DOCSLIB.ORG

Ethnobotany. Lecture 32

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 Alexey Shipunov Minot State University November 28 – December 9, 2016 November 28 – December 9, 2016 1 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Outline 1 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Plants curing hormone imbalance Plants curing sexual disorders: aphrodisiacs Plant remedies for endocrine and urinary diseases (the rest) Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Anti-cancer plants Plants for supportive therapy 2 Harmful plants Prickly plants Stinging plants 3 Technical plants Incense plants 4 Ornamental plants 5 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins November 28 – December 9, 2016 2 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Outline 1 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Plants curing hormone imbalance Plants curing sexual disorders: aphrodisiacs Plant remedies for endocrine and urinary diseases (the rest) Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Anti-cancer plants Plants for supportive therapy 2 Harmful plants Prickly plants Stinging plants 3 Technical plants Incense plants 4 Ornamental plants 5 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins November 28 – December 9, 2016 2 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Outline 1 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Plants curing hormone imbalance Plants curing sexual disorders: aphrodisiacs Plant remedies for endocrine and urinary diseases (the rest) Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Anti-cancer plants Plants for supportive therapy 2 Harmful plants Prickly plants Stinging plants 3 Technical plants Incense plants 4 Ornamental plants 5 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins November 28 – December 9, 2016 2 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Outline 1 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Plants curing hormone imbalance Plants curing sexual disorders: aphrodisiacs Plant remedies for endocrine and urinary diseases (the rest) Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Anti-cancer plants Plants for supportive therapy 2 Harmful plants Prickly plants Stinging plants 3 Technical plants Incense plants 4 Ornamental plants 5 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins November 28 – December 9, 2016 2 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Outline 1 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Plants curing hormone imbalance Plants curing sexual disorders: aphrodisiacs Plant remedies for endocrine and urinary diseases (the rest) Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Anti-cancer plants Plants for supportive therapy 2 Harmful plants Prickly plants Stinging plants 3 Technical plants Incense plants 4 Ornamental plants 5 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins November 28 – December 9, 2016 2 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases November 28 – December 9, 2016 3 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Antiprotozoal and antihelminth drugs Most of these diseases are restricted to tropics Sometimes, control on the transmission is much more effective than any treatments November 28 – December 9, 2016 4 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Cinchona, Cinhona spp., Rubiaceae, South America Cinchonae cortex Quinoline alkaloids, such as quinine toxic to malarian parasite but in large doses also to humans Extremely bitter November 28 – December 9, 2016 5 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Cinchona November 28 – December 9, 2016 6 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Quinine November 28 – December 9, 2016 7 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Lapacho, Tabebuia spp., Bignoniaceae, South America Large tropical trees, inner bark is used Napthoquinones, especially lapachol are active against multiple protozoan diseases and even cancers; cytotoxic in big doses November 28 – December 9, 2016 8 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Tabebuia November 28 – December 9, 2016 9 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Lapachol November 28 – December 9, 2016 10 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, Compositae, China Small annual herb, leaves and stems are used Sesquiterpenes like artemisinin are active against malarian parasite, Plasmodium Non-toxic (!) November 28 – December 9, 2016 11 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Sweet wormwood November 28 – December 9, 2016 12 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Moringa, Moringa oleifera, Moringaceae, South Asia Large tropical tree with edible leaves and oil-containing seeds Contains multiple active compounds like alkaloid spirochin with antibacterial and antihelminth effects November 28 – December 9, 2016 13 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Moringa November 28 – December 9, 2016 14 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Wild bergamot, Monarda fistulosa, Labiatae, North America Prairie herb with large clusters of flowers Contains rich set of essential oils: thymol, pinene, carvacrol, antibacterial and antihelminth November 28 – December 9, 2016 15 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Wild bergamot November 28 – December 9, 2016 16 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Carvacrol November 28 – December 9, 2016 17 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal agents Unlike antibiotics, have a broad spectrum of activity Most can be taken in form of herbal teas (like balm tea from Melissa) November 28 – December 9, 2016 18 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Garlic, Allium sativum, Amaryllidaceae, Eurasia (Covered previously) Contains allicin, and different diallyls November 28 – December 9, 2016 19 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Tea tree, Melaleuca alternifolia, Myrtaceae, Australia Melaleucae atheroleum Medium-sized tree from north-west coast of Australia Oils (in form of tea) are widely used as antiseptics: contain cineole and other essentian oil monoterpenes November 28 – December 9, 2016 20 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Melaleuca, tea tree November 28 – December 9, 2016 21 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Urinary tract infections (cystitis) Majority of women have some form of this infection Plant remedies are often work better because they do not have side effects (however, they are not recommended to patients with blood problems) November 28 – December 9, 2016 22 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Bearberry, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Ericaceae, North Hemisphere Uvae ursi folium Small prostrate evergreen shrub Traditionaly used in cystitis; glycoside arbutin and its derivatives have stable antimicrobial activity November 28 – December 9, 2016 23 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Bearberry November 28 – December 9, 2016 24 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Arbutin November 28 – December 9, 2016 25 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon, Ericaceae, North America Minuscule shrub from bogs and coasts Contains anthocyanins which are suspected to be active compounds: cranberry juice suppresses urinary infections November 28 – December 9, 2016 26 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Insecticidal agents Most derived from terpenoids and essential oils Alkaloids like veratridine (from Veratrum spp.) were used in the past but now abandoned due to toxicity November 28 – December 9, 2016 27 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Pyrethrum, Chrysanthemum/Tanacetum spp., Compositae,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Études Botaniques, Chimiques Et Thérapeutiques Maud Belmont
    Lavandula angustifolia M., Lavandula latifolia M., Lavandula x intermedia E. : études botaniques, chimiques et thérapeutiques Maud Belmont To cite this version: Maud Belmont. Lavandula angustifolia M., Lavandula latifolia M., Lavandula x intermedia E. : études botaniques, chimiques et thérapeutiques. Sciences pharmaceutiques. 2013. dumas-00858644 HAL Id: dumas-00858644 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-00858644 Submitted on 5 Sep 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. AVERTISSEMENT Ce document est le fruit d'un long travail approuvé par le jury de soutenance et mis à disposition de l'ensemble de la communauté universitaire élargie. Il n’a pas été réévalué depuis la date de soutenance. Il est soumis à la propriété intellectuelle de l'auteur. Ceci implique une obligation de citation et de référencement lors de l’utilisation de ce document. D’autre part, toute contrefaçon, plagiat, reproduction illicite encourt une poursuite pénale. Contact au SICD1 de Grenoble : [email protected] LIENS LIENS Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle. articles L 122. 4 Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle. articles L 335.2- L 335.10 http://www.cfcopies.com/V2/leg/leg_droi.php http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/infos-pratiques/droits/protection.htm UNIVERSITÉ JOSEPH FOURIER FACULTÉ DE PHARMACIE DE GRENOBLE Année 2013 Lavandula angustifolia M., Lavandula latifolia M., Lavandula x intermedia E.: ÉTUDES BOTANIQUES, CHIMIQUES ET THÉRAPEUTIQUES.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Herbal Gram.Pdf
    The Arenal Volcano. Photo ©2010 Steven Foster Plants of By Rafael Ocampo and Michael J. Balick, PhD 32 | HerbalGram 87 2010 www.herbalgram.org Chaya Cnidoscolus chayamansa Photo ©2010 Steven Foster Editor's Note: In 1994, Paul Schulick, founder of the herb and dietary supplement company New Chapter (Brattleboro, VT), established Finca Luna Nueva, an organic farm, in the volcanic rainforest of northern Costa Rica. Its mission is the organic production of tropical plants for use in New Chapter’s products. A decade later, through the enthusiasm and commitment of three other individuals, Rafael Ocampo, Steven Farrell, and Thomas Newmark, along with the hard work of many local people, Semillas Sagradas—the Sacred Seed Sanc- tuary—was established on the grounds of Finca Luna Nueva. This sanctuary is now a place where a collec- tion of over 300 species of medicinal plants grows, is studied by researchers, and enjoyed by visitors. Semillas Sagradas, the first in a movement of many similar gardens to be established around the world, is devoted to preserving the diversity of local and regional medicinal plants, as well as the traditional wisdom and cultural knowledge of healing herbs. A book celebrating the plants of Semillas Sagradas was American Botanical Council permission to excerpt passages on published in 2009, co-authored by Rafael Ocampo and Michael a few of the medicinal plant species profiled in the book. Those J. Balick, PhD, and edited by Ruth Goldstein and Katherine excerpts are reprinted here with only minor stylistic editing. Herrera. Ocampo is a botanist, author, and technical advisor The American Botanical Council thanks the book’s authors on many medicinal plant projects in Central America, and Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Can Myrrh Combat COVID-19?
    IBEROAMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 03 (2020) 223-229 Journal homepage: www.iberoamericanjm.tk Review Can Myrrh Combat COVID-19? Najat Alyafeia,* aHead of Oral Public Health Operations, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: This paper reviews the therapeutic effects of Commiphora myrrh in different Received 25 April 2020 diseases. It is organized by sub-themed sections: nature and history of myrrh, its Received in revised form 08 May use in different cultures, its chemical action, and effect on virus or/and 2020 bacteria, benefits of its utilization for respiratory problems and oral diseases. Accepted 15 May 2020 A literature research for the Myrrh or C. myrrh was performed using Cochrane Library databases and Medline. Forty two papers, including abstracts and full Keywords: articles published from 2007 to 2020, in the area of interest were reviewed. It was Myrrh found that Myrrh or C. myrrh is one of the medicinal plants believed to have COVID-19 therapeutic effects in various diseases. It has medicinal properties, such as Oral Health immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, Qatar hepatoprotective, anti-tumor, anti-ulcer, and analgesic activities. Besides, Myrrh Mouthwash has also shown to have antiviral properties that help in preventing different Chemistry types of viral diseases. It noticed in the State of Qatar, sales of herbs and Myrrh Gargle has escalade since the surgency of COVID-19 cases, so is there a belief in Myrrh's effectiveness to be used during COVID-19? Studying the effectiveness of Myrrh mouthwashes to combat COVID-19 can emerge as a promising avenue in the field of research.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2012/104728 Al 9 August 2012 (09.08.2012) P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2012/104728 Al 9 August 2012 (09.08.2012) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, C07D 311/92 (2006.01) A61K 36/77 (2006.01) CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, A61K 31/352 (2006.01) C07D 493/08 (2006.01) DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, (21) International Application Number: KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, PCT/IB20 12/000372 MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, (22) International Filing Date: OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SC, SD, 1 February 2012 (01 .02.2012) SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (25) Filing Language: English (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (26) Publication Language: English kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (30) Priority Data: GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, 61/438,395 1 February 20 11 (01.02.201 1) US UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): UNIVER¬ DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, SITY OF THE WEST INDIES [JM/JM]; A Regional In LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, stitution Established, By Royal Charter, Mona Campus, SM, TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, Kingston 7 (JM).
    [Show full text]
  • Tree Domestication and the History of Plantations - J.W
    THE ROLE OF FOOD, AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHERIES IN HUMAN NUTRITION – Vol. II - Tree Domestication and the History of Plantations - J.W. Turnbull TREE DOMESTICATION AND THE HISTORY OF PLANTATIONS J.W. Turnbull CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products, Canberra, Australia Keywords: Industrial plantations, protection forests, urban forestry, clonal forestry, forest management, tree harvesting, tree planting, monoculture, provenance, germplasm, silviculture, botanic gardens, arboreta, fuelwood, molecular biology, genetics, tropical rainforest, pulpwood, shelterbelts, rubber, pharmaceuticals, lumber, fruit trees, palm oil, Eucalyptus, farm forestry, dune stabilization, clear-cutting, religious ceremony Contents 1. Introduction 2. Origins of Planting 2.1. The Mediterranean Lands 2.2. Asia 3. Movement of Germplasm 3.1. Evidence of Early Transfers 3.2. Role of Botanic Gardens and Arboreta 3.3. Australian Tree Species and Their Transfer 3.4. North Asia as a Rich Source 4. Tree Domestication 4.1. Domestication by Indigenous Peoples 4.2. Selection and Breeding of Forest Trees 4.3. Forest Genetics 5. Plantations 6. Forest Plantations 1400–1900 6.1. European Experiences 6.2. Tropical Plantations 7. Plantations 1900–1950 8. Plantations 1950–2000 8.1. Global Overview 9. Protection Forests 10. Amenity Planting and Urban Forestry 11. Plantation Practices 11.1. TheUNESCO Mechanical Revolution – EOLSS 12. Sustainability of Plantations Glossary SAMPLE CHAPTERS Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary Trees have been planted for thousands of years for food, wood, shelter, and religious purposes. The first woody plants to be cultivated were those yielding food, such as the olive. Trees were moved around the world by the Romans, Greeks, Chinese, and by others during military conquests. Voyages of discovery by European navigators to the ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) THE ROLE OF FOOD, AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHERIES IN HUMAN NUTRITION – Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal of Modern Pharmaceutical
    IJMPR 2021, 5(4), 39-46 ISSN: 2319-5878 IJMPR Amandeep et al. International Journal International of Journal Modern of Modern Pharmaceutical Research 39 Review Article Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor: 5.273 www.ijmpronline.com REVIEW ARTICLE ON MANILKARA HEXANDRA (KHIRNI) Amandeep Kaur* and Dr. Naresh Singh Gill Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rayat Institute of Pharmacy, Railmajra. Received on: 25/05/2021 ABSTRACT Revised on: 15/06/2021 Manilkara hexandra commonly known as Rayan and Khirni is an evergreen tree Accepted on: 05/07/2021 species with a long history of traditional medicinal uses in South Asia chiefly in western and central India, belongs to family Sapotaceae. The genus Manilkara includes *Corresponding Author 135 plants that are distributed Worldwide. Sapotaceae family consists of 58 genus and Amandeep Kaur just about 1250 species with morphological variation, ranging from shrubs to medium and giant trees. Brazil comprises of 11 genera, and 231 species, covering 1 endemic Department of genus, and 104 endemic species. The plant has been famous for its curative properties Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and has been put to use for treatment of various ailments suchlike ulcer, bronchitis, Rayat Institute of Pharmacy, jaundice, fever, hyper dyspepsia, arthritis and alimentary disorders. A record of the Railmajra. literature show extracts and metabolites from this plant having pharmacological properties such as anti–inflammatory, antiulcer, aphrodisiac, alexipharmic, anthelmintic, antibacterial, and free radical scavenging activity. Apart from medicinal uses, plant has high scale value because of its edible and nutritive fruit, useful wood, latex and bark and contributes substantial livelihood support to local inhabitants. KEYWORDS: Khirni, Manilkara hexandra, Sapotaceae, Rayan, Pharmacological properties.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Tree and Tree-Like Species of Mexico: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae
    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad ISSN: 1870-3453 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México Ricker, Martin; Valencia-Avalos, Susana; Hernández, Héctor M.; Gómez-Hinostrosa, Carlos; Martínez-Salas, Esteban M.; Alvarado-Cárdenas, Leonardo O.; Wallnöfer, Bruno; Ramos, Clara H.; Mendoza, Pilar E. Tree and tree-like species of Mexico: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae, and Sapotaceae Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, vol. 87, núm. 4, diciembre, 2016, pp. 1189-1202 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42548632003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87 (2016) 1189–1202 www.ib.unam.mx/revista/ Taxonomy and systematics Tree and tree-like species of Mexico: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae, and Sapotaceae Especies arbóreas y arborescentes de México: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae y Sapotaceae a,∗ b a a Martin Ricker , Susana Valencia-Avalos , Héctor M. Hernández , Carlos Gómez-Hinostrosa , a b c Esteban M. Martínez-Salas , Leonardo O. Alvarado-Cárdenas , Bruno Wallnöfer , a a Clara H. Ramos , Pilar E. Mendoza a Herbario Nacional de México (MEXU), Departamento
    [Show full text]
  • Ingenious Inventions
    Inventions Ingenious Prehistoric men and women In 1848, the Curtis brothers chewed on lumps of tree resin for pure made chewing gum from pure spruce enjoyment. For centuries the ancient tree resin. Later, adding paraffi n and Greeks chewed mastic gum derived from fl avoring to their already popular OST of us have enjoyed chewing the resin of the mastic tree. The word concoction, the brothers opened the gum at some point in our life. In M “mastic” in Greek means “to chew”. This fi rst major gum manufacturing plant, fact, people have enjoyed chewing gum- is the resin obtained from the bark of the Curtis Chewing Gum Factory. like substances in many lands and from the mastic tree, a shrub-like tree found very early times. The materials may mainly in Greece and Turkey. Grecian have been different – sometimes they women especially favored chewing were thickened resin and latex from Thomas Adams mastic gum to clean their teeth and certain kinds of trees, or various sweet sweeten their breath. grasses, leaves, grains and waxes. First fi nding relating to gum has been traced to 5000-year-old human settlements in Finland. In those distant times, many old cultures (Aztecs, Ancient Greeks and Egyptians) used several types of chewing gum as a mouth freshener and medicinal accessory. Thomas Adams was a photographer, he tried his hand at the gum business, boiling down chicle (natural gum collected from several species of Mesoamerican trees including M. zapota, M. chicle, M. staminodella, and M. bidentata) in his home. SCIENCE REPORTER, MARCH 2013 56 Ingenious Inventions Susan Montgomery Williams of Fresno, California established the Guinness World Record for the largest bubblegum bubble in 1996, blowing a bubble that measured 23 inches.
    [Show full text]
  • Trees of Somalia
    Trees of Somalia A Field Guide for Development Workers Desmond Mahony Oxfam Research Paper 3 Oxfam (UK and Ireland) © Oxfam (UK and Ireland) 1990 First published 1990 Revised 1991 Reprinted 1994 A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library ISBN 0 85598 109 1 Published by Oxfam (UK and Ireland), 274 Banbury Road, Oxford 0X2 7DZ, UK, in conjunction with the Henry Doubleday Research Association, Ryton-on-Dunsmore, Coventry CV8 3LG, UK Typeset by DTP Solutions, Bullingdon Road, Oxford Printed on environment-friendly paper by Oxfam Print Unit This book converted to digital file in 2010 Contents Acknowledgements IV Introduction Chapter 1. Names, Climatic zones and uses 3 Chapter 2. Tree descriptions 11 Chapter 3. References 189 Chapter 4. Appendix 191 Tables Table 1. Botanical tree names 3 Table 2. Somali tree names 4 Table 3. Somali tree names with regional v< 5 Table 4. Climatic zones 7 Table 5. Trees in order of drought tolerance 8 Table 6. Tree uses 9 Figures Figure 1. Climatic zones (based on altitude a Figure 2. Somali road and settlement map Vll IV Acknowledgements The author would like to acknowledge the assistance provided by the following organisations and individuals: Oxfam UK for funding me to compile these notes; the Henry Doubleday Research Association (UK) for funding the publication costs; the UK ODA forestry personnel for their encouragement and advice; Peter Kuchar and Richard Holt of NRA CRDP of Somalia for encouragement and essential information; Dr Wickens and staff of SEPESAL at Kew Gardens for information, advice and assistance; staff at Kew Herbarium, especially Gwilym Lewis, for practical advice on drawing, and Jan Gillet for his knowledge of Kew*s Botanical Collections and Somalian flora.
    [Show full text]
  • Addressing Target Two of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation by Rapidly Identifying Plants at Risk
    Addressing target two of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation by rapidly identifying plants at risk James S. Miller, Holly A. Porter-Morgan, Hannah Stevens, Brian Boom, Gary A. Krupnick, Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez, James Fleming & Micah Gensler Biodiversity and Conservation ISSN 0960-3115 Biodivers Conserv DOI 10.1007/s10531-012-0285-3 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self- archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your work, please use the accepted author’s version for posting to your own website or your institution’s repository. You may further deposit the accepted author’s version on a funder’s repository at a funder’s request, provided it is not made publicly available until 12 months after publication. 1 23 Author's personal copy Biodivers Conserv DOI 10.1007/s10531-012-0285-3 ORIGINAL PAPER Addressing target two of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation by rapidly identifying plants at risk James S. Miller • Holly A. Porter-Morgan • Hannah Stevens • Brian Boom • Gary A. Krupnick • Pedro Acevedo-Rodrı´guez • James Fleming • Micah Gensler Received: 1 December 2011 / Accepted: 23 March 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 Abstract Target two of the 2002 Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), ‘‘A preliminary assessment of the conservation status of all known plant species, at national, regional, and international levels’’ was not accomplished by its original 2010 target date and has therefore been included as a revised 2020 target, ‘‘An assessment of the conservation status of all known plant species, as far as possible, to guide conservation action.’’ The most widely used system to estimate risk of extinction, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List, provides conservation assessments for fewer than 15,000 plant species.
    [Show full text]
  • Commiphora Molmol Engler, Gummi-Resina
    12 July 2011 EMA/HMPC/96910/2010 Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) Assessment report on Commiphora molmol Engler, gummi-resina Based on Article 16d(1), Article 16f and Article 16h of Directive 2001/83/EC as amended (traditional use) Final Herbal substance(s) (binomial scientific name of Commiphora molmol Engler, gummi-resina the plant, including plant part) Herbal preparation(s) Tincture (ratio of herbal substance to extraction solvent 1:5), extraction solvent ethanol 90 % (V/V) Pharmaceutical forms Liquid dosage forms for oromucosal or cutaneous use Rapporteur Per Claeson 7 Westferry Circus ● Canary Wharf ● London E14 4HB ● United Kingdom Telephone +44 (0)20 7418 8400 Facsimile +44 (0)20 7523 7051 E-mail [email protected] Website www.ema.europa.eu An agency of the European Union © European Medicines Agency, 2011. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Table of contents Table of contents ...................................................................................................................2 1. Introduction.......................................................................................................................3 1.1. Description of the herbal substance(s), herbal preparation(s) or combinations thereof . 3 1.2. Information about products on the market in the Member States .............................. 3 1.3. Search and assessment methodology.................................................................... 5 2. Historical data on medicinal use ........................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • Aromatherapy Journal
    The National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy Aromatherapy Journal The Resin and Balsam Issue • Balsam Essential Oils for Aromatherapy • The Ancient Gift of Myrrh • Frankincense Hydrosol • Honey, Honey, Honey! • Combating the Common Cold with Aromatherapy and Herbs Aromatherapy E-Journal Winter 2019.4 © Copyright 2019 NAHA Aromatherapy Journal Winter 2019.4 2 Aromatherapy Journal A Quarterly Publication of NAHA Winter 2019.4 AJ575 Table of Contents The National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy, Inc. (NAHA) A non-profit educational organization Boulder, CO 80309 Adminstrative Offices 6000 S 5th Ave Pocatello, ID 83204 Phone: 208-232-4911, 877.232.5255 Fax: 919.894.0271 PAGE NAVIGATION: Click on the relevant page number to take you Email: [email protected] a specific article. To go back to the Table of Contents, click on the Websites: www.NAHA.org arrow in the bottom outside corner of the page. www.conference.naha.org Executive Board of Directors Editor’s Note ..........................................................................5 President: Annette Davis Vice President: Balsam Essential Oils for Aromatherapy ..............................9 Jennifer Hochell Pressimone By Cheryl Murphy Public Relations/Past President: Kelly Holland Azzaro Secretary: Rose Chard Combating the Common Cold with Treasurer: Eric Davis Aromatherapy and Herbs ....................................................15 Director Coordinator: Sharon Falsetto By Jaime Vinson Journal Committee The Difference between Resins and Gums for Chief Editor: Sharon Falsetto
    [Show full text]