Vector Packet Processor Documentation Release 0.1 John DeNisco Aug 02, 2018 Contents 1 Overview 3 1.1 What is VPP?...............................................3 1.2 Features..................................................5 1.3 Performance............................................... 10 1.4 Architectures and Operating Systems.................................. 12 2 Getting Started 13 2.1 Users................................................... 13 2.2 Developers................................................ 51 2.3 Writing VPP Documentation....................................... 77 3 Use Cases 99 3.1 FD.io VPP with Containers....................................... 99 3.2 FD.io VPP with Virtual Machines.................................... 106 3.3 Using VPP as a Home Gateway..................................... 114 3.4 vSwitch/vRouter............................................. 118 4 Troubleshooting 119 4.1 How to Report an Issue......................................... 119 4.2 CPU Load/Usage............................................. 122 5 User Guides 125 5.1 Progressive VPP Tutorial......................................... 125 5.2 API User Guides............................................. 149 6 Events 151 6.1 Conferences............................................... 151 6.2 Summits................................................. 153 6.3 Meetings................................................. 163 6.4 Calls................................................... 165 6.5 Fd.io Training Event........................................... 165 7 Reference 173 7.1 VM’s with Vagrant............................................ 173 7.2 Command Line Reference........................................ 179 i ii Vector Packet Processor Documentation, Release 0.1 This is beta VPP Documentation it is not meant to be complete or accurate yet!!!! FD.io Vector Packet Processing (VPP) is a fast, scalable and multi-platform network stack. FD.io VPP is, at it’s core, a scalable layer 2-4 network stack. It supports integration into both Open Stack and Kubernetes environments. It supports network management features including configuration, counters and sampling. It supports extending with plugins, tracing and debugging. It supports use cases such as vSwitch, vRouter, Gateways, Firewalls and Load Balancers, to name but a few. Finally it is useful both a software development kit or an appliance out of the box. Contents 1 Vector Packet Processor Documentation, Release 0.1 2 Contents CHAPTER 1 Overview 1.1 What is VPP? FD.io’s Vector Packet Processing (VPP) technology is a Fast, Scalable and Deterministic, Packet Processing stack that runs on commodity CPUs. It provides out-of-the-box production quality switch/router functionality and much, much more. FD.io VPP is at the same time, an Extensible and Modular Design and Developer Friendly framework, capable of boot-strapping the development of packet-processing applications. The benefits of FD.io VPP are its high performance, proven technology, its modularity and flexibility, integrations and rich feature set. FD.io VPP is vector packet processing software, to learn more about what that means, see the what-is-vector-packet- processing section. For more detailed information on FD.io features, see the following sections: 1.1.1 Packet Processing • Layer 2 - 4 Network Stack – Fast lookup tables for routes, bridge entries – Arbitrary n-tuple classifiers – Control Plane, Traffic Management and Overlays • Linux and FreeBSD support – Wide support for standard Operating System Interfaces such as AF_Packet, Tun/Tap & Netmap. • Wide network and cryptograhic hardware support with DPDK. • Container and Virtualization support – Para-virtualized intefaces; Vhost and Virtio – Network Adapters over PCI passthrough – Native container interfaces; MemIF 3 Vector Packet Processor Documentation, Release 0.1 • Universal Data Plane: one code base, for many use cases – Discrete appliances; such as Routers and Switches. – Cloud Infrastructure and Virtual Network Functions – Cloud Native Infrastructure – The same binary package for all use cases. • Out of the box production quality, with thanks to CSIT. For more information, please see Features for the complete list. 1.1.2 Fast, Scalable and Deterministic • Continuous integration and system testing – Including continuous & extensive, latency and throughput testing • Layer 2 Cross Connect (L2XC), typically achieve 15+ Mpps per core. • Tested to achieve zero packet drops and ~15µs latency. • Performance scales linearly with core/thread count • Supporting millions of concurrent lookup tables entries Please see Performance for more information. 1.1.3 Developer Friendly • Extensive runtime counters; throughput, intructions per cycle, errors, events etc. • Integrated pipeline tracing facilities • Multi-language API bindings • Integrated command line for debugging • Fault-tolerant and upgradable – Runs as a standard user-space process for fault tolerance, software crashes seldom require more than a process restart. – Improved fault-tolerance and upgradability when compared to running similar packet processing in the kernel, software updates never require system reboots. – Development expierence is easier compared to similar kernel code – Hardware isolation and protection (iommu) • Built for security – Extensive white-box testing – Image segment base address randomization – Shared-memory segment base address randomization – Stack bounds checking – Static analysis with Coverity 4 Chapter 1. Overview Vector Packet Processor Documentation, Release 0.1 1.1.4 Extensible and Modular Design • Pluggable, easy to understand & extend • Mature graph node architecture • Full control to reorganize the pipeline • Fast, plugins are equal citizens Modular, Flexible, and Extensible The FD.io VPP packet processing pipeline is decomposed into a ‘packet processing graph’. This modular approach means that anyone can ‘plugin’ new graph nodes. This makes VPP easily exensible and means that plugins can be customized for specific purposes. VPP is also configurable through it’s Low-Level API. Fig. 1: Extensible and modular graph node architecture. At runtime, the FD.io VPP platform assembles a vector of packets from RX rings, typically up to 256 packets in a single vector. The packet processing graph is then applied, node by node (including plugins) to the entire packet vector. The received packets typically traverse the packet processing graph nodes in the vector, when the network processing represented by each graph node is applied to each packet in turn. Graph nodes are small and modular, and loosely coupled. This makes it easy to introduce new graph nodes and rewire existing graph nodes. Plugins are shared libraries and are loaded at runtime by VPP. VPP find plugins by searching the plugin path for libraries, and then dynamically loads each one in turn on startup. A plugin can introduce new graph nodes or rearrange the packet processing graph. You can build a plugin completely independently of the FD.io VPP source tree, which means you can treat it as an independent component. 1.2 Features SDN & Cloud Integrations Control Plane Plugins Tunnels Layer 4 Layer 3 Traffic Management Layer 2 Devices 1.2.1 Devices Hardware • DPDK 1.2. Features 5 Vector Packet Processor Documentation, Release 0.1 – Network Interfaces – Cryptographic Devices • Open Data Plane • Intel Ethernet Adaptive Virtual Function Operating System • Netmap • af_packet • Tap V2 (FastTap) Virtualization: • SSVM • Vhost / VirtIO Containers • Vhost-user • MemIF 1.2.2 SDN & Cloud Integrations 1.2.3 Traffic Management IP Layer Input Checks • Source Reverse Path Forwarding • Time To Live expiration • IP header checksum • Layer 2 Length < IP Length Classifiers • Multiple million Classifiers - Arbitrary N-tuple Policers • Colour Aware & Token Bucket • Rounding Closest/Up/Down • Limits in PPS/KBPS • Types: 6 Chapter 1. Overview Vector Packet Processor Documentation, Release 0.1 – Single Rate Two Colour – Single Rate Three Colour – Dual Rate Three Colour • Action Triggers – Conform – Exceed – Violate • Actions Type – Drop – Transmit – Mark-and-transmit Switched Port Analyzer (SPAN) * mirror traffic to another switch port ACLs • Stateful • Stateless COP MAC/IP Pairing (security feature). 1.2.4 Layer 2 MAC Layer • Ethernet Discovery • Cisco Discovery Protocol • Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) Link Layer Control Protocol • Bit Index Explicit Replication – Link Layer Multi-cast forwarding. • Link Layer Control (LLC) - multiplex protocols over the MAC layer. • Spatial Reuse Protocol (SRP) • High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) • Logical link control (LLC) 1.2. Features 7 Vector Packet Processor Documentation, Release 0.1 • Link Agg Control Protocol (Active/Active, Active/Passive) – 18.04 Virtual Private Networks • MPLS – MPLS-o-Ethernet – Deep label stacks supported • Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) • VLAN • Q-in-Q • Tag-rewrite (VTR) - push/pop/Translate (1:1,1:2, 2:1,2:2) • Ethernet flow point Filtering • Layer 2 Cross Connect Bridging • Bridge Domains • MAC Learning (50k addresses) • Split-horizon group support • Flooding ARP • Proxy • Termination • Bidirectional Forwarding Detection Integrated Routing and Bridging (IRB) • Flexibility to both route and switch between groups of ports. • Bridged Virtual Interface (BVI) Support, allows traffic switched traffic to be routed. 1.2.5 Layer 3 IP Layer • ICMP • IPv4 • IPv6 • IPSEC • Link Local Addressing 8 Chapter 1. Overview Vector Packet Processor Documentation, Release 0.1 MultiCast • Multicast FiB • IGMP Virtual Routing