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Gavin Hamilton : the Great Harvest : De La Fouille À Une Antiquité Rêvée : Un Antiquaire Écossais Dans La Rome De La Seconde Moitié Du Xviiie Siècle Marin Quigna

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Gavin Hamilton : the Great Harvest : De La Fouille À Une Antiquité Rêvée : Un Antiquaire Écossais Dans La Rome De La Seconde Moitié Du Xviiie Siècle Marin Quigna Gavin Hamilton : The Great Harvest : de la fouille à une antiquité rêvée : un antiquaire écossais dans la Rome de la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle Marin Quigna To cite this version: Marin Quigna. Gavin Hamilton : The Great Harvest : de la fouille à une antiquité rêvée : un antiquaire écossais dans la Rome de la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle. Art et histoire de l’art. 2016. dumas- 01691003 HAL Id: dumas-01691003 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-01691003 Submitted on 23 Jan 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License École du Louvre Marin Quigna GAVIN HAMILTON THE GREAT HARVEST De la fouille à une antiquité rêvée : un antiquaire écossais dans la Rome de la seconde moitié du XVIIIème siècle. Mémoire de recherche (2ème année de 2ème cycle) en Histoire de l’art appliquée aux collections Présenté sous la direction de Mme Corinne Jouys Barbelin Conservateur du patrimoine Chef du service des Ressources documentaires du Musée d'Archéologie nationale Septembre 2016 GAVIN HAMILTON THE GREAT HARVEST De la fouille à une antiquité rêvée : un antiquaire écossais dans la Rome de la seconde moitié du XVIIIème siècle. Figure 1 : Christopher Hewetson. Buste de Gavin Hamilton, Université de Glasgow. © The Courtauld Institute of Art REMERCIEMENTS Je tiens tout particulièrement à exprimer ma gratitude à Madame Corinne Jouys Barbelin, conservateur du patrimoine et chef du service des Ressources documentaires du Musée d’Archéologie nationale de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, ainsi qu’à Monsieur Daniel Roger, conservateur en chef du patrimoine au département des Antiquités grecques, étrusques et romaines du Musée du Louvre, sans qui ce travail n’aurait pu voir le jour. Leurs conseils avisés et leur disponibilité tout au long de cette année m’ont été extrêmement précieux. Au sein du département des Antiquités grecques, étrusques et romaines du musée du Louvre l’aide de Madame Annabel Rémy, documentaliste en charge des photographies, a grandement facilité mes recherches. Le temps m’ayant été accordé par Monsieur Steve Glisoni, chargé d’opération et de recherche pour la mission archéologique à Gabies, a de plus amplement amélioré ma compréhension d’un des principaux sites fouillés par Gavin Hamilton. Je tiens à remercier Monsieur François Queyrel, directeur d’études à l’École pratique des Hautes études, pour son suivi et son enthousiasme. Le personnel de la bibliothèque de l’Institut national d’Histoire de l’Art, en me fournissant aide et indications, a joué un rôle important dans la bonne marche de mon travail. Toute ma reconnaissance va à mon ami Flavio Rugarli pour l’aide qu’il m’a fournie dans la traduction de nombreux textes italiens. Je remercie enfin ma famille pour son soutien lors de l’étape décisive de la rédaction. AVANT-PROPOS L’idée initiale d’un travail sur le personnage de Gavin Hamilton germa du besoin de Monsieur Daniel Roger, responsable des fouilles menées par le Musée du Louvre à Gabies, de disposer d’informations sur l’inventeur du site. Trois axes principaux devaient être étudiés : le réseau de l’antiquaire écossais, ses méthodes de fouilles et ses découvertes. La richesse de la correspondance de l’artiste écossais m’a cependant rapidement aiguillonné vers une étude des représentations structurant sa vision de l’antiquité. De même, son activité de marchand est vite apparue comme essentielle à la compréhension de ses fouilles. De manière générale, la correspondance de Gavin Hamilton publiée par Brendan Cassidy est une source rêvée pour mieux comprendre le milieu des antiquaires romains au XVIIIème siècle. Le lecteur ne doit pas s’attendre à trouver ici des documents inédits. Il me fut en effet impossible de me rendre à Rome ou à Londres afin de consulter les archives y étant conservées. Ce travail repose donc uniquement sur des publications et n’aurait pas pu être réalisé sans les riches ouvrages de Brendan Cassidy et Ilaria Bignamini. Publications rassemblant un ensemble cohérent de documents notamment relatifs aux fouilles de Gavin Hamilton, ces derniers ouvraient la voie à une tentative d’interprétation. SOMMAIRE INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Première Partie. Gavino Hamilton, un Écossais dans la ville éternelle : réseau, commerce et aspirations. ............................................................................................................................................ 23 A : De Muirdeston au Vatican, le réseau de relations sociales de Gavin Hamilton. ......................... 24 1 : Des racines écossaises. ............................................................................................................. 24 2 : James Stuart, Nicholas Revett et Matthew Brettingham, une vieille amitié. ........................... 26 3 : « My little familly », Gavin Hamilton l’italien. .......................................................................... 28 4 : « The unsolicited friend of every deserving artist ». ................................................................. 30 5 : L’Antiquité pour horizon. Fouilleurs, antiquaires et restaurateurs. .......................................... 32 6 : Le souverain pontife et ses antiquaires, Pie VI et les Visconti. ................................................. 34 7 : Gavin Hamilton et l’aristocratie romaine. ................................................................................ 36 8 : De Naples à Venise, l’Italie comme terrain de prospection. ..................................................... 36 9 : Une figure incontournable du Grand Tour. .............................................................................. 37 B : « A non purely platonic love for old sculpture », Gavin Hamilton marchand d’antiques. ........... 41 1 : « The Golden Age of Classical Dilettantism » ? Le marché des antiques à Rome et ses fluctuations. ................................................................................................................................... 42 2 : La clientèle de Gavin Hamilton. ................................................................................................ 44 3 : La demande, le goût des amateurs britanniques. .................................................................... 46 4 : Convaincre, les ruses d’un marchand. ...................................................................................... 49 5 : Les chemins de l’exportation. ................................................................................................... 51 6 : « The den of Lions », Gavin Hamilton et la législation pontificale. .......................................... 54 7 : « I am no longer the only purchaser there », la concurrence sur le marché romain des antiques. ........................................................................................................................................ 57 8 : « A good fellow », la réputation de Gavin Hamilton en tant que marchand. .......................... 58 C : Sur les pas d’Achille, la quête de la renommée. .......................................................................... 61 1 : « A monument to myself », une œuvre pour la postérité. ........................................................ 61 2 : « The noble collection », Gavin Hamilton et la réception de ses antiques. .............................. 62 Deuxième Partie. « The most successful excavator of the century », les fouilles de Gavin Hamilton, organisation et méthode. ...................................................................................................................... 67 A : Prospection, la recherche de sites prometteurs. ......................................................................... 71 1 : Une lecture profitable, la consultation des textes antiques. .................................................... 71 2 : Un indice précieux, les ruines.................................................................................................... 73 3 : « Cava Vergine ». ...................................................................................................................... 74 4 : « The pleasing story of old times ». .......................................................................................... 76 5 : « Trials », inspection du terrain et sondages. ........................................................................... 78 B : Négociations avec les propriétaires et licences de fouille, les prérequis légaux. ........................ 81 1 : La législation. ............................................................................................................................ 81 2 : Diversité des pratiques. ............................................................................................................ 83 C : « My Caporale with his Myrmidons », les équipes d’ouvriers de Gavin Hamilton. ..................... 86 1 : « My Aquilani », origine
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