. bunium hirtum subsp. camporum (Pohl ex DC.) Distribution: Cosmopolitan of ca. 400 K. Schum.; Relbunium hirtum subsp. camporum f. species in tropical and temperate environ- floribundum K. Schum.; Relbunium hirtum subsp. ments; in the New World ranging from Alaska reflexum K. Schum.; Relbunium hirtum subsp. reflexum K. Schum. f. glabriflora K. Schum.; Relbu- am-white in early stages, turning yellowish- nium hirtum var. camporum (Pohl ex DC.) Standl.; white to yellow at later stages, tube externally Relbunium megapotamicum (Spreng.) Ehrend.; glabrous or puberulent, internally pubescent, Relbunium megapotamicum (Spreng.) Ehrend. lobes 5-8 or 10-16 in bi-seriate cultivars, left- subsp. camporum (Pohl ex DC.) Ehrend. contorted, ovate, obovate, rounded or elliptic, margin entire or undulate, rounded, ovate or 25-3.3. Galium noxium (A. St. Hil.) acute at apex; stamens included or partially Dempster, Allertonia 5(3): 292. 1990. exserted, anthers subsessile, narrowly oblong, Syn.: Rubia noxia A. St. Hil., Relbunium elongate to linear, acute at base and at apex, noxium (A. St. Hil.) K. Schum.; Rubia valantioi- sometimes with acute extensions at apex, dor- des Cham. & Schltdl., non Galium valantioides si!xed near the base; pollen 3-porate, exine ru - M. Bieb.; Galium paratyense Vell.; Rubia aspera gulate, released as tetrads; ovary 2-6-locular, Pohl ex DC.; Rubia diffusa Pohl ex DC.; Relbu- placentation parietal, ovules many per locule, nium asperum (DC.) K. Schum.; Relbunium dif- style included or exserted just beyond the co- fusum (DC.) K. Schum.; Relbunium diffusum rolla tube, capitate or clavate, glabrous or pu- (DC.) K. Schum. var. glabrum K. Schum., non berulent or pubescent at basal portion, styles Rubia glabra Gardner; Relbunium vaillantioides branches 2-6, ovate, elliptic, oblong, narrowly (Cham. & Schltdl.) K. Schum., orth. var .; Relbu- oblong. Fruits baccate, leathery, with a eshy nium hypocarpium (L.) Endl. ex Griseb. f. denti- pulp; seeds many, horizontal, subglobose, culata Chod. & Hassl.; Relbunium noxium (A. St. dorsoventrally or laterally compressed, broa- Hil.) K. Schum. var. pilcomayense Hassl.; Galium dly elliptic to narrowly elliptic in outline. noxium (A. St. Hil.) Dempster subsp. noxium ; Literature: Delprete, P.G. et al. in A. Reis, Galium noxium (A. St. Hil.) Dempster subsp. Fl. Ilustr. Catarin. RUBI (2): 349-352. 2005; Smi- valantioides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Dempster. th, A. C., Amer. J. Bot. 61(2): 109-128. 1974. Distribution: A genus of ca. 200 species 26. GARDENIA Ellis, Philos. Trans. 51: native of the Old World, with 1 species com- 41 935, pl. 23. 1761, nom. cons . Type: G. jasminoi- monly the cultivated in the Neotropics (and des J. Ellis [= G. augusta (L.) Merrill] around the world) for its fragrant and beauti- ful owers. Shrubs or small trees. Raphides absent. 26-1.1. Gardenia augusta (L.) Merr., Int. Stipules interpetiolar, free, connate at base to Herb. Amb. 485. 1917. [cultivated] or long-sheathing, ovate, deltoid, narrowly Syn: Varneria augusta L.; Gardenia jasmi- triangular to lanceolate, sometimes acumina- noides J. Ellis; Gardenia florida L. te at apex, persistent or subcaducous. Leaves opposite, or whorled, 3 per node, subsessil or 27. GENIPA L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 931. short-petiolate; blades ovate, broadly to nar- 1759. Type: G. americana L. rowly elliptic, broadly to narrowly obovate or oblong, chartaceous, papyraceous or subcoriaceous; domatia tufts of sparse hairs or tuft- Small to large trees; bark smooth, pits, or absent. Inorescence terminal, axillary grayish. Stipules interpetiolar free or conna- or pseudoaxillary, cymose or corymbose, 1- or te at base, persistent or subpersistent. Leaves few-owered. Flowers 5-8-merous, biseriate opposite, petiolate; blades narrowly obovate, in some cultivars, bisexual, protandrous, very obovate, rarely elliptic, acute or acuminate, fragrant; hypanthium obconical or obovoid; sometimes rounded at apex, chartaceous; do- calyx tube extremely reduced or short- to long- matia absent. Inorescences terminal or pseu - tubular, persistent; lobes minute, small or fo- doaxillary, becoming woody with age; her- liose, broadly to narrowly triangular, ovate, maphroditic inorescences compound cymes, elliptic, ligulate, oblong, oblong-obovate, spa- 5-30(-60)-owered, female inorescence 1(-2)- tulate or lanceolate; corolla uni- or bi-seriate owered; hermaphroditic owers 5(-6)-me - in some cultivars, campanulate, hypocrateri- rous; bracts and bracteoles ovate, sometimes form or narrowly infundibuliform, white, cre- with !mbriate margin; calyx tubular, wavy, jagged or with tiny deltoid awns at margin; & Hassl.; Genipa excelsa K. Krause; Genipa codo- corolla salverform to funnelform, aestivation nocalyx Standl.; Genipa venosa Standl.; Genipa contorted, tube retrorsely sericeous outside, americana var. caruto (Kunth) K. Schum. f. jor- villous and hirsute in median or upper por- gensenii Steyerm. tion inside, and with a distinct ring of antrorse hairs in the basal or median portion; stamens 27-2.2. Genipa spruceana Steyerm., as many as corolla lobes, sessile or subsessi- Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 353 (1972). le, stamens inserted near the top of the corolla tube, anthers narrowly oblong, subdorsi!xed, 28. GEOPHILA D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal exserted, pollen 3-colporate, exine reticulate; 136. 1825, nom. cons . Type: G. reniformis D. Don style slender exserted, glabrous, with 2 con- Syn.: Carinta Wight (1905); Geocardia nivent branches, these with a ridged outer Standl. (1914). surface; ovary glabrous, 1-2-locular; placenta axial-parietal, ovules numerous. Female o - Trailing, delicate herbs, rooting at no- wers 5-6-merous, pedicellate; calyx as in her- des and internodes. Raphides present. Sti- pules interpetiolar, free or sheathing at base, maphroditic owers, but larger; corolla shape orbicular to ovate (sometimes bi!d), usually as in hermaphroditic owers; stamens non- reexed, persistent. Leaves opposite, long- functional, exserted; anthers, smaller than in petiolate; blades suborbicular, reniform or hermaphroditic owers, and without pollen; cordate, membranaceous or chartaceous; do- style slender, exserted; style branches 2, rid- matia absent. Inorescence terminal, cymose ged on outer surface, and with revolute mar- or capitate, few-owered. Flowers (4-)5-7-me - gins; ovary as in hermaphroditic owers, but rous, bisexual; hypanthium ovoid to narrowly larger. Fruit berry-like, ellipsoidal or subglo- ellipsoid; calyx cup-shaped, persistent, lobes bose, leathery, glabrous, calyx persistent or small, narrowly triangular to linear; corolla 42 subpersistent, yellowish brown, khaki-colou- hypocrateriform or infundibuliform, white red, brownish or grayish brown; seeds nu- to cream-white, tube externally glabrous, in- merous, at or sublenticular, embedded in a ternally puberulent, with a pubescent ring at eshy placental pulp. stamens insertion point, lobes valvate, ovate, Literature: Persson, C., Nordic J. Bot. acute at apex; stamens included, !laments at - 20(3): 257-269. 2000; Persson, C., Brittonia tached at the middle of the corolla tube, short 55(2): 176-201. 2003; Steyermark, J.A. in Lasser (anthers subsessile), glabrous; stamens short, & Steyermark, Fl. Venez. 9(2): 660-669. 1974; anthers narrowly-oblong to linear, round at Steyermark, J. in B. Maguire & Coll., Mem. base, round or acute at apex, dorsi!xed near New York Bot. Gard. 23: 346-355. 1972; Zappi, the middle; ovary 2-locular, ovules centrally D.C. et al., Kew Bull. 50: 761–771. 1995; Steyer- inserted, vertical, 1 per locule, style included, mark, J.A. & C. Persson in Steyermark, J.A. & !liform, glabrous, style branches 2, ovate. al., Fl. Venez. Guay. 8: 605-608. 2004. Fruits drupaceous, with 2 woody pyrenes, Distribution: ranging from Mexico and orange to dark red, usually contorted at matu- the West Indies to Argentina, 2-3 species; in rity; seeds vertical. MT and MS 2 species. Literature: Andersson, L. in G. Harling & L. Andersson, Fl. Ecuador 62: 235-239. 1999; 27-1.1. Genipa americana L., Syst. Nat. Taylor, C.M. & J.A. Steyermark in Steyermark, ed. 10, 931. 1759. [native and cultivated] J.A. & al., Fl. Venez. Guay. 8: 608-610. 2004. Syn.: Gardenia genipa Sw. (based on Ge- Distribution: Genus of pantropical dis- nipa americana L.); Genipa oblongifolia Ruiz & tribution; in the Neotropics ranging from sou- Pav..; Genipa caruto Kunth; Genipa humilis Vell.; thern Mexico, throughout Central America, Genipa pubescens DC.; Genipa barbata Presl.; Ge- Greater and Lesser Antilles, to Colombia, Bo- nipa americana var. caruto (Kunth) K. Schum.; livia, and Brazil: ca. 10 species; in MT and MS Genipa americana var. caruto (Kunth) K. Schum. 1 species. f. grandifolia Chod. & Hassl., f. parvifolia Chod. 28-1.1. Geophila repens (L.) I. M. Johnst., narrowly oblong to linear. Fruits drupaceous, Sargentia 8: 281. 1949. spongy, or slightly spongy at early stage and Syn.: Rondeletia repens L., Carinta repens dry and indehiscent at dispersal stage, or schi- (L.) L.B. Sm. & Downs; Psychotria herbacea zocarpic and breaking up into 2 mericarps Jacq.; Psychotria violacea Aubl.; Geophila viola- (or 4 outside MT and MS), with cartilaginous cea (Aubl.) DC.; Geophila cordata Miq.; Mapou- pyrenes; seeds many, horizontal, 3-5-angular. rea herbacea (Jacq.) Muell. Arg.; Geophila herba- Literature: Ståhl, B. in G. Harling & L. cea (Jacq.) K. Schum.; Carinta herbacea (Jacq.) Andersson, Fl. Ecuador 62: 70-101. 1999. W. F. Wight; Geocardia cordata (Miq.) Standl.; Distribution: Ranging from Mexico, Geocardia violacea (Aubl.) Standl. throughout Central America, Greater and Les- ser Antilles, to Colombia, Bolivia, and Brazil: 29. GONZALAGUNIA Ruiz & Pav., ca. 35 species; in MT and MS 1 species. Prodr. 12 (prim.). 1794. Type: G. dependens Ruiz & Pav. 29-1. Gonzalagunia dicocca Cham. & Syn.: Buena Cav. (1800), non Buena Pohl Schltdl., Linnaea 4: 194. 1829. (1826, = Cosmibuena Ruiz & Pav.); Gonzalea Syn.: Gonzalea dicocca (Cham. & Schltdl.) Pers. (1805); Duggena Vahl ex Standl. (1916). Steud.; Gonzalagunia surinamensis Bremek.; Gonzalagunia dicocca Cham. & Schltdl. subsp. Scandent shrubs or small trees with dicocca var. guianensis Steyerm.; Gonzalagunia scandent lateral branches. Raphides absent. dicocca Cham. & Schltdl. subsp. venezuelensis Stipules interpetiolar, free or connate at base, Steyerm. broadly to narrowly triangular, acuminate to aristate at apex, persistent. Leaves opposite, 30. GUETTARDA L., Sp. Pl. 991. 1753. subsessile or short- to long-petiolate; blades Type: G. speciosa L. ovate to narrowly ovate, elliptic to narrowly Syn.: Matthiola L. (1753), nom. rej ., non Ai- elliptic or oblong, chartaceous, papyraceous, ton (1812); Halesia P. Browne (1756), nom. rej ., 43 or subcoriaceous; domatia absent. Inorescen - non Ellis ex L. (1759); Edechia Loe., (1758); Di- ce terminal, spiciform, pendulous (or erect, crobotryum Willd. ex Schult. in Roem. & Schult. outside MT and MS). Flowers 4-5-merous, (1819); Sardinia Vell. (“1825” [1829]); Donkelaar- bisexual, protandrous; hypanthium globose; ia Lem. (1855); Tournefortiopsis Rusby (1907). calyx tube extremely reduced or cup-shaped, persistent, lobes small, ovate, deltoid, narrow- Shrubs or small trees to medium-sized ly triangular, ligulate, or oblong; corolla hy- trees (tall canopy trees outside MT and MS). pocrateriform or narrowly infundibuliform, Raphides absent, or straight, stout modi!ed white to cream-white or red, tube externally lateral branches, with vestigial nodes, some- puberulent, pubescent, villous or sericeous, times with reduced leaves. Stipules interpe- internally glabrous or pubescent at basal, me- tiolar or intrapetiolar, free at base, deltoid or dial or distal portion, without a pubescent narrowly triangular, persistent or readily ca- ring, lobes valvate or imbricate, broadly to ducous. Leaves opposite or whorled, 3-4 per narrowly ovate, elliptic, oblong to narrowly node, short- to long-petiolate; blades ovate, oblong, margin entire or undulate, obtuse, elliptic or oblong, chartaceous, papyraceous rounded or acute at apex; stamens included or subcoriaceous; domatia hairy-pockets, or or partially exserted, !laments attached at the absent. Inorescence axillary, pedunculate, middle or upper part of the corolla tube, an- with 2-7 scorpioid branches, few- to many-o - thers subsessile, narrowly oblong or elonga- wered. Flowers (4-)5-6(-9)-merous, bisexual te, acute at base and at apex, dorsi!xed near or unisexual and bisexual on the same indi- the base; pollen 3-4-colporate, exine perforate; vidual (polygamous-dioecious), protandrous; ovary 2-locular (or 4-locular outside MT and hypanthium globose; calyx cup-shaped, per- MS), placenta stalked, inserted on the center sistent, lobes small, broadly triangular, deltoid of the septum, ovules many per locule, style or ovate; corolla hypocrateriform or broadly included or partially exserted, glabrous, style infundibuliform, white, cream-white, yellow, branches 2 (or 4 outside MT and MS), oblong, bluish-white, pale blue, violet to purple, tube externally pubescent, internally glabrous or 30-4.4. Guettarda viburnoides Cham. && pubescent, with or without a pubescent ring Schltdl., Linnaea 4: 182. 1829. at base inside, lobes valvate, imbricate or left- contorted, ovate, rounded or oblong, margin 31. HAMELIA Jacq., Enum. Pl. Carib. 2, entire, undulate or fringed, rounded at apex; 16. 1760. Type: H. patens Jacq. stamens included or partially exserted, !la - Syn.: Duhamelia Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 203. ments attached near the mouth of the corolla 1805, nom. superfl .; Tangaraca Adans. (1763); Te- tube, anthers subsessile, oblong or linear, pesia Gaertn. (1806). acute at base and at apex, dorsi!xed near the base; pollen 3-4-porate, exine reticulate; ovary Shrubs or small trees; bark thin, pale 2-7-locular, placentation axile, ovules centrally gray to pale brown, with sparse lenticels; wood inserted, 1 per locule, style included, !liform, white, soft. Raphides present. Stipules interpe- glabrous or antrorse-puberulent, style bran- tiolar, free at base, narrowly triangular or ova- ches 2-7, ovate to oblong. Fruits drupaceous, te, persistent or subcaducous. Leaves oppo- eshy, with 2-7 pyrenes; seeds pendulous. site or whorled, 3-5 per node, long-petiolate; Taxonomical notes: According to recent blades ovate, elliptic or obovate, chartaceous molecular phylogenies produced by Achille et or papyraceous; domatia tufts of dense hairs, al. (2006), Guettarda as traditionally delimited or absent. Inorescence axillary or terminal, (e.g., Steyermark, 1974), is a paraphyletic ta- cymose or dichasiate, few- to many-owered. xon, with species present in at least three sepa- Flowers 4-5-merous, bisexual, protandrous; rate clades: a Paleotropical clade, a Neotropical hypanthium globose; calyx cup-shaped, per- clades, a Neotropical clade with G. speciosa L. sistent, lobes small, deltoid, rounded or linear; (the type of the genus Guettarda ) included in it, corolla tubular, campanulate or broadly in- and a separate clade with G. acreana K. Krau- fundibuliform, yellow or orange to red, tube se. The presence of Guettarda speciosa inside a monophyletic group of Neotropical Guettarda externally glabrous or pubescent, internally 44 species is de!nitely enigmatic. In the phylo - glabrous, without a pubescent ring, lobes im- genies available, G. speciosa , ranging from the bricate, broadly triangular or ovate, margin African East coast, islands of the Indian and entire, acute at apex. Stamens included or ex- Paci!c Oceans, China to Ryuku Island of Ja - serted just beyond the corolla, !laments atta - pan, is nested within a clade of species ende- ched at base of the corolla tube, free or basally mic to the Greater Antilles. Nevertheless, more connate (forming a minute tube at base of the species need to be added to Achille’s phylo- corolla), glabrous, anthers oblong to linear, genetic study in order to detect monophyletic acute at base, acute or acuminate at apex, dor- groups in the Guettarda complex. For practical si!xed near the base; pollen 3-colpate, exine reason, in this oristic treatment Guettarda is foveolate; ovary (4-)5-locular, placentation maintained as traditionally recognized. axile, peltate to the entire length of the sep- Distribution: Africa, islands of the Pa- tum, ovules horizontal, many per locule, style ci!c and Indian Oceans, and Tropical Ame - included, lobes (4-)5, minute, ovate. Fruit bac- rica. In the Neotropics ranging from Mexico, cate, eshy, red to deep purple; seeds many, throughout Central America, Greater and Les- small, horizontal, 3-5-angular. ser Antilles, to Colombia, Bolivia, and Brazil, Literature: K. Schumann in Martius, Fl. adapted to a vast variety of environments: ca. Bras. 6(6): 319-323. 1889; Elias, T., Mem. New 120 species; in MT and MS 4 species. York Bot. Gard. 26: 81-144. 1976; Delprete, P.G. et al. in A. Reis, Fl. Ilustr. Catarinense RUBI 30-1.1. Guettarda burchelliana Muell. (2): 377-384. 2005. Arg., Flora 58: 450, 456. 1875. Distribution: Ranging from Mexico, throughout Central America, Greater and 30-2.2. Guettarda mattogrossensis S. Lesser Antilles, to Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc. 2nd ser. 4: 372. 1895. and northern Argentina: ca. 20 species; in MT and MS 1 species. 30-3.3. Guettarda pohliana Muell. Arg., Flora 58: 450, 456. 1875. 31-1. Hamelia patens Jacq., Enum. Pl. !liform, glabrous or puberulent, style bran - Carib. 16. 1760. ches 2-7, oblong. Fruits drupaceous, with 2-7 Syn.: Hamelia erecta Jacq.; Hamelia coc- woody pyrenes (in MT and MS), remaining cinea Sw.; Hamelia sphaerocarpa Ruíz & Pav.; eshy or turning dry at maturity; seeds many, Duhamelia patens Pers.; Duhamelia sphaerocarpa horizontal, 3-5-angular, testa foveolate. (Ruíz & Pav.) Pers.; Hamelia suaveolens Kunth; Literature: Boom, B.M., Brittonia 36: Duhamelia odorata Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.; 425-454. 1984. Hamelia patens var. quinifolia DC.; Hamelia lati- Distribution: Ranging from Mexico, folia Reichb. ex DC.; Hamelia lanuginosa Mart. throughout Central America, Greater and Les- & Gal.; Hamelia nodosa Mart. & Gal.; Hamellia ser Antilles, to Colombia, Bolivia, and Brazil: [sic] corymbosa Sessé & Moç.; Hamelia tubiflora ca. 15 species; in MT and MS 2 species. Wernham; Hamelia pedicellata Wernham; Ha- melia viridifolia Wernham; Hamelia brachyste- 32-1.1. Isertia hypoleuca Benth., Hooker’s mon Wernham; Hamelia brittoniana Wernham; J. Bot. 3: 220. 1841. Hamelia intermedia Urb. & Ekman. Syn.: Isertia coccinea Vahl var. hypoleuca (Benth.) K. Schum.; Cassupa scarlatina K. 32. ISERTIA Schreber, Gen. 234. 1789. Schum. & K. Krause; Isertia hoenei K. Krause. Type: I. coccinea (Aubl.) Vahl ( Guettarda coccinea Aubl.). 32-2.2. Isertia parviflora Vahl, Eclog. Am. Syn.: Cassupa Bonpl. in Humb. & Bon- 2: 28. t. 15. 1798. pl. (1806); Brignolia DC. (1830), non Brignolia Syn.: Non Isertia parvifolia Standl.; Brig- Bertoloni (1813); Bruinsmania Miq. (1843); Cre- nolia acuminata DC.; Brignolia pubigera Benth.; atantha Standl. (1931); Yutajea Steyerm. (1987). Bruinsmania isertioides Miq.; Isertia glabra Du- cke; Isertia parviflora Vahl var. hirta Steyerm.; Small to medium-sized trees; bark !ssu - Yutajea liesneri Steyerm. red, wood white, soft. Raphides absent. Stipu- 45 les intrapetiolar and interpetiolar, formed by 33. IXORA L., Sp. Pl. 110. 1753. Type: I. 4 narrowly triangular units, persistent. Leaves coccinea L. opposite, long-petiolate; blades ovate, ellip- Syn.: Schetti Adans. (1763); Sideroxyloides tic or obovate, chartaceous, papyraceous or Jacq. (1763); Patabea Aubl. (1775); Siderodendrum subcoriaceous; domatia absent. Inorescence Schreb. (1789); Bemsetia Raf. (1838); Panche- terminal, paniculate, rarely thyrsoid, densely zia Montr. (1860), nom. rej .; Charpentiera Vieill. or sparsely branched, few- to many-owered. (1865); Thouarsiora Homolle ex Arènes (1960). Flowers 4-7-merous, bisexual, protandrous; hypanthium turbinate; calyx cup-shaped, Shrubs or small to medium-sized trees. persistent, lobes small, broadly triangular or Raphides absent. Stipules interpetiolar, conna- rounded; corolla tubular or hypocrateriform, te at base, deltoid to narrowly triangular, aris- white to cream-white, yellow, orange, pink tate, persistent. Leaves opposite or whorled, 3- or red, tube externally glabrous or tomento- 4 per node, sessile, subsessile or short-petiolate; se, glabrous and with a dense ring of pubes- blades ovate, elliptic, obovate, oblong or lan- cent hairs at ori!ce, lobes valvate or imbricate, ceolate; subcoriaceous to coriaceous; domatia ovate or oblong, margin entire, acute at apex; absent. Inorescence axillary or terminal, pani - stamens included, partially exserted or exser- culate, cymose, corymbose, densely or sparse- ted just beyond the corolla; !laments attached ly branched, few- to many-owered. Flowers near the mouth of the corolla tube, anthers 4-5-merous, bisexual, protandrous; hypan- subsessile, oblong, round at base, acute at thium ovoid; calyx cup-shaped, persistent, apex, dorsi!xed near the middle; pollen 3-4- lobes small, broadly ovate, ovate or deltoid; colporate, exine perforate; ovary 2-7-locular, corolla hypocrateriform, white, cream-white, placentation axile, peltate to the entire length yellow, pink or red, tube externally glabrous of the septum, ovules many per locule, style or minutely puberulent, internally glabrous, included or exserted just beyond the corolla, without a pubescent ring inside, lobes left-contorted (rarely imbricate), broadly ovate, ovate, Syn.: Ixora montana Lour.; Ixora grandilo- oblong or linear, margin entire, rounded, acute ra Lodd.; Ixora frasei Gentil; Ixora lutea Hutch.; or short- to long acuminate at apex; stamens Ixora bandhuca Roxb.; Ixora coccinea L. var. partially exserted, or exserted just beyond the bandhuca (Roxb.) Corner; Ixora coccinea L. var. corolla; !laments attached near the mouth of lutea (Hutch.) Corner; Ixora coccinea L. var. coc- the corolla tube, anthers subsessile, oblong or cinea f. coccinea Veitch. ex Forberg & Sachet; linear, round at base, acute at apex, dorsi!xed Ixora coccinea L. var. coccinea f. lutea (Hutch.) near the base; pollen 3-zonocolporate, exine Forberg & Sachet; Ixora coccinea L. var. herman- reticulate or reticulate-foveolate; ovary 2-locu- nii Fosberg & Sachet; Ixora coccinea L. var. in- lar, placenta stalked, inserted in the center of termedia Fosberg & Sachet. the septum, ovules 1 per locule, style exserted well beyond the corolla, !liform, glabrous, sty - 33-5.5. Ixora finlaysoniana Wall. ex G. le branches 2, ovate or oblong. Fruit baccate, Don, Gen. hist. 3: 572. 1834. [cultivated] globose or bi-globose, eshy or leathery, red; seeds 2, vertical, dorsoventrally convex or glo- 33-6.6. Ixora spruceana Muell. Arg., Flora bose, not ventrally sulcate. 58: 455, 459. 1875. Literature: De Block, P., Opera Bot. Belg. 9: 1-218. 1998; Fosberg, F.R. & H.-H. Sachet, Bai- 33-7.7. Ixora venulosa Benth., Linnaea 23: leya 23(2): 74-85. 1989; Delprete, P.G., Sida 20(4): 446. 1850. 1471-1480. 2003; Delprete, P.G. et al. in A. Reis, Fl. Ilustr. Catarinense RUBI (2): 410-423. 2005. 34. KUTCHUBAEA Fischer ex DC., Pro- Distribution: Pantropical genus of ca. dr. 4: 373. 1830. 350 species; in the Neotropics ranging from Syn.: Kotchubaea Regel ex Hook. f. (1873), Mexico, throughout Central America, Greater orth. var.; Einsteinia Ducke (1934); Ibetralia Bre- Antilles, to Colombia, Bolivia, and Brazil: ca. mek. (1934). 46 45 species in the Neotropics; in MT and MS 3 native species and 4 cultivated. Medium-sized to tall canopy trees, dioecious. Raphides absent. Stipules interpetiolar, 33-1.1. Ixora brevifolia Benth., Linnaea connate at base, sometimes sheathing, with 23: 448. 1850. resin producing colleters inside, persistent. Syn.: Ixora thyrsoidea Muell. Arg.; Ixora Leaves opposite, petiolate; blades obovate or warmingii Muell. Arg.; Ixora glaziovii Muell. elliptic, commonly acuminate at apex; doma- Arg.; Ixora membranacea Muell. Arg. tia absent. Inorescences terminal; male in - orescences cymose, few- to many-owered; 33-2.2. Ixora casei Hance in Walp., Ann. female inorescence 1-owered. Male owers Bot. Syst. 2: 74. 1852. [cultivated] 6-11-merous; calyx tubular, sometimes cup- Syn.: Ixora duffii Baine; Ixora pulcherrima shaped, usually truncate, rarely lobate; co- Volkens; Ixora confertifolia Val.; Ixora volkensii rolla salverform, aestivation contorted, tube Hosok.; Ixora carolinensis var. volkensii (Ho- retrorsely sericeous or antrorsely hirsute, so- sok.) Fosb.; Ixora macrothyrsa sensu auct. [non metimes glabrous outside, sericeous in upper (Teysm. & Binnend.) T. Moore (1878)]; Ixora portion inside; stamens as many as corolla carolinensis Hosok.; Ixora carolinensis var. typi- lobes, sessile or minutely stalked, !lament in - ca (Hosok.) Fosb.; Ixora williamsii Sandw. serted near the middle or in the upper portion of the corolla, anthers narrowly oblong or lo- 33-3.3. Ixora chinensis Lam., Encycl. rate, included, pollen 3-porate, exine reticula- Meth. 3: 344. 1789. [cultivated] te; ovary absent, style non-functional, slender, Syn.: Ixora stricta Roxb.; Ixora dixiana included, glabrous, rarely pilose-sericeous in Gentil upper half, smooth or slightly ridged, with 2 short connivent branches. Female owers 6- 33-4.4. Ixora coccinea L., Sp. Pl. 110. 1753; 8(-9)-merous, on short to medium-sized pe- L., Gen. Pl., ed. 5, 48. 1754. [cultivated] dicels; calyx and corolla shape as in male o - wers; stamens non-functional, included or tips pocrateriform or narrowly infundibuliform, barely exserted, anthers smaller than in male actinomorphic, white to cream-white, tube owers, pollen absent; style with tip slightly externally puberulent, pubescent, strigose or exserted, pilose-sericeous in upper half, style sericeous, internally glabrous or papillose, lo- branches 2; ovary appressed hirsute. Fruit ber- bes 5-7, valvate, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, ry-like, ellipsoid, leathery, pedicellate, usually margin entire, acute at apex; stamens included yellowish at maturity, calyx persistent; seeds or partially exserted (only tips exserted, !la - numerous, attened triangular or attened ments attached at the middle or at the upper spherical, broadly ellipsoid, embedded in a part of the corolla tube, short (anthers subses- eshy placental pulp. sile), equal, glabrous, anthers narrowly oblong, Literature: Persson, C., Am. J. Bot. 87: elongate or linear, round at base and at apex, 1018-1028. 2000; Persson, C., Rev. Biol. Neotrop. dorsi!xed near the base; pollen 3-colporate, 2(2): 65-74. 2005; Steyermark, J.A. T. in Lasser & foveolate; ovary 2-locular, placentation axile, Steyermark, Fl. Venez. 9(2): 669-679. 1974; Steyer- peltate to the entire length of the septum, ovu- mark, J.A. Rubiaceae, in B. Maguire and Coll., les many per locule, style as long as the corolla Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 227-832. 1972; tube or included, glabrous, or puberulent at ba- Taylor, C.M. & J.A. Steyermark in J.A. Steyerma- sal portion, or pubescent at basal portion; lobes rk et al., Fl. Venez. Guay. 8: 631-634. 2004. 2, ovate or oblong. Fruit capsular, oblong, thin- Distribution: Ranging from Colombia to Bo- ly woody, dehiscing septicidally from apex, livia; ca. 12 species; 1 species in Amazonian MT. the valves entire (rarely secondarily splitting at apex). Seeds ascendingly imbricate, medium- 34-1.1. Kutchubaea insignis Fisch. ex sized, laterally compressed, elliptic-ovate or DC., Prodr. 4: 373. 1830. oblong in outline, wings bipolar, margin nearly entire, dentate or !mbriate. 35. LADENBERGIA Klotzsch in Hayne, Literature: Andersson, L., Nord. J. Bot. Getr. Darst. Gew. 14: tab. 15. 1846. Type: L. 17(3): 255-299. 1997. 47 moritziana Klotzsch in Hayne Distribution: Ranging from Costa Rica Syn.: Cinchona [sect.] Cascarilla Endl. through Bolivia and Brazil: ca. 34 species; in (1838); Cascarilla (Endl.) Wedd. (1848); Cascarilla MT and MS 4 species. [sect.] Pseudoquina Wedd. (1849); Cascarilla [sect.] Carua Wedd. (1849); Cascarilla [sect.] Calyptria 35-1.1. Ladenbergia amazonensis Wedd. (1849); Cascarilla [sect.] Muzonia Wedd. Ducke, Trop. Woods 31: 21. 1932. (1849); Muzonia (Wedd.) N. Osorio (1874). 35-2.2. Ladenbergia chapadensis S. Small, medium-sized or tall canopy tre- Moore., Trans. Linn. Soc. 2ns ser., 4: 367. 1895. es. Raphides absent. Stipules interpetiolar, free or connate at base, deltoid, broadly triangular, 35-3.3. Ladenbergia cujabensis Klotzsch ovate, obovate, oblong or ligulate, subcaducous in Hayne, Getr. Darst. Gew. 14: tab. 15. 1846. or readily caducous. Leaves opposite (rarely Syn.: Remijia cujabensis (Klotzsch) Wedd., whorled, 3 per node), short- to long-petiolate; Cinchona cujabensis Manso ex Klotsch in Hay- blades ovate, narrowly ovate, elliptic, broadly ne, pro syn . elliptic, obovate, chartaceous, papyraceous or subcoriaceous, domatia sparse or dense tufts of 35-4.4. Ladenbergia graciliflora K. hairs, or absent. Inorescence terminal, frondo - Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 145. 1889. se or not, paniculate or cymose, sparsely branched, pauci- or multi-orous. Flowers bisexual, 36. LIMNOSIPANEA Hook. f., Hooker’s protandrous; hypanthium obconical to turbi- Icon. Pl. 11: 38. 1868. Type: L. spruceana Hook. nate; calyx cup-shaped, campanulate or short- f. (cf. Standley, 1921). tubular, with small lobes, persistent, truncate, Syn.: Limnosipania Hook. f. in Benth. & undulate or lobed, lobes (when present) 5-7, Hook. f. (1873), orth. var .; Sipania Seem. (1853), deltoid, narrowly triangular, lanceolate or nar- non Sipanea Aubl. (1775). rowly ovate, calycophylls absent. Corolla hy- Erect, aquatic or semi-aquatic annual Syn.: Limnosipanea kuntzei Standl.; Lim- herbs (2-4 months life span). Raphides absent. nosipanea guaricensis Pittier; Limnosipanea terni- Stipules interpetiolar, reduced to a line and with folia Pittier. a small mucron or a seta at the center, persistent, withering on the stem (no abscission layer 37. MACHAONIA Bonpl. in Humb. & is formed) or readily caducous. Leaves opposi- Bonpl., Pl. Aequin. 1: 101, pl. 29. 1816. Type: te, or whorled, 3-6 per node, sessile; blades ova- M. acuminata Bonpl. te, lanceolate, membranaceous or chartaceous; Syn.: Bunophila Willd. ex Schult. & domatia absent. Inorescence terminal, cymo - Schult. f. (1827); Tertrea DC. (1830). se, few- to many-owered. Flowers 4-6-merous, bisexual, protandrous; hypanthium globose; Shrubs or small trees, with scandent late- calyx tube extremely reduced, persistent, lobes ral branches. Raphides absent. Thorns axillary oblong, lanceolate to linear; corolla hypocra- straight, straight, stout, modi!ed lateral bran - teriform, white, cream-white, pinkish-white, ches, often with vestigial nodes, sometimes tube externally glabrous or strigose, internally with reduced leaves, or compound, or den- villous, with a pubescent ring at ori!ce, lobes droid, derived from modi!ed lateral branches, left-contorted, ovate or oblong-ovate, margin with vestigial nodes, sometimes with reduced entire or undulate, obtuse or rounded at apex; leaves, or absent. Stipules interpetiolar, free stamens included, !laments attached near the at base; broadly triangular; persistent. Leaves mouth of the corolla tube, glabrous, anthers nar- opposite, seemingly fasciculate by extreme rowly elliptic or oblong, round at base, round at reduction of the nodes on lateral short-shoots apex, dorsi!xed near the middle; pollen 3-col - porate, exine !nely reticulate; ovary 2-locular, (brachyblasts), subsessile to short-petiolate; placenta stalked, inserted in the center of the blades ovate, elliptic to very narrowly ellip- septum, ovules many per locule, style exserted tic or obovate, chartaceous or papyraceous; domatia tufts of sparse hairs or absent. Ino - 48 just beyond the corolla, !liform, glabrous, sty - le branches 2, oblong. Fruits capsular, crusta- rescence terminal, frondose or not, panicula- ceous, small, dehiscing loculicidally from apex; te or cymose, densely or sparsely branched, seeds many, horizontal, small, 3-5-angular. few- to many owered. Flowers 4-5-merous, Literature: Steyermark, J.A. in B. Magui- bisexual, protandrous; hypanthium obconi- re & Coll., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 17: 282- cal or obovoid; calyx tube extremely reduced, 284. 1967, Delprete, P.G. & J.A. Steyermark. rotate or cup-shaped, lobes small, elliptic, li- Limnosipanea. In. Steyermark et al. (Eds), FI. gulate, oblong, ovate (pterophyllous, all calyx Venez. Guayana 8 : 638-639, 2004. lobes expanding into a rotate pterophyll after Distribution: Ranging from southern anthesis in Central American species); corolla Panama to Bolivia, and Brazil; 4-5 species; in broadly infundibuliform, white, cream-white MT and MS 3 species. or yellowish-white, tube externally glabrous or puberulent, internally pubescent at mou- 36-1.1. Limnosipanea erythreoides th, without a pubescent ring, lobes imbrica- (Cham.) K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 253, te, ovate or rounded, round at apex; stamens tab. 123. 1889. included, partially exserted or exserted just Syn.: Sipanea erythraeoides Cham. beyond the corolla, !laments attached at the upper part of the corolla tube, long, glabrous, 36-2.2. Limnosipanea palustris (Seem.) anthers button-shaped or elliptic, round at Hook. f. in Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 11: 38, pl. 1050. 1868. base, round at apex, dorsi!xed near the base; Syn.: Sipania [sic] palustris Seem., non pollen 3-colporate; ovary 2-3-locular, placenta (A. Rich.) J.H. Kirkbr. 1997, nom. illeg. hom .; attached at top of septum, ovules pendulous, Limnosipanea schomburgkii Hook. f.; Limnosipa- 1 per locule, style exserted just beyond the nea schomburgkii var. robustior Pilger. corolla or partially exserted, glabrous, style branches 2, ovate or elliptic. Fruits schizocar- 36-3.3. Limnosipanea spruceana Hook. pic, narrowly turbinate, chartaceous or thinly f. in Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 11: 38, pl. 1050. 1868. woody, breaking up into 2 indehiscent cocci; se- corolla, !laments attached at the upper part eds 2, pendulous, narrowly oblong, cylindrical. of the corolla tube, long, glabrous, anthers Literature: Steyermark, J.A. in B. Magui- elliptic or narrowly elliptic, round at base re & Coll., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 356- and at apex, dorsi!xed near the base, ovary 357. 1972; Delprete, P.G. et al. in A. Reis, Fl. 2-locular, placenta attached at top of septum, Ilustr. Catarinense RUBI (2): 424-429. 2005. ovules pendulous, 1 per locule, style exserted Distribution: Ranging from Mexico, just beyond the corolla, !liform, glabrous, an - throughout Central America, Greater and trorse-puberulent or antrorse-pubescent, style Lesser Antilles to Bolivia and Brazil: ca. 25 branches 2, oblong. Fruits drupaceous, eshy, species; in MT and MS 2 species. oblong-ellipsoid, with 2 woody pyrenes; seeds pendulous, cylindrical, broadly to narro- 37-1.1. Machaonia acuminata Bonpl. in wly elliptic in outline. Humb. & Bonpl., Pl. Aequin. 1: 101, tab. 29. Literature: Steyermark, J.A. in B. Magui- 1806. re & Coll., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 244- [probably synonymous with Machaonia 263. 1965; Delprete, P.G. et al. in A. Reis, Fl. spinosa Cham. & Schltdl.] Ilustr. Catarinense RUBI (2): 430-434. 2005. Distribution: Ranging from Belize, 37-2.2. Machaonia spinosa Cham. & throughout Central America, to Colombia, Schltdl., Linnaea 4: 2. 1829. Bolivia, and Brazil: ca. 34 species; in MT and Syn.: Cinchona brasiliensis Hoffmanns. ex MS 1 species. Humb.; Machaonia spinosa Cham. & Schltdl. 38-1. Malanea macrophylla Bartl. ex 38. MALANEA Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 337. 1861. 1: 106, t. 49. 1775, nom. cons . Type: M. sarmen- Syn.: Malanea bahiensis Muell. Arg.; Ma- tosa Aubl. lanea macrophylla Bartl. ex Griseb. var. macrophylla f. bahiensis (Muell. Arg.) Steyerm., syn. 49 Woody vines to large lianas, or shrubs, or nov. ; Malanea macrophylla Bartl. ex Griseb. var. small trees with sarmentose lateral branches. macrophylla f. cuneata Steyerm., syn. nov. Raphides absent. Stipules interpetiolar, free or connate at base, narrowly triangular, nar- 39. MANETTIA Mutis ex L., nom. cons ., rowly ovate, obovate, elliptic, ligulate, oblong Mant. 2: 553, 558. 1771. Type: M. reclinata L. or oblanceolate, subcaducous or readily cadu- Syn.: Lygistum P. Browne (1756), nom. cous. Leaves opposite, subsessile to short-pe- rej .; Petesia P. Browne (1759); Nacibea Aubl. tiolate; blades broadly ovate to ovate, broadly (1775); Guagnebina Vell. (“1825” [1829], 1831); elliptic to elliptic, papyraceous, subcoriaceous Conotrichia A. Rich. (1830); Vanessa Raf. (“1836” or subcoriaceous; domatia tufts of sparse [1837]); Endolasia Turcz. (1848). hairs, pits or tuft-pits, or absent. Inorescen - Climbing herbs or woody vines (erect ce axillary, paniculate or paniculate-spiciform subshrubs in central Brazil). Raphides pre- and with short-fasciculate lateral branches, or sent. Stipules interpetiolar, free at base, bro- cymose, commonly few-owered. Flowers 4- adly triangular to deltoid, persistent. Leaves 5-merous, bisexual, protandrous; hypanthium opposite, short- to long-petiolate; blades ova- ovoid or oblate; calyx campanulate, persistent, te, elliptic, oblong, lanceolate or almost linear, lobes ovate or broadly to narrowly triangular; chartaceous or papyraceous; domatia tufts of corolla broadly infundibuliform, white, cre- sparse hairs, or absent. Inorescence axillary, am-white to yellowish-white, tube externally frondose or not, thyrsoid, dichasiate, fascicu- glabrous or sparsely pubescent, internally pu- late, rarely uniorous. Flowers 4-8-merous, bi - bescent at distal portion, without a pubescent sexual, protandrous; hypanthium oblate; calyx ring inside, lobes valvate or narrowly imbrica- tube extremely reduced or cup-shaped, persis- te, narrowly ovate, lanceolate or oblong, mar- tent, truncate or with small to foliose lobes nar- gin entire, rounded or acute at apex; stamens rowly triangular, lanceolate, ovate or linear; partially exserted or exserted just beyond the corolla tubular, urceolate, hypocrateriform or narrowly infundibuliform, white, cream-whi- Manettia leianthiflora Griseb.; Manettia ignita te, yellow, pink, red, bluish-white to pale blue, (Vell.) K. Schum. var. glabra (Cham. & Schltdl.) or corolla tube red and lobes yellowish or gre- K. Schum., var. incana K. Schum., var. angusti- enish, tube externally glabrous, puberulent or folia K. Schum., var. micans (Poepp.) K. Schum.; pubescent, internally glabrous, puberulent, pu- Manettia burchellii Wernham; Manettia boliviana bescent, without a pubescent ring, lobes valva- Wernham; Manettia cordifolia var. glabra f. bo- te, deltoid, narrowly triangular or elliptic, mar- liviana (Wernham) Chung; Manettia cordifolia gin entire, rounded or acute at apex; stamens var. filiformis Wernham; Manettia stipulosa Wer- partially exserted or exserted just beyond the nham; Manettia paranensis Standl.; Manettia cor- corolla tube, !laments attached near the mou - difolia var. paranensis (Standl.) Chung. th of the corolla tube, long, glabrous, anthers narrowly elliptic or oblong, acute at base and 39-2.2. Manettia luteo-rubra (Vell.) Ben- at apex, dorsi!xed near the middle or near the th., Linnaea 23: 445. 1850. base; pollen 3-4-colporate, exine reticulate, or Syn.: Guagnebina luteo-rubra Vell.; Ma- double reticulate; ovary 2-locular, placentation nettia filicaulis Wawra; Manettia paraguariensis axile, placenta peltate to the entire length of the Chodat; Manettia quinquenervia Sprague; Ma- septum, ovules many per locule, style included nettia bradei Standl.; Manettia samuelssoniana or exserted just beyond the corolla, glabrous, Standl.; Manettia luteo-rubra var. paraguariensis style branches 2, oblong or ligulate. Fruits cap- (Chodat) Chung. sular, crustaceous or thinly woody, dehiscing septicidally from apex, the valves secondari- 39-3.3. Manettia reclinata L., Mant. 558. 1771. ly splitting at apex or not; seeds many, hori- Syn.: Nacibea coccinea Aubl.; Manettia zontal, membranaceous, broadly to narrowly coccinea (Aubl.) Willd.; Nacibea reclinata (L.) elliptic in outline, wings extremely reduced, Poir.; Manettia coccinea (Aubl.) Willd.; Manet- concentric, with entire margin. tia uniflora Kunth; Manettia havanensis Kunth; 50 Literature: Wernham, J. Bot. 57, Suppl.: Manettia cuspidata Bertero ex Spreng.; Manettia 1-44. 1919; Chung, Phytologia 15: 272-288. panamensis Duchass. & Walp.; Manettia divari- 1967; Chung, Phytologia 17: 353-366. 1968; cata Wernham; Manettia sanctae-martae Wer- Macias, L. Estudos taxonômicos do gênero nham; Manettia spraguei Wernham. Manettia Mutis ex L. (Rubiaceae) no Brasil, Pa- raguai, Argentina e Uruguai, Doctoral Thesis, 40. MITRACARPUS Zucc. in Schult. Univ. Est. Campinas, São Paulo. 1998; Delpre- & Schult. f., Syst. Veg., Mant. 3: 210 (as “ Mi- te, P.G. et al. in A. Reis, Fl. Ilustr. Catarinense tracarpum ”). 1827. Type: M. scabrus Zucc. in RUBI (2): 435-466. 2005. Schult. & Schult. f. Distribution: Ranging from Mexico, Syn.: Staurospermum Thonning in Schu- throughout Central America, Greater and mach. (1827). Lesser Antilles, to Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil, and northern Argentina: ca. 120 species; in Erect, annual perennial herbs, or MT and MS 3 species. subshrubs to shrubs. Raphides present. Stipu- les sheathing and connate to the petioles, !m - 39-1.1. Manettia cordifolia Mart., Köni- briate, with 3-9 setae, each seta with an apical gl. Akad. Wiss. Königl. Gen.-Conserv. Wiss. colleter, persistent. Leaves opposite or terna- Saaml. München 9: 95, pl. 7. 1824. te, often seeming whorled by the presence of Syn.: Manettia ignita var. cordifolia (Mart.) reduced axillary branches (brachyblasts) with K. Schum.; Manettia attenuata Nees & Mart.; fasciculate leaves, sessile, subsessile or short- Manettia cordifolia var. attenuata (Nees & Mart.) petiolate; blades broadly to very narrowly Wernham; Guagnebina ignita Vell.; Manettia gla- elliptic, rhombic, oblong to narrowly oblong bra Cham. & Schltdl.; Manettia gracilis Cham. & to linear, membranaceous, chartaceous, stify Schltdl.; Manettia micans Poepp.; Manettia gran- chartaceous or papyraceous; domatia tufts of diflora Miq.; Manettia asperula Benth.; Manettia sparse hairs, or absent. Inorescence axillary gracilis var. glabra (Cham. & Schltdl.) Benth.; or terminal, capitate, subtended by 2 or 4 leaf- like bracts, (1-)few- to many-owered. Flowers 40-4.4. Mitracarpus lhotzkyanus Cham., 4-merous, bisexual, protandrous; hypanthium Linnaea 9: 219. 1834. globose or turbinate; calyx tube extremely reduced, persistent, lobes small, narrowly trian- 40-5.5. Mitracarpus parvulus K. Schum. gular or linear; corolla hypocrateriform, white in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 84. 1889. to cream-white, tube externally glabrous or puberulent, internally glabrous or puberulent, 40-6. Mitracarpus villosus (Sw.) Cham. with a pubescent ring at base, lobes valvate, & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 363. 1828. ovate, margin entire, acute or short acumi- Syn.: Spermacoce villosa Sw.; “ Mitracarpus nate at apex; stamens included or partially hirtus ” apud Standl., non Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) exserted, !laments attached near the mouth DC.; “ Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC.” sensu D. Ada- of the corolla tube or at lobes sinuses, short, ms in W. Burger & C.M. Taylor; “ Spermacoce glabrous, anthers elliptic or narrowlywly elliptic, hirta ” auctores, non L.; Mitracarpus rude Benth.; round at base and at apex, dorsi!xed near the Mitracarpus torresianum Cham. & Schltdl. base; pollen 6-7-colporate, exine echinate-perforate; ovary 2-locular, placenta reduced, ovu- 41. MUSSAENDA L., Sp. Pl. 177. 1753. les centrally inserted, vertical, 1 per locule, sty- Type: M. frondosa L. le exserted just beyond the corolla or partially Syn.: Belilla Adans. (1763); Landia Com- exserted, !liform, glabrous, style branches 2, mers. ex A. L. Juss. (1789), non Landia Down- ovate. Fruits capsular, crustaceous or thinly bey (1784, Krameriaceae); Spallanzania DC. woody, dehiscing transversally, releasing the apical portion as one unit shaped as a mitre, (1830), non Spallanzania Pollini (1816, Rosace- the basal portion remaining attached to the ae); Asemanthia Ridl. (1940), non Asemnantha peduncle; seeds vertical, dorsoventrally con- Hook. f. (1873). vex, ventrally sulcate with an X-like sulcus. Literature: Steyermark, J.A. in B. Magu- Shrubs, cultivated. Raphides absent. Sti- ire & Coll., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 777- pules interpetiolar, free or connate at base, bro- 51 784. 1972; Bacigalupo in Burkart, Fl. Il. Entre adly to narrowly triangular, persistent. Leaves Rios 6(6): 27-30, !gs. 11-12. 1974; Souza, E. B. opposite, short- to long-petiolate; blades ovate, de. Estudos taxonômicos dos gêneros Staelia narrowly ovate, or broadly to narrowly elliptic Cham. & Schltdl. e Mitracarpus Zucc. ex Roem. or oblong, chartaceous or papyraceous; doma- & Schult. (Spermacoceae - Rubiaceae) no es- tia tufts of sparse hairs or absent. Inorescence tado de Pernambuco - Brasil. Master Thesis, terminal, cymose, sometimes with scorpioid Fed. Rur. Univ. Pernambuco, Recife, PB, Bra- secondary branches, few- to many owered. zil. 1997. 150 pp.; Souza, E. B. & M. F. Sales, Flowers 5-merous, bisexual, protandrous; Brittonia 53: 482-486. 2001; Delprete, P.G. et hypanthium obovoid or globose; calyx tube ex- al. in A. Reis, Fl. Ilustr. Catarinense RUBI (2): tremely reduced, caducous, lobes small to lar- 467-480. 2005. ge, narrowly triangular to linear; calycophylls Distribution: Ranging from Mexico, 1-3 lobes per ower, present in the !rst owers throughout Central America, Greater and of inorescence branchlets, or 5 lobes per o - Lesser Antilles, to Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil, wer present in most owers in some cultivars, Paraguay, and northern Argentina: ca. 40 spe- white cream-white, yellow, pale to deep pink, cies; in MT and MS 6 species. lilac, red, purple; corolla hypocrateriform or narrowly infundibuliform, white, cream-white,te, cream-white, 40-1. Mitracarpus eritrichoides Standl., yellow or orange, tube externally pubescent, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 223. 1936. internally puberulent at distal portion or pu- 40-2.2. Mitracarpus hasslerianus Cho- bescent throughout, without a pubescent ring dat, Bull. Herb. Boiss., 2nd sér., 4: 191. 1904. inside, lobes valvate, deltoid or ovate, margin entire, rounded or acute at apex; stamens in- 40-3.3. Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC., Pro- cluded or partially exserted, !laments attached dr. 4: 572. 1830. at base or at the upper part of the corolla tube, Syn.: Spermacoce hirta L. short or long, glabrous, anthers elongate, acute at base and at apex, dorsi!xed near the base; pol - linear, shortly bi!d, bilobed, !mbriate at the len 3-5-colporate, exine perforate; ovary 2-locu- apex, with glandular apical projections or lam- lar, placentation axile, peltate to the entire leng- inar and erose or laciniate, persistent, subca- th of the septum, ovules many per locule, style ducous or readily caducous. Leaves opposite, included, glabrous, style branches 2, oblong or short- to long-petiolate; blades broadly to nar- lanceolate. Fruits baccate and somewhat eshy rowly ovate, broadly elliptic to elliptic, broadly or capsular, thinly woody and dehiscing loculi- to narrowly obovate, oblong to narrowly ob- cidally from apex; seeds horizontal, minute, 3-5- long, oblanceolate or lanceolate, chartaceous, angular, dorsoventrally compressed. papyraceous or subcoriaceous, rarely subsuc- Literature: Hieronimus in Oliver, Fl. culent in epiphytic species; domatia absent. Trop. Africa 3: 65. 1877; K. Petit, Bull. Jard. Bot. Inorescence pseudoaxillary (produced in ter - État 25: 149. 1955; F. Hallé, Adansonia sér. 2, 1: minal position with stem growing from an ax- 266. 1961; Verdcourt in Polhill, Fl. Trop. East illary bud, resulting in an inorescence of one Afr., Rubiaceae, Part 2: 460-467. 1976; W. Bur- axis at each node) or seemingly terminal, pan- ger & C. M. Taylor in W. Burger, Fl. Costar., iculate, sparsely or densely branched, or capi- Fieldiana, Bot. n. s. 33: 194-195. 1993; Delpre- tate, sometimes subtended by bracts. Flowers te, P.G. et al. in A. Reis, Fl. Ilustr. Catarinense 4-5(-6)-merous, bisexual, protandrous; hypan- RUBI (2): 481-485. 2005. thium ovoid, oblate or turbinate; calyx tube Distribution: Endemic to the Paleotro- extremely reduced or cup-shaped, persistent, pics, with ca. 150 species; several species are lobes small, broadly to narrowly triangular; cultivated in the Neotropics for their orna- corolla tubular or narrowly infundibuliform, mental value, 4 of them are know to be com- white, cream-white, yellow, yellowish-orange monly cultivated in MT and MS. or orange, tube externally glabrous or pubescent, internally glabrous or pubescent at ba- 41-1. Mussaenda erythrophylla Schu- sal, medial or distal portion, lobes valvate, 52 mach. & Thonn., Beskr. Guin. Pl. 116. 1827. deltoid to narrowly triangular, margin entire [cultivated] or short-acuminate at apex, sometimes with pronounced appendages; stamens included, 41-2.2. Mussaenda luteola Delile, Cent. partially exserted or exserted just beyond the Pl. Afr. Voy. Méroé 65. 1826. [cultivated] corolla, !laments attached to the middle or upper part of the corolla tube, short or long, glabrous, anthers narrowly elliptic, oblong or 41-3.3. Mussaenda parviflora Miq., Ann. narrowly oblong, round at base and at apex, Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3: 110 . 1867. [cultivated] dorsi!xed near the middle or near the base; ovary 2-5(-6)-locular, placenta reduced, ovules 41-4.4. Mussaenda philippica A. Rich., basally inserted, 1 per locule, style included, Mem. Fam. Rubiac. 165. 1830. (reimpr. partially or fully exserted, glabrous, style Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 5: 245. 1834) . branches 2-5(-6), linear. Fruits drupaceous, [cultivated] eshy or spongy, with 2 woody pyrenes; pyrenes ascending, dorsoventrally convex, 42. NOTOPLEURA (Benth.) Bremek., ventrally sulcate, with two small germination Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 31: 289. 1934. Lecto- slits near the base on the ventral side. type: N. marginata (Benth.) Bullock (cf. Bullo- Literature: Hooker, J.D. in G. Bentham ck, 1958; Coffea marginata Benth.). & J.D. Hooker, Gen. Pl. 2: 124. 1873.; Taylor, Syn.: Psychotria sect. Notopleura Benth. C.M., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 478-515. in Oersted (1852); Montamans Dwyer (1980). 2001. Distribution: Ranging from Mexico, Terrestrial or rarely epiphytic, herbs, Central America, Greater and Lesser Antilles, subshrubs or shrubs. Raphides present. Stipu- Colombia, Bolivia to northern Brazil: ca. 62 les interpetiolar, connate at base to sheathing, species; 1 species in Amazonian MT. often connate to the petioles, truncate or bi!d, with interpetiolar appendages, these conical,onical, 42-1.1. Notopleura tapajozensis (Standl.) East Africa, Rubiaceae, Part I: 268-315. 1976; Bremek., Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 31: 290. 1934. Steyermark, J.A., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: Syn.: Psychotria tapajozensis Standl. 736-738. 1988; Terrell, Phytologia 68: 125-133. 1990; Terrell & Lewis, Phytologia 71: 221-243. 43. OLDENLANDIA L., Sp. Pl. 119. 1991; Burger & Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot. n. s. 33: 1753. Lectotype: O. corymbosa L. (cf. Hitchcock 196-198. 1993; Delprete, P.G. et al. in A. Reis, Fl. & Green, 1929). Ilustr. Catarinense RUBI (2): 486-501. 2005. Syn.: Listeria Necker ex Raf. (1820), Distribution: The de!nition of this genus non Listera R. Br., nom. cons. (1813), nec Lis- is in a state of ux; as de!ned by Verdcourt teria Spreng. (1817); Gonotheca Blume in DC. (1976), is a pantropical genus; in the New (1830), non Gonotheca Raf. (1818, Asterace- World ranging from southern North America ae); Edrastima Raf. (1834); Karamyschewia F.E. to Chile and Argentina, with ca. 15 species; in Fischer & C.A. Mey. in R. F. Hohenacker MT and MS 3 species. (1838); Theyodis A. Rich. (1848); Mitrathe- ca K. Schum. (1903); Eionitis Bremek. (1952). 43-1.1. Oldenlandia corymbosa L., Sp. Pl. 119. 1753. Erect, trailing or decumbent, annual or Syn.: Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam. perennial, delicate herbs. Raphides present. Stipules short-sheathing, connate to the pe- 43-2. Oldenlandia lancifolia (Schu- tioles, with 2-5 setae, persistent. Leaves op- mach.) DC., Prodr. 4: 425. 1830. posite, sessile to subsessile; blades elliptic to Syn.: Hedyotis lancifolia Schumach.; Ol- very narrowly elliptic to linear, membrana- denlandia herbacea sensu Bremek. ceous to chartaceous; domatia absent. Ino - rescence terminal and/or axillary, paniculate 43-3.3. Oldenlandia salzmannii (DC.) or cymose or fasciculate, sparsely branched, Hook. f., in Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2: 58. 1873. 53 1- to 5-owered. Flowers 4-merous, bisexual, Syn.: Anotis salzmannii DC.; Hedyotis protandrous; hypanthium globose; calyx tube salzmannii (DC.) Steud.; Hedyotis thesiifolia A. extremely reduced, persistent, lobes minute, St. Hil.; Oldenlandia thesiifolia (A. St. Hil.) K. narrowly triangular; corolla infundibuliform or Schum. campanulate, white, cream-white, pinkish- or bluish-white, tube externally glabrous, inter- 44. PAGAMEA Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane nally glabrous or pubescent at basal portion, 1: 112. 1775. Type: P. guianensis Aubl. lobes valvate, ovate or narrowly triangular, Shrubs or small to medium-sized tre- margin entire, acute at apex; stamens included, es. Raphides absent. Stipules long-sheathing, partially exserted or exserted just beyond the truncate rings or long-tubular, !mbriate at corolla, !laments attached near the mouth of margin, persistent, sometimes remaining on the corolla or at lobes sinuses, glabrous, anthers stem as a series of triangular units on either button-shaped or elliptic, round at base and at sides of the nodes. Leaves opposite, short- to apex, dorsi!xed near the base; pollen 3-colpo - long-petiolate; blades elliptic to very narrowly rate, exine reticulate or !nely reticulate; ovary elliptic, narrowly obovate, obovate, oblong to 2-locular, placentation axile, peltate to the entire narrowly oblong, chartaceous to coriaceous; length of the septum, ovules few to many per domatia tufts of sparse or dense hairs or ab- locule, style partially exserted or exserted just sent. Inorescence axillary, paniculate or pa - beyond the corolla, !liform, glabrous, style bran - niculate-spiciform and with lateral branches ches 2, ovate or elliptic. Capsules chartaceous to fasciculate or terminating in globose few- to crustaceous, multicostate, topped by the per- many-owered heads, cymose, spicate, thyr - sistent calyx teeth, dehiscing loculicidally from soid, capitate, or fasciculate. Flowers 4-5(-6)- apex; seeds several, minute, horizontal, globose, merous, bisexual, protandrous; hypanthium ellipsoid or 3-5-angular, !nely reticulate. globose; calyx cup-shaped truncate, with un- Literature: K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. dulate margin or with small lobes, persistent, 6(6): 268-274. 1889; Verdcourt in Polhill, Fl. Trop. lobes, when present, broadly ovate to ovate or broadly triangular, oblong or ovate; corolla Subshrubs to shrubs, sometimes rheo- rotate, subrotate, tubular or narrowly campa- phytic, or small to medium-sized trees. Raphi- nulate, white, cream-white or greenish-white, des present. Stipules sheathing at base, bi!d, tube externally glabrous, minutely puberu- with two short to long narrowly triangular lent, puberulent, pubescent or strigose, inter- lobes each side, persistent, subcaducous or re- nally pubescent at distal portion or at ori!ce, adily caducous. Leaves opposite or whorled, lobes valvate, narrowly ovate, oblong-ovate, 3-5 per node, sessile or subsessile to long-pe- ligulate, oblong or narrowly oblong, margin tiolate; blades cordate, broadly to narrowly entire, rounded or short acuminate at apex; ovate, broadly to narrowly elliptic, or obovate, stamens partially exserted or exserted just broadly to narrowly obovate, oblong to narro- beyond the corolla, !laments attached near the wly oblong, spatulate, oblanceolate, lanceola- mouth of the corolla, short or long, glabrous, te, chartaceous, papyraceous, subcoriaceous to anthers elliptic, narrowly elliptic or oblong, thickly coriaceous; domatia tufts of sparse or round at base and at apex, dorsi!xed near the dense hairs or absent. Inorescence terminal, base; ovary superior, 2-locular, placenta redu- paniculate, spicate, corymbose or thyrsoid, ra- ced, ovules basally inserted, 1 per locule, style cemose, frondose or not, densely or sparsely partially exserted or exserted just beyond the branched, few- to many-owered. Flowers 4- corolla, !liform, glabrous, style branches 2, 5-merous, bisexual, protandrous; hypanthium elliptic or oblong. Fruits drupaceous, eshy, ovoid, obovoid or globose; calyx tube extre- with 2 woody pyrenes positioned above the mely reduced, persistent, lobes small or large, calyx line; seeds ascending, dorsoventrally sometimes foliose, ovate, deltoid, narrowly convex, ventrally sulcate. triangular or lanceolate; corolla tubular, often Literature: Steyermark, J.A. in B. Magui- curved, asymmetrically expanded, gibbous at re & Coll., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 270- base, yellow, yellowish-white, orange, pink, 285. 1965; Steyermark, J.A. in T. Lasser & J.A. red, blue, violet to purple (rarely white to cre- 54 Steyermark, Fl. Venezuela 9(2): 967-1007. 1974; am-white), tube externally glabrous, minutely Vicentini, A. & J.A. Steyermark in J.A. Steyer- puberulent, puberulent, minutely pubescent, mark et al., Fl. Venez. Guay. 8: 666-678. 2004. pubescent, tomentose, hirsute, strigose or Distribution: Ranging from Colombia to villous, internally glabrous and with a pubes- Bolivia and Brazil: ca. 25 species; in MT and cent ring at base inside, lobes valvate, ovate, MS 2 species. deltoid to narrowly triangular, margin entire, acute or short acuminate at apex; stamens 44-1. Pagamea coriacea Spruce ex Ben- included, partially exserted or exserted just th., J. Linn. Soc. (London) 1: 110. 1857; emend. beyond the corolla, !laments attached to the Prog. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 287. 1868. middle or upper part of the corolla tube, short Syn.: Pagamea coriacea Spruce ex Benth. or long, glabrous, anthers elliptic, narrowly var. acuta Steyerm.; Pagamea coriacea var. pubes- elliptic, lanceolate or oblong, round, acute or cens Steyerm. with pointed extension at base, round or acute at apex, dorsi!xed near the base; ovary 2-5(- 44-2. Pagamea guianensis Aubl., Hist. 6)-locular, placenta reduced, ovules basally Pl. Guiane 1: 113, tab. 44. 1775. inserted, 1 per locule, style included, exserted just beyond or well beyond the corolla, 45. PALICOUREA Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guia- glabrous, style branches 2, ovate, elliptic or ne 1: 172. 1775. Type: P. guianensis Aubl. oblong. Fruit drupaceous, with woody pyre- Syn.: Stephanium Schreber (1789); non nes; eshy; seeds ascending, dorsoventrally Stephanium A. L. de Juss. (1789), nom. super- convex, ventrally sulcate, or hemi-elliptical in fl . (Capparaceae); Colladonia Spreng. (“1825” outline. [1824]), non Colladonia DC. (1830, Apiaceae); Literature: Steyermark, J.A. in B. Magui- Rhodostoma Scheidw. (1842); Psychotria sect. re & Coll., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 717- Palicourea (Aubl.) Muell. Arg. (1881). 777. 1972; Steyerm. in Lasser & Steyerm., Fl. Venezuela 9(3): 1683-1830. 1974; C. M. Taylor, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 84: 224-262. 1997; Taylor, C.M. in G. Harling & L. Andersson, Syn.: Psychotria guianensis Raeusch.; Fl. Ecuador 62: 134-235. 1999; Taylor, C.M. & Psychotria guianensis (Aubl.) Rusby, nom. su- J.A. Steyermark in J.A. Steyermark et al., Fl. per.; Palicorea guianensis Aubl. var. tetramera Venez. Guay. 8: 680-695. 2004; Delprete, P.G. Bremek.; Palicorea guianensis Aubl. var. trimera et al. in A. Reis, Fl. Ilustr. Catarinense RUBI Bremek.; Palicourea guianensis Aubl. subsp. oc- (2): 502-512. 2005. cidentalis Steyerm. Distribution: Ranging from Mexico, throughout Central America, Greater and Les- 45-8. Palicourea lagesii K. Schum. & K. ser Antilles, to Colombia, Bolivia, and Brazil: Krause, Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg ca. 280 species; in MT and MS 18 species. 1: 110. “1908” [1909].

45-1. Palicourea bracteosa Standl., Publ. 45-9. Palicourea lanata (Muell. Arg.) Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 222. 1930. Standl., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. Syn.: Psychotria edaphotrix Steyerm. 8: 381. 1931. Syn.: Psychotria lanata Muell. Arg. 45-2. Palicourea coriacea (Cham.) K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Panzenfam. 45-10.10. Palicourea macrobotrys (Ruiz & 4( 4): 115. 1891. Pav.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 5: 194. 1819. Psychotria macrobotrys Syn.: Patabea coriacea Cham., non Psycho- Syn.: Ruiz & Pav.; Palicourea nicotianaefolia Cham. & Schltdl.; tria coriacea Poir. ex Spreng.[= Chione exserta Psychotria mansoana Muell. Arg.; Palicourea la- (DC.) Urb.]; Psychotria xanthophylla Muell. Arg. sioneura K. Krause; Palicourea williamsii Rusby. 45-3. Palicourea corymbifera (Muell. 45-11. Palicourea marcgravii A. St. Arg.) Standl., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Hil., Pl. Rem., Brés. 231, tab. 22. 1824. Bot. Ser. 7: 127. 1930. Syn.: Psychotria marcgravii Spreng., nom.; 55 Syn.: Psychotria corymbifera Muell. Arg.; Palicourea noxia Mart.; Palicourea hebeantha DC. Psychotria verrucosa Muell. Arg.; Palicourea expetens Standl. 45-12. Palicourea nitidella (Muell. Arg.) Standl., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., 45-4 . Palicourea crocea (Sw.) Roem. & Bot. Ser. 7: 142. 1930. Schult., Syst. Veg. 5: 193. 1819. Syn.: Psychotria nitidella Muell. Arg. Syn.: Psychotria crocea Sw.; Psychotria subcrocea Muell. Arg.; Psychotria cujabensis Schltdl. 45-13. Palicourea ovalifolia (Rusby) Standl., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 45-5. Palicourea grandiflora (Kunth) 7: 323. 1931. Standl., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. Syn.: Psychotria ovalifolia Rusby 7: 466. 1931. Syn.: Nonatelia grandiflora Kunth. 45-14. Palicourea paraensis (Muell. Arg.) Standl., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 226. 45-6. Palicourea grandifolia (Willd. 1936. Syn.: Psychotria paraensis Muell. Arg. ex Roem. & Schult.) Standl., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 226. 1936. 45-15. Palicourea radians (Muell. Arg.) Syn.: Psychotria grandifolia Willd. ex Standl., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. Roem. & Schult.; Nonatelia macrophylla Kunth; 8: 219. 1930. Psychotria amazonica Muell. Arg.; Psychotria Syn.: Psychotria radians Muell. Arg. sprucei Muell. Arg.; Palicourea sprucei (Muell. Arg.) K. Schum.; Palicourea grandifolia var. spru- 45-16. Palicourea rigida Kunth in cei (Muell. Arg.) Steyerm. Humb. & Bonpl., Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 370. 1819. Syn.: Psychotria rigida Bredem. ex Roem. 45-7.7. Palicourea guianensis Aubl., Hist. & Schult.; Palicourea diuretica Mart.; Psychotria Pl. Guiane 1: 173. 1775. byrsophylla Spreng.; Psychotria sonans Mart.; Palicourea rigida ssp. hirtibacca Steyerm. 45-17. Palicourea subspicata J. Hub., 46-1.1. Pentas lanceolata (Forssk.) De- Bol. Mus. Paraense Hist. Nat. 4: 613. 1906. ers, Voy. Yemen, 142. 1889. [cultivated] Syn.: Ophiorrhiza lanceolata Forssk.; Ma- 45-18. Palicourea triphylla DC., Prodr. nettia lanceolata (Forssk.) Vahl.; Neurocarpaea 4: 526. 1830. lanceolata (Forssk.) R. Br.; Pseudomussaenda lan- Syn.: Psychotria triphylla (DC.) Muell. Arg. ceolata (Forssk.) Wernham; Vignadia quartiniana A. Rich.; Pentas quartiniana (A. Rich.) Oliv.; 46. PENTAS Benth., Hooker’s Bot. Mag. Pentas verrucosa Chiov.; Pentas carnea sensu 70: pl. 4086. 1844. Type: P. carnea Benth. auctores, non Pentas carnea Benth. sensu stricto Syn.: Neurocarpacea R. Br., in Salt (1814); (cf. Verdcourt, 1951, 1976). Orthostemma Wall. ex Voigt (1845); Vignaldia A. Rich. (1847); Vignudia Schweinf. (1867). 47. PENTODON Hochstetter, Flora 27: 551. 1844. Type: P. decumbens Hochstetter Erect herbs or small shrubs, cultivated. Raphides present. Stipules interpetiolar, Erect or decumbent, aquatic or semi- sheathing at base, connate to the petioles, aquatic, annual herbs; raphides present. Sti- !mbriate, with 2-12 setae, each seta with an pules interpetiolar, connate to the petioles apical colleter, persistent. Leaves opposite or or sheathing, low ridge, truncate or sheath whorled, 3-5 per node, subsessile or short- to broadly ovate to broadly triangular, centrally long-petiolate; blades narrowly ovate, ellip- mucronate (sometimes 2- or 3-mucronate), tic or lanceolate, chartaceous or papyraceous; domatia absent. Inorescence terminal, fron - !mbriate, topped by 1, 3 or 6-9 setae, per - dose, cymose, many-owered. Flowers bi - sistent, withering on the stem (no abscission sexual; protandrous; hypanthium obovoid; layer is formed). Leaves opposite, subsessile or calyx tube extremely reduced, with small lo- short-petiolate; blades ovate, elliptic, obovate bes; persistent; lobes 5, narrowly triangular; or lanceolate, membranaceous or chartaceous; 56 corolla hypocrateriform or narrowly infun- domatia absent. Inorescence axillary or ter - dibuliform, white to cream-white, pink, red, minal, paniculate or cymose, pauciorous or violet or purple; tube externally glabrous or uniorous. Flowers bisexual, protandrous. pubescent; internally pubescent throughout, Calyx tube extremely reduced, with small lo- without a pubescent ring inside; lobes 5, val- bes, persistent; lobes 5, deltoid, narrowly trian- vate, or narrowly imbricate, ovate, lanceolate, gular or lanceolate. Corolla narrowly infundi- or oblong, margin entire, acute at apex. Sta- buliform, actinomorphic, white, cream-white, mens included or partially exserted; anthers pinkish-white, bluish-white to pale blue; tube elongate, round at base, subsessile. Pollen 3-4- externally glabrous, internally glabrous or pu- colporate, exine !nely reticulate or perforate. bescent, sometimes with a pubescent ring at Style exserted well beyond the corolla; terete ori!ce inside; lobes 5, valvate, narrowly trian - throughout, not eshy; glabrous; lobes 2; line - gular or narrowly ovate, acute at apex. Stamens ar. Ovary 2-3-locular, placentation axile; ovu- included or partially exserted (only tips exser- les many per locule. Fruit a septicidal capsule, ted); anthers narrowly elliptic, round at base dehiscing basipetally, the valves secondarily and at apex, dorsi!xed near the base; !laments splitting at apex, chartaceous. Seeds horizon- attached at the middle, upper part or near the tal, 3-5-angular. mouth of the corolla tube, short, glabrous. Pol- Literature: Verdcourt in Polhill, Fl. Trop. len 3-colporate, exine reticulate. Style partially East Afr., Rubiaceae, Part 1: 183-213. 1976; exserted (only tips of branches exserted) or in- Burger, W. & C. M. Taylor in W. Burger, Fl. cluded, glabrous; lobes 2, linear. Ovary 2-locu- Costar., Fieldiana, Bot. n. s. 33: 216-217. 1993; lar, obovoid, placentation axile; ovules many Delprete, P.G. et al. in A. Reis, Fl. Ilustr. Cata- per locule. Fruit a loculicidal capsule, dehis- rinense RUBI (2): 513-517. 2005. cing only at apex, chartaceous to crustaceous. Distribution: Endemic to Africa, Mada- Seeds horizontal, minute, 3-5-angular. gascar and islands of the Indian Ocean, with Literature: Bremekamp, C.E.B., Verh. ca. 40 species; in the Neotropics 1 species is Kon. Ned. Akad. Wet., Afd. Nat., ser. 2, 48(2): cultivated as ornamental. 175-176. 1952 (as “ Pentodon pentander ”); Ro- ternally glabrous or pubescent at mouth, lo- gers, G.K., J. Arnold Arb. 68: 137-183. 1987; bes valvate, deltoid, or narrowly triangular, or Burger, W. & C.M. Taylor in W. Burger, Fl. ovate, or suborbicular; margin entire; acute at Costaric., Fieldiana, Bot. n. s. 33: 217. 1993. apex; stamens included or partially exserted; Distribution: According to Rogers (1987), !laments attached at the middle or upper part a genus of 2 species distributed in the New of the corolla tube, short, glabrous, anthers World, Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Madagas- narrowly elliptic, round and lanate to barba- car, Seychelles and the Cape Verde Islands. In te at base, dorsi!xed near the base; ovary 2- tropical and subtropical America only 1 spe- 4-locular, placenta reduced, ovules apically cies is present. inserted, pendulous, 1 per locule, style exserted just beyond the corolla, !liform, glabrous, 47-1. Pentodon pentandrus (Schuma- style branches 2, ovate or elliptic. Fruit capsu- ch. & Thonn.) Vatke, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. lar, circumcissile, dehiscing transversally, re- 25: 231. 1875. leasing the apical portion (operculum) as one Syn.: Hedyotis pentandra Schumach. & unit, the basal portion remaining attached to Thonn.; Oldenlandia pentandra (Schumach. & the peduncle; crustaceous; seeds ascending. Thonn.) DC.; Hedyotis halei Torr. & Gray; Pen- ovoid to obovoid. todon halei (Torr. & Gray) A. Gray; Oldenlan- Literature: Steyermark, J.A. in B. Ma- dia halei (Torr. & Gray) Chapm.; Oldenlandia guire & Coll., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 10: macrophylla DC.; non Diodia macrophylla K. 232-250. 1963; Steyermark, J.A. & J. H. Kirkbri- Schum. de, Brittonia 29: 191-198. 1977. Robbrecht, E., Opera Bot. Belg. 6: 26. “1993” [1994]; Taylor, 48. PERAMA Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: C.M. & J.A. Steyermark in J.A. Steyermark et 54. 1775. Type: P. hirsuta Aubl. al., Fl. Venez. Guay. 8: 695-698. 2004. Syn.: Buchia Kunth (1817); Mattuschkaea Distribution: Ranging from Colombia to Schreb., Mattuschea Batsch (orth. var.), Mat- Peru and Brazil; ca. 13 species; in MT and MS 57 tuschkea Kunth (orth. var.), Mattuskea Raf. (orth. 2 species. var.), non Mattuschkia Gmel. (1791, Saururaceae). 48-1. Perama dichotoma Poepp. & Erect or sprawling, annual herbs. Ra- Endl., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 29, !g. 235. “1841” phides present. Stipules interpetiolar, free at [1845]. base, reduced to a line between the petioles, Syn.: Perama scaposa Gleason & Standl.; persistent. Leaves in basal rosettes or cauline, Perama dichotoma Poepp. & Endl. var. scapo- opposite or 3-4 per node, sessile or subsessile; sa (Gleason & Standl.) Steyerm., var. hirsutula blades ovate to narrowly ovate, elliptic to very (Gleason & Standl.) Steyerm. narrowly elliptic, oblong, lanceolate or linear, membranaceous, chartaceous or papyraceous; 48-2. Perama hirsuta Aubl., Hist. Pl. domatia absent. Inorescence axillary or ter - Guiane 1: 54, t. 18. 1775. minal, frondose or not, spicate, or simple or Syn.: Mattuschkaea hirsuta (Aubl.) Vahl.; compound dichasia, terminating in spicate, Mattuschkaea hispida Kunth; Perama setulosa globose to oblong heads or rarely in few-o - Miq.; Perama ericoides Poepp. & Endl.; Mattus- wered cymules. Flowers 3-5-merous, bisexual, chkaea incana Spreng.; Perama stricta Benth.; Pe- protandrous; hypanthium ovoid; calyx tube rama hirsuta Aubl. var. stricta (Benth.) Bremek. extremely reduced, persistent, lobes minute, narrowly triangular, lanceolate, subulate 49. POGONOPUS Klotzsch, Monats- or linear; corolla hypocrateriform and with ber. Koenigl. Preuss. Acad. Wiss. Berlin 1853: a constriction below stamens attachments 500. 1853. Type: P. ottonis Klotzch [= P. specio- or narrowly infundibuliform, white, cream- sus (Jacq.) K. Schum. var. speciosus ]. white,, bluish-white, yellowish-white, yellow, Syn.: Carmenocania Wernh. (1912); Chrys- pale blue, pink or pale violet, tube externally oxylon Wedd. (1849), nom. superfl ., non Chrys- glabrous, puberulent, strigose or villous, in- oxylon Casar. (1843; Mimosaceae); Howardia Wedd. (1841), non Howardia Klotzsch (1960), Syn.: Cyrtanthus Schreb. (1789); So- nom. superfl . (Aristolochiaceae) lena Willd. (1798), nom. superfl ., non Sole- na Loureiro (1790, Cucurbitaceae); Stannia Shrubs or small to medium-sized trees; H. Karst. (1848); Martha F. Muell. (1866). raphides absent. Stipules interpetiolar, free at base; deltoid or broadly triangular; persistent. Shrubs or small to tall canopy trees. Ra- Leaves opposite; long or short-petiolate; bla- phides absent. Stipules interpetiolar, free at des elliptic or obovate; chartaceous or thinly base, ovate, narrowly triangular, oblong, li- coriaceous; domatia hairy-pockets, tuft-pits gulate to lanceolate, readily caducous. Leaves or absent. Inorescence terminal, frondose pa - opposite, subsessile or short- to long-petio- niculate, densely or paniculate sparsely bran- late; blades ovate, elliptic to narrowly ellip- ched. Flowers bisexual, protandrous. Calyx tic, obovate to narrowly obovate or oblong, extremely reduced; caducous, lobes 4 or 5; del- papyraceous, subcoriaceous, coriaceous or toid or triangular. Calycophylls semaphyllous, thickly coriaceous; domatia absent. Inores - 1 lobe per ower (rarely 2–3 lobes per ower), cence terminal, cymose or corymbose, few- to present in the !rst owers of inorescence many-owered. Flowers 5-merous, bisexu - branchlets; pale pink, deep pink, red or purple. al, protandrous; hypanthium obconical or Corolla tubular; actinomorphic; pink, red, vio- obovoid; calyx cup-shaped, persistent, lobes let to purple; tube glabrous throughout with a small, rounded, ovate, broadly to narrowly pubescent ring at base inside; lobes 4 or 5, val- triangular to lanceolate; corolla hypocrateri- vate, deltoid or ovate, acute at apex. Stamens form, zygomorphic, ower bud laterally bent exserted well beyond the corolla; anthers ellip- at apex (corolla lobes), white to cream-white, tic or oblong, round or acute at base, round tube long and narrow, externally glabrous, or acute at apex; dorsi!xed near the middle; internally glabrous or papillose, without a !laments attached to base of the corolla tube, pubescent ring, lobes imbricate or left-contor- 58 with a tuft of hairs at base. Pollen 3-colpora- ted, ovate, oblong-ovate, oblong to lanceolate, exine reticulate. Style exserted well beyond te, margin entire, obtuse or rounded at apex; the corolla, !liform, glabrous; lobes 2, ovate stamens exserted just beyond the corolla, !la - or oblong. Ovary 2-locular, ovoid or turbina- ments attached near the mouth of the corolla te, ovules many per locule. Fruit a loculicidal tube, long, unequal, glabrous, or puberulent capsule, dehiscing basipetally, thinly woody. or pubescent at basal portion (glabrous abo- Seeds horizontal, minute, 3-5-angular. ve), anthers fused in two couples and one Literature: Delprete, P.G., Fl. Neotr. Mo- left single (presenting the pollen in a globo- nogr. 77: 1-226. 1999. se mass), oblong or narrowly oblong, round Distribution: Ranging from Central or acute at base, acute or acuminate at apex, America to tropical South America, with am- dorsi!xed near the base; pollen 3-colporate, 3- phitropic distribution 3 species; in MT and MS pororate or 3-aperturate, exine reticulate; ova- 1 species. ry 2-locular, placentation axile, peltate to the entire length of the septum, ovules many per 49-1. Pogonopus tubulosus (A. Rich. in DC.) K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 265. 1889. locule, style exserted just beyond the corolla Syn.: Macrocnemum tubulosum A. Rich. tube, papillate-verrucose or puberulent at ba- in DC.; Chrysoxylon tubulosus (A. Rich. in DC.) sal portion and glabrous above, style branches Kuntze; Calycophyllum tubulosum (A. Rich. in 2, oblong. Fruit baccate, leathery, ovoid, large; DC.) DC.; Howardia richardi Wedd., nom. super- seeds horizontal, perlaceous, dorsoventrally fl. ; Pogonopus febrifugus (Wedd.) Hook. f.; Ho- compressed, ovate, obovate or rounded in ou- wardia febrifuga Wedd.; Chrysoxylon febrifugum tline. Wedd., nom. inval. ; Pogonopus febrifugus Hook. Literature: Steyermark, J.A. in B. Ma- f. var. macrosema Hutch. guire & Coll., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 17: 322-333. 1967; Macias, L. Revisão taxonômica 50. POSOQUERIA Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guia- do gênero Posoqueria (Rubiaceae). Master The- ne 1: 133. 1775. Type: P. longiflora Aubl. sis, Univ. Est. Campinas, SP, Brazil. 1988; Tay- lor, C.M. & J.A. Steyermark in J.A. Steyermark lateral branches, simple or compound dicha- et al., Fl. Venez. Guay. 8: 702-705. 2004. sia terminating in spicate, globose to oblong Distribution: Ranging from Mexico, heads or rarely in pauciorous cymules, con - throughout Central America, to Colombia, densed dichasia 3-10-owered subtended Bolivia, and Brazil: ca. 13 species; in MT and by bracts, capitate and subtended or not by MS 1 species. bracts, fasciculate and subtended by leaf-like bracts or uniorous. Flowers 4-5(-6)-merous, 50-1. Posoqueria latifolia (Rudge) bisexual, protandrous; hypanthium ovoid, Roem. & Schult., Syst. Pl. 5: 227. 1819. obovoid or turbinate; calyx tube extremely re- Syn.: Solena latifolia Rudge; Posoqueria duced, cup-shaped or short- to long tubular, trifida Poepp.; Tocoyena longifolia Kunth. truncate, persistent or caducous, lobes, when present, minute to large, broadly ovate, ova- 51. PSYCHOTRIA L., Syst. ed. 10, 929. te, broadly to narrowly triangular, lanceolate 1759, nomen conserv . Type: P. asiatica L. or narrowly-lanceolate; corolla campanulate, Syn.: Psychothria L., orth. var .; Psychotrop- narrowly campanulate, tubular, hypocrateri- hum P. Browne (1756), nom. rej .; Myristiphyl- form, narrowly to broadly infundibuliform or lum P. Browne (1756); Mapouria Aubl. (1775); rarely subrotate, white, cream-white, pinkish- Nonatelia Aubl. (1775); Tapogomea Aubl. (1775); white, reddish-white, yellow, or yellowish- Grumilea Gaertn. (1788); Cephaelis Sw. (1788); white, pink, bluish-white, pale to deep blue, Suteria DC. (1830); Uragoga Baill. (1879); Chy- tube externally glabrous, puberulent, pubes- tropsia Bremek. (1934); Gamotopea Bremek. cent or tomentose, internally glabrous or pu- (1934); Naletonia Bremek. (1934); Petagomea berulent or pubescent St. medial or distal por- Bremek. (1934). tion, without a pubescent ring, lobes valvate, ovate to narrowly ovate, broadly to narrowly Erect, trailing or decumbent, annual triangular, elliptic, oblong, oblong-ovate, nar- or perennial herbs (rarely epiphytic herbs or rowly oblong lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, 59 margin entire, ovate, acute, short-acumina- shrubs), or subshrubs to shrubs (sometimes te or with a romboidal or triangular internal rheophytic), or small to tall canopy trees. Ra- appendix at apex; stamens included, par- phides present. Stipules interpetiolar, free or tially exserted or exserted just beyond or well connate at base, often connate to the petioles, beyond the corolla, !laments attached at the truncate, broadly to narrowly triangular, ovate, lower, middle or upper part of the corolla tube obovate, oblong, lanceolate, ligulate, oblong, or near the mouth of the corolla tube, short to or sheathing at base and bi!d, with two small long, equal, glabrous, puberulent or pubes- to narrowly-triangular lobes on each side, per- cent at basal portion, anthers button-shaped, sistent, subcaducous or readily caducous. Le- elliptic, narrowly elliptic, oblong to narrowly aves opposite or whorled, 3-4 per node; sessile oblong, round or acute at base, round, acute , subsessile or short- to long-petiolate; blades or acuminate at apex, dorsi!xed near the mid- cordate, broadly to narrowly ovate, broadly dle or near the base; pollen 3-5-colporate or to very narrowly elliptic, broadly to narrowly 3-5-colpate or inaperturate, exine reticulate, ovate, rhombic, oblong to narrowly oblong, irregularly reticulate, !nely reticulate, tectate spatulate, pandurate, oblanceolate, lanceolate, or perforate; ovary 2- or 4-5-locular (rarely 6- membranaceous, chartaceous, papyraceous, locular), placenta reduced, ovules basally in- subcoriaceous or thickly coriaceous, rarely serted, 1 per locule, style include, partially ex- succulent in epiphytic species; domatia tufts serted or exserted just beyond or well beyond dense hairs, hairy-pockets, pockets, or absent. the corolla, glabrous or puberulent at basal Inorescence axillary or terminal, frondose or portion, style branches as many as the locu- not, paniculate, densely or sparsely branched, les, oblong or linear. Fruit drupaceous, with 2 with branches terminating in globose few- to woody pyrenes (rarely 4-5), eshy or spongy; many-owered heads or in many-owered pyrenes ascending, ovate in outline, plano- umbels, racemose, spicate, cymose, corym- convex, ventrally sulcate, with germination bose, thyrsoid, long-thyrsoid with corymbose slits on lateral margins. Literature: Steyermark, J.A. in B. Ma- sis (Wernham) Steyerm., ssp. inundata var. sep- guire & Coll., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: tentrionalis Steyerm. 406-717. 1972; Steyermark, J.A. in T. Lasser & J.A. Steyermark, Fl. Venezuela 9(3): 1111-1683. 51-7. Psychotria carthagenensis Jacq., 1974; Taylor, C.M. & J.A. Steyermark in J.A. Enum. Pl. Carib. 16. 1762. Steyermark, Fl. Venez. Guay. 8: 706-775. 2004; Syn.: Psychotria alba Ruiz & Pav.; Psy- Delprete, P.G. et al. in A. Reis, Fl. Ilustr. Cata- chotria foveolata Ruiz & Pav.;v.; Psychotria ficigem- rinense RUBI (2): 525-616. 2005. ma DC.; Psychotria fockeana Miq.; Mapouria tristis Distribution: Pantropical of ca. 1500 spe- Muell. Arg.; Mapouria alba (Ruiz & Pav.) Muell. cies; in the Neotropics ca. 800 species ranging Arg.; Mapouria catharinense Muell. Arg.; Urago- from Mexico, Central America, Greater, Lesser ga alba (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze; Psychotria tristicu- Antilles, Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil to northern la Standl.; Mapouria fockeana (Miq.) Bremek. Argentina; in MT and MS 37 species. 51-8.8. Psychotria colorata (Willd. ex 51-1. Psychotria amplectans Benth., J. Roem. & Schult.) Muell. Arg. in Mart., Fl. Bras. Bot. (Hooker) 3: 230. 1841. 6(5): 372. 1881. Syn.: Psychotria paradoxa Muell. Arg.; Syn.: Cephaelis colorata Willd. ex Roem. Psychotriaa romboutsii Bremek. & Schult.; Psychotria megapontica Muell. Arg.; Cephaelis amoena Bremek.; Psychotria calviflora Psychotria colorata 51-2.2. Psychotria borjensis Kunth in Steyerm.; (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Muell. Arg. ssp. megapontica (Muell. Humb. & Bonpl., Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto) 3: Arg.) Steyerm. 357. 1818. Syn.: Mapouria borjensis (Kunth) Muell. 51-9.9. Psychotria corumbensis (S. Mapouria umbrosa Arg.; Muell. Arg. Moore) Hoehne, Ind. Bibl. Num. Pl. Col. Com. Rondon 387. 1951. 60 51-3.3. Psychotria brachybotria Muell. Syn.: Mapouria corumbensis S. Moore. Arg. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(5): 327. 1881. Syn.: Psychotria iquitoensis Standl. 51-10. Psychotria cornigera Benth., J. Bot. (Hooker) 3: 227. 1841. 51-4.4. Psychotria bracteocardia (DC.) Syn.: Psychotria bahiensis DC. var. corni- Müll. Arg. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(5): 362. 1881. gera (Benth.) Steyerm.; Psychotria subcuspidata Syn.: Psychotria glabrescens Muell. Arg.; Muell. Arg. [specimens of P. cornigera from Uragoga glabrescens (Muell. Arg.) Kuntze; Cep- MT have been identi!ed as Psychotria bahien- haelis glabrescens (Muell. Arg.) Standl. sis DC., but according to Taylor & Steyermark (2004), this species is endemic to Bahia]. 51-5.5. Psychotria campyloneura Muell. Arg. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(5): 302. 1881. 51-11. Psychotria deflexa DC., Prodr. Syn.: Psychotria deflexa ssp. campyloneura 4: 510. 1830. (Benth.) Steyerm. 51-12. Psychotria hoffmannseggiana 51-6.6. Psychotria capitata Ruiz & Pav., (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Muell. Arg. in Fl. Peruv. 2: 59, pl. 206, !g. a. 1799. Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(5): 336. 1881. Syn.: Psychotria setifera Benth.; Psycho- Syn.: Cephaelis hoffmannseggiana Willd. tria inundata Benth.; Psychotria setifera Benth.; ex Roem. & Schult.; Cephaelis dichotoma Willd. Psychotria chlorotica Muell. Arg., var. lanceolata ex Roem. & Schult., nom. ill ., non Rudge (1805); Cephaelis rubra Willd. ex Roem. & Muell., var. obovata Muell. Arg.; Psychotria ro- Schult.; Cephaelis microcephala Miq., nom. ill ., raimensis Wernham; Psychotria cubitalis Standl. non Humb. & Bonp. ex Roem. & Sxhult.; Psy- & Steyerm.; Psychotria heterocarpa Standl. & chotria microcephala Miq.; Psychotria erythro- Psychotria capitata capitata Steyerm.; ssp. var. phylla Muell. Arg.; Psychotria hoffmannseggiana capitata f. trichophora Steyerm., ssp. inundata (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Muell. Arg. var. (Benth.) Steyerm., ssp. inundata var. roraimen- erythrophylla (Muell. Arg.) Steyerm. 51-13. Psychotria iodotricha Muell. Arg.; Mapouria tobagensis Urb.; Psychotria Arg. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(5): 375. 1881. trinitensis Urb.; Mapouria opaca Bremek.; Psy- Syn.: Psychotria atricapilla Bremek.; Psy- chotria mapourioides DC. var. chionantha (DC.) chotria iodotricha Muell. Arg. ssp. atricapilla Steyerm.; Psychotria mapourioides DC. var. opa- (Bremek.) Steyerm. ca (Bremek.) Steyerm.; Psychotria mapourioides DC. var. tobagensis (Urb.) Steyerm. 51-14. Psychotria kuhlmannii Standl., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 239. 1936. 51-19.19. Psychotria officinalis (Aubl.) Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1931: 473. 1931. 51-15. Psychotria leiocarpa Cham. & Syn.: Nonatelia officinalis Aubl.; Psycho- Schltdl., Linnaea 4: 22. 1829. tria officinaliscinalis (Aubl.) Raeusch., nom. nud .; Psy- Syn.: Psychotria leiocarpa Cham. & Schl- chotria involucrata Sw., non auct.; Psychotria tdl. var. intermedia Muell. Arg.; Ronabea myo- villosa Vell., non Ruiz & Pav. (1799); Psychotria dendron A. Rich. in DC. barbiflora DC.; Patabea tenerior Cham.; Psycho- tria tenerior (Cham.) Muell. Arg. [for notes on 51-16.16. Psychotria lupulina Benth., synonyms, see Delprete et al., 2005]. Hook. J. Bot. 3: 230. 1841. Syn.: Psychotria nervosa Benth.; Psy- 51-20. Psychotria oreadum S. Moore, chotria leucophaea Poepp. & Endl.; Psychotria Trans. Linn. Soc. 2nd ser., 4: 376. 1895. maypurensis Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Syn.: Psychotria oreadum var. viridis S. Schult.; Patabea alba Kunth; Cephaelis cymosa Moore Spreng.; Psychotria lupulina Benth. var. stipulacea Muell. Arg.; Psychotria rudgei Bremek.; 51-21. Psychotria paniculata (Aubl.) Cephaelis justiciifolia Rudge; non Psychotriaa jus- Raeusch., Nom. Bot. 56. 1797. ticiifolia Standl.; Psychotria lupulina Benth. var. Syn.: Nonatelia paniculata Aubl.; Psycho- tria flexuosa Willd., nom. superfl. ill . rhodoleuca (Muell. Arg.) Steyerm.; Psychotria 61 rhodoleuca Muell. Arg.; Psychotria persimilis 51-22. Psychotria platypoda DC., Pro- Muell. Arg.; Psychotria flavovirens Suess.; Psy- dr. 4: 510. 1830. chotria langsdorffiana Muell. Arg.; Psychotria Syn.: Cephaelis dichotoma Rudge, non lupulina Benth. ssp. rhodoleuca (Muell. Arg.) Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.; Psychotria dichoto- Steyerm.erm. var. maypurensis (Humb.& Bonpl.) ma (Rudge) Bremek., nom. illeg ., non Humb. && Psychotria lupulina rhodo- Steyerm.; Benth. ssp. Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult. leuca (Muell. Arg.) Steyerm. var. maypurensis (Humb.& Bonpl.) Steyerm. f. pubens Steyerm. 51-23. Psychotria podocephala (Muell. Arg.) Standl., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. 51-17.17. Psychotria malmei (Standl.) Ser. 7: 109. 1930. Zappi in B. Dubs, Prodr. Fl. Matogross., Ser. Syn.: Mapouria podocephala Muell. Arg. B 3: 258. 1998. Syn.: Cephaelis malmei Standl., Field Mus. 51-24. Psychotria poeppigiana Muell. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 189. 1936. Arg. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(5): 370. 1881. Syn.: Cephaelis tomentosa (Aubl.) Vahl; non 51-18. Psychotria mapourioides DC., Psychotria tomentosa Hemsl.; Tapogomea tomen- Prodr. 4: 509. 1830. tosa Aubl.; Uragoga tomentosa (Aubl.) Kuntze; Syn.: Mapouria guianensis Aubl.; non Uragoga tomentosa (Aubl.) K. Schum.; Callicocca Psychotria guianensis Raeusch., nom. nud .; non tomentosa (Aubl.) Gmel.; Cephaelis hirsuta Mart. Psychotria guianensis (Aubl.) Rusby; Psychotria & Gal.; non Psychotria hirsuta Sw.; Psychotria nitida Willd.; Psychotria mapouria Roem. & poeppigiana Muell. Arg. ssp. barcellana (Muell. Schult., nom. ill. superfl .; Palicourea chionantha Arg.) Steyerm.; Psychotria barcellana Muell. DC.; Psychotria luschnathii Klotzsch; Psychotria Arg.; Cephaelis barcellana (Muell. Arg.) Standl. floribunda Griseb.; Psychotria luschnathiana Schlecht.; Mapouria luschnathiana (Schlecht.) 51-25. Psychotria prunifolia (Kunth) Muell. Arg.; Mapouria chionantha (DC.) Muell. Steyerm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 655. 1972. Syn.: Cephaelis prunifolia Kunth; Cepha- 51-32. Psychotria tomentella (S. Mo- elis microcephala Willd ex Roem. & Schult.; Psy- ore) Zappi in B. Dubs, Prodr. Fl. Matogross., chotria microcephala (Willd ex Roem. & Schult.) Ser. B 3: 259. 1998. Muell. Arg.; non Psychotria microcephala Miq.; Syn.: Mapouria tomentella S. Moore, Psychotria microcephala (Willd. ex Roem. & Trans. Linn. Soc. 2 ser, 4: 381. 1896. Schult.) Muell. Arg. var. tripotamica Muell. Arg.; Psychotria xanthocephala Muell. Arg. 51-33.33. Psychotria tricephala (Muell. Arg.) Zappi in B. Dubs, Prodr. Fl. Matogross., 51-26. Psychotria racemosa Rich., Ac- Ser. B 3: 259. 1998. tes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 107. 1792. Syn.: Mapouria tricephala Muell. Arg. in Syn.: Notatelia racemosa Aubl.; Oribasia Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(5): 423. 1881. racemosa (Aubl.) Gmel.; Psychotria racemosa (Aubl.) Raeush.; Psychotria longistipulata Benth. 51-34. Psychotria tricholoba Muell. Arg. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(5): 343. 1881. 51-27. Psychotria rondonii Delprete, Syn.: Cephaelisephaelis tricholoba (Muell. Arg.) nom. nov. Standl. Syn.: Cephaelis krauseana Standl., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 181. 1930. 51-35.35. Psychotria turbinella Muell. Psychotria krauseana (Standl.) Zappi in B. Dubs, Arg. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(5): 374. 1881. Prodr. Fl. Matogross., Ser. B 3: 258. 1998, nom. Syn.: Psychotria sororiella Muell. Arg.; Ce- illeg .; non Psychotria krauseana Standl., Publ. phaelis sororiella (Muell. Arg.) Standl.; Psycho- Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 212. 1930. tria turbinella Muell. Arg. var. sororiella (Muell. - Type: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Rio Arinos, Dec Arg.) Steyerm. 1914 (), J.C. Kuhlmann 1410 (holotype B, de- stroyed; lectotype RB, here selected ). 51-36. Psychotria ulviformis Steyerm., 62 The new name of this species is dedica- Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 638. 1972. ted to General Cândido Rondon (1865-1958; Syn.: Tapogomea alba Aubl., non Ruiz & Diacon, 2004, 2006), the leader of the expedi- Pav. (1799); Callicocca alba (Aubl.) Gmel.; Ce- tion to the Mato Grosso (Commission of Tele- phaelis alba (Aubl.) Willd.; Uragoga alba (Aubl.) graphic Lines in Mato Grosso and Amazonas; Kuntze; Uragoga alba (Aubl.) Pulle, comb. su- see Hoene, 1914, 1923, 1951), where J. C. Kuhl- perfl .; Gamotopea alba (Aubl.) Bremek.; Geophila mann participated as the botanist of the team. picta Rolfe, non Wall. (1830); Cephaelis paraensis Standl.; non Psychotria paraensis Muell. Arg. 51-28. Psychotria sciaphila S. Moore, (1881); Geophila paraensis J. Huber ex Standl., Trans. Linn. Soc. 2 ser, 4: 379. 1896. nom. nud. pro syn . Syn.: Psychotria sciaphila S. Moore ssp. longicalyx , Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 641. 1972. 51-37.37. Psychotria venulosa Muell. Arg., in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(5): 294. 1881. 51-29.29. Psychotria sellowiana (DC.) Syn.: Psychotria deflexa ssp. venulosa Muell. Arg., in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(5): 239. 1881. (Muell. Arg.) Steyerm. Syn.: Palicourea sellowiana DC.; Palicourea fastigiata Kunth. 52. RANDIA L., Sp. Pl. 1192. 1753. Type: R. mitis L. 51-30. Psychotria sphaerocephala Syn.: Foscarenia Vell. ex Vand. (1788); Ba- Muell. Arg., Flora 59: 550, 553. 1876. sanacantha Hook. f., in Benth. & Hook. f. (1873). Syn.: Cephaelis sphaerocephala (Muell. Arg.) B.L. Rob. Shrubs or small to medium-sized trees with scandent branches, or rarely lianas; dio- 51-31. Psychotria stipulosa Muell. Arg. ecious or rarely hermaphroditic. Raphides ab- in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(5): 334. 1881. sent. Thorns axillary, (2-)3-4 per node, strai- Syn.: Psychotria homoplastica S. Moore; ght, stout or needle-shaped, or absent in some Cephaelis stipulosa (Muell. Arg.) Standl. nodes. Stipules interpetiolar, connate at base, Literature: Steyermark, J.A. in B. Maguire broadly to narrowly triangular, broadly ovate & Coll., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 325-343. or lanceolate, persistent. Leaves opposite, of- 1972; Gustafsson, C., Taxonomy and phylo- ten seemingly fasciculate by extreme reduction geny of Randia (Rubiaceae, Gardenieae). Doc- of the nodes on lateral short-shoots, sessile or toral Dissertation, Göteborg Univ., Göteborg, sort- to long-petiolate; blades broadly ovate to Sweden. 2004; Delprete, P.G. et al. in A. Reis, ovate, elliptic, obovate, oblong to lanceolate, Fl. Ilustr. Catarinense RUBI (2): 617-623. 2005. chartaceous, papyraceous or subcoriaceous; Distribution: Ranging from Mexico, domatia tufts of sparse or dense hairs, or ab- throughout Central America, Greater and Les- sent. Inorescence axillary or on lateral short ser Antilles, to Colombia, Bolivia, and Brazil: shoots or terminal on axillary short shoots of ca. 80 species; in MT and MS 2 species. 3-5 nodes; male inorescence fasciculate or corymbose, few- to many-owered, female 52-1. Randia calycina Cham., Linnaea inorescences 1-owered. Male owers 4-6- 9: 246. 1834. merous, hypanthium ovoid or globose, calyx Syn.: Basanacantha calycina K. Schum. extremely reduced or cup-shaped, with undulate margin or lobed, persistent, lobes small to 52-2. Randia nitida (Kunth) DC., Prodr. foliose, ovate, oblong-obovate or lanceolate, 4: 437. 1830. corolla hypocrateriform or narrowly infundi- Syn.: Mussaenda nitida Kunth; Mussaenda buliform, white to cream-white, or yellowish- spinosa Jacq.; Basanacantha erythropoda Rusby; white, sometimes turning yellow at later stages Basanacantha phyllosepala Williams & Che- of anthesis, tube externally glabrous, puberu- esm.; Basanacantha spinosa var. guatemalensis lent, hirtellous, strigose or sericeous, internally K. Schum. ex Loes.; Basanacantha spinosa var. glabrous, pubescent or villous, without a pu- nitida (Kunth) K. Schum.; Basanacantha spinosa bescent ring inside, lobes left-contorted, ovate, var. paraguarensis Chod. & Hassler; Basanacan- suborbicular, oblong, oblong-ovate to lanceo- tha spinosa var. parviflora Chod. & Hassler. 63 late, margin entire, obtuse, rounded or acute at apex, stamens included, partially exserted Randia armata (Sw.) DC. or exserted just beyond the corolla, !laments Specimens of Randia nitida from MT and attached at the upper part or near the mouth of MS have been identi!ed as “ Randia armata the corolla tube, short or long, equal, glabrous, (Sw.) DC.”, but according to Gustafsson (2004) anthers elliptic, narrowly elliptic to oblong, this species occurs only in northern South round at base and at apex, dorsi!xed near the America, and is absent in central Brazil. base, pollen 3-porate or 3-pororate, exine reticulate, foveolate, psilate or perforate, released 53. REMIJIA DC., Biblioth. Universelle as tetrads, ovary absent, style non functional, Sci., Sci. Arts 41: 155. 1829. Type: R. ferrugi- included, glabrous, with 2 minute, connivent nea (A. St. Hil.) DC. ( Cinchona ferruginea A. St. branches; female owers 5-7-merous, hypan - Hil.). thium ovoid, calyx and corolla as in male o - wer, stamens non-functional, included or par- Shrubs or small trees or medium-sized tially exserted, anthers non-functional, usually trees. Raphides absent. Stipules interpetiolar, smaller than in male owers, pollen absent, free or connate at base, broadly to narrowly ovary 1-locular, with incomplete placenta, or triangular, ovate, obovate, oblong or ligula- 2-locular and with placentation parietal, pel- te, subcaducous or readily caducous. Leaves tate to the entire length of the septum, ovu- opposite, or whorled, 3-5 per node, short- to les many per locule, style partially exserted long-petiolate, sometimes with basal pou- or exserted just beyond the corolla, glabrous, ches inhabited by ants; blades ovate, elliptic style branches 2, ovate. Fruit baccate, leathery, to narrowly elliptic, broadly obovate to obo- ovoid to oblate; seeds horizontal, immersed in vate, oblong or oblanceolate, stify charta - a gelatinous pulp turning black when exposed ceous, papyraceous, subcoriaceous to coria- to air, perlaceous, dorsoventrally compressed, ceous; domatia tufts of sparse or dense hairs, irregularly elliptic in outline. or absent. Inorescence axillary, paniculate, thyrsoid or cymose, few- to many-owered. Syn.: Commianthus Benth. (1841); Syniso- Flowers 5-6-merous, bisexual, protandrous; on Baill. (1879); Retiniphyllum sect. Commian- hypanthium obconical, ovoid or oblate; calyx thus (Benth.) Muell. Arg. in Mart. (1881); Reti- cup-shaped, campanulate or short- to long- niphyllum sect. Ammianthus Spruce ex Muell. tubular with undulate margin or lobed, per- Arg. in Mart.(1881). sistent, lobes small, when present, broadly to narrowly triangular to lanceolate; corolla Shrubs or small trees to medium-sized hypocrateriform, white to cream-white, tube trees. Raphides absent. Stipules interpetio- externally puberulent, pubescent, hirsute or lar, connate at base, truncate (long-sheathing, sericeous, internally glabrous or pubescent splitting on one side outside of MT and MS), at mouth, lobes valvate, linear-lanceolate to persistent. Leaves opposite, short-petiolate; linear, margin entire, acute at apex; stamens blades ovate, elliptic or obovate, chartaceous included, or partially exserted, !laments atta - or coriaceous; domatia absent. Inorescence ched to the middle of the corolla tube, short or terminal, spicate; bracteoles subtending each long, equal, glabrous, anthers narrowly ellip- ower reduced, glabrous, with colleters inside; tic, narrowly oblong, elongate or linear, round involucel subtending each ower discoid, with at base and at apex, dorsi!xed near the base; colleters inside. Flowers 5-merous, bisexual, pollen 3-4-colporate, exine foveolate; ovary 2- protandrous; hypanthium globose, ovoid or locular, placentation axile, peltate to the entire obovoid; calyx cup-shaped, truncate or lobed, length of the septum, ovules many per locule, persistent, lobes, when present, small, deltoid; style included or partially exserted, glabrous, corolla hypocrateriform or faintly zygomor- antrorse-strigose, pubescent at basal portion phic (slightly curved), white to cream-white or setose-hirsute at basal portion, style bran- (pinkish-white, pink, pinkish-red or red outsi- ches 2, ovate, elliptic or oblong. Fruit capsular, de of MT and MS), tube externally strigose or ovoid, oblong or fusiform, dehiscing septici- sericeous (puberulent or tomentose outside of dally from the apex or from the base, valves MT and MS), internally with a pubescent ring 64 sometimes secondarily splitting at apex, thin- at base inside, lobes left-contorted, oblong or ly woody; seeds horizontal, laterally compres- lanceolate, margin entire, rounded or acute at sed, irregularly elliptic in outline, wings bipo- apex; stamens exserted well beyond the co- lar, membranaceous, margin nearly entire or rolla, often reexed on top of the lobes, !la - dentate to !mbriate. ments attached near the mouthth of the corolla Literature: Steyermark, J.A. in B. Ma- tube, short, equal, pubescent throughout, an- guire & Coll., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: thers elliptic, with truncate extensions at base 249-269. 1972; Taylor, C.M. & J.A. Steyermark and with acute extensions at apex, dorsi!xed in J.A. Steyermark et al., Fl. Venez. Guay. 8: near the base; pollen 3-zonocolporate, exine 779-792. 2004. reticulate, !nely reticulate or tectate-perforate; Distribution: Ranging from Colombia to ovary 5-locular, placentation axile, attached at Peru and Brazil: ca. 40 species; in MT and MS top of septum, pendent, ovules 2 per locule, 2 species. style exserted well beyond the corolla, antrorse-pubescent, style branches lobes 5, minute, 53-1. Remijia ferruginea (A. St. Hil.) oblong. Fruit drupaceous, eshy, with woody DC., Prodr. 4: 357. 1830. pyrenes, red; pyrenes dorsally verrucate; see- Syn.: Cinchona ferruginea A. St. Hil. ds vertical, elliptic to narrowly elliptic in outline, reniform. 53-2. Remijia firmula (Mart.) Wedd., Literature: Steyermark in B. Maguire & Hist. Quinquin. 93. 1849. Coll., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12(3): 178- Syn.: Cinchona firmula Mart.; Remijia 285. 1965; Cortés-B., R. Systematics and bio- spruceana Benth. ex K. Schum. geography of Retiniphyllum (Rubiaceae). Doc- toral thesis, City Univ. New York, USA. 2003; 54. RETINIPHYLLUM Bonpl. in Humb. Cortés-B., R. & J.A. Steyermark in J.A. Steyer- & Bonpl., Pl. Aequin. 1: 86, pl. 25. “1805” mark et al., Fl. Venez. Guay. 8: 793-800. 2004. [1808]. Type: R. secundiflorum Bonpl. Distribution: A neotropical genus found mostly in white-sand soils of the Guayana and Brazilian Shields, with few species extending Literature: K. Schumann in Martius, Fl. into the Amazon Region, Central, and Eastern Bras. 6(6): 91. 1888 (como “ Richardsonia ”); Smi- Brazil, and one in Peru: 22 species; in MT and th & Downs, Sellowia 7: 68, 1956; Bacigalupo MS 2 species. in Cabrera, Fl. Prov. Buenos Aires 4(5a) : 359 1965; Steyermark, Fl. Venezuela 9(3): 1876- 54-1. Retiniphyllum kuhlmannii Stan- 1879. 1974; Lewis, W. H. & R. L. Oliver, Britto- dl., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: nia 26: 271-301. 1974; Delprete, P.G. et al. in A. 356. 1931. Reis, Fl. Ilustr. Catarinense RUBI (2): 624-648. 2005. 54-2. Retiniphyllum parviflorum Distribution: Ranging from Mexico, Steyerm., Brittonia 33: 397. 1981. throughout Central America, Greater and Les- ser Antilles, to Colombia, Bolivia, and Brazil: 55. RICHARDIA L., Sp. Pl. 330. 1753. ca. 15 species; in MT and MS 5 species. Type: R. scabra L. Syn.: Ricardia Adans. (1763), orth. var ., non Richardia Kunth (1818; = Zan- 55-1.1. Richardia brasiliensis Gomes, tedeschia C. Prengel); Richardsonia Kun- Mem. Ipecacacuanha Bras. 31, pl. 2. 1801. th (1818; published as intentional correc- Syn.: Richardsonia brasiliensis (Gomes) tion of Richardia L.); Plethyrsis Raf. (1840). Hayne; Richardsonia emetica Mart.; Richardso- nia rosea A. St. Hil.; Richardsonia scabra sensu A. Sprawling or decumbent, annual or pe- St. Hil.; Richardia rosea (A. St. Hil.) Schult. in rennial herbs. Raphides present. Stipules she- L.; Richardia emetica (Mart.) Schult. in L.; Rich- athing and connate to the petioles, !mbriate, ardsonia adscendens Pav. ex DC.; Richardia ad- with 3-9 setae, each seta with an apical col- scendens Pav. ex DC.; Richardia villosa Sessé & leter, persistent. Leaves opposite, sessile or Moç. ex DC.; Richardia rosea f. albiflora Kuntze; subsessile ; blades ovate, elliptic to narrowly Richardia rosea f. lilacina Kuntze; Richardsonia elliptic, lanceolate or linear, chartaceouseous to brasiliensis var. dubia Beauverd & Felippone. 65 stify papyraceous; domatia absent. Inores - cence terminal, capitate, subtended by 4 to 55-2.2. Richardia grandiflora (Cham. & many leaf-like bracts. Flowers (3-)4-6-merous, Schltdl.) Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2: 459. 1841. bisexual, protandrous; hypanthium obovoid; Syn.: Richardsonia grandiflora Cham. & calyx tube extremely reduced, persistent, lo- Schltdl.; Richardsonia divergens Pohl ex DC.; bes small to large, lanceolate; corolla campa- Richardsonia lateralis Pohl ex DC.; Richardsonia nulate, hypocrateriform or narrowly infundi- sparsa Pohl ex DC.; Spermacoce divergens Pohl buliform, white, cream-white, pink, lavender, ex DC., pro syn .; Spermacoce lateralis Pohl ex bluish-white to pale blue, tube externally gla- DC., pro syn .; Spermacoce sparsa Pohl ex DC., pro brous, internally glabrous or pubescent at ba- syn .; Richardia divergens (Pohl ex DC.) Steud.; sal portion, lobes valvate, ovate or lanceolate, Richardia lateralis (Pohl ex DC.) Steud.; Richar- margin entire, acute at apex; stamens partially dia sparsa (Pohl ex DC.) Steud.; Richardsonia exserted or exserted just beyond the corolla; grandiflora f. albiflora Kuntze, nom. nud .; Richar- !laments attached near the mouth of the co - rolla or at lobes sinuses, long, equal, glabrous, dsonia grandiflora f. lilacina Kuntze, nom. nud . anthers elliptic, round at base and at apex, dorsi!xed near the base; pollen multi-col - 55-3.3. Richardia pedicellata (K. Schum.) porate, exine rugulate, echinate-perforate or Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 296. 1891. echinate-reticulate; ovary 2-6-locular, placen- Syn.: Richardsonia pedicellata K. Schum.; tation axile, reduced, ovules basally inserted, Richardsoniania acutifolia K. Krause; Richardia acu- ovules 1 per locule, style included or exserted tifolia (K. Krause) Standl. ex Hoene. just beyond the corolla, glabrous, style branches 2-3, ovate or oblong. Fruit schizocarpic, 55-4. Richardia scabra L., Sp. Pl. 330. breaking up into 2-6 mericarps, thinly woody 1753. or crustaceous; seeds vertical, ellipsoid-ovoid, Syn.: Richardsonia scabra (L.) A. St. Hil.; ovoid to obovoid, elaborate on dorsal sculpu- Richardia pilosa Ruiz & Pav.; Richardsonia pilo- ring of mericarps. sa (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth; Spermacoce involucrata Pursh; Spermacoce hirsuta Willd. ex Roem. & Brazil: 3 species; in MT and MS 1 species. Schult.; Richardia cubensis A. Rich.; Richardia 56-1. Ronabea latifolia Aubl., Hist. Pl. procumbens Sessé & Moç. Guiane 1: 134, t. 59. 1775. Syn.: Psychotria axillaris Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 55-5. Richardia stellaris (Cham. & Schl- 962. 1798, nom. superfl ., non Vell. (1827); Mapouria tdl.) Steud., Nom. Bot. Ed. 2, 1: 459. 1840. subsessilis var. latifolia Muell. Arg.; Ronabea erecta Syn.: Richardsonia stellaris Cham. & Schl- Aubl.; Psychotria erecta (Aubl.) Standl. & Steyerm.; tdl.; Richardsonia astroites K. Schum.; Richardia Coffea subsessilis Benth.; Mapouria subsessilis astroites (K. Schum.) Kuntze; Richardia pedi- (Benth.) Muell. Arg.; Psychotria fluctuans Standl. cellata (K. Schum.) Kuntze var. micrantha Kunt- (substitute name for P. subsessilis Benth., 1852); ze; Richardsonia stellaris f. linearifolia Chod. & Psychotria erecta f. fluctuans (Standl.) Steyerm.; Hassl.; Richardsonia stellaris f. robusta Chod. & Mapouria subsessilis (Benth.) Muell. Arg. var. an- Hassl. gustifolia Muell. Arg.; Psychotria fluctuans var. angustifolia (Muell. Arg.) Standl.; Mapouria latifolia 56. RONABEA Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: var. hispidula Bremek. 134, t. 59. 1775. Type: R. latifolia Aubl. Syn.: Psychotria sect. Oppositiflorae Benth. 57. ROSENBERGIODENDRON Fagerl., & Hook. f.; Mapouria sect. Eumapouria [= Sect. Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 42: 150. 1948. Type: R. for- Mapouria ] ser. Axillares Muell. Arg. mosum (Jacq.) Fagerl. ( Mussaenda formosa Jacq.)

Subshrubs to shrubs. Raphides present. Stipu- les interpetiolar, free or connate at base, trian- Shrubs or small trees, with scandent gular to subulate, persistent. Leaves opposite; branches. Raphides absent. Stipules inter- subsessile or petiolate; blades ovate, elliptic, petiolar, connate at base, broadly triangular, chartaceous to subcoriaceous; domatia tufts persistent or subcaducous. Leaves opposite, of hairs or absent. Inorescence axillary, sub - subsessile to short-petiolate; blades elliptic to 66 capitate or condensed-cymose, with bracts narrowly elliptic or obovate, chartaceous or subtending secondary branches, sessile to papyraceous; domatia absent. Inorescence on short-pedunculate. Flowers 5-merous, small, axillary short shoots of 3-5 nodes, 1-owered. bisexual, protandrous; hypanthium turbina- Flowers 5-6-merous, bisexual, protandrous; te. Calyx tube reduced, lobes 5 minute to lar- hypanthium narrowly obovoid or turbinate; ge, broadly ovate, ovate, broadly to narrowly calyx short-to long-tubular, persistent, lobes triangular, lanceolate or narrowly-lanceolate. 5-6, narrowly triangular to almost linear; co- Corolla hypocrateriform, white or cream-whi- rolla hypocrateriform, white to cream-white, te, tube externally glabrous, internally pubes- tube long and narrow (of variable length on cent at medial or distal portion; lobes valvate, the same branch), externally glabrous or an- narrowly ovate or narrowly triangular, mar- trorsely sericeous, internally glabrous or an- gin entire, acute at apex. Stamens 5, included; trorse sericeous at distal portion, without a !laments attached at the middle or upper pubescent ring, lobes left-contorted, ovate or part of the corolla tube, short, equal; anthers narrowly oblong, margin entire, short-acumi- narrowly oblong, dorsi!xed near the middle. nate to long-acuminate at apex; stamens par- Ovary 2-locular, placenta reduced, ovules ba- tially exserted, !laments attached at the upper sally inserted, 1 per locule, style included, or part of the corolla tube, anthers sessile or sub- partially exserted, glabrous, style branches 2, sessile narrowly oblong or elongate, round at oblong. Fruit drupaceous, with 2 woody pyre- base, round or acute at apex, dorsi!xed near nes, eshy, blue to black; pyrenes 2, ascending, the middle; pollen commonly 3-many-panto- bony, ovate in outline, plano-convex, ventrally porate or 3-many-zonoporate, exine psilate; sulcate, opening by a preformed ventral lid. ovary 1-locular and with incomplete placen- Literature: Bremekamp, C.E.M. in A. ta (with 2 rudimentary locules), or 2-locular, Pulle, Fl. Surinam, Rubiaceae, p. 236-238. 1934; placentation parietal and axial, peltate to the Taylor, C.M., Syst. Geogr. Pl. 74: 35-42. 2004. entire length of the septum, ovules many per Distribution: Ranging from Belize to locule, style exserted just beyond the corolla Colombia, Trinidad, the Guianas, Bolivia and or partially exserted (only tips of branches exserted), clavate, pubescent at distal portion, corolla tubular, hypocrateriform or narrowly style branches 2, ovate or oblong. Fruit bac- infundibuliform, actinomorphic or zygomor- cate, thinly woody, or leathery, with a gela- phic, white, cream-white inside or yellowish- tinous pulp; seeds horizontal, dorsoventrally white, tube externally glabrous, puberulent compressed, irregularly elliptic in outline. or sparsely to densely pubescent, internally Literature: Gustafsson, C. G. R., Britto- glabrous, variably puberulent or pubescent nia 50: 452-466. 1998. at basal or distal portion, without a pubescent Distribution: Ranging from Panama to ring inside, lobes valvate, ovate, oblong, lan- Bolivia and Brazil: 3 species; in MT and MS 1 ceolate, narrowly triangular, linear or !liform, species. margin entire, rounded, acute, cucullate at apex, sometimes with a romboidal or triangu- 57-1.1. Rosenbergiodendron longiflo- lar appendix; stamens included, partially ex- rum (Ruiz & Pav.) Fagerl., Svensk. Bot. Ti- serted, or exserted just beyond or well beyond dskr. 42: 148. 1948. the corolla, !laments attached at base, middle Syn.: Gardenia longiflora Ruiz & Pav.; or upper part of the corolla tube, short or long, Randia ruiziana DC. (based on Gardenia longi- equal, glabrous, anthers elliptic, narrowly flora Ruiz & Pav.); Randia formosa var. longiflora elliptic, oblong, narrowly oblong or elonga- (Ruiz & Pav.) K. Schum.; Randia speciosa DC.; te, round at base and at apex, dorsi!xed near Basanacantha macrocarpa Rusby; Randia willia- the middle; ovary 2-locular, placenta reduced, msii Standl. ovules basally inserted, erect, 1 per locule, style included, partially exserted or variably 58. RUDGEA Salisb., Trans. Linn. Soc. exserted, glabrous or puberulent-papillose at London. 327. 1807. Type: R. lancifolia Salisb. distal portion, style-branches 2, oblong, linear Syn.: Strempelia A. Rich. in DC. (1830); or long-linear. Fruit drupaceous, eshy, with Pachysanthus C. Presl (1844). 2 woody pyrenes, red to blackish-blue; seeds 67 vertical, plano-convex, not ventrally sulcate, Shrubs or small to medium-sized trees. ovate to obovate in outline. Raphides present. Stipules interpetiolar, free Literature: Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. or connate at base to long-sheathing, laciniate, !mbriate or fringed, with cartilaginous, tooth- 6(5): 163-220. 1881; Steyermark, J.A. in B. Ma- like extensions, or basal sheath with a central guire & Coll., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 17: dendroid unit (formed by the basal fusion of 396-425. 1967; Steyerm. in Lasser & Steyerm., the setae), persistent, subcaducous or readily Fl. Venezuela 9(2): 1048-1101. 1974; Zappi, caducous. Leaves opposite or whorled, 3-4 Kew Bull. 58: 513-596. 2003; Zappi, D. & J.A. per node, sessile , subsessile or short to long- Steyermark in J.A. Steyermark et al., Fl. Ve- petiolate; blades ovate, broadly to narrowly nez. Guay. 8: 805-816. 2004; Delprete, P.G. et elliptic, obovate, oblong or lanceolate, charta- al. in A. Reis, Fl. Ilustr. Catarinense RUBI (2): ceous, papyraceous, subcoriaceous to thickly 649-690. 2005. coriaceous; domatia glabrous or ciliated pits, Distribution: Ranging from Mexico, or absent. Inorescence terminal, paniculate, throughout Central America, to Colombia, frondose or not, with branches terminating Bolivia, and Brazil: ca. 215 species; in the MT in globose few- to many-owered heads or and MS 13 species. terminating with many-owered umbels, or cymose or capitate and subtended or not by 58-1. Rudgea amazonica Muell. Arg., bracts, or fasciculate, few- to many-owered, Flora 59: 460. 1876. rarely 1-owered. Flowers bisexual, 4-7-me - rous, protandrous; hypanthium obconical, 58-2. Rudgea cornifolia (Kunth) Stan- narrowly obconical or obovoid; calyx tube dl., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 7: extremely reduced or cup-shaped, truncate or 432. 1931. lobed, persistent, lobes small or large, broadly Syn.: Psychotria cornifolia Kunth (Nov to narrowly triangular, lanceolate or linear; 1819); Psychotria cornifolia Humb.& Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult. (Dec 1819); Psychotria inun- Syn.: Coffea viburnoides Cham.; Rudgea data K. Krause, nom. illeg., non Benth. (1841); krukovii Standl. Rudgea micrantha Muell. Arg.; Psychotria krauseana Standl.; Rudgea fimbriata (Benth.) Standl. in 59. SABICEA Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: Standl. & Calderon; Psychotria fimbriata Benth.; 192. 1775. Type: S. aspera Aubl. Strempelia fimbriata Bremek. Syn.: Schwenkfelda Schreber (1789); Paiva Vell. (“1825” [1829]). 58-3. Rudgea crassiloba (Benth.) B.L. Rob., Proc. Am. Acad. 45: 408. 1910. Herbaceous or woody vines (erect Syn.: Coffea crassiloba Benth.; Rudgea small shrubs in central Brazil). Raphides ab- schomburgkiana Benth. sent. Stipules interpetiolar, free at base, ovate, frequently reexed, persistent. Leaves 58-4. Rudgea cujabensis Muell. Arg. in opposite, subsessile to short-petiolate; blades Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(5): 215. 1881. ovate, elliptic or lanceolate, chartaceous, papyraceous or subcoriaceous; domatia tufts of 58-5. Rudgea erioloba Benth., Linnaeaaea sparse hairs or absent. Inorescence axillary, 23: 459. 1850. paniculate, corymbose or capitate, subtended by bracts, few- to many-owered. Flowers 4- 6-merous, bisexual; hypanthium globose or 58-6. Rudgea frondosa S. Moore, Trans. turbinate; calyx cup-shaped, persistent, lobes Linn. Soc., 2nd Ser., 4: 381. 1895. small, deltoid to narrowly triangular; corolla hypocrateriform or broadly infundibuliform, 58-7. Rudgea goyazensis Muell. Arg., white to cream-white, tube externally hirsu- Flora 59: 450, 461. 1876. te, internally glabrous and with a pubescent ring at ori!ce, lobes valvate, deltoid to narro - 58-8.8. Rudgea jasminoides (Cham.) wly triangular, margin entire, acute at apex; 68 Muell. Arg., Flora 59: 452. 1876. stamens included or exserted just beyond the Syn.: Coffea jasminoides Cham.; Rudgea corolla, !laments attached to the middle of the gaudichaudii Muell. Arg. corolla tube, short, equal, anthers linear, acute at base and at apex, dorsi!xed near the base; 58-9. Rudgea longiflora Benth., Linna- pollen 3-4-colporate, exine !nely reticulate; ea 23: 457. 1850. ovary 2-5-locular, placentation axile, peltate to Syn.: Rudgea lacerostipula K. Schum. ex the entire length of the septum, ovules many Glaziou. per locule, style included, !liform, glabrous, styles branches 3-5, oblong. Fruit baccate, 58-10. Rudgea obtusa Standl., Field eshy, red to purple; seeds small, horizontal, Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 265. 1936. 3-5-angular or ovoid to obovoid. Literature: Wernham, H. F. A monogra- 58-11. Rudgea palicoureoides (Mart.) ph of the genus Sabicea . British Museum (Na- Muell. Arg., Flora 59: 455. 1876. tural History), London 1914; Andersson, L. in Syn.: Psychotria palicoureoides Mart., Flo- G. Harling & L. Andersson, Fl. Ecuador 62: ra 24, 2, beibl. 64. 1841. 101-114. 1999. Distribution: Africa, Madagascar and 58-12. Rudgea stipulacea (DC.) Steyerm., tropical America; in the Neotropics ranging Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 17: 421. 1967. from Mexico, throughout Central America, Syn.: Coffea stipulacea DC.; Rudgea longis- Greater Antilles, to Colombia, Bolivia, and tipula Muell. Arg.; Psychotria maguirei Standl.; Brazil: ca. 45 species; in MT and MS 8 species; Ixora duidae Standl.; Psychotria avia Standl. & the de!nition of neotropical species is in a sta - Steyerm.; Rudgea avia (Standl. & Steyerm.) te of ux, and the taxa listed below are simply Steyerm. indicative, as some of them, after careful revision, might be reduced to synonymy. 58-13. Rudgea viburnoides (Cham.) Benth., Linnaea 23: 458. 1850. 59-1.1. Sabicea amazonensis Wernham, panulate or narrowly infundibuliform, white, Monogr. Sabicea 47. 1914. cream-white, reddish-white or greenish-white, tube externally glabrous, puberulent or pubes- 59-2.2. Sabicea aspera Aubl., Hist. Pl. cent, internally glabrous or puberulent, with Guiane 194, t. 76. 1775 . or without a pubescent ring at ori!ce inside, lobes narrowly imbricate, broadly ovate, ova- 59-3.3. Sabicea brasiliensis Wernham, te, broadly triangular to deltoid (rarely roun- Monogr. Sabicea 51. 1914. ded), margin entire, rounded at apex; stamens included, partially exserted or exserted just or 59-4.4. Sabicea glabrescens Benth., J. Bot. well beyond the corolla, !laments attached at (Hooker) 3: 219. 1941. base of the corolla tube, long, equal, glabrous or with a tuft of hairs at base, anthers elliptic, 59-5.5. Sabicea humilis S. Moore, Trans. narrowly elliptic, oblong, narrowly oblong, Linn. Soc., 2nd Ser., 4: 369. 1895. elongate or linear, round or acute at base, round or acute at apex, dorsi!xed near the mi - 59-6.6. Sabicea mattogrossensis Wer- ddle or near the base; pollen 3-colporate, exine nham, Monogr. Sabicea 62. 1914. reticulate; ovary 2-locular, placentation axile, peltate to the entire length of the septum, ovu- 59-7.7. Sabicea moorei Wernham, Mono- les many per locule, style exserted just or well gr. Sabicea 39. 1914. beyond the corolla, glabrous or puberulent, style branches 2; ovate, oblong or narrowly 59-8. Sabicea villosa Willd. ex Roem. & oblong. Fruit capsular, dehiscing loculicidally Schult., Syst. Veg. 5: 265. 1819. and septicidally from the apex, thickly woody (or thinly woody in some species outside MT 60. SIMIRA Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 170, and MS), pale brown, sometimes with lenti- t. 65. 1775. Type: S. tinctoria Aubl. cels; seeds vertical, peltate, hemi-elliptic in 69 Syn.: Non Simira Raf. (1836); Sickingia outline, wings lateral, membranaceous. Willd. (1801); Sprucea Benth. (1853), nom. su- Literature: Barbosa, M.R. de V. & A.L. per., non Sprucea Wilson & Hook. f. (1845); Peixoto, Acta Amazon. 19: 27-46. 1989; Bar- Arariba Mart. (1860); Blandibractea Wernham bosa, M.R. de V. & A.L. Peixoto, Novon 10: (1917); Wernhamia S. Moore (1922); Calderonia 110-112. 2000; Bremekamp, C.E.B., Acta Bot. Standl. (1923); Exandra Standl. (1923); Flexan- Neerl. 3: 150-153. 1954; Delprete, P.G., Britto- thera Rusby (1927). nia 50: 318-323. 1998; Delprete, P.G. & M. Nee, Brittonia 49: 303-308. 1997; Kirkbride, J.H., Small to tall canopy trees; bark !ssured; Brittonia 49: 354-379. 1997; Peixoto, A.L., Arq. wood turning red when exposed to air. Raphi- Univ. Fed. Rural Rio de Janeiro 5: 115-128. des absent. Stipules interpetiolar, free at base, 1982; Steyermark, J.A. in B. Maguire & Coll., deltoid to narrowly triangular, sometimes New York Bot. Gard. 23: 299-309. 1972; Taylor, acuminate, persistent. Leaves opposite, short- C.M., Novon 9: 568-570. 1999. to long-petiolate; blades broadly elliptic to Distribution: Ranging from southern elliptic, oblong, narrowly oblong, broadly to Mexico, throughout Central America, Colom- narrowly obovate, pandurate or oblanceolate, bia, Bolivia, and Brazil: ca. 45 species; in MT chartaceous, subcoriaceous to thickly coria- and MS 2 species. ceous; domatia tufts of sparse or dense hairs, or absent. Inorescence terminal, paniculate, 60-1. Simira corumbensis (Standl.) frondose or not, densely or sparsely branched, Steyerm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 306. few- to many-owered. Flowers 4-6-merous, 1972. bisexual, protandrous; hypanthium globose, Syn. Sickingia corumbensis Standl. ovoid or turbinate; calyx cup-shaped or short tubular, lobed, caducous, lobes small, broadly 60-2. Simira hexandra (S. Moore) Stey- to narrowly triangular or ovate; corolla cam- erm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 307. 1972. Syn. Sickingia hexandra S. Moore. 60-3. Simira rubescens (Benth.) Bremek. Distribution: Ranging from Nicaragua, ex Steyerm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: throughout Central America, Colombia, Boli- 301. 1972. via and Brazil: ca. 19 species; in MT and MS 3 Syn.: Sprucea rubescens Benth.; Macrocne- species. mum tinctorium Roem. & Schult.; Macrocnemum tinctorium Kunth, nom. superfl . (later homon.); 61-1.1. Sipanea biflora (L. f.) Cham. & Condaminea tinctoria (Kunth) DC.; Sickingia Schltdl., Linnaea 4: 168. 1829. tinctoria (Kunth) K. Schum.; Sickingia japurensis Syn.: Virecta biflora L.f.; Sipanea radicans K. Schum.; Sickingia xanthostema K. Schum.; Si- Endl. mira erythroxylon (Willd.) Bremek. var. saxicola Steyerm. 61-2.2. Sipanea hispida Benth. ex Wer- nham, J. Bot. 55: 173. 1917. 61. SIPANEA Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: Syn.: Sipanea trianae Wernham; Sipanea 147. 1775. Type: S. pratensis Aubl. brasiliensis Wernham; Sipanea pratensis Aubl. Syn.: Virecta L. f. (1782), non Virecta Smith var. major Hassler, Sipanea hispida Benth. ex in A. Rees (1817), nom. super., (= Virectaria Bre- Wernham var. major (Hassler) Steyerm. mek.); Sipanea sect. Virecta (L.) Steyerm. (1967). 61-3. Sipanea veris S. Moore, Trans. Erect, trailing or decumbent herbs. Ra- Linn. Soc. 2, 4: 368. 1895. phides absent. Stipules interpetiolar, free at Syn.: Sipanea spraguei Wernham; Sipanea base, narrowly triangular, persistent. Leaves acinifolia Spruce ex Sprague opposite, sessile, subsessile to short-petiolate; blades ovate, oblong or elliptic to nar- Sipanea pratensis Aubl. rowly elliptic, chartaceous, papyraceous or Specimens of Sipanea hispida from MT subcoriaceous; domatia absent. Inorescence and MS have been identi!ed as “ Sipanea pra- 70 axillary or terminal, paniculate and sparsely tensis Aubl.”, but this species occurs only in branched, or cymose or corymbose, few- to northern South America, and is absent in many-owered, rarely 1-owered. Flowers 4- central Brazil. Sipanea hispida is easily distin- 5-merous, bisexual; hypanthium globose, gla- guished from S. pratensis by the corolla lobes brous or pubescent; calyx cup-shaped, persis- round at apex and hispid capsules (vs. corolla tent, lobes foliose, lanceolate or linear; corolla lobes commonly acute at apex and hirsute-stri- hypocrateriform, white, cream-white or pink, gose or hipidulous capsules in S. pratensis ). tube externally pubescent or hirsute, internally pubescent throughout, with a pubescent 62. SPERMACOCE L., Sp. Pl. 102. 1753. ring at ori!ce, lobes left-contorted, rounded, Type: S. tenuior L. margin entire, rounded at apex; stamens in- Syn.: Tardavel Adans. (1763); Chaenocar- cluded, !laments attached at the middle or pus Necker ex A. Juss. (1817), non Chaenocar- upper part of the corolla tube, short, glabrous, pus Spreng. (1831), nec Léveillé (1843); Borreria anthers linear, acute at base and at apex, dor- G. Mey. (1818), nom. cons .; Bigelovia Spreng. si!xed near the base; pollen 3-colporate, exine (1824), non J. E. Sm. (1819), nec Raf. (1817), nec reticulate; ovary 2-locular; placentation axile, DC. (1836); Octodon Thonning in Schumach. peltate on the basal portion of the septum, (1827); Hexasepalum Bartl. in DC. (1830); Dio- ovules many per locule, style included, !li - dia sect. Dasycephala DC. (1830); Tessiera DC. form, glabrous, style branches 2, long-linear. (1830); Jurgensia Raf. (1838); Pterostephus C. Fruit capsular, dehiscing basipetally from the Presl (1845); Diphragmus C. Presl (1845); Hy- apex, thinly woody to papyraceous; seeds as- podematium A. Rich. (1848.), nom. rej ., non O. cendingly imbricate, 3-5-angular or spherical Kunze (1833); Dasycephala (DC.) Hook. f. in to ellipsoidal. Benth. & Hook. f. (1873); Hemidiodia K. Schum. Literature: Steyermark, J.A., Mem. New in Mart. (1888); Paragophyton K. Schum. (1897); York Bot. Gard. 17: 261-282. 1967; Delprete, Spermacoceodes Kuntze (1898); Dichrospermum P.G. & J.A. Steyermark in J.A. Steyermark et Bremek. (1952); Arbulocarpus Tennant (1958); al., Fl. Venez. Guay. 8: 828-832. 2004. Spermacoce L. sec. Borreria (G. Mey.) Verdc. (1975); Borreria subg. Dasycephala (Hook. f.) Verdcourt, B. in R.M. Polhill, Flora of Trop. Bacigalupo & Cabral (1996). East Africa. Rubiaceae, Part I: 339-374. 1976; Govaerts, R., World Checklist of Seed Plants Erect, sprawling or decumbent, annu- 2 (1): 14-19. 1996; Nicolson, D.H., Smithsonian al or perennial herbs, or subshrubs (rarely Contr. Bot. 77: 196-198. 1991; Adams, D. in W. shrubs), sometimes aquatic. Raphides present. Burger & C.M. Taylor, Fl. Costar., Fieldiana, Stipules sheathing and connate to the petioles, Bot. n. s. 33: 313-320. 1993; Fosberg, R.F., M.- !mbriate, with 3-9 setae, each seta with an api - H. Sachet & R.L. Oliver, Smithsonian Contr. cal colleter, persistent, often withering on the Bot. 81: 117-121. 1993; Zappi, D.C. & L. Stan- stem (no abscission layer is formed). Leaves nard in B.L. Stannard, Flora of the Pico das opposite or ternate, often seeming whorled by Almas 575-577. 1995; Bacigalupo N.M. & E. the presence of reduced axillary short-shoots Cabral, Opera Bot. Belg. 7: 297-308. 1996; Ca- (brachyblasts), sessile, subsessile or short- bral, E. & N.M. Bacigalupo, Opera Bot. Belg. 7: petiolate; blades narrowly ovate, elliptic to 309-327. 1996; Cabral, E. & N.M. Bacigalupo, narrowly, oblong or linear, membranaceous, Darwiniana 37: 259-277. 1999; Dessein, S., Sys- chartaceous or papyraceous; domatia tufts of tematic studies in the Spermacoceae (Rubiace- sparse hairs or absent. Inorescence terminal ae), Doctoral Dissertation, 403 p. K.U. Leuven, and/or axillary, capitate, usually subtended 2003; Delprete, P.G. et al. in A. Reis, Fl. Ilustr. by leaf-like bracts. Flowers (3-)4-5(-6)-me- Catarinense RUBI (2): 702-776. 2005. rous, bisexual, protandrous, heterostylous; Distribution: Widely distributed in tro- hypanthium obovoid or turbinate; calyx tube pical and subtropical areas of America, Asia, extremely reduced, lobed, persistent, lobes Africa and Paci!c islands: ca. 300 species; in small, narrowly triangular or linear; corolla MT and MS 27 species narrowly to broadly infundibuliform, white, cream-white, bluish-white to pale blue, tube 62-1.1. Spermacoce capitata Ruiz & Pav., externally glabrous or puberulent, internally Fl. Peruv. 1: 61, tab. 91, !g. b. 1798. 71 glabrous, puberulent or pubescent at medial Syn.: Borreria capitata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.; or distal portion, with moniliform hairs, lobes Spermacoce ferruginea A. St.-Hil.; Borreria fer- valvate, narrowly ovate, narrowly triangular ruginea (A. St.-Hil.) DC.; Borreria elongata DC.; or oblong, margin entire, acute at apex; sta- Borreria lutescens DC.; Borreria spherica DC.; mens included, partially exserted or exserted Borreria suaveolens auct., non G. F. W. Meyer just beyond the corolla, !laments attached (1818); Spermacoce orinocensis Roem. & Schult.; medial or distal portion, near the mouth of the Spermacoce aturensis Kunth; Borreria kapple- corolla tube or at lobes sinuses, short or long, riana Miq.; Borreria nectarifera Rusby; Borreria anthers elliptic, narrowly elliptic or oblong, capitata var. capitata f. ferruginea (A. St.-Hil.) round at base and at apex, dorsi!xed near Steyerm.; Borreria capitata var. capitata f. glabra the base, glabrous; pollen 3-many-colporate, Steyerm. exine perforate, or echinate-foveolate, or echinate-perforate, or echinate-reticulate; ovary 62-2.2. Spermacoce dasycephala (Cham. 2-locular, placenta reduced, ovules centrally & Schltdl.) Delprete in A. Reis, Fl. Ilustr. Cata- inserted, erect, 1 per locule, style included, rinense RUBI (2): 719. 2005. partially exserted or exserted just beyond the Syn.: Diodia dasycephala Cham. & Schl- corolla, glabrous, style branches 2, ovate or tdl., Spermacoce repens Willd. ex Cham. && oblong. Fruit capsular, dehiscing septicidal Schltdl., non Sessé & Moc. (1893), nec Larrana- from the apex, with both cocci dehiscent or ga (1923), nec (DC) F. R. Fosberg & D. Powell one dehiscent and the other indehiscent, char- (1980); Borreria advena Fisch. & Meyer; Borreria taceous or crustaceous; seeds vertical, plano- dasycephala (Cham. & Schltdl.) Bacigalupo & convex, ventrally sulcate, ovate in outline. E. L. Cabral. Literature: Steyermark, J.A. in B. Ma- guire & Coll., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 62-3. Spermacoce eryngioides (Cham. 805-831. 1972; Gillis, W.T., Phytologia 29: 185- & Schltdl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123. 187. 1974; Verdcourt, B., Kew Bull. 366. 1975; 1898. Syn.: Borreria eryngioides Cham. & Schlt- 62-11. Spermacoce neohispida Gova- dl.; Borreria diffusa DC.; Spermacoce diffusa DC., erts, World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2: 18. 1996. non Kunth (1818);818); Borreria affinis DC.; Sper- Syn.: Borreria hispida Spuce ex K. macoce affinis DC.; Bigelovia (as “ Bigelowia ”) Schum. eryngioides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Hook. f. & Arn.; Borreria tenera auct., non DC. nec Chodat & 62-12.12. Spermacoce ocymifolia Willd. Hassler. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 530. 1818. Syn.: Borreria virgata Cham. & Schltdl.; 62-4. Spermacoce glabra Rich. in Mi- Spermacoce portoricensis Balb. in DC.; Hemidio- chx., Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 82. 1803. dia ocymifolia (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) K. Syn.: Spermacoceodes glabrum (Rich.) Schum.; Spermacoce coerulea Pohl in DC.; Bor- Kuntze. reria asperula DC.; Diodia ocymifolia (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Bremek.; Borreria ocymifolia 62-5. Spermacoce gracillima (DC.) (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Bacigalupo & E. Delprete, comb. nov. L. Cabral. Syn.: Borreria gracillima DC., Prodr. 4: 559. 1830. Type: BRAZIL: Without locality, 62-13.13. Spermacoce ovalifolia (Martens && Pohl 1242 (holotype, G-DC; isotype, F). Gal.)) Hemsl., Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 59. 1881. Syn.: Borreria ovalifolia Mart. & Gal.; Sper- 62-6. Spermacoce laevis Lam., Illustr. macoce pringlei S. Watson; Spermacoce ernstii R. 1: 273, tab. 94, !g. 2. 1791. Fosberg & D. Powell. Syn.: laevis (Lam.) Griseb.; Spermacoce Many specimens of this species have capitellatatellata Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.; Sper- been identi!ed as “ Borreria ocymoides (Burm.) macoce guianensis Bremek.; Borreria capitellata DC.” but, in agreement with Adams (1993), (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Cham. & Schltdl.; this is an Asiatic taxon. Borreria hebecarpa DC.; Borreria trichantha Miq.; 72 Borreria herbert-smithii Rusby; Tardavel laevis 62-14. Spermacoce perangusta (S. Mo- (Lam.) Standl. ore) Delprete, comb. nov. Syn.: Borreria perangusta S. Moore, J. Bot. 62-7. Spermacoce lagurus (S. Moore) 42: 100. 1904. Type: Brazil: Mato Grosso, Porto Govaerts, World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2: 16. 1996. Murtinho, A. Roberts 884 (holotype, BM). Syn.: Borreriaeria lagurus S. Moore. 62-15.15. Spermacoce palustris (Cham. & 62-8. Spermacoce latifolia Aubl., Hist. Schltdl.) Delprete in A. Reis, Fl. Ilustr. Catari- Pl. Guiane 55. 1775. nense RUBI (2): 740. 2005. Syn.: Borreria latifolia (Aubl.) K. Schum.; Syn.: Diodia palustris Cham. & Schltdl.; Borreria sideritis Cham. & Schltdl.; Borreria Diodia alata Nees & Mart., non (Aubl.) DC.; scabrida DC.; Borreria platyphylla DC.; Borreria non Spermacoce alata Aubl.; Dasycephala ala- latifolia var. scabrida (DC.) K. Schum.; Tardavel ta (Nees & Mart.) Hook. f.; Borreria palustris latifolia (Aubl.) Standl.; Borreria latifolia f. scab- (Cham. & Schltdl.) Bacigalupo & E. L. Cabral. rida (DC.) Steyerm. 62-16. Spermacoce poaya A. St. Hil., Pl. Usuelles Bras., tab 12.2. 1824. 62-9. Spermacoce linearis Willd. ex Syn.: Borreria poaya (A. St. Hil.) DC.; Sper- Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 530. 1818. macoce gentianoides St.-Hil.; Borreria asclepiadea Syn.: Diodia hyssopifolia (Roem. & Schult.) Cham. & Schltdl.; Borreria flavescens DC.; Borre- Cham. & Schltdl.; Spermacoce hyssopifolia Willd. ria nervosa DC.; Chlorophytum nervosum Pohl ex ex Roem. & Schult., nom. illeg .; Borreria hysso- DC.; Borreria pratensis DC.; Chlorophytum praten- pifolia (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Bacigalupo se Pohl ex DC.; Spermacoce latifolia Pohl ex DC., & E. L. Cabral. nomen ., non Aubl.; Borreria aspera Mart. & Gal.

62-10. Spermacoce mitreoloides (Stan- 62-17. Spermacoce quadrifaria dl.) Govaerts, World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2: 17. 1996. (E.L.Cabral) Govaerts, World Checklist Seed Syn.: Borreria mitreoloides Standl. Pl. 2: 18. 1996. Syn.: Borreria quadrifaria E.L.Cabral coce suaveolens (G. Mey.) Kuntze var. tenella (Kunth) Kuntze; Tardavel tenella (Kunth) Stan- 62-18.18. Spermacoce runkii (K. Schum.) dl.; Borreria suaveolens G. Mey. var. linoides (K. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 3: 123. 1898. Schum.) Standl., var. platyphylla (K. Schum.) Syn.: Borreria runkii K. Schum. Standl.; Borreria capitata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. var. tenella (Kunth) Steyerm. 62-19. Spermacoce scabiosoides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 3: 62-25. Spermacoce tenuis Pohl ex DC., 123. 1898. in syn ., Prodr. 4: 543. 1830. Syn.: Borreria scabiosoides Cham. & Schltdl. Syn.: Borreria tenuis DC.; non Spermacoce tenuis Sessé & Moç. (1893); Spermacoce tenuis 62-20. Spermacoce schumanniana (DC.) Kuntze, comb. superfl . (Taub. ex Ule) Govaerts, World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2: 18. 1996. 62-26.26. Spermacoce verticillata L., Sp. Syn.: Borreria schumanniana Taub. ex Ule Pl. 102. 1753. in Cruls. Syn.: Borreria verticillata (L.) G. Mey.; non Spermacoce verticillata sensu Vell. (1825; 62-21.21. Spermacoce schumannii (Stan- = Spermacoce tenella Kunth); Borreria stricta G. dl. ex Bacigalupo) Delprete in A. Reis, Fl. Ilus- Mey.; Borreria stellata Roem. & Schult.; Sperma- tr. Catarinense RUBI (2): 754. 2005. coce mucronata Nees; Spermacoce reclinata Nees; Syn.: Diodia schumannii Standl. ex Baci- Borreria commutata Spreng.; Bigelowia commu- galupo; Diodia gymnocephala K. Schum., nomen tata Spreng.; Bigelowia verticillata (L.) Spreng.; confusum ; non Borreria gymnocephala DC.; non Spermacoce globosa Schumac. & Tonn. non Pohl; Borreria schumanniana Taub. ex Ule; non Sper- Borreria kohautiana Cham. & Schltdl.; Borreria macoce schumanniana (Taub. ex Ule) Govaerts; globularioides Cham. & Schltdl.; Borreria podo- Borreria flavovirens Bacigalupo & E. L. Cabral. cephala DC.; Borreria minima DC.; Borreria gra- 73 62-22. Spermacoce simplicicaulis (K. minifolia M. Martens & Galeotti; Borreria oaxa- Schum. ex Sucre) Govaerts, World Checkl. na M. Martens & Galeotti; Borreria haenkeana Seed Pl. 2: 19. 1996. M. Martens & Galeotti; Borreria thymocephala Syn.: Borreria simplicicaulis K. Schum. ex Griseb.; Borreria oligodonta Steyerm. Sucre 62-27.27. Spermacoce vulpina (Standl.) 62-23. Spermacoce suaveolens (G. Govaerts, World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2: 19. 1996. Mey.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 3: 124. 1898. Syn.: Borreria vulpina Standl. Syn.: Borreria suaveolens G. Mey.; Sper- macoce linoides Pohl ex DC.; Borreria tenella K. 63. SPHINCTANTHUS Benth., J. Bot. Schum. var. suaveolens (G. Mey.) K. Schum.; (Hooker) 3: 212. 1841. Type: S. rupestris Benth. Spermacoce suaveolens f. glabra Kuntze; Sper- Syn.: Conosiphon Poepp. in Poepp. & macoce suaveolens f. pubescens Kuntze; Borreria Endl. (1841). suaveolens var. linoides (DC.) Standl.; Borre- ria capitata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. var. suaveolens Shrubs or small trees. Raphides absent. (Meyer) Steyerm. Stipules interpetiolar, connate at base, broadly triangular to deltoid, persistent. Leaves oppo- 62-24.24. Spermacoce tenella Kunth in site, subsessile or short to long-petiolate; bla- Humb. & Bonpl., Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 345. 1819. des ovate, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, obovate Syn.: Spermacoce brasiliensis Spreng.; Bor- or oblanceolate, chartaceous or papyraceous; reria tenella (Kunth) Cham. & Schltdl.; Borreria domatia absent. Inorescence terminal or on tenella (Kunth) Cham. & Schltdl. var. angusti- axillary short shoots of 3-5 nodes, cymose, 1- folia DC.; Borreria linoides DC.; Borreria tenella few-owered. Flowers 5-6-merous, bisexual, var. genuina K. Schum., var. linoides (DC.) K. protandrous; hypanthium obconical, oblate Schum., var. platyphylla K. Schum.; Sperma- or turbinate; calyx tube extremely reduced or cup-shaped, lobed, persistent, lobes small, viduals). Calyx cup-shaped, truncate or with broadly to narrowly triangular, corolla hypo- undulate margin, persistent. Corolla campa- crateriform, sometimes with a constriction be- nulate, actinomorphic, white to cream-white; low stamens attachments, white, cream-white tube externally glabrous or puberulent, inter- to yellowish-white, turning yellow at later sta- nally puberulent, pubescent or hirsute; lobes ges of anthesis, tube externally puberulent, in- 5, left-contorted, ovate, acute at apex. Stamens ternally glabrous or puberulent, with a pubes- partially exserted; anthers narrowly elliptic cent ring at base, lobes left-contorted, narrowly or narrowly oblong, round at base, acute at ovate, narrowly triangular or oblong, margin apex, dorsi!xed near the base; !laments atta - entire, acute at apex; stamens exserted, !la - ched near the mouth of the corolla tube, short, ments attached near the mouth of the corolla glabrous. Pollen 3-colporate, exine reticulate. tube, very short, anthers subsessile, narrowly Style exserted just beyond the corolla, clavate, elliptic or oblong, round at apex, dorsi!xed glabrous; lobes absent, stigmatic surface loca- near the base; pollen 3-porate, exine reticulate; ted at style apex. Ovary 4- or 5-locular, tur- ovary 2-locular, placentation axile, peltate to binate, ovules many per locule. Fruit a berry, the entire length of the septum, ovules many thinly woody outside. Seeds horizontal, em- per locule, style exserted just beyond the co- bedded in a gelatinous pulp, large, dorsoven- rolla, eshy, clavate, glabrous, lobes absent, trally compressed, ovate to obovate or roun- stigmatic surface located at style apex. Fruit ded in outline. Literature: Steyermark, J.A. in B. Ma- baccate, thinly woody, round to oblate, with guire & Coll., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: a gelatinous pulp; seeds horizontal, dorsoven- 219-222. 1965; Kirkbride, J. H., Rev. Bras. Bot. trally compressed, ovate, obovate or rounded 6: 109-114. 1983; Steyermark J.A. & C. Persson in outline. in J.A. Steyermark et al., Fl. Venez. Guay. 8: Literature: Steyermark, J.A. in B. Magui- 837-839. 2004; re & Coll., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 322- Distribution: Ranging from Central 74 325. 1972. America to central Brazil; ca. 10 species; in MT Distribution: Ranging from Colombia to and MS 1 species. Venezuela, Peru and Brazil: ca. 7 species; in MT and MS 2 species that might be synonymous. 64-1. Stachyarrhena spicata Hook. f., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 11: 54, tab. 1068. 1870. 63-1. Sphinctanthus hasslerianus Cho- Syn.: Schradera spicata Spruce ex Hook. f., dat, Bull. Herb. Boissier, ser. 2, 4: 170. 1904. nom. num. pro syn .; Stachyarrhena spicata Hook. f. var. multinervis K. Schum. 63-2. Sphinctanthus microphyllus K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 354. 1889. 65. STAELIA Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 364, tab. 3, !g. 3. 1828. Type: S. thymoides 64. STACHYARRHENA Hook. f., Cham. & Schltdl. Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 11: 54. 1870. Type: S. spicata Erect, annual or perennial herbs or Hook. f. subshrubs; raphides present. Stipules shea- Shrubs or small to medium-sized trees; thing, !mbriate, with 3–9 setae, each seta with dioecious. Raphides absent. Stipules inter- an apical colleter, persistent. Leaves opposite, petiolar, connate at base, truncate, broadly often seeming whorled by the presence of re- triangular or broadly ovate, persistent or duced axillary brachyblasts with fasciculate subcaducous. Leaves opposite; short- to long- leaves, sessile to short-petiolate; blades narro- petiolate; blades ovate, narrowly elliptic, wly ovate, narrowly elliptic, elliptic, obovate elliptic, narrowly obovate, obovate, oblong, or rhombic; chartaceous, papyraceous to thin- oblanceolate to lanceolate, stify chartaceous, ly coriaceous; domatia sparse or dense tufts papyraceous to subcoriaceous; domatia ab- of hairs or absent. Inorescence axillary and sent. Inorescence terminal, male inorescen - terminal, capitate or fasciculate, subtended by ce spicate or thyrsoid, female inorescence bracts. Flowers bisexual, protandrous. Calyx uniorous. Flowers functionally unisexual extremely reduced, persistent; lobes 2, narro- (male and female o wers on separate indi- wly triangular or linear. Corolla actinomorphic, white to cream-white; tube externally puberulent, internally glabrous and with a 66. TOCOYENA Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane pubescent ring at base inside; lobes 4, valva- 1: 131, t. 50. 1775. Type: T. longiflora Aubl. te, ovate, acute at apex. Stamens included or Syn.: Ucriana Willd. (1797), non Ucriana partially exserted; anthers elliptic or narrowly sensu Spreng., nom. conf. (= Augusta Pohl; cf. elliptic, round at base and at apex, dorsi!xedsi!xed Rehder, 1935; Delprete, 1997); Gardenia sensu near the base; !laments attached near the Vell. (1831), pro parte (incl. Gardenia ferrea = mouth of the corolla tube, glabrous. Pollen Melanopsidium Colla; cf. Delprete, 2000). 7- to multi-aperturate, exine !nely reticulate. Style exserted just beyond the corolla or par- Shrubs or small to tall canopy trees. Ra- tially exserted, glabrous; lobes 2, ovate. Ovary phides absent. Stipules interpetiolar, connate 2-locular, turbinate; ovules centrally inserted, at base, deltoid to narrowly triangular, subca- 1 per locule. Fruit capsular, circumscissile, ducous. Leaves opposite, short- to long-petio- dehiscing transversally, releasing the apical portion in two units with one persistent calyx late; blades ovate, elliptic, obovate, oblong or lobe, the basal portion remaining attached to lanceolate, chartaceous, papyraceous, subco- the peduncle, crustaceous to thinly woody. riaceous to thickly coriaceous; domatia tufts Seeds vertical, minute, dorsoventrally convex, of sparse or dense hairs or absent. Inores - ventrally sulcate. cence terminal, cymose or corymbose, few- to Literature: K. Schumann in Martius, Fl. many-owered. Flowers 5-6-merous, bisexu - Bras. 6(6): 71-78. 1888; Bacigalupo in Burkart, al, protandrous; hypanthium obovoid or obla- Fl. Il. Entre Rios 6(6): 30-32. 1974; E. B. de Sou- te; calyx cup-shaped, lobed, persistent, lobes za, Estudos Taxonômicos dos gêneros Staelia small, broadly to narrowly triangular; corolla Cham. & Schltdl. e Mitracarpus Zucc. ex Roem. hypocrateriform, white to cream-white, tube & Schult. (Spermacoceae-Rubiaceae)ceae-Rubiaceae) no Esta- externally glabrous or puberulent, internally do de Pernambuco, Dissert. Mestrado, Univ. glabrous, puberulent or pubescent, without Fed. Rur. Pernambuco. 1997; Souza, E. B. & a pubescent ring, lobes left-contorted, nar- 75 M.F. Sales, Acta Bot. Bras. 18: 919-926. 2004; rowly ovate, narrowly triangular, lanceolate Delprete, P.G. et al. in A. Reis, Fl. Ilustr. Ca- or oblong, margin entire, truncate, rounded tarinense RUBI (2): 777-781. 2005. or acute at apex; stamens partially exserted, Distribution: Restricted to South Ameri- !laments attached near the mouth of the co - ca; 12-14 species, and 10 of them occurring in rolla tube, short, glabrous, anthers narrowly Brazil; in MT and MS 5 species. elliptic, oblong or narrowly oblong, round at base and at apex, dorsi!xed near the base; 65-1. Staelia lanigera (DC.) K. Schum., pollen 3-porate, exine reticulate; ovary 2-locu- Fl. Bras. 6(6): 73. 1889. lar, placentation axile, placenta peltate to the Syn.: Tessiera lanigera DC. entire length of the septum, ovules many per locule, style partially exserted or exserted just 65-2.2. Staelia reflexa DC., Prodr. 4: 573. beyond the corolla, glabrous, or pubescent at 1830. distal portion, style branches 2, ovate or elliptic. Fruit baccate, leathery, globose to ovoid, 65-3.3. Staelia thymoides Cham. & Schl- with eshy pulp; seeds many, horizontal, dor - tdl., Linnaea 3: 364. 1828. soventrally compressed, ovate to obovate in outline. 65-4.4. Staelia vestita K. Schum., Fl. Bras. Literature: K. Schumann in Martius, Fl. 6(6): 78. 1889. Bras. 6(6): 344-350. 1889; Prado, A. L., Revisão taxonômica do gênero Tocoyena Aubl. (Rubia- 65-5.5. Staelia virgata (Link ex Roem. & ceae) no Brasil, Master Dissertation, Univ. Est. Schult.) K. Schum., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 76. 1889.9. Campinas, 1987; Silberbauer-Gottsberger, I. et Syn.: Spermacoce virgata Link ex Roem. & al., Pl. Syst. Evol. 181: 143-169. 1992. Schult.; Mitracarpus virgatus (Link ex Roem. & Distribution: Ranging from Costa Rica Schult.) Cham. & Schltdl. to southern Brazil: ca. 20 species; in MT and MS 4 species. ly ovate or oblong, margin entire, rounded 66-1.1. Tocoyena brasiliensis Mart., Flo- at apex; stamens partially exserted, !laments ra 24, suppl. 2: 82.. 1841. attached near the mouth of the corolla tube, short, anthers elongate, with pointed extension 66-2. Tocoyena foetida Poepp. & Endl., at base, with acute extensions at apex, dorsi- Nov. Gen. 3, tab. 29. 1841. !xed near the base; pollen 3-colporate, exine Syn.: Tocoyena acutiflora Mart. striato-reticulate; ovary 2-locular, placentation axile, peltate to the entire length of the septum, 66-3.3. Tocoyena formosa (Cham. & ovules many per locule, style exserted well be- Schltdl.) K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 347, yond the corolla, glabrous, capitate (lobes ab- tab. 142. 1889. sent), stigmatic surface located at style apex. Syn: Gardenia formosa Cham. & Schltdl. Fruit capsular, dehiscing septicidally from the apex, thinly woody; seeds many, ascendingly 66-4.4. Tocoyena guianensis K. Schum. imbricate, laterally compressed, membrana- in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 346. 1889. ceous, irregularly narrowly oblong to fusiform Syn: Tocoyena guianensis K. Schum. var. in outline, wings bipolar, margin entire. communis Steyerm.; Tocoyena guianensis K. Literature: Steyermark, J.A. in T. Lasser Schum. var. glabriuscula Steyerm.; & J.A. Steyermark, Fl. Venez. 9(1): 32-39. 1974; Andersson, L. in G. Harling & L. Andersson, 67. UNCARIA Schreber, nom. cons ., Gen. Fl. Ecuador 50: 106-109. 1994; Taylor, C.M. & 125. 1789. Type: U. guianensis (Aubl.) Gmel. J.A. Steyermark in J.A. Steyermark et al., Fl. Syn.: Non Uncaria Burch. (1822, Peda- Venez. Guay. 8: 844-845. 2004. liaceae);ae); Ourouparia Aubl. (1775), nom. rej .; Distribution: Tropical Africa and Ame- Restiaria Loureiro (1790), non Kuntze (1891); rica, ca. 34 species; in the Neotropics 2 species, Agylophora Necker ex Raf. (1820). ranging from Guatemala throughout Central 76 America, the Greater and Lesser Antilles, to Woody vines to large lianas, sometimes Colombia through Bolivia and Brazil; in MT shrubs with scandent or sarmentose lateral and MS 1 species. branches. Raphides absent. Thorns axillary, strongly curved, cat claw-shaped, or lightly 67-1.1. Uncaria guianensis (Aubl.) Gmel., curved. Stipules interpetiolar, free at base; del- Syst. Nat. 2: 370. 1791. toid, obovate or cordate; persistent, or subca- Syn.: Ourouparia guianensis Aubl.; Unca- ducous. Leaves opposite, short- to long-peti- ria aculeata Willd. in Usteri (based on Ouroupa- olate; blades ovate, elliptic, obovate or oblong, ria guianensis ); Uncaria spinosa Raeusch. papyraceous, subcoriaceous to coriaceous; domatia tufts of sparse hairs, hairy-pockets 68. WARSZEWICZIA Klotzsch., Flo- or tuft-pits, or absent. Inorescence termi - ra 36: 716. 1853. Lectotype: W. coccinea (Vahl) nal, paniculate, with branches terminating in Klotzsch ( Macrocnemum coccineum Vahl; cf. globose few- to many-owered heads, some - Pfeiffer, 1874). times at the top of lateral thorns. Flowers 4-5(- Syn.: Warscewiczia Steyerm., orth. var . 6)-merous, bisexual or functionally unisexual (staminate and pistillate owers in separate Shrubs, or small to medium-sized trees; individuals), protandrous; hypanthium ovoid; bark !ssured; wood white. Raphides absent. calyx funnel-shaped or short tubular, persist- Stipules interpetiolar, free or connate at base, ent, lobes small, broadly to narrowly ovate; co- narrowly triangular, subcaducous. Leaves op- rolla hypocrateriform, white to cream-white, posite, short- to long-petiolate; blades broadly or yellow when young and turning red in ovate to ovate, elliptic or obovate, chartaceous later stages, tube externally retrorsely puberu- or papyraceous; domatia tufts of sparse hairs lous, villous or sericeous, internally glabrous or absent. Inorescence terminal, paniculate- or sericeous, without a pubescent ring, lobes spiciform or thyrsoid to long-thyrsoid, with narrowly imbricate, rounded, ovate, narrow- short, fasciculate or corymbose lateral branches. Flowers 5-merous, bisexual, protogy- nous; hypanthium obovoid or turbinate; calyx ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS tube extremely reduced, lobed, persistent, lobes minute, ovate or narrowly triangular, This work was completed during a calycophylls 1 lobe per ower present in 1- fellowship for Visiting Scientist to PD from 2 owers each inorescence fascicles, red to the National Counsel of Technological and deep red (absent, or white, cream-white to gre- Scienti!c Development (Conselho Nacional enish-white species expected to occur in Ama- de Desenvolvimento Cientí!co e Tecnológico zonian MT); corolla narrowly campanulate or - CNPq) of the Brazilian Government (grant broadly infundibuliform, greenish-yellow to 309885/2003-5), at the Federal University of yellow (white in species expected to occur in Goiás (UFG). Our sincere gratitude goes to Amazonian MT), tube externally glabrous or Vera Lúcia Gomes-Klein, UFG professor, for puberulent, internally pubescent throughout the coordination of the general project, and or villous, without a pubescent ring, lobes to Walmirton Thadeu D’Alessandro, Direc- narrowly imbricate, ovate or rounded, margin tor of the Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB) entire, rounded at apex; stamens exserted well of the UFG, and to colleagues of the ICB for beyond the corolla, !laments attached near the support and the pleasant professional en- the mouth of the corolla tube, long, equal, gla- vironment. The directors and curators of the brous or pubescent at basal portion (glabrous following herbaria are kindly acknowledged above), anthers button-shaped or elliptic, for loan of material and/or for providing round at base and at apex, dorsi!xed near the working space during the visits of the senior base; pollen 3-colporate, exine reticulate; ova- author: BM, CPAP, G, IBGE, K, MBM, MO, ry 2-locular, placentation axile, peltate to the NY, R, RB, U, UB, UFG, UFMT, and US. We entire length of the septum, ovules many per also wish to thank Claes Persson, Cristina Bes- locule, style exserted well beyond the corolla, tetti, and one anonymous reviewer for valua- !liform, glabrous or antrorse-pubescent, sty - ble comments and corrections that much im- 77 le branches 2, ovate or oblong. Fruit capsular, proved this work. dehiscing septicidally from apex, thinly woody; seeds horizontal, minute, dorsoventrally REFERENCES compressed, irregularly elliptic in outline, wings concentric and with fringed margin. Achille, F., T. Motley, P. P. Lowry II & J. Jé- Literature: S. C. S. Pantoja, Revisão taxinô- remie . 2006. Polyphyly in Guettarda L. mica do gênero Warscewiczia Klotzsch (Rubiace- (Rubiaceae, Guettadeae) based on ITS ae, Rondeletieae). Master Dissertation, Univ. sequence data. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. Fed. Rio de Janeiro/Museu Nacional. 1994; Tay- 93: 106-124. lor, C.M. & J.A. Steyermark in J.A. Steyermark et al., Fl. Venez. Guay. 8: 846-847. 2004. Adams, D. 1993. Spermacoce . In: Burger, W. & Distribution: Ranging from Guatema- C. M. Taylor. 1993. Rubiaceae. In: W. Bur- la to Colombia, Bolivia and Brazil: about 4-7 ger (ed.), Flora Costaricensis. Fieldiana, species; in MT and MS 1 species. Bot. n. s. 33: 313-320.

68-1. Warszewiczia coccinea (Vahl) Bridson, D. & B. Verdcourt . 1988. Coffea . In: Klotzsch, Monatsb. Akad. Berl. 1853: 496. R.M. Polhill (Ed.), Flora of Tropical East 1853. Africa, Rubiaceae (Part 2): 703-723. A.A. Syn.: Macrocnemum coccineum Vahl; Mussa- Balkema, Rotterdam. enda coccinea (Vahl) Poir. in Lam.; Calycophyllum Castelnau, F. de. 1850-1855. Expédition dans coccineum (Vahl) DC.; Warszewiczia schombugkia- les parties centralesles de l’Amérique du na Klotzsch; Warszewiczia pulcherrima Klotzsch; Sud, de Rio de Janeiro à Lima, et de Warszewiczia poeppigiana Klotzsch; Warszewiczia splendens Wedd.; Warszewiczia maynensis Wedd.; Lima au Para: exécuté par ordre du gou- Warszewiczia macrophylla Wedd. vernement Français pendant les années 1843 à 1847. P. Bertrand, Paris. Castro, A. A. J. F., F. R. Martins, J. Y. Tamashi- denação E. Gaspari & L. M. Schwarcz. ro & G. J. Shepherd. 1992. A Riqueza Companhia das Letras, São Paulo, SP, orística dos Cerrados brasileiros: con - Brasil. siderações sobre o conhecimento da sua ora arbustivo-arbórea magnoliofítica. Dubs, B. 1992. Birds of Southwestern Brazil. In: XVI Reunião Nordestina de Botânica. Betrona, Küsnacht, Switzerland. Resumos, p. 41. Universidade Regional Dubs, B . 1998. Prodromus Florae Matogros- do Cariri, Crato, CE, Brasil. sensis - Part I. Checklist of Angiosperms, Castro, A. A. J. F., F. R. Martins & G. J. She- Part II. Types from Mato Grosso. The pherd. 1995. Comparação orístico-geo - Botany of Mato Grosso. Series B, N. 3. grá!ca (Brasil) de amostras de Cerrado. Betrona-Verlag, Küsnacht, Switzerland. In: XLVI Congresso Nacional de Botâ- Falcão, E. C . 1970. Alexandre Rodrigues Fer- nica. Resumos, p. 125. USP/Sociedade reira e a sua “viagem !loso!ca” as ca - Botânica do Brasil, Ribeirão Preto, São pitanias do Grao-Para, Rio Negro, Mato Paulo, Brasil. Grosso e Cuiaba (1783-1792). Rev. Med. Costa, R. B. (Org.). 2003. Fragmentação ores-ores - Paulista N. 76. tal e alternativas de desenvolvimento Ferreira, A. R. 1970. Viagem !loso!ca as Ca - rural na Região Centro-Oeste. Editora pitanias do Grao-Para, Rio Negro, Mato UCDB/ Midiograf Grá!ca e Editora, Grosso e Cuiaba. 2 vols. Edgard de Cer- Londrina, PR, Brasil. queira Falcão, São Paulo (reimpr. em Delprete, P. G. (Coordinator). Rubiaceae, Part “As Memoria Antropologica” Rio de I: Introduction, Key to Genera, and Gen- Janeiro, 1974). era from A to L. In: M. J. Jansen-Jacobs Ferreira, A. R. 1975. Roteiro das viagens, que 78 (Ed.), Flora of the Guianas (submitted). fez pelas capitanias do Para, Rio Negro, Delprete, P. G., L. B. Smith & R. B. Klein. Mato Grosso e Cuyaba (1792). In: Thekla 2004. Rubiáceas, Volume 1 - Gêneros A- Hartmann (Ed.), A contribuicão da ico- G: 1. Alseis atéé 19. Galium . (com observa- nogra!a para o conhecimento de indios ções ecologicas por R. Klein, A. Reis & barsileiros do século XIX. São Paulo. O. Iza). In: A. Reis (Ed.), Flora Ilustrada Hoehne, F. C. 1914. Botanica. Relatorio apre- Catarinense, I Parte, Monogra!a RUBI, sentado ao Snr. Coronel de Engenharia pp. 1-344. Herbário Barbosa Rodrigues, Candido Marianno da Silva Rondon, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Chefe da Commissão Brasileira, por F. Delprete, P. G., L. B. Smith & R. B. Klein. 2005. C. Hoehne, botanico da Expedição. Rio Rubiáceas, Volume 2 - Gêneros G-Z: 20. de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Gardenia até 46. Tocoyena (com observa- Hoehne, F. C. 1923. Phytophysionomia do Es- ções ecologicas por R. Klein, A. Reis & O. tado de Matto-Grosso e ligeiras notas a Iza). In: A. Reis (Ed.), Flora Ilustrada Ca- respeito da composição e distribuição tarinense, I Parte, Monogra!a RUBI, pp. da sua ora. Companhia Melhoramen - 345-843. Herbário Barbosa Rodrigues, tos de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Hoehne, F. C. 1951. Indice bibliográ!co e nu - Diacon, T. A. 2004. Stringing together a na- mérico das plantas colhidas pela Comis- tion - Cândido Mariano da Silva Rondon são Rondon ou Comissão de Linhas Te- and the construction of a modern Bra- legrá!cas, Estratégicas de Mato-Grosso zil, 1906-1930. Duke University Press, ao Amazonas, de 1908 até 1923; pelos Durham, NC, USA. botânicos: F.C. Hoehne e J.G. Kuhlmann Diacon, T. A. 2006. Rondon: o marechal da e outros. Instituto de Botânica, São Pau- oresta. Tradução L. T. Motta. Coor - lo, SP, Brasil. IBGE, 2006. Instituto Brasileiro de Geogra!a Swarts, F. A. (Ed.). 2000. The Pantanal of e Estatistica. http://www.ibge.gov.br/ Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay - Selected (accessed on 21 April 2006). Discourses on the World’s Largest Re- maining Wetland System. Hudson Ma- Mendonça, R. C., J. M. Felli, B. M. T. Wal - cArthur Publishers, Waterland Research ter, M. C. S. Junior, A. V. Rezende, T. S. Institute, Gouldsboro, PA, U.S.A. Filgueiras, & P. E. Nogueira . 1998. Flora vascular do cerrado. In: S. M. Sano & S. Taylor, C. M., J. A. Steyermark, P. G. Del- P. de Almeida (Eds.), Cerrado, Ambi- prete, A. Vicentini, R. Cortés, D. Zappi, ente e Flora. EMBRAPA, Planaltina, DF, C. B. Costa & E. A. Araujo. 2004. Rubia- Brasil. ceae. In: J. A. Steyermark, P. E. Berry, K. Moore, S. L. M. 1895. The Phanerogamic Bo- Yatskievych & B. K. Holst, Flora of the tany of the Matto Grosso Expedition, Venezuelan Guayana, vol. 8, pp. 497- 1891-92. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 848. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, 4: 265-516, pl. 21-39. St. Louis, MO, U.S.A. Por, F. D. 1995. The Pantanal of Mato Grosso Ule, E. 1894. Annexo VI. Relatório do Dr. Er- (Brazil): World’s Largest Wetlands. Mo- nesto Ule, Botanico da Comissão. In: nographie Biologicae, Vol. 73. Kluwer L.F. Cruls, Comissão Exploradora do Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Planalto Central do Brasil,sil, Relatório. p. 329-343. H. Lombaerts & C. Rio de Ja- Pott, A. & V. J. Pott. 1994. Plantas do Pantanal. neiro, RJ, Brasil. EMBRAPA-SPI. Corumbá, MS, Brasil. Pott, V. J. & A. Pott. 2000. Plantas aquáticas do Pantanal. EMBRAPA-SPI. Brasília, DF, APPENDIX 1. NOMENCLATURAL LIST Brazil. Notes RGB Edinb. 45: 503-525. Considering the large number of sy- 79 Prance, G. T. & G. P. Schaller. 1982. Prelimi- nonyms included in the present work, a list nary study on some vegetation types of of accepted taxa ( bold face ) and synonyms, the Pantanal, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Brit- as recognized by the authors is presented be- tonia 34: 228-251. low. Synonyms, and invalid names ( italics ) are Ratter, J. A., A. Pott, V. J. Pott, C. da Cunha, followed by the numbers that correspond to & M. Haridasan. 1989. Observations on the accepted taxon, according the numeration woody vegetation types in the Pantanal given in the text [e.g., Chiococca anguifuga Mart. and at Corumbá, Brasil. Notes Roy. Bot. (9-1) = Chiococca alba ; Lipostoma D. Don (11) = Gard. Edinburg 45: 503-525. Coccocypselum ]. Silva, D. G. B. da (Org.). 1997. Os Diários de Acrodryon Spreng. (8) Langsdorff, Vol.2 (São Paulo, de 1825 a 22 Agylophora Necker ex Raf. (67) de novembro de 1826). 333 p. Associação Alibertia A. Rich. in DC. (1)(1) Internacional de Estudos Langsdorff e a Casa de Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro. A. acuminata (Benth.) Sandw. (1-1A) A. acuminata (Benth.) Sandw. var. acuminata Silva, D. G. B. da (Org.). 1998. Os Diários de (1-1A) Langsdorff, Vol.3 (Mato Grosso e Ama- A. amplexicaulis S. Moore (13-3) zônia, 21 de novembro de 1826 a 20 de A. benensis Standl. (13-7) maio de 1828). 298 p. Associação Inter- A. edulis (Rich.) A. Rich. in DC. (1-1) nacional de Estudos Langsdorff e a Casa A. edulis (Rich.) A. Rich. in DC. var. edulis de Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro. (1-1A) Silva, J. S. V. & M. A. Moura. 1998. Delimi- A. elliptica (Cham.) K. Schum. (13-1) tação do Pantanal Brasileiro e suas sub- A. hadrantha Standl. (13-2) regiões. Pesq. Agropec. Bras. 33: 1703- A. he xagyna H. Karst. (1-1A) 1711. A. humilis K. Schum. (13-3) A. longistipulata Riley (1-1A) B. phyllosepala Williams & Cheesm. (52-2) A. macrophylla K. Schum. (13-4) B. spinosa var. guatemalensis K. Schum. ex A. melloana Hook. f. (13-6) Loes. (52-2) A. myrciifolia Spruce ex K. Schum. (13-5) B. spinosa var. nitida (Kunth) K. Schum. (52-2) A. myrciifolia var. tepuiensis Steyerm. (13-5) B. spinosa var. paraguarensis Chod. & Hassler A. sessilis (Vell.) K. Schum. (13-6) (52-2) A. sessilis var. reticulata K. Schum. (13-3) B. spinosa var. parviflora Chod. & Hassler (52-2) A. steinbachii Standl. (13-7) Bathysa Presl (4) A. tenuifolia K. Krause (13-7) B. cuspidata (A. St. Hil.) K. Schum. (4-1) A. tobagensis Sprague & R.O. Williams (1-1A) Belilla Adans. (41) A. triflora (A. Rich. in DC.) K. Schum. (13-7) Bellardia Schreber (11) A. triloba Steyerm. (13-5) Bellardia Allioni (Scrophulariaceae, see 11) A. trinitatis Sprague & R.O. Williams (1-1A) Bellardia Colla (Asteraceae, see 11) A. tutumilla Rusby (1-1A) Bemsetia Raf. (33) A. uniflora Standl. (13-5) Berlandiera mollis Willd. ex DC. (11-5) A. verrucosa S. Moore (13-4) Bertiera Aubl. (5) Amaioua Aubl. (2) B. diversiramea Steyerm. (5-1) A. brasiliana A. Rich. in DC. (2-3) B. guianensis Aubl. (5-1) A. corymbosa Kunth (2-1) Bigelovia Spreng. (62) A. fagifolia Desf. (2-1) B. commutata Spreng. (62-26) A. guianensis Aubl. (2-2) B. eryngioides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Hook. f. & A. guianensis var. brasiliana (A. Rich. in DC.) Arn. (62-3) K. Schum. (2-3) B. verticillata (L.) Spreng. (62-26) A. guianensis var. confertifolia K. Schum. (2-3) Bignonia triflora Pav. ex DC. (15-1) A. guianensis var. macrantha Steyerm. (2-2) Blandibractea Wernham (60) 80 A. intermedia Mart. (2-3) Bonifacia riparia Manso ex Steud. (3-1A) A. laureaster Mart. (2-3) Borojoa Cuatrec. (1)(1) Amaiova Juss. (2) Borreria G. Mey. (62) Amajoa Desfont. (2) B. sec. Galianthe (Griseb.) K. Schum. (24) Amajoua Roem.& Schult. (2) B. subg. Dasycephala (Hook. f.) Bacigalupo & Anisomeris C. Presl (10) Cabral (62) A. obtusa (Cham. & Schltdl.) K. Schum. (10-3) B. subg. Galianthe (Griseb.) Standl. (24) Anotis salzmannii DC. (43-3) B. aralioides Cham. & Schltdl. (21-1) Arariba Mart. (60) B. ocymifolia (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Baci- Arbulocarpus Tennant (62) galupo & E. L. Cabral (62-12) Asemanthia Ridl. (41) B. advena Fisch. & Meyer (62-2) Aspidanthera Benth. (23) B. affinis DC. (62-3) A. rudgeoides Benth. (23-2) B. asclepiadea Cham. & Schltdl. (62-16) Augusta Pohl (3) B. aspera Mart. & Gal. (62-16) A. glaucescens Pohl (3-1A) B. asperula DC. (62-12) A. lanceolata Pohl (3-1A) B. capitata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. (62-1) A. longifolia (Spreng.) Rehder (3-1A) B. capitata var. capitata f. ferruginea (A. St.-Hil.) A. longifolia (Spreng.) Reheder var. longifo - Steyerm. (62-1) lia (3-1A) B. capitata var. capitata f. glabra Steyerm. (62-1) A. oblongifolia Pohl (3-1A) B. capitata var. suaveolens (Meyer) Steyerm. Axolus Raf. (8) (62-23) B. capitata var. tenella (Kunth) Steyerm. (62- Basanacantha Hook. f. (52) 24) B. calycina K. Schum. (52-1) B. capitellata (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) B. erythropoda Rusby (52-2) Cham. & Schltdl. (62-6) B. macrocarpa Rusby (57-1) B. chodatiana Standl. (24-6) B. commutata Spreng. (62-26) B. sideritis Cham. & Schltdl. (62-8) B. cristata S. Moore (24-2) B. simplicicaulis K. Schum. ex Sucre (62-22) B. dasycephala (Cham. & Schltdl.) Bacigalupo B. spherica DC. (62-1) & E. L. Cabral (62-2) B. stellata Roem. & Schult. (62-26) B. diffusa DC. (62-3) B. stricta G. Mey. (62-26) B. elongata DC. (62-1) B. suaveolens auct., non G. Mey. (62-1) B. eryngioides Cham. & Schltdl. (62-3) B. suaveolens G. Mey. (62-23) B. eupathorioides Cham. & Schltdl. (24-3) B. suaveolens var. linoides (DC.) Standl. (62-23) B. fastigiata (Griseb.) K. Schum. (24-4) B. suaveolens var. linoides (K. Schum.) Standl. B. ferruginea (A. St.-Hil.) DC. (62-1) (62-24) B. flavescens DC. (62-16) B. suaveolens var. platyphylla (K. Schum.) Stan- B. flavovirens Bacigalupo & E. L. Cabral (62-21) dl. (62-24) B. globularioides Cham. & Schltdl. (62-26) B. tenella (Kunth) Cham. & Schltdl. (62-24) B. graminifolia M. Martens & Galeotti (62-26) B. tenella var. angustifolia DC. (62-24) B. gymnocephala DC. (62-15) B. tenella var. genuina K. Schum. (62-24) B. haenkeana M. Martens & Galeotti (62-26) B. tenella var. linoides (DC.) K. Schum. (62-24) B. hebecarpa DC. (62-6) B. tenella var. platyphylla K. Schum. (62-24) B. herbert-smithii Rusby (62-6) B. tenella var. suaveolens (Meyer) K. Schum. B. hispida Spuce ex K. Schum. (62-23) B. hyssopifolia (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Ba- B. tenera auct., non DC. (62-3) cigalupo & E. L. Cabral (62-9) B. tenuis DC. (62-25) B. kappleriana Miq. (62-1) B. thalictroides K. Schum. var. latifolia Chodat B. kohautiana Cham. & Schltdl. (62-26) & Hassler (24-6) B. laevis (Lam.) Griseb. (62-6) B. thalictroides auct., non K. Schum. (24-4) B. lagurus S. Moore (62-7) B. thymocephala Griseb. (62-26) B. latifolia (Aubl.) K. Schum. (62-8) B. trichantha Miq. (62-6) 81 B. latifolia f. scabrida (DC.) Steyerm. (62-8) B. umbellata Spreng. (21-1) B. latifolia var. scabrida (DC.) K. Schum. (62-8) B. valerianoides Cham. & Schlecht. f. prima B. leiophylla K. Schum. (24-4) Cham. & Schlecht. (24-6) B. linoides DC. (62-24) B. verbenoides Cham. & Schltdl. (24-6) B. lutescens DC. (62-1) B. verbenoides var. eupatorioides (Cham. & B. minima DC. (62-26) Schltdl.) L.B. Sm. & Downs (24-6) B. mitreoloides Standl. (62-10) B. verbenoides f. prima Cham. & Schltdl. (24-6) B. nectarifera Rusby (62-1) B. verbenoides f. secunda Cham. & Schltdl. (24-4) B. nervosa DC. (62-16) B. verbenoides f. tertia Cham. & Schltdl. (24-4) B. oaxana M. Martens & Galeotti (62-26) B. verbenoides f. cuarta Cham. & Schltdl. (24-4) B. oligodonta Steyerm. (62-26) B. verticillata (L.) G. Mey. (62-26) B. ovalifolia Mart. & Gal. (62-13) B. virgata Cham. & Schltdl. (62-12) B. palustris (Cham. & Schltdl.) Bacigalupo & B. vulpina Standl. (62-27) E. L. Cabral (62-15) Brignolia DC. (32) B. perangusta S. Moore (62-14) B. acuminata DC. (32-2) B. platyphylla DC. (62-8) B. pubigera Benth. (32-2) B. poaya (A. St. Hil.) DC. (62-16) Bruinsmania Miq. (32) B. podocephala DC. (62-26) B. isertioides Miq. (32-2) B. pratensis DC. (62-16) Buchia Kunth (48) B. quadrifaria E.L.Cabral (62-17) Buddlea glabrata Spreng. (8-1) B. runkii K. Schum. (62-18) Buena Cav. (29) B. saponariifolia Cham. & Schltdl. (19-3) Buena Pohl (= Cosmibuena Ruiz & Pav.) B. scabiosoides Cham. & Schltdl. (62-19) Bunophila Willd. ex Schult. & Schult. f. (37) B. scabrida DC. (62-8) B. schumanniana Taub. ex Ule (62-20) Calderonia Standl. (60) C. rubra Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. (51-12) Callicocca alba (Aubl.) Gmel. (51-36) C. sororiella (Muell. Arg.) Standl. (51-35) C. ipecacuanha Brot. (8-1) C. sphaerocephala (Muell. Arg.) B.L. Rob. (51- C. tomentosa (Aubl.) Gmel. (51-24) 30) Calycophyllum DC. (6) C. stipulosa (Muell. Arg.) Standl. (51-31) C. coccineum (Vahl) DC. (68-1) C. tomentosa (Aubl.) Vahl (51-24) C. multi!orum Griseb. (6-1) C. tricholoba (Muell. Arg.) Standl. (51-34) C. spruceanum (Benth.) Hook. f. ex K. Cephalanthus L. (8) Schum. (6-2) C. glabratus (Spreng.) K. Schum. (8-1) C. spruceanum var. multiflorum (Griseb.) Cho- C. sarandi Cham. & Schltdl. (8-1) dat & Hassler (6-1) Chaenocarpus Necker ex A. Juss. (62), C. spruceanum var. multiflorum f. intermedia Charpentiera Vieill. (33) Chodat & Hassler (6-1) Chesnea Scopoli (7) C. tubulosum (A. Rich. in DC.) DC. (49-1) Chiococca P. Browne (9) Carapichea Aubl. (8) C. alba (L.)L.) Hitchc. (9-1) C. ipecacuanha (Brot.) L. Andersson (8-1) C. alba var. micrantha (J.R. Johnst.) Steyerm. Carinta Wight (28) (9-1) C. herbacea (Jacq.) W. F. Wight (28-1) C. alba var. micrantha f. pilosa Steyerm. (9-1) C. repens (L.) L.B. Sm. & Downs (28-1) C. alba var. parvifolia (Wullschlaegel ex Carmenocania Wernh. (49) Griseb.) Steyerm. (9-1) Caruelina Kuntze (10) C. anguifuga Mart. (9-1) Caruelina obtusa (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze C. brachiata Ruiz & Pav. (9-1) (10-3) C. brachiata var. acuminata Muell. Arg. (9-1) Cascarilla (Endl.) Wedd. (35) C. brachiata var. acutifolia Muell. Arg. (9-1) C. [sect.] Calyptria Wedd. (35) C. brachiata var. biformis Muell. Arg. (9-1) 82 C. [sect.] Carua Wedd. (35) C. brachiata var. conjungens Muell. Arg. (9-1) C. [sect.] Muzonia Wedd. (35) C. brachiata var. densifolia (Mart.) Muell. Arg. C. [sect.] Pseudoquina Wedd. (35) (9-1) Cassupa Bonpl. (32) C. brachiata var. diplomorpha Muell. Arg. (9-1) C. scarlatina K. Schum. & K. Krause (32-1) C. brachiata var. grandifolia Muell. Arg. (9-1) Cephaelis Sw. (51) C. brachiata var. intercedens Muell. Arg. (9-1) C. alba (Aubl.) Willd. (51-36) C. brachiata var. intermedia Muell. Arg. (9-1) C. amoena Bremek. (51-8) C. brachiata var. lanceolata Muell. Arg. (9-1) C. barcellana (Muell. Arg.) Standl. (51-24) C. brachiata var. microphylla Muell. Arg. (9-1) C. colorata Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. (51-8) C. brachiata var. petiolaris Muell. Arg. (9-1) C. cymosa Spreng. (51-16) C. brachiata var. rigidula Muell. Arg. (9-1) C. dichotoma Rudge (51-22) C. brachiata var. subrhombea Muell. Arg. (9-1) C. dichotoma Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. (51-12) C. brachiata var. tenuifolia Muell. Arg. (9-1) C. glabrescens (Muell. Arg.) Standl. (51-4) C. brachiata var. valida Muell. Arg. (9-1) C. hirsuta Mart. & Gal. (51-24) C. micrantha J.R. Johnst. (9-1) C. hoffmannseggiana Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. C. parvifolia Wullschlaegel ex Griseb. (9-1) (51-12) C. pubescens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & C. ipecacuanha (Brot.) A. Rich. (8-1) Schult. (9-1) C. justiciifolia Rudge (51-16) C. racemosa L. (9-1) C. krauseana Standl. (51-27) Chlorophytum nervosum Pohl ex DC. (62-16) C. malmei Standl. (51-17) C. pratense Pohl ex DC. (62-16) C. microcephala Miq. (51-12) Chomelia Jacq. (10) C. microcephala Willd: ex Roem. & Schult. (51- C. intercedens Muell. Arg. (10-1) 25) C. myrtifolia S. Moore (10-2) C. paraensis Standl. (51-36) C. obtusa Cham. & Schltdl. (10-3) C. prunifolia Kunth (51-25) C. obtusa var. brevifolia Muell. Arg. (10-3) C. obtusa var. pubescens Hassl. (10-3) C. lanceolata Ruiz & Pav. (11-5) C. occidentalis Muell. Arg. (10-4) C. repens Ruiz & Pav. (11-2) C. pohliana Muell. Arg. (10-5) Condaminea tinctoria (Kunth) DC. (60-3) C. ribesioides Benth. ex A. Gray, (10-6) Congdonia Muell. Arg. (16). C. sessilis Muell. Arg. (10-7) Conotrichia A. Rich. (39) Chrysoxylon Wedd. (49) Cordiera A. Rich. in DC. (13) Chrysoxylon Casar. (Mimosaceae, see 49) C. acuminata Benth. (1-1A) C. febrifugum Wedd. (49-1) C. edulis (Rich.) Kuntze (1-1A) C. tubulosus (A. Rich. in DC.) Kuntze (49-1) C. elliptica (Cham.) Kuntze (13-1) Chytropsia Bremek. (51) C. hadrantha (Standl.) C.H. Perss. & Delprete (13-2) Cinchona [sect.] Cascarilla Endl. (35) C. hexagyna (H. Karst.) Kuntze (1-1A) C. brasiliensis Hoffmanns. ex Humb. (37-2) C. humilis (K. Schum.) Kuntze (13-3) C. cujabensis Manso ex Klotsch in Hayne (35-3) C. macrophylla (K. Schum.) Kuntze (13-4) C. ferruginea A. St. Hil. (53-1) C. myrciifolia (K. Schum.) C.H. Perss. & Del- C. firmula Mart. (53-2) prete var. myrciifolia (13-5) Coccocypselum P. Browne (11) C. sessilis ( Vell.) Kuntze (13-6) C. apurense Steyerm. (11-2) C. tri!ora A. Rich. in DC. (13-7) C. aureum (Spreng.) Cham. & Schltdl. (11-1) Coupoui Aubl. (20) C. aureum var. capitatum (Benth.) Steyerm. Coussarea Aubl. (14) (11-1) C. cornifolia (Benth.) Benth. & J.D. Hook. (14-1) C. brevipetiolatum Steyerm. (11-4) C. frondosa S. Moore (14-2) C. brittonii Rusby (11-2) C. hydrangeifolia (Benth.) Benth. & J.D. C. canescens Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. (11-5) Hook. ex Muell. Arg. (14-3) C. condalia Pers. (11-2) C. platyphylla Muell. Arg. (14-4) C. condalia var. caaguazuense Hassler (11-2) C. regnelliana Muell. Arg. (14-5) C. cordatum K. Krause (11-3) Coutarea Aubl. (15) 83 C. crassifolium Standl. (11-5) C. campanilla DC. (15-1) C. croatii Steyerm. (11-2) C. flavescens Sessé & Moç. in DC. (15-1) C. decumbens K. Krause (11-2) C. hexandra (Jacq.) K. Schum. (15-1) C. dichroolasium Mart. (11-5) C. he xandra f. albiflora Chodat & Hassler (15-1) C. hasslerianum Chodat (11-3) C. he xandra f. grandiflora Chodat & Hassler (15-1) C. hirsutum Bartl. ex DC. (11-4) C. he xandra f. pubescens (Pohl) Steyerm. (15-1) C. huberi Steyerm. (11-2) C. he xandra f. roseiiflora Chodat & Hassler (15-1) C. lanceolatum (Ruiz &. Pav.) Pers. (11-5) C. he xandra var. amazonica K. Schum. (15-1) C. oblongatum Urb. (11-1) C. he xandra var. calycina Chodat & Hassler (15-1) C. x oblongatum (Urb.) Borhidi & Muniz. (11-1) C. he xandra var. campanilla (DC.) Steyerm. (15-1) C. trinitense Steyerm. (11-2) C. hexandra var. fluminensis K. Schum. (15-1) C. umbellatum Poir. (11-2) C. hexandra var. pubescens (Pohl) K. Schum. Coffea L. (12) (15-1) C. arabica L. (12-1) C. hexandra var. pubescens f. tarapotensis K. C. crassiloba Benth. (58-3) Schum. (15-1) C. jasminoides Cham. (58-8) C. hexandra var. speciosa (Aubl.) K. Schum. (15-1) C. stipulacea DC. (58-12) C. hexandra var. typica K. Schum. (15-1) C. subsessilis Benth. C. lindeniana Baill. (15-1) C. umbellata Vell. (22-8) C. pubescens Pohl (15-1) C. viburnoides Cham. (58-13) C. scherffiana André (15-1) Colladonia Spreng. (45) C. speciosa Aubl. (15-1) Colladonia DC. (Apiaceae, see 45) Creatantha Standl. (32) Commianthus Benth. (54) Cupirana Miers (20) Condalia Ruiz & Pav. (11) Cyrtanthus Schreb. (50) Condalia Cav. (Rhamnaceae, see 11) Dasycephala (DC.) Hook. f. (62) D. Willd. ex Schult. in Roem. & Schult. (30) D. alata (Nees & Mart.) Hook. f. (62-15) Diodella J. K. Small (18) Declieuxia Kunth (16) D. apiculata (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Del- D. alba Zucc. ex Schult. & Schult. (16-2) prete (18-1) D. alfredi Ernst (16-2) D. radula (Willd. & Hoffmanns. ex Roem. & D. anceps K. Schum. ex Glaziou (16-2) Schult.) Delprete (18-2) D. brevicollis Muell. Arg. (16-2) D. rigida (Cham. & Schltdl.) J. K. Small (18-1) D. calophylla Standl. (16-2) D. rosmarinifolia (Pohl ex DC.) Bacigalupo D. chiococcoides Kunth (16-2) & E. L. Cabral (18-3) D. chiococcoides var. genuina Muell. Arg. (16-2) D. sarmentosa (Sw.) Bacigalupo & E. L. Ca- D. chiococcoides var. guianensis Muell. Arg. bral (18-4) (16-2) D. teres (Walt.) Small. (18-5) D. chiococcoides var. hirta Muell. Arg. (16-2) Diodia L. (19) D. chiococcoides var. linearis Muell. Arg. (16-2) D. sect. Dasycephala DC. (62) D. chiococcoides var. lucida Muell. Arg. (16-2) D. alata Nees & Mart. (62-15) D. chiococcoides var. mexicana (DC.) Muell. D. anthospermoides Cham. & Schlecht. (24-1) Arg. (16-2) D. apiculata (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) K. D. chiococcoides var. opaca Muell. Arg. (16-2) Schum. (18-1) D. chiococcoides var. pallida Muell. Arg. (16-2) D. brasiliensis Spreng. (24-1) D. chiococcoides var. papillosa Muell. Arg. (16-2) D. conferta DC. (18-1) D. chiococcoides var. puberula Muell. Arg. (16-2) D. dasycephala Cham. & Schltdl. (62-2) D. chiococcoides var. puberulina Muell. Arg. D. grandiflora (Spreng.) DC. (18-1) (16-2) D. gymnocephala K. Schum. (62-15) D. chiococcoides var. vincoides (Mart. & Zucc. D. hyssopifolia (Roem. & Schult.) Cham. & ex Schult. & Schult.) Muell. Arg. (16-2) Schltdl. (62-9) 84 D. clinopodioides Muell. Arg. (16-2) D. kunzei K. Schum. (19-1) D. cordigera Mart. & Zucc. ex Schult. & D. latiflora DC. (18-1) D. macrophylla Schult. (16-1) K. Schum. (19-2) D. muriculata DC. (18-2) D. foliosa Pohl ex DC. (16-2) D. ocymifolia (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Bre- D. fruticosa (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) mek. (62-12) Kuntze (16-2) D. palustris Cham. & Schltdl. (62-15) D. fruticosa ssp. mexicana (DC.) Borhidi (16-2) D. polymorpha Cham. & Schlecht (24-1) D. fruticosa var. guianensis (Muell. Arg.) Stan- D. polymorpha var. anthospermoides (Cham. && dl. (16-2) Schlecht.) K. Schum. (24-1) D. fruticosa var. mexicana (DC.) Standl. (16-2) D. polymorpha var. macrophylla Cham. & Sch- D. glabra Pohl ex DC. (16-2) lecht. (24-1) D. glauca Mart. ex Cham. & Schltdl. (16-2) D. polymorpha var. microphylla Cham. && D. hedemoides Standl. (16-3) Schlecht. (24-1) D. mexicana DC. (16-2) D. prostrata Sw. (18-5) D. mollis Zucc. ex Schult. & Schult. (16-2) D. pulchella Brandegee. (18-1) D. mucronata Mart. ex Cham. & Schltdl. (16-2) D. radula (Willd. & Hoffmanns. ex Roem. & D. origanoides Zucc. ex Schult. & Schult. (16-2) Schult.) Cham. & Schltdl. (18-2) D. pulverulenta Mart. ex Cham. & Schltdl. (16-2) D. rigida Cham. & Schltdl. (18-1) D. revoluta Muell. Arg. (16-2) D. rigida var. barbicocca K. Schum. (18-1) D. rubioides Zucc. ex Schult. & Schult. (16-2) D. rigida var. buckii Urb. (18-1) D. verticillata Muell. Arg. (16-3) D. rigida var. macrantha K. Schum. (18-1) D. vincoides Mart. & Zucc. ex Schult. & Schult. D. riparia Sagot ex K. Schum. (18-4) (16-2) D. rosmarinifolia Pohl ex DC. (18-3) Dialypethalanthus Kuhlmann (17) D. rudis Miq. (18-1) D. fuscescens Kuhlmann (17-1) D. saponariifolia Cham. & Schltdl.) K. Dichrospermum Bremek. (62) Schum. (19-3) D. saponarioides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Presl. (19-3) E. spruceana Benth. (6-2) D. sarmentosa Sw. (18-4) Exandra Standl. (60) D. scandens Sw. ex Benth. (18-4) Exostema cuspidatum A. St. Hil. (4-1) D. schumannii Standl. ex Bacigalupo (62-21) D. setigera DC. (18-1) Faramea Aubl. (22) D. teres Walt. (18-5) F. amazonica Muell. Arg. (22-8) D. teres ssp. angustata (A. Gray) Steyerm. (18-5) F. benensis Rusby (22-8) D. teres ssp. angustata f. latior Steyerm. (18-5) F. bracteata Benth. (22-1) D. teres ssp. prostrata (Sw.) Steyerm. (18-5) F. capillipes Muell. Arg. (22-2) D. teres ssp. prostrata var. prostrata f. latifolia F. chapadensis S. Moore (22-3) Steyerm. (18-5) F. coarinensis Muell. Arg. (22-10) D. teres ssp. prostrata var. prostrata f. leiocarpa F. cornifolia Benth. (14-1) Steyerm. (18-5) F. costata Steyerm. (22-10) D. teres var. angustata A. Gray (18-5) F. coussaroides S. Moore (22-4) Diphragmus C. Presl (62) F. cuencana Standl. (22-8) Donkelaaria Lem. (30) F. egensis Muell. Arg. (22-8) Duggena Vahl ex Standl. (29) F. hydrangeaefolia Benth. (14-3) Duhamelia Pers. (31) F. involucellata Muell. Arg. (22-5) D. odorata Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. (31-1) F. laxula K. Krause (22-8) D. patens Pers. (31-1) F. longifolia Benth. (22-10) D. sphaerocarpa (Ruíz & Pav.) Pers. (31-1) F. longifolia var. β petiolaris Muell. Arg. (22-10) Duroia L. f. (20) F. malmei Standl. (22-6) D. eriopila L. f. (20-1) F. mattogrossensis Standl. (22-7) D. micrantha (Ladbr.) Zarucchi & J.H.Kirkbr. F. maynensis Spruce ex Rusby (22-8) (20-2) F. multi!ora A. Rich. in DC. (22-8) D. prancei Steyerm. (20-3) F. multiflora var. amazonica (Muell. Arg.) 85 D. sprucei Rusby (20-2) Steyerm. (22-8) F. multiflora var. benensis (Rusby) Steyerm. Ebelia Rchb. (24) (22-8) Edechia Loe., (30) F. multiflora var. epedunculata Steyerm. (22-8) Edrastima Raf. (43) F. multiflora var. maynensis (Rusby) Steyerm. Ehrenbergia Spreng. (2) (22-8) Einsteinia Ducke (34) F. multiflora var. salicifolia (Presl) Steyerm. (22- Eionitis Bremek. (43) 8) Emmeorhiza Pohl ex Endl. (21) F. planitiarium Standl. (22-10) E. brasiliensis (Presl) Walp. (21-1) F. salicifolia Presl (22-8) E. pohliana Presl (21-1) F. sessili!ora Aubl. (22-9) E. umbellata (Spreng.) K. Schum. (21-1) F. sessilifolia (Kunth) DC. (22-10) E. umbellata ssp. septentrionalis var. septentrio- F. singularis Standl. (22-11) nalis Steyerm. (21-1) F. stenomeris Standl. (22-12) E. umbellata ssp. septentrionalis var. pubens F. talamancarum Standl. (22-8) Steyerm. (21-1) F. torquata Muell. Arg. (22-13) E. umbellata ssp. umbellata var. tomentosa Ste- Ferdinanda Lagasca (23) yerm. (21-1) Ferdinandea Pohl (23) Encopea C. Presl (22); Ferdinandusa Pohl (23) Endlichera C. Presl (21) F. elliptica Pohl (23-1) E. brasiliensis Presl (21-1) F. ovalis Pohl (23-1) E. umbellata K. Schum. (21-1) F. pubescens Wedd. (23-3) Endolasia Turcz. (39) F. rudgeoides (Benth.) Wedd. (23-2) Eresimus Raf. (8) F. speciosa Pohl (23-3) Eukylista Spruce ex Benth. (6)(6) F. speciosa f. pubescens (Wedd.) Steyerm. (23-3) Flexanthera Rusby (60) G. augusta (L.) Merr. (26-1) Foscarenia Vell. ex Vand. (52) G. edulis (Rich.) Poir. (1-1A) G. florida L. (26-1) Galianthe Griseb. (24) G. formosa Cham. & Schltdl. (66-3) G. brasiliens is (Spreng.) E.L. Cabral & Baci- G. genipa Sw. (27-1) galupo (24-1) G. jasminoides J. Ellis (26-1) G. chodatiana (Standl.) E.L. Cabral (24-6) G. longiflora Ruiz & Pav. (57-1) G. cristata (S. Moore) E.L. Cabral (24-2) G. sessilis Vell. (13-6) G. eupathorioides (Cham. & Schltdl.) E.L. Gardeniola Cham. (13) Cabral (24-3) Genipa L. (27) G. eupatorioides (Cham. & Schltdl.) E.L. Cabral G. americana L. (27-1) (24-6) G. americana var. caruto (Kunth) K. Schum. (27-1) G. fastigiata Griseb. (24-4) G. americana var. caruto f. grandifolia Chod. & G. pseudopetiolata E.L. Cabral (24-5) Hassl. (27-1) G. valerianoides (Cham. & Schltdl.) E.L. Cabral G. americana var. caruto f. jorgensenii Steyerm. (24-6) (27-1) G. verbenoides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Griseb. G. barbata Presl. (27-1) (24-6) G. caruto Kunth (27-1) Galium L. (25) G. codonocalyx Standl. (27-1) G. sect. Relbunium Endl. (25) G. edulis Rich. (1-1A) G. albicans Wedd. (25-1) G. excelsa K. Krause (27-1) G. apricum Vell. (25-2) G. humilis Vell. (27-1) G. brasiliense Wawra (25-1) G. oblongifolia Ruiz & Pav. (27-1) G. camporum Pohl ex DC. (25-2) G. pubescens DC. (27-1) G. croceum Ruiz & Pav. (25-1) G. spruceana Steyerm. (27-2) 86 G. fluminense Vell. (25-1) G. venosa Standl. (27-1) G. gardneri Walp. (25-1) Genipella Rich. ex DC. (1) G. hypocarpium (L.) Endl. ex Griseb. (25-1) Geocardia Standl. (28) G. hypocarpium ssp. gracillimum (Ehrend.) G. cordata (Miq.) Standl. (28-1) Dempster (25-1) G. violacea (Aubl.) Standl. (28-1) G. hypocarpium ssp. indecorum (Cham. && Geophila D. Don (28) Schltdl.) Dempster (25-1) G. cordata Miq. (28-1) G. megapotamicum Spreng. (25-2) G. herbacea (Jacq.) K. Schum. (28-1) G. noxium (A. St. Hil.) Dempster (25-3) G. picta Rolfe, non Wall. (51-36) G. noxium ssp. noxium (25-3) G. repens (L.) I. M. Johnst. (28-1) G. noxium ssp. valantioides (Cham. & Schltdl.) G. violacea (Aubl.) DC. (28-1) Dempster (25-3) Gomphosia Wedd. (23) G. ovale Ruiz & Pav. (25-1) Gonotheca Blume in DC. (43) G. paratyense Vell. (25-3) Gonotheca Raf. (Asteraceae, see 43) G. pauciflorum Willd. ex K. Schum. (25-1) Gonzalagunia Ruiz & Pav. (29) G. quitense Wedd. (25-1) G. dicocca Cham. & Schltdl. (29-1) G. radicosum Steud. (25-2) G. dicocca ssp. dicocca var. guianensis Steyerm. G. relbun D. Clos (25-1) (29-1) G. rupestre Walp. (25-1) G. dicocca ssp. venezuelensis Steyerm. (29-1) Gamotopea Bremek. (51) G. surinamensis Bremek. (29-1) G. alba (Aubl.) Bremek. (51-36) Gonzalea Pers. (29) Garapatica H. Karst. (13) G. dicocca (Cham. & Schltdl.) Steud. (29-1) G. edulis (Rich.) H. Karst. (1-1A) Grumilea Gaert. (51) Gardenia J. Ellis (26) Guagnebina Vell. (39) G. sensu Vell. pro parte (66) G. ignita Vell. (39-1) G. subgen. Gardeniola Cham. (13) G. luteo-rubra Vell. (39-2) Guettarda L. (30) I. hoenei K. Krause (32-1) G. burchelliana Muell. Arg. (30-1) I. hypoleuca Benth. (32-1) G. mattogrossensis S. Moore (30-2) I. parvi!ora Vahl (32-2) G. pohliana Muell. Arg. (30-3) I. parviflora var. hirta Steyerm. (32-2) G. viburnoides Cham. & Schltdl. (30-4) Ixora L. (33) I. bandhuca Roxb. (33-4) Halesia P. Browne (30) I. brevifolia Benth. (33-1) Hamelia Jacq. (31) I. carolinensis Hosok. (33-2) H. brachystemon Wernham (31-1) I. carolinensis var. typica (Hosok.) Fosb. (33-2) H. brittoniana Wernham (31-1) I. carolinensis var. volkensii (Hosok.) Fosb. (33-2) H. coccinea Sw. (31-1) I. casei Hance in Walp. (33-2) H. erecta Jacq. (31-1) I. chinensis Lam. (33-3) H. intermedia Urb. & Ekman (31-1) I. coccinea L. (33-4) H. lanuginosa Mart. & Gal. (31-1) I. coccinea var. bandhuca (Roxb.) Corner (33-4) H. latifolia Reichb. ex DC. (31-1) I. coccinea var. coccinea f. coccinea Veitch. ex H. nodosa Mart. & Gal. (31-1) Forberg & Sachet (33-4) H. patens Jacq. (31-1) I. coccinea var. coccinea f. lutea (Hutch.) For- H. patens var. quinifolia DC. (31-1) berg & Sachet (33-4) H. pedicellata Wernham (31-1) I. coccinea var. hermannii Fosberg & Sachet (33-4) H. sphaerocarpa Ruíz & Pav. (31-1) I. coccinea var. intermedia Fosberg & Sachet (33-4) H. suaveolens Kunth (31-1) I. coccinea var. lutea (Hutch.) Corner (33-4) H. tubiflora Wernham (31-1) I. confertifolia Val. (33-2) H. viridifolia Wernham (31-1) I. dixiana Gentil (33-3) Hamellia [sic] corymbosa Sessé & Moç. (31-1) I. duffii Baine (33-2) Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam. (43-1) I. duidae Standl. (58-12) H. halei Torr. & Gray (47-1) I. "nlaysoniana Wall. ex G. Don (33-5) 87 H. lancifolia Schumach. (43-2) I. frasei Gentil (33-4) H. pentandra Schumach. & Thonn. (47-1) I. glaziovii Muell. Arg. (33-1) H. salzmannii (DC.) Steud. (43-3) I. grandilora Lodd. (33-4) H. thesiifolia A. St. Hil. (43-3) I. lutea Hutch. (33-4) Hemidiodia K. Schum. (62) I. macrothyrsa sensu auct. [non (Teysm. & Bin- H. ocymifolia (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) K. nend.) T. Moore] (33-2) Schum. (62-12) I. membranacea Muell. Arg. (33-1) Hexasepalum Bartl. in DC. (62) I. montana Lour. (33-4) Homaloclados Hook. f. (22) I. pulcherrima Volkens (33-2) Houstonia fruticosa Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. I. spruceana Muell. Arg. (33-6) (16-2) I. stricta Roxb. (33-3) Howardia Wedd. (49) I. thyrsoidea Muell. Arg. (33-1) Howardia Klotzsch (Aristolochiaceae, see 49) I. venulosa Benth. (33-7) H. febrifuga Wedd. (49-1) I. volkensii Hosok. (33-2) H. richardi Wedd. (49-1) I. warmingii Muell. Arg. (33-1) Hypodematium A. Rich. (62) I. williamsii Sandw. (33-2)

Ibetralia Bremek. (34) Jurgensia Raf. (62) Ipecacuana Raf. (7) Justenia Hiern. (5) Ipecacuanha Arruda (7) I. officinalis Arruda & Diss. ex Koster (7-1) Karamyschewia F.E. Fischer & C.A. Mey. (43) Isertia Schreber (32) Kotchubaea Regel ex Hook. f. (34) I. coccinea Vahl var. hypoleuca (Benth.) K. Kutchubaea Fisch. ex DC. (34) Schum. (32-1) K. insignis Fisch. ex DC. (34-1) I. glabra Ducke (32-2) Ladenbergia Klotzsch in Hayne (35) M. cordifolia var. glabra f. boliviana (Wernham) L. amazonensis Ducke (35-1) Chung (39-1) L. chapadensis S. Moore (35-2) M. cordifolia var. paranensis (Standl.) Chung (39-1) L. cujabensis Klotzsch in Hayne (35-3) M. cuspidata Bertero ex Spreng. (39-3) L. gracili!ora K. Schum. (35-4) M. divaricata Wernham (39-3) Landia Commers. ex A. L. Juss. (41) M. filicaulis Wawra (39-2) Landia Downbey (Krameriaceae) M. glabra Cham. & Schltdl. (39-1) Limnosipanea Hook. f. (36) M. gracilis Cham. & Schltdl. (39-1) L. erythreoides (Cham.) K. Schum. (36-1) M. gracilis var. glabra (Cham. & Schltdl.) Ben- L. guaricensis Pittier (36-3) th. (39-1) L. kuntzei Standl. (36-3) M. grandiflora Miq. (39-1) L. palustris (Seem.) Hook. f. (36-2) M. havanensis Kunth (39-3) L. schomburgkii Hook. f. (36-2) M. ignita (Vell.) K. Schum. (39-1) L. schomburgkii var. robustior Pilger. (36-2) M. ignita var. angustifolia K. Schum. (39-1) L. spruceana Hook. f. (36-3) M. ignita var. cordifolia (Mart.) K. Schum. (39-1) L. ternifolia Pittier (36-3) M. ignita var. glabra (Cham. & Schltdl.) K. Limnosipania Hook. f. (36) Schum. (39-1) Lipostoma D. Don (11) M. ignita var. incana K. Schum. (39-1) Listeria Necker ex Raf. (43) M. ignita var. micans (Poepp.) K. Schum. (39-1) Lonicera alba L. (9-1) M. lanceolata (Forssk.) Vahl. (46-1) Lygistum P. Browne (39) M. leianthiflora Griseb. (39-1) M. luteo-rubra (Vell.) Benth. (39-2) Machaonia Bonpl. (37) M. luteo-rubra var. paraguariensis (Chodat) M. acuminata Bonpl. (37-1) Chung (39-2) M. spinosa Cham. & Schltdl. (37-2) M. micans Poepp. (39-1) 88 M. spinosa Cham. & Schltdl. (37-2) M. panamensis Duchass. & Walp. (39-3) Macrocnemum coccineum Vahl (68-1) M. paraguariensis Chodat (39-2) M. tinctorium Kunth (60-3) M. paranensis Standl. (39-1) M. tinctorium Roem. & Schult. (60-3) M. quinquenervia Sprague (39-2) M. tubulosum A. Rich. in DC. (49-1) M. reclinata L. (39-3) Malanea Aubl. (38) M. samuelssoniana Standl. (39-2) M. bahiensis Muell. Arg. (38-1) M. sanctae-martae Wernham (39-3) M. macrophylla Bartl. ex Griseb. (38-1) M. spraguei Wernham (39-3) M. macrophylla var. macrophylla f. bahiensis M. stipulosa Wernham (39-1) (Muell. Arg.) Steyerm. (38-1) M. uniflora Kunth (39-3) M. macrophylla var. macrophylla f. cuneata Mapourea herbacea (Jacq.) Muell. Arg. (28-1) Steyerm. (38-1) Mapouria Aubl. (51) M. ribesioides (Benth. ex A. Gray) Muell. Arg. M. sect. Eumapouria [= Sect. Mapouria ] ser. Ax- (10-6) illares Muell. Arg. (56) Manettia Mutis ex L. (39) M. alba (Ruiz & Pav.) Muell. Arg. (51-7) M. asperula Benth. (39-1) M. borjensis (Kunth) Muell. Arg. (51-2) M. attenuata Nees & Mart. (39-1) M. catharinense Muell. Arg. (51-7) M. boliviana Wernham (39-1) M. chionantha (DC.) Muell. Arg. (51-18) M. bradei Standl. (39-2) M. corumbensis S. Moore (51-9) M. burchellii Wernham (39-1) M. fockeana (Miq.) Bremek. (51-7) M. capitata Wernham (11-2) M. guianensis Aubl. (51-18) M. coccinea (Aubl.) Willd. (39-3) M. latifolia var. hispidula Bremek. (56-1) M. cordifolia Mart. (39-1) M. luschnathiana (Schlecht.) Muell. Arg. (51-18) M. cordifolia var. attenuata (Nees & Mart.) M. opaca Bremek. (51-18) Wernham (39-1) M. podocephala Muell. Arg. (51-23) M. cordifolia var. filiformis Wernham (39-1) M. subsessilis (Benth.) Muell. Arg. (56-1) M. subsessilis var. γ angustifolia Muell. Arg. (56-1) Neurocarpacea R. Br. (46) M. subsessilis var. α latifolia Muell. Arg. (56-1) N. lanceolata (Forssk.) R. Br. (46-1) M. tobagensis Urb. (51-18) Nonatelia Aubl. (51) M. tomentella S. Moore (51-32) N. grandiflora Kunth (45-5) M. tricephala Muell. Arg. (51-33) N. macrophylla Kunth (45-6) M. tristis Muell. Arg. (51-7) N. officinalis Aubl. (51-19) M. umbrosa Muell. Arg. (51-2) N. paniculata Aubl. (51-21) Margaris DC. (9) N. racemosa Aubl. (51-26) Martha F. Muell. (50) Notopleura (Benth.) Bremek. (42) Matthiola L. (30) N. tapajozensis (Standl.) Bremek. (42-1) Mattuschea Batsch (48) Mattuschkaea Schreb. (48) Octodon Thonning in Schumach. (62) Mattuschkea Kunth (48) Oldenlandia L. (43) M. hirsuta (Aubl.) Vahl. (48-2) O. cordata Vell. (11-2) M. hispida Kunth (48-2) O. corymbosa L. (43-1) M. incana Spreng. (48-2) O. halei (Torr. & Gray) Chapm. (47-1) Mattuschkia Gmel. (Saururaceae, see 48) O. herbacea sensu Bremek. (43-2) Mattuskea Raf. (48) O. hirsuta Vell. (11-5) Melanopsidium Poit. ex A. Rich. in DC. (1)(1) O. lancifolia (Schumach.) DC. (43-2) Mitracarpus Zucc. in Schult. & Schult. f. (40) O. macrophylla DC. (47-1) M. eritrichoides Standl. (40-1) O. pentandra (Schumach. & Thonn.) DC. (47-1) M. hasslerianus Chodat (40-2) O. salzmannii (DC.) Hook. f. (43-3) M. hirtus (L.) DC. (40-3) O. thesiifolia (A. St. Hil.) K. Schum. (43-3) M. hirtus sensu D. Adams in W. Burger & Ophiorrhiza lanceolata Forssk. (46-1) C.M. Taylor (40-6) Oribasia racemosa (Aubl.) Gmel. (51-26) M. hirtus apud Standl. (40-6) Orthostemma Wall. ex Voigt (46) 89 M. lhotzkyanus Cham. (40-4) Ourouparia Aubl. (67) M. parvulus K. Schum. (40-5) O. guianensis Aubl. (67-1) M. rude Benth. (40-6) M. torresianum Cham. & Schltdl. (40-6) Pagamea Aubl. (44) M. villosus (Sw.) Cham. & Schltdl. (40-6) P. coriacea Spruce ex Benth. (44-1) M. virgatus (Link ex Roem. & Schult.) Cham. P. coriacea Spruce ex Benth. var. acuta Steyerm. & Schltdl. (65-5) (44-1) Mitratheca K. Schum. (43) P. coriacea var. pubescens Steyerm. (44-1) Montamans Dwyer (42) P. guianensis Aubl. (44-2) Mussaenda L. (41) Paiva Vell. (59) M. coccinea (Vahl) Poir. in Lam. (68-1) Palicourea Aubl. (45) M. erythrophylla Schumach. & Thonn. (41-1) P. bracteosa Standl. (45-1) M. luteola Delile (41-2) P. chionantha DC. (51-18) M. nitida Kunth (52-2) P. coriacea (Cham.) K. Schum. (45-2) M. parvi!ora Miq. (41-3) P. corymbifera (Muell. Arg.) Standl. (45-3) M. philippica A. Rich. (41-4) P. crocea (Sw.) Roem. & Schult. (45-4) M. spinosa Jacq. (52-2) P. diuretica Mart. (45-16) Muzonia (Wedd.) N. Osorio (35) P. expetens Standl. (45-3) Myristiphyllum P. Browne (51) P. fastigiata Kunth (51-29) P. grandi!ora (Kunth) Standl. (45-5) Nacibea Aubl. (39) P. grandifolia (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) N. coccinea Aubl. (39-3) Standl. (45-6) N. reclinata (L.) Poir. (39-3) P. grandifolia var. sprucei (Muell. Arg.) Steyerm. Naletonia Bremek. (51) (45-6) Nettlera Raf. (7) P. guianensis Aubl. (45-7) P. guianensis ssp. occidentalis Steyerm. (45-7) Petesia P. Browne (39) P. guianensis var. tetramera Bremek. (45-7) Pisonia combretifolia Morong & Britton (6-1) P. guianensis var. trimera Bremek. (45-7) P. combretiflora Mart. ex J.A. Schmidt (Nycta- P. hebeantha DC. (45-11) ginaceae, see 6-1) P. lagesii K. Schum. & K. Krause (45-8) Plethyrsis Raf. (55) P. lanata (Muell. Arg.) Standl. (45-9) Pogonopus Klotzsch (49) P. lasioneura K. Krause (45-10) P. febrifugus (Wedd.) Hook. f. (49-1) P. macrobotrys (Ruiz & Pav.) Roem. & P. febrifugus var. macrosema Hutch. (49-1) Schult. (45-10) P. tubulosus (A. Rich. in DC.) K. Schum. (49- P. marcgravii A. St. Hil. (45-11) 1) P. nicotianaefolia Cham. & Schltdl. (45-10) Pomatium Gaertn. (5) P. nitidella (Muell. Arg.) Standl. (45-12) Portlandia acuminata Willd. ex Roem. & P. noxia Mart. (45-11) Schult. (15-1) P. ovalifolia (Rusby) Standl. (45-13) P. hexandra Jacq. (15-1) P. paraensis (Muell. Arg.) Standl. (45-14) Posoqueria Aubl. (50) P. radians (Muell. Arg.) Standl. (45-15) P. latifolia (Rudge) Roem. & Schult. (50-1) P. rigida Kunth (45-16) P. trifida Poepp. (50-1) P. rigida ssp. hirtibacca Steyerm. (45-16) Potima Hedwig (22); P. sellowiana DC. (51-29) Pseudomussaenda lanceolata (Forssk.) Wer- P. sprucei (Muell. Arg.) K. Schum. (45-6) nham (46-1) P. subspicata J. Hub. (45-17) Psychotria L. (51) P. triphylla DC. (45-18) P. sect. Notopleura Benth. (42) P. williamsii Rusby (45-10) P. sect. Oppositiflorae Benth. & Hook. f. (56) Panchezia Montr. (33) P. sect. Palicourea (Aubl.) Muell. Arg. (45) Paragophyton K. Schum. (62) P. alba Ruiz & Pav. (51-7) 90 Patabea Aubl. (33) P. amazonica Muell. Arg. (45-6) P. alba Kunth (51-16) P. amplectans Benth. (51-1) P. coriacea Cham. (45-2) P. atricapilla Bremek. (5-13) P. tenerior Cham. (51-19) P. avia Standl. & Steyerm. (58-12) Pecheya Scopoli (14) P. axillaris Willd. (56-1) Pentas Benth. (46) P. bahiensis DC. var. cornigera (Benth.) Ste- P. verrucosa Chiov. (46-1) yerm. (51-9) P. carnea sensu auct. (46-1) P. barbiflora DC. (51-19) P. lanceolata (Forssk.) Deers (46-1) P. barcellana Muell. Arg. P. quartiniana (A. Rich.) Oliv. (46-1) P. borjensis Kunth (51-2) Pentodon Hochstetter (47) P. brachybotria Muell. Arg. (51-3) P. halei (Torr. & Gray) A. Gray (47-1) P. bracteocardia (DC.) Müll.Arg. (51-4) P. pentandrus (Schumach. & Thonn.) Vatke (47-1) P. byrsophylla Spreng. (45-16) Perama Aubl. (48) P. calviflora Steyerm. (51-8) P. dichotoma Poepp. & Endl. (48-1) P. campyloneura Muell. Arg. (51-5) P. dichotoma var. scaposa (Gleason & Standl.) P. capitata Ruiz & Pav. (51-6) Steyerm. (48-1) P. capitata ssp. capitata var. capitata f. trichopho- P. dichotoma var. hirsutula (Gleason & Standl.) ra Steyerm. (51-6) Steyerm. (48-1) P. capitata ssp. inundata (Benth.) Steyerm. (51-6) P. ericoides Poepp. & Endl. (48-2) P. capitata ssp. inundata var. roraimensis (Wer- P. hirsuta Aubl. (48-2) nham) Steyerm. (51-6) P. hirsuta var. stricta (Benth.) Bremek. (48-2) Psychotria capitata ssp. inundata var. septentrio- P. scaposa Gleason & Standl. (48-1) nalis Steyerm. (51-6) P. setulosa Miq. (48-2) P. carthagenensis Jacq. (51-7) P. stricta Benth. (48-2) P. chlorotica Muell. Arg. (51-6) Petagomea Bremek. (51) P. chlorotica var. lanceolata Muell. (51-6) P. chlorotica var. obovata Muell. Arg. (51-6) P. iodotricha Muell. Arg. (51-13) P. colorata (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Muell. P. iodotricha ssp. atricapilla (Bremek.) Steyerm. Arg. (51-8) (5-13) P. colorata ssp. megapontica (Muell. Arg.) Ste- P. ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes (8-1) yerm. (51-8) P. iquitoensis Standl. (51-3) P. coriacea Poir. ex Spreng. [= Chione exserta P. krauseana (Standl.) Zappi (51-27) (DC.) Urb.] P. krauseana Standl. (58-2) P. cornifolia Humb.& Bonpl. ex Roem. & P. kuhlmannii Standl. (51-14) Schult., (58-2) P. lanata Muell. Arg. (45-9) P. cornifolia Kunth (58-2) P. langsdorffiana Muell. Arg. (51-16) P. cornigera Benth. (51-10) P. leiocarpa Cham. & Schltdl. (51-15) P. corumbensis (S. Moore) Hoehne (51-9) P. leiocarpa var. intermedia Muell. Arg. (51-15) P. corymbifera Muell. Arg. (45-3) P. leucophaea Poepp. & Endl. (51-16) P. crocea Sw. (45-4) P. longistipulata Benth. (51-26) P. cubitalis Standl. & Steyerm. (51-6) P. lupulina Benth. (51-16) P. cujabensis Schltdl. (45-4) P. lupulina ssp. rhodoleuca (Muell. Arg.) P. cyanea Vell. (22-8) Steyerm. (51-16) P. de!exa DC. (51-11) P. lupulina spp. rhodoleuca var. maypurensis f. P. deflexa ssp. campyloneura (Benth.) Steyerm. pubens Steyerm. (51-16) (51-5) P. lupulina var. maypurensis (Humb.& Bonpl.) P. deflexa ssp. venulosa (Muell. Arg.) Steyerm. Steyerm. (51-16) (51-37) P. lupulina var. rhodoleuca (Muell. Arg.) P. dichotoma (Rudge) Bremek. (51-22) Steyerm. (51-16) P. edaphotrix Steyerm. (45-1) P. lupulina var. stipulacea Muell. Arg. (51-16) P. erecta (Aubl.) Standl. & Steyerm. (56-1) P. luschnathiana Schlecht. (51-18) P. erecta f. fluctuans (Standl.) Steyerm. (56-1) P. luschnathii Klotzsch (51-18) 91 P. erythrophylla Muell. Arg. (51-12) P. macrobotrys Ruiz & Pav. (45-10) P. ficigemma DC. (51-7) P. maguirei Standl. (58-12) P. fimbriata Benth. (58-2) P. malmei (Standl.) Zappi (51-17) P. flavovirens Suess. (51-16) P. mansoana Muell. Arg. (45-10) P. flexuosa Willd. (51-21) P. mapouria Roem. & Schult. (51-18) P. floribunda Griseb. (51-18) P. mapourioides DC. (51-18) P. fluctuans Standl. (56-1) P. mapourioides var. chionantha (DC.) Steyerm. P. fluctuans var. angustifolia (Muell. Arg.) (51-18) Standl. (56-1) P. mapourioides var. opaca (Bremek.) Steyerm. P. fockeana Miq. (51-7) (51-18) P. foveolata Ruiz & Pav. (51-7) P. mapourioides var. tobagensis (Urb.) Steyerm. P. glabrescens Muell. Arg. (51-4) (51-18) P. grandifolia Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. (45-6) P. marcgravii Spreng. (45-11) P. guianensis (Aubl.) Rusby (45-7) P. maypurensis Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & P. guianensis Raeusch. (45-7) Schult. (51-16) P. herbacea Jacq. (28-1) P. megapontica Muell. Arg. (51-8) P. heterocarpa Standl. & Steyerm. (51-6) P. microcephala Miq. (51-12) P. hoffmannseggiana (Willd. ex Roem. & P. microcephala (Willd ex Roem. & Schult.) Schult.) Muell. Arg. (51-12) Muell. Arg. (51-25) P. hoffmannseggiana var. erythrophylla (Muell. P. microcephala var. tripotamica Muell. Arg. Arg.) Steyerm. (51-12) (51-25) P. homoplastica S. Moore (51-31) P. nervosa Benth. (51-16) P. inundata Benth. (51-6) P. nitida Willd. (51-18) P. inundata K. Krause (58-2) P. nitidella Muell. Arg. (45-12) P. involucrata Sw. (51-19) P. officinalis (Aubl.) Raeusch. (51-19) P. of"cinalis (Aubl.) Sandwith (51-19) P. xanthocephala Muell. Arg. (51-25) P. oreadum S. Moore (51-20) P. xanthophylla Muell. Arg. (45-2) P. oreadum var. viridis S. Moore (51-20) Psychotrophum P. Browne (51) P. ovalifolia Rusby. (45-13) Psyllocarpus foliosus Pohl ex DC. (16-2) P. palicoureoides Mart. (58-11) P. glaber Pohl ex DC. (16-2) P. paniculata (Aubl.) Raeusch. (51-21) Psyllocarpus trichotomus Pohl ex DC. (16-2) P. paradoxa Muell. Arg. (51-1) Pterostephus C. Presl (62) P. paraensis Muell. Arg. (45-14) Pubeta L. (20) P. persimilis Muell. Arg. (51-16) P. platypoda DC. (51-22) Randia L. (52) P. podocephala (Muell. Arg.) Standl. (51-23) R. calycina Cham. (52-1) P. poeppigiana Muell. Arg. (51-24) R. formosa var. longiflora (Ruiz & Pav.) K. P. poeppigiana ssp. barcellana (Muell. Arg.) Schum. (57-1) Steyerm. (51-24) R. nitida (Kunth) DC. (52-2) P. prunifolia (Kunth) Steyerm. (51-25) R. ruiziana DC. (57-1) P. racemosa Rich. (51-26) R. speciosa DC. (57-1) P. racemosa (Aubl.) Raeush. (51-26) R. williamsii Standl. (57-1) P. radians Muell. Arg. (45-15) Relbunium (Endl.) Hook. f. (25) P. rhodoleuca Muell. Arg. (51-16) R. asperum (DC.) K. Schum. (25-3) P. rigida Bredem. ex Roem. & Schult. (45-16) R. bangii Rusby; Relbunium wettstenii A. Zahl- P. romboutsii Bremek. (51-1) br. (25-1) P. rondonii Delprete (51-27) R. croceum K. Schum. (25-1) P. roraimensis Wernham (51-6) R. diffusum (DC.) K. Schum. (25-3) P. rudgei Bremek. (51-16) R. diffusum (DC.) K. Schum. var. glabrum K. P. sciaphila S. Moore (51-28) Schum. (25-3) 92 P. sciaphila ssp. longicalyx (51-28) R. glaberrimum Standl. (25-1) P. sellowiana (DC.) Muell. Arg. (51-29) R. gracillimum Ehrend. (25-1) P. setifera Benth. (51-6) R. hirtum subsp. camporum (Pohl ex DC.) K. P. sonans Mart. (45-16) Schum. (25-2) P. sororiella Muell. Arg. (51-35) R. hirtum subsp. camporum f. floribundum K. P. sphaerocephala Muell. Arg. (51-30) Schum. (25-2) P. sprucei Muell. Arg. (45-6) R. hirtum subsp. reflexum K. Schum. (25-2) P. stipulosa Muell. Arg. (51-31) R. hirtum subsp. reflexum f. glabriflora K. P. subcrocea Muell. Arg. (45-4) Schum. (25-2) P. subcuspidata Muell. Arg. (51-9) R. hirtum var. camporum (Pohl ex DC.) Standl. P. tapajozensis Standl. (42-1) (25-2) P. tenerior (Cham.) Muell. Arg. (51-19) R. hypocarpium (L.) Hemsl. (25-1) P. tomentella (S. Moore) Zappi (51-32) R. hypocarpium f. denticulata Chod. & Hassl. P. tricephala (Muell. Arg.) Zappi (51-33) (25-3) P. tricholoba Muell. Arg. (51-34) R. hypocarpium ssp. fluminense Ehrend. (25-1) P. trinitensis Urb. (51-18) R. hypocarpium ssp. grandifolium Ehrend. (25-1) P. triphylla (DC.) Muell. Arg. (45-18) R. hypocarpium ssp. nitidum Ehrend. (25-1) P. tristicula Standl. (51-7) R. hypocarpium var. alpestre K. Schum. (25-1) P. turbinella Muell. Arg. (51-35) R. hypocarpium var. incanum (Kunth) K. P. turbinella var. sororiella (Muell. Arg.) Schum. (25-1) Steyerm. (51-35) R. hypocarpium var. indecorum (Cham. & Schl- P. ulviformis Steyerm. (51-36) tdl.) K. Schum. (25-1) P. venulosa Muell. Arg. (51-37) R. hypocarpium var. relbun (D. Clos) K. Schum. (25-1) P. verrucosa Muell. Arg. (45-3) R. hypocarpium var. viridiflorum Chodat (25-1) P. villosa Vell. (51-19) R. indecorum (Cham. & Schltdl.) Ehrend. (25-1) P. violacea Aubl. (28-1) R. megapotamicum (Spreng.) Ehrend. (25-2) R. megapotamicum subsp. camporum (Pohl ex R. adscendens Pav. ex DC. (55-1) DC.) Ehrend. (25-2) R. astroites K. Schum. (55-5) R. nitidum K. Schum.; R. brasiliensis (Gomes) Hayne (55-1) R. noxium (A. St. Hil.) K. Schum. (25-3) R. brasiliensis var. dubia Beauverd & Felippo- R. noxium var. pilcomayense Hassl. (25-3) ne (55-1) R. orinocense K. Schum. (25-1) R. divergens Pohl ex DC. (55-2) R. ovale K. Schum. (25-1) R. emetica Mart. (55-1) R. relbun (D. Clos) Herter (25-1) R. grandiflora Cham. & Schltdl. (55-2) R. rupestre Ehrend. (25-1) R. grandiflora f. albiflora Kuntze (55-2) R. vaillantioides (Cham. & Schltdl.) K. Schum. R. grandiflora f. lilacina Kuntze (55-2) (25-3) R. lateralis Pohl ex DC. (55-2) Remijia DC. (53) R. pedicellata K. Schum. (55-3) R. cujabensis (Klotzsch) Wedd. (35-3) R. pilosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth (55-4) R. ferruginea (A. St. Hil.) DC. (53-1) R. rosea A. St. Hil. (55-1) R. "rmula (Mart.) Wedd. (53-2) R. scabra (L.) A. St. Hil. (55-4) R. spruceana Benth. ex K. Schum. (53-2) R. scabra sensu A. St. Hil. (55-1) Restiaria Loureiro (67) R. sparsa Pohl ex DC. (55-2) Retiniphyllum Bonpl. (54) R. stellaris Cham. & Schltdl. (55-5) R. sect. Ammianthus Spruce ex Muell. Arg. in R. stellaris f. linearifolia Chod. & Hassl. (55-5) Mart.( 54) R. stellaris f. robusta Chod. & Hassl. (55-5) R. sect. Commianthus (Benth.) Muell. Arg. in Ronabea Aubl. (56) Mart. (54) R. erecta Aubl. (56-1) R. kuhlmannii Standl. (54-1) R. latifolia Aubl. (56-1) R. parvi!orum Steyerm. (54-2) R. myodendron A. Rich. in DC. (51-15) Rhodostoma Scheidw. (45) Rondeletia capitata Benth. (11-1) Ricardia Adans. (55) R. repens L. (28-1) 93 Richardia L. (55) Rosenbergiodendron Fagerl. (57) Richardia Kunth (= Zantedeschia Spreng., Ara- R. longi!orum (Ruiz & Pav.) Fagerl. (57-1) ceae, see 55) Rubia affinis Gardner (25-1) R. acutifolia (K. Krause) Standl. ex Hoene (55-3) R. aspera Pohl ex DC. (25-3) R. adscendens Pav. ex DC. (55-1) R. chilensis Molina (25-1) R. astroites (K. Schum.) Kuntze (55-5) R. crocea DC. (25-1) R. brasiliensis Gomes (55-1) R. diffusa Pohl ex DC. (25-3) R. cubensis A. Rich. (55-4) R. glabra Gardner (25-1) R. divergens (Pohl ex DC.) Steud. (55-2) R. hispida Willd. ex Spreng (25-1) R. emetica (Mart.) Schult. in L. (55-1) R. hypocarpia (L.) DC. (25-1) R. grandi!ora (Cham. & Schltdl.) Steud. (55-2) R. incana Kunth (25-1) R. lateralis (Pohl ex DC.) Steud. (55-2) R. indecora Cham. & Schltdl. (25-1) R. pedicellata (K. Schum.) Kuntze (55-3) R. nitida Kunth (25-1) R. pedicellata var. micrantha Kuntze (55-5) R. noxia A. St. Hil. (25-3) R. pilosa Ruiz & Pav. (55-4) R. orinocensis Kunth (25-1) R. procumbens Sessé & Moç. (55-4) R. ovalis DC. (25-1) R. rosea (A. St. Hil.) Schult. in L. (55-1) R. ramosissima Pohl ex DC. (25-1) R. rosea f. albiflora Kuntze (55-1) R. ramosissima var. hispida Wawra (25-1) R. rosea f. lilacina Kuntze (55-1) R. relbun Cham. & Schltdl. (25-1) R. scabra L. (55-4) R. rupestris Gardner (25-1) R. sparsa (Pohl ex DC.) Steud. (55-2) R. valantioides Cham. & Schltdl. (25-3) R. stellaris (Cham. & Schltdl.) Steud. (55-5) Rudgea Salisb. (58) R. villosa Sessé & Moç. ex DC. (55-1) R. amazonica Muell. Arg. (58-1) Richardsonia Kunth (55) R. avia (Standl. & Steyerm.) Steyerm. (58-12) R. acutifolia K. Krause (55-3) R. cornifolia (Kunth) Standl. (58-2) R. crassiloba (Benth.) B.L. Rob., (58-3) S. xanthostema K. Schum. (60-3) R. cujabensis Muell. Arg. (58-4) Siderodendrum Schreb. (33) R. erioloba Benth. (58-5) Sideroxyloides Jacq. (33) R. fimbriata (Benth.) Standl. in Standl. & Cal- Simira Aubl. (60) deron (58-2) S. corumbensis (Standl.) Steyerm. (60-1) R. frondosa S. Moore (58-6) S. erythroxylon (Willd.) Bremek. var. saxicola R. gaudichaudii Muell. Arg. (58-8) Steyerm. (60-3) R. goyazensis Muell. Arg. (58-7) S. hexandra (S. Moore) Steyerm. (60-2) R. jasminoides (Cham.) Muell. Arg. (58-8) S. rubescens (Benth.) Bremek. ex Steyerm. (60-3) R. krukovii Standl. (58-13) Sipanea Aubl. (61) R. lacerostipula K. Schum. ex Glaziou (58-9) S. sect. Virecta (L.) Steyerm. (61) R. longi!ora Benth. (58-9) S. acinifolia Spruce ex Sprague (61-3) R. longistipula Muell. Arg. (58-12) S. bi!ora (L. f.) Cham. & Schltdl. (61-1) R. micrantha Muell. Arg. (58-2) S. brasiliensis Wernham (61-2) R. obtusa Standl. (58-10) S. erythraeoides Cham. (36-2) R. palicoureoides (Mart.) Muell. Arg. (58-11) S. hispida Benth. ex Wernham (61-2) R. scandens K. Krause (22-8) S. hispida var. major (Hassler) Steyerm. (61-2) R. schomburgkiana Benth. (58-3) S. palustris (A. Rich.) J.H. Kirkbr. (=(= Sipanea R. stipulacea (DC.) Steyerm. (58-12) wilson-brownei Cowan) R. viburnoides (Cham.) Benth. (58-13) S. pratensis Aubl. var. major Hassler (61-2) S. radicans Endl. (61-1) Sabicea Aubl. (59) S. spraguei Wernham (61-3) S. amazonensis Wernham (59-1) S. trianae Wernham (61-2) S. aspera Aubl. (59-2) S. veris S. Moore (61-3) S. brasiliensis Wernham (59-3) Sipania [sic] Seem. (36) 94 S. edulis (Rich.) Seem. (1-1A) S. [sic] palustris Seem. (36-2) S. glabrescens Benth. (59-4) Siphonandra Turcz. (9) S. humilis S. Moore (59-5) Siphonandra Klotzsch (Ericaceae, see 9) S. mattogrossensis Wernham (59-6) Solena Willd. (50) S. moorei Wernham (59-7) Solena Loureiro (Cucurbitaceae, see 50) S. villosa Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. (59-8) S. latifolia Rudge (50-1) Sardinia Vell. (30) Spallanzania DC. (41) Scepseothamnus Cham. (13) Spallanzania Pollini (Rosaceae); Schetti Adans. (33) Spermacoce L. (62) Schizocalyx Wedd. (4) S. sec. Borreria (G. Mey.) Verdc. (62) Schizocalyx Hochst (Salvadoraceae, see 4) S. affinis DC. (62-3) Schizocalyx O. Berg (Cucurbitaceae, see 4) S. alata Aubl. (62-15) Schizocalyx Scheele (Lamiaceae, see 4) S. apiculata Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. (18-1) Schloenleinia Klotzsch (4) S. aturensis Kunth (62-1) S. cuspidata (A. St. Hil.) Klotzsch in Hayne (4-1) S. brasiliensis Spreng. (62-24) Schradera spicata Spruce ex Hook. f. (64-1) S. capitata Ruiz & Pav. (62-1) Schreibersia longifolia (Spreng.) Kuntze (3-1A) S. capitellata Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. (62-6) Schwenkfelda Schreber (59) S. chodatiana (Standl.) Govaert (24-6) Schwenkfeldia aurea Spreng. (11-1) S. coerulea Pohl in DC. (62-12) Semaphyllanthe L. Andersson (6) S. conferta DC. (18-1) Sicelium P. Browne (11) S. dasycephala (Cham. & Schltdl.) Delprete Sickingia Willd. (60) (62-2) S. corumbensis Standl. (60-1) S. diffusa DC. (62-3) S. hexandra S. Moore (60-2) S. divergens Pohl ex DC. (55-2) S. japurensis K. Schum. (60-3) S. ernstii R. Fosberg & D. Powell (62-13) S. tinctoria (Kunth) K. Schum. (60-3) S. eryngioides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze (62-3) S. eupatorioides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze (24-6) S. sparsa Pohl ex DC. (55-2) S. fastigiata (Griseb.) Kuntze (24-4) S. suaveolens (G. Mey.) Kuntze (62-23) S. fastigiata (Griseb.) Niederl. (24-4) S. suaveolens var. tenella (Kunth) Kuntze (62-24) S. ferruginea A. St.-Hil. (62-1) S. suaveolens f. glabra Kuntze (62-23) S. gentianoides St.-Hil. (62-16) S. suaveolens f. pubescens Kuntze (62-23) S. glabra Rich. in Michx. (62-4) S. tenella Kunth (62-24) S. globosa Schumac. & Tonn. (62-26) S. tenuis Pohl ex DC. (62-25) S. gracillima (DC.) Delprete (62-5) S. valerianoides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze (24-6) S. grandiflora Spreng. (18-1) S. verbenoides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Herter (24-6) S. guianensis Bremek. (62-6) S. verbenoides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze (24-6) S. hirsuta Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. (55-4) S. verbenoides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Niederl. (24-6) S. hirta L. (40-3) S. verticillata L. (62-26) S. hirta auct., non L. (40-6) S. verticillata sensu Vell. (62-24) S. hyssopifolia Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. (62-9) S. villosa Sw. (40-6) S. involucrata Pursh (55-4) S. virgata Link ex Roem. & Schult. (65-5) S. laevis Lam. (62-6) S. vulpina (Standl.) Govaerts (62-27) S. lagurus (S. Moore) Govaerts (62-7) Spermacoceodes Kuntze (62) S. lateralis Pohl ex DC. (55-2) S. glabrum (Rich.) Kuntze (62-4) S. latifolia Aubl. (62-8) Sphinctanthus Benth. (63) S. latifolia Pohl ex DC. (62-16) S. hasslerianus Chodat (63-1) S. leiophylla (K. Schum.) Kuntze (24-4) S. microphyllus K. Schum. (63-2) S. linearis Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. (62-9) Sprucea Benth. (60) S. linoides Pohl ex DC. (62-23) S. rubescens Benth. (60-3) S. matogrossensis Govaert (24-2) Stachyarrhena Hook. f. (64) S. mitreoloides (Standl.) Govaert (62-10) S. spicata Hook. f. (64-1) S. mucronata Nees (62-26) S. spicata Hook. f. var. multinervis K. Schum. 95 S. neohispida Govaerts (62-11) (64-1) S. ocymifolia Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. (62-12) Staelia Cham. & Schltdl. (65) S. orinocensis Roem. & Schult. (62-1) S. lanigera (DC.) K. Schum. (65-1) S. ovalifolia (Martens & Gal.) Hemsl. (62-13) S. re!exa DC. (65-2) S. palustris (Cham. & Schltdl.) Delprete (62-15) S. thymoides Cham. & Schltdl. (65-3) S. perangusta (S. Moore) Delprete (62-14) S. vestita K. Schum. (65-4) S. poaya A. St. Hil. (62-16) S. virgata (Link ex Roem. & Schult.) K. S. portoricensis Balb. in DC. (62-12) Schum. (65-5) S. pringlei S. Watson (62-13) Stannia H. Karst. (50) S. quadrifaria (E.L.Cabral) Govaerts (62-17) Staurospermum Thonning in Schumach. (40) S. radula Willd. & Hoffmanns. ex Roem. & Stephanium Schreber (45) Schult. (18-2) Stephanium A. L. de Juss. (Capparaceae, see 45) S. reclinata Nees (62-26) Strempelia fimbriata Bremek. (58-2) S. repens Willd. ex Cham. & Schltdl. (62-2) Suteria DC. (51) S. rigida Kunth. (18-1) Synisoon Baill. (54) S. rigida Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. (18-1) S. runkii (K. Schum.) Kuntze (62-18) Tangaraca Adans. (31) S. scabiosoides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze Tapogomea Aubl. (51) (62-19) T. alba Aubl. (51-36) S. schumanniana (Taub. ex Ule) Govaerts T. tomentosa Aubl. (51-24) (62-20) Tardavel Adans. (62) S. schumannii (Standl. ex Bacigalupo) Del- T. laevis (Lam.) Standl. (62-6) prete (62-21) T. latifolia (Aubl.) Standl. (62-8) S. simplicicaulis (K. Schum. ex Sucre) Gova- T. tenella (Kunth) Standl. (62-24) erts (62-22) Tepesia Gaertn. (31) Tertrea DC. (37) Valantia hypocarpia L. (25-1) Tessiera DC. (62) Vanessa Raf. (39); T. lanigera DC. (65-1) Varneria augusta L. (26-1) Tetramerium Gaertn. (22), Vignaldia A. Rich. (46) T. sessilifolium Kunth. (22-10) V. quartiniana A. Rich. (46-1) Theyodis A. Rich. (43) Vignudia Schweinf. (46) Thieleodoxa Cham. (13) Virecta L. f. (61) T. elliptica Cham. (13-1) Virecta Smith in A. Rees (= Virectaria Bremek.) T. nitidula Bremek. (1-1A) V. biflora L.f. (61-1) Thiersia Baill. (22) Voigtia Klotzsch (4) Thouarsiora Homolle ex Arènes (33) Tocoyena Aubl. (66) Warscewiczia Steyerm. (68) T. acutiflora Mart. (66-2) Warszewiczia Klotzsch (68) T. brasiliensis Mart. (66-1) W. coccinea (Vahl) Klotzsch (68-1) T. foetida Poepp. & Endl. (66-2) W. macrophylla Wedd. (68-1) T. formosa (Cham. & Schltdl.) K. Schum. (66-3) W. maynensis Wedd. (68-1) T. guianensis K. Schum. (66-4) W. poeppigiana Klotzsch (68-1) T. guianensis var. communis Steyerm. (66-4) W. pulcherrima Klotzsch (68-1) T. guianensis var. glabriuscula Steyerm. (66-4) W. schombugkiana Klotzsch (68-1) T. longifolia Kunth (50-1) W. splendens Wedd. (68-1) Tontanea Aubl. (11) Wernhamia S. Moore (60) T. canescens (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Standl. (11-5) Yutajea Steyerm. (32) Tournefortiopsis Rusby (30) Y. liesneri Steyerm. (32-2) Triodon DC. (24) 96 T. anthospermoides (Cham. & Schlecht.) DC. (24-1) Received 03.V.2006 T. glomeratum DC. (24-1) Accepted 20.XII.2006 T. polymorphum (Cham. & Schltdl.) DC. (24-1) T. polymorphum var. macrophyllum (Cham. & Schltdl.) DC. (24-1) T. polymorphum var. microphyllum (Cham. && Schlecht) Standl. (24-1)

Ucriana Willd. (66) U. longifolia Spreng. (3-1A) U. aculeata Willd. in Usteri (67-1) Uncaria Schreber (67) Uncaria Burch. (Pedaliaceae, see 67) U. guianensis (Aubl.) Gmel. (67-1) U. spinosa Raeusch. (67-1) Uragoga Baill. (51) U. alba (Aubl.) Kuntze (51-36) U. alba (Aubl.) Pulle (51-36) U. alba (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze (51-7) U. glabrescens (Muell. Arg.) Kuntze (51-4) U. ipecacuanha (Brot.) Baill. (7-1) U. tomentosa (Aubl.) K. Schum. (51-24) U. tomentosa (Aubl.) Kuntze (51-24)