Ethnobotany. Lecture 32
Alexey Shipunov
Minot State University
November 28 – December 9, 2016
November 28 – December 9, 2016 1 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Outline 1 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Plants curing hormone imbalance Plants curing sexual disorders: aphrodisiacs Plant remedies for endocrine and urinary diseases (the rest) Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Anti-cancer plants Plants for supportive therapy 2 Harmful plants Prickly plants Stinging plants 3 Technical plants Incense plants 4 Ornamental plants 5 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins November 28 – December 9, 2016 2 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Outline 1 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Plants curing hormone imbalance Plants curing sexual disorders: aphrodisiacs Plant remedies for endocrine and urinary diseases (the rest) Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Anti-cancer plants Plants for supportive therapy 2 Harmful plants Prickly plants Stinging plants 3 Technical plants Incense plants 4 Ornamental plants 5 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins November 28 – December 9, 2016 2 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Outline 1 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Plants curing hormone imbalance Plants curing sexual disorders: aphrodisiacs Plant remedies for endocrine and urinary diseases (the rest) Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Anti-cancer plants Plants for supportive therapy 2 Harmful plants Prickly plants Stinging plants 3 Technical plants Incense plants 4 Ornamental plants 5 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins November 28 – December 9, 2016 2 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Outline 1 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Plants curing hormone imbalance Plants curing sexual disorders: aphrodisiacs Plant remedies for endocrine and urinary diseases (the rest) Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Anti-cancer plants Plants for supportive therapy 2 Harmful plants Prickly plants Stinging plants 3 Technical plants Incense plants 4 Ornamental plants 5 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins November 28 – December 9, 2016 2 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Outline 1 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Plants curing hormone imbalance Plants curing sexual disorders: aphrodisiacs Plant remedies for endocrine and urinary diseases (the rest) Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Anti-cancer plants Plants for supportive therapy 2 Harmful plants Prickly plants Stinging plants 3 Technical plants Incense plants 4 Ornamental plants 5 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins November 28 – December 9, 2016 2 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases
Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases
November 28 – December 9, 2016 3 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Antiprotozoal and antihelminth drugs
Most of these diseases are restricted to tropics Sometimes, control on the transmission is much more effective than any treatments
November 28 – December 9, 2016 4 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Cinchona, Cinhona spp., Rubiaceae, South America
Cinchonae cortex Quinoline alkaloids, such as quinine toxic to malarian parasite but in large doses also to humans Extremely bitter
November 28 – December 9, 2016 5 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Cinchona
November 28 – December 9, 2016 6 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Quinine
November 28 – December 9, 2016 7 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Lapacho, Tabebuia spp., Bignoniaceae, South America
Large tropical trees, inner bark is used Napthoquinones, especially lapachol are active against multiple protozoan diseases and even cancers; cytotoxic in big doses
November 28 – December 9, 2016 8 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Tabebuia
November 28 – December 9, 2016 9 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Lapachol
November 28 – December 9, 2016 10 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, Compositae, China
Small annual herb, leaves and stems are used Sesquiterpenes like artemisinin are active against malarian parasite, Plasmodium Non-toxic (!)
November 28 – December 9, 2016 11 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Sweet wormwood
November 28 – December 9, 2016 12 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Moringa, Moringa oleifera, Moringaceae, South Asia
Large tropical tree with edible leaves and oil-containing seeds Contains multiple active compounds like alkaloid spirochin with antibacterial and antihelminth effects
November 28 – December 9, 2016 13 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Moringa
November 28 – December 9, 2016 14 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Wild bergamot, Monarda fistulosa, Labiatae, North America
Prairie herb with large clusters of flowers Contains rich set of essential oils: thymol, pinene, carvacrol, antibacterial and antihelminth
November 28 – December 9, 2016 15 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Wild bergamot
November 28 – December 9, 2016 16 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Carvacrol
November 28 – December 9, 2016 17 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal agents
Unlike antibiotics, have a broad spectrum of activity Most can be taken in form of herbal teas (like balm tea from Melissa)
November 28 – December 9, 2016 18 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Garlic, Allium sativum, Amaryllidaceae, Eurasia
(Covered previously) Contains allicin, and different diallyls
November 28 – December 9, 2016 19 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Tea tree, Melaleuca alternifolia, Myrtaceae, Australia
Melaleucae atheroleum Medium-sized tree from north-west coast of Australia Oils (in form of tea) are widely used as antiseptics: contain cineole and other essentian oil monoterpenes
November 28 – December 9, 2016 20 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Melaleuca, tea tree
November 28 – December 9, 2016 21 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Urinary tract infections (cystitis)
Majority of women have some form of this infection Plant remedies are often work better because they do not have side effects (however, they are not recommended to patients with blood problems)
November 28 – December 9, 2016 22 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Bearberry, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Ericaceae, North Hemisphere
Uvae ursi folium Small prostrate evergreen shrub Traditionaly used in cystitis; glycoside arbutin and its derivatives have stable antimicrobial activity
November 28 – December 9, 2016 23 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Bearberry
November 28 – December 9, 2016 24 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Arbutin
November 28 – December 9, 2016 25 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon, Ericaceae, North America
Minuscule shrub from bogs and coasts Contains anthocyanins which are suspected to be active compounds: cranberry juice suppresses urinary infections
November 28 – December 9, 2016 26 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Insecticidal agents
Most derived from terpenoids and essential oils Alkaloids like veratridine (from Veratrum spp.) were used in the past but now abandoned due to toxicity
November 28 – December 9, 2016 27 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Pyrethrum, Chrysanthemum/Tanacetum spp., Compositae, North America
Multiple herb species, all contain pyrethrin widely used as a spray, for fumigation etc. Synthetic pyrethrins are often subjects for increased resistance from insects
November 28 – December 9, 2016 28 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Pyrethrum
November 28 – December 9, 2016 29 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Pyrethrin
November 28 – December 9, 2016 30 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Quassia, Picrasma excelsa and Quassia amara, Simaroubaceae, Japan and Central America
Wood of these trees is normally used (e.g., for smoke) Quassinoids like quassin are not only insecticides but also anthyheminth and antibacterial drugs
November 28 – December 9, 2016 31 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Quassia
November 28 – December 9, 2016 32 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for infectious and parasitic diseases Quassin
November 28 – December 9, 2016 33 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing hormone imbalance
Pharmacognosy Plants curing hormone imbalance
November 28 – December 9, 2016 34 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing hormone imbalance Testosterone
In prenatal development, induces gender identity Generally, promotes growth of muscle system through facilitation the synthesis of proteins Growth of muscle system stimulates growth of bones Has androgenic effects: secondary sex characteristics, sperm development Regulates fight-or-flight response, aggressive behavior and overall level of muscle energy Present in both males and females in 10:1 proportion
November 28 – December 9, 2016 35 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing hormone imbalance Testosteron
November 28 – December 9, 2016 36 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing hormone imbalance
November 28 – December 9, 2016 37 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing hormone imbalance Estrogens
Group of hormones, most important are estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) Regulate female menstrual cycle Activate metabolism, reduce muscle mass, increase the level of fat storage, fasten cholesterol metabolism, promote female secondary sexual characteristics Rapid changes of estrogen levels reflects on mental health Promote development of some breast cancers Present in both males and females
November 28 – December 9, 2016 38 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing hormone imbalance Estradiol
November 28 – December 9, 2016 39 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing hormone imbalance Phytoestrogens
Plant analogs of steroids, “diet estrogens” Have both estrogen and anti-estrogen effects Soybeans contain significant amounts of phytoestrogens
November 28 – December 9, 2016 40 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing hormone imbalance Red clover, Trifolium pratense
First spotted because of effect on grazing sheep fertility Plant belongs to legume family, Leguminosae Red, 2–3 cm diameter flower heads European plant, used as a forage and naturalized in North America
November 28 – December 9, 2016 41 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing hormone imbalance Red colver and genistein
November 28 – December 9, 2016 42 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing hormone imbalance Red clover clinical effects
Genistein and coumestrol are two main components Traditionally used for treating skin diseases Now often used for a natural hormone therapy, decreases risks of some cancers
November 28 – December 9, 2016 43 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing hormone imbalance Black conosh, Cicimifuga racemosa
Belongs to butterwort family, Ranunculaceae The other name is “squawroot” because of traditional use for female therapy Traditionally, also used for curing snake bites (“black snakeroot”)
November 28 – December 9, 2016 44 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing hormone imbalance Black conosh clinical effects
Glycosides cicimifugosides (e.g., actein) are main active components Improve menopausal symptoms, also affects menstrual cycle Lowering blood pressure
November 28 – December 9, 2016 45 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing hormone imbalance Black conosh and actein
November 28 – December 9, 2016 46 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing hormone imbalance Saw palmetto, Serenoa serrulata
Belongs to palm family, Palmae Important component of Florida forests Fruits are small black berries
November 28 – December 9, 2016 47 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing hormone imbalance Florida pine flatwood: saw palmetto and slash pine (Pinus elliotii)
November 28 – December 9, 2016 48 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing hormone imbalance Clinical effects of saw palmetto
Contains multiple phytosterols (e.g., β-sitosterol) with estrogen effects Used mostly for treating prostate diseases in males
November 28 – December 9, 2016 49 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing hormone imbalance Saw palmetto and β-sitosterol
November 28 – December 9, 2016 50 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing sexual disorders: aphrodisiacs
Pharmacognosy Plants curing sexual disorders: aphrodisiacs
November 28 – December 9, 2016 51 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing sexual disorders: aphrodisiacs African Yohimbe, Pausinystalia yohimbe
Belongs to Rubiaceae family (which is rich of medicinal plants) Tall West African tree Bark is most rich of pharmaceutical components
November 28 – December 9, 2016 52 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing sexual disorders: aphrodisiacs Yohimbe and yohimbine
November 28 – December 9, 2016 53 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing sexual disorders: aphrodisiacs Yohimbe pharmacological effects
Contains multiple alkaloids, including yohimbine Alkaloid is α-adrenergic blocker, widely used as sexual stimulant
November 28 – December 9, 2016 54 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing sexual disorders: aphrodisiacs Adrenergic receptor
November 28 – December 9, 2016 55 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing sexual disorders: aphrodisiacs Mediterranean garden rocket, Eruca sativa
Herbaceous plant from cabbage family, Cruciferae Used as leaf vegetable and as a sexual stimulant from Roman times Source of digestive alcohol, rucolino
November 28 – December 9, 2016 56 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing sexual disorders: aphrodisiacs Garden rocket and “Rucolino”
November 28 – December 9, 2016 57 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing sexual disorders: aphrodisiacs Indian gokharu, Tribulus terrestris
Eurasian herbaceous creeping plant from Zygophyllaceae family, naturalized in U.S. Fruits have extremely large spines dangerous even to bicycles Important traditional part of Indian Ayurveda and Unani medicinal traditions Main component is steroidal protodioscin, increases the level of testosterone
November 28 – December 9, 2016 58 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing sexual disorders: aphrodisiacs Gokharu
November 28 – December 9, 2016 59 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing sexual disorders: aphrodisiacs Protodioscin
November 28 – December 9, 2016 60 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing sexual disorders: aphrodisiacs South Asian tonghat, Auricoma longifolia
Small Indonesian tree from Simaroubaceae family Main active components are extremely bitter (50 times more than quinine) quassinoids (e.g., eurycomalactone) from tree roots It is shown that root extract increase sperm count, testosterone level, and even anti-cancer Now widely used as anabolic for bodybuilders
November 28 – December 9, 2016 61 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing sexual disorders: aphrodisiacs Tonghat and eurymalactone
November 28 – December 9, 2016 62 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing sexual disorders: aphrodisiacs Central American damiana, Turnera diffusa
Shrub from Turneraceae family, native to southern U.S. and Mexico Native Americans prepared “damiana tea” as sexual stimulator It is shown that constituents may take part in estrogen metabolism
November 28 – December 9, 2016 63 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing sexual disorders: aphrodisiacs Damiana
November 28 – December 9, 2016 64 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing sexual disorders: aphrodisiacs Southern American walking palm, Socratea exorrhiza
Small palm from Amazonian forests Widely known as “walking plant” because it constantly develops new stilt roots whereas older are decaying Inner parts of stilt roots are used as aphrodisiac
November 28 – December 9, 2016 65 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants curing sexual disorders: aphrodisiacs Walking palm
November 28 – December 9, 2016 66 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for endocrine and urinary diseases (the rest)
Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for endocrine and urinary diseases (the rest)
November 28 – December 9, 2016 67 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for endocrine and urinary diseases (the rest) Antidiabetics
Used for treatment in case of type 2 diabetes (non-insulin-dependent) Lower concentration of glucose in blood (hypoglycaemic effects)
November 28 – December 9, 2016 68 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for endocrine and urinary diseases (the rest) Bitter melon, Momordica charantia, Cucurbitaceae, South Asia
Leaves and fruits contain triterpene glycosides momordicosides Have hypoglycaemic effects
November 28 – December 9, 2016 69 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for endocrine and urinary diseases (the rest) Bitter melon
November 28 – December 9, 2016 70 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for endocrine and urinary diseases (the rest) Momordicin
November 28 – December 9, 2016 71 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for endocrine and urinary diseases (the rest) Guar, Cyamopsis tetragonolobus, Leguminosae, Africa
Cyamopsidis seminis Seeds are normally used, they contain galactose and mannose polymers which reduce absorption of glucose
November 28 – December 9, 2016 72 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for endocrine and urinary diseases (the rest) Guar
November 28 – December 9, 2016 73 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for endocrine and urinary diseases (the rest) Gymnema, Gymnema sylvestris, Apocynaceae, India
(Covered previously) Large vine, leaves chewing results in temporary disappearance of sweet taste
November 28 – December 9, 2016 74 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for endocrine and urinary diseases (the rest) Raspberry, Rubus idaeus, Rosaceae, North Hemisphere
Tea from raspberry leaves was traditionally used to facilitate child birth Active components are most probably polypeptides and flavonoids
November 28 – December 9, 2016 75 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plant remedies for endocrine and urinary diseases (the rest) Raspberry leaves
November 28 – December 9, 2016 76 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
November 28 – December 9, 2016 77 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Arthritis, rheumatism and muscle pain
Numerous unrelated diseases, from infections to psychological As a result, no general treatment available Main synthetic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs: aspirin, ibuprofen) are cyclo-oxygenases which inhibit prostaglandin synthase enzymes
November 28 – December 9, 2016 78 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Willows, Salix spp., Salicaceae, Northern Hemisphere
Salicis cortex Contains salicylic acid Work much better with stomach than pure salicylis or acetylsalicylis acids (aspirin)
November 28 – December 9, 2016 79 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Willow
November 28 – December 9, 2016 80 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Salicylates
November 28 – December 9, 2016 81 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Meadowsweet, Filipendula ulmaria, Rosaceae, Eurasia
Perennial herb growing in wet places; leaves and flowers are used Contain high amounts of salicylic acid, “aspirin” is a derivative from old name of plant, “spiraea”
November 28 – December 9, 2016 82 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Meadowsweet
November 28 – December 9, 2016 83 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Devil’s claw, Harpagophytum procumbens, Pedaliaceae, South Africa
Harpagophyti radix Plant with extremely spiny fruits; roots are collected Contains bitter iridoids harpagide and harpagoside working well in arthritis
November 28 – December 9, 2016 84 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Devil’s claw
November 28 – December 9, 2016 85 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
November 28 – December 9, 2016 86 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Turmeric, Curcuma domestica, Zingiberaceae, South Asia
Curcumae domestuicae rhizoma Herbaceous plant similar to ginger, rhizomes are used Plant came from Ayurveda and TCM Curcuminoid phenolic compounds are active, antagonist of some inflammatory factors
November 28 – December 9, 2016 87 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Turmeric
November 28 – December 9, 2016 88 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Cucrumin
November 28 – December 9, 2016 89 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Autumn crocus, Colchicum autumnale, Colchicaceae, Eurasia
Used against gout: severe inflammation of foot joints caused by formation of uric crystals Colchicine is an active compound; extremely toxic! Also, used as anti-cancer
November 28 – December 9, 2016 90 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Autumn crocus
November 28 – December 9, 2016 91 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Colchicine
November 28 – December 9, 2016 92 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Cold and influenza
Mixture of diseases, anti-inflammatory, antiviral drugs and immunostimulants are used Demulcents and emollients used for symptomatic treatment
November 28 – December 9, 2016 93 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Linden, Tilia spp., Malvaceae, North Hemisphere
Tiliae flos Deciduous trees with insect-pollinated, fragrant flowers Active components are different essential oils, polysaccharides; some are capable to bind with inhibitory GABA receptors
November 28 – December 9, 2016 94 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Linden
November 28 – December 9, 2016 95 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Coltsfoot, Tussilago farfara, Compositae, Eurasia
Herb with dimorphic leaves and early flowering (both flowers and leaves are used) Main active components are acidic polysaccharides
November 28 – December 9, 2016 96 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Coltsfoot
November 28 – December 9, 2016 97 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Common marshmallow, Althaea officinalis, Malvaceae, Eurasia
Althaeae radix High herbaceous perennial plant Tissues are rich of mucilage polysaccharides and flavonoids
November 28 – December 9, 2016 98 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Marshmallow
November 28 – December 9, 2016 99 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Echinacea, Echinacea purpurea and other species, Compositae, North America
Perennial herb, widely used by native tribes Contain numerous glycosides and other compounds, e.g., echinacoside Immunostimulant and anti-allergic plant, often combined with garlic
November 28 – December 9, 2016 100 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Echinacea
November 28 – December 9, 2016 101 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Echinacoside
November 28 – December 9, 2016 102 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Wintergreen, Gaultheria procumbens, Ericaceae, North America
Leaves and stems contain oils rich of methyl salicylates Often used topically, e.g., for many kinds of muscular pains
November 28 – December 9, 2016 103 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Wintergreen
November 28 – December 9, 2016 104 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Red pepper, Capsicum spp., Solanaceae, Central America
(Already covered) Provides the revulsive effect
November 28 – December 9, 2016 105 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Skin diseases
Eczema, dry skin, infectious diseases, local inflammation etc. Anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and some specific drugs are used
November 28 – December 9, 2016 106 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Yarrow, Achillea millefolium, Compositae, Eurasia
Perennial plant with dissected leaves, all parts are used Essential oils and tannins are responsible for anti-inflammatory and astringent effects
November 28 – December 9, 2016 107 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Yarrow
November 28 – December 9, 2016 108 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Arnica, Arnica montana, Compositae, Eurasia
Perennial mountainous plant from Alps Contain a rich combination of active compounds: proteins, essential oils, sesquiterpene lactones (e.g., helenalin)
November 28 – December 9, 2016 109 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Arnica
November 28 – December 9, 2016 110 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Helenalin
November 28 – December 9, 2016 111 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Aloe¨ vera, Asparagaceae, Africa
African tree with succulent leaves Mixture of different components with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and other effects
November 28 – December 9, 2016 112 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Aloe¨ vera
November 28 – December 9, 2016 113 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Calendula, Calendula officinalis, Asteraceae, Eurasia
Herbaceous plant with bright yellow or orange inflorescences Oils, polysaccharides, saponins (like calenduladiol), carotenes—with anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effects
November 28 – December 9, 2016 114 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Calendula
November 28 – December 9, 2016 115 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Evening primrose, Oenothera spp., Onagraceae, North America
Used by local tribes Active is γ-linolenic acid which has topical anti-inflammatory and anti-eczematic effects
November 28 – December 9, 2016 116 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Evening primrose
November 28 – December 9, 2016 117 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin γ-linolenic acid
November 28 – December 9, 2016 118 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Witch hazel, Hamamelis virginiana, Hamamelidaceae, North America
Shrub with hazel-like leaves and extremely early (or late) flowering Leaves and bark contain tannins with positive astringent effects to skin
November 28 – December 9, 2016 119 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Witch hazel
November 28 – December 9, 2016 120 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx
Pharmacognosy Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx
November 28 – December 9, 2016 121 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Eyebright, Euphrasia spp., Orobanchaceae, Eurasia
Traditional European plant remedy Active components are iridoid glycosides: aucubin, euphroside etc., lignans and tannins Helps in conjunctivitis
November 28 – December 9, 2016 122 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Eyebright
November 28 – December 9, 2016 123 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Jaborandi leaf, Pilocarpus spp., Rutaceae, South America
Contains alkaloid pilocarpine Stimulating eye muscles, contracting pupils after atropine; used against glaucoma
November 28 – December 9, 2016 124 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Jaborandi leaf
November 28 – December 9, 2016 125 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Pilocarpine
November 28 – December 9, 2016 126 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Deadly nightshade, Atropa belladonna, Solanaceae, Mediterranean
Contains alkaloid atropine Used for medical examination to open iris
November 28 – December 9, 2016 127 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Deadly nightshade
November 28 – December 9, 2016 128 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Atropine
November 28 – December 9, 2016 129 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Essential oil plants for nose and orthopharynx
Essential oils are using as antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agents Sage (Salvia officinalis), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) and peppermint (Mentha × piperita) are most frequently used
November 28 – December 9, 2016 130 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Clove, Syzygium aromaticum, Myrtaceae, Southwest Asia
Caryophylli flos Flower buds extremely rich of eugenol Used also as a culinary spice
November 28 – December 9, 2016 131 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Clove
November 28 – December 9, 2016 132 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Anti-cancer plants
Pharmacognosy Anti-cancer plants
November 28 – December 9, 2016 133 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Anti-cancer plants Camptotheca acuminata, Cornaceae, East Asia
TCM plant Study started in the end of 1950s Wood and bark contain camptothecin, highly unsaturated alkaloid (toxic!) Active against gastrointestinal tumors of short duration
November 28 – December 9, 2016 134 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Anti-cancer plants Camptotheca acuminata
November 28 – December 9, 2016 135 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Anti-cancer plants Camptothecin
November 28 – December 9, 2016 136 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Anti-cancer plants Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, Taxaceae, North America
Conifer tree with berry-like cones Contains taxol which is active against leukemia: it stops mitosis due to inhibition of tubulin depolymerisation Actually, taxol is produced mostly by yew fungal symbiont, Taxomyces
November 28 – December 9, 2016 137 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Anti-cancer plants Yew
November 28 – December 9, 2016 138 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Anti-cancer plants Taxol
November 28 – December 9, 2016 139 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Anti-cancer plants Mayapple, Podophyllum peltatum, Berberidaceae, North America
Rhizomes contain cytotoxic glycoside podophyllotoxin Working similarly to colchicine: binds to tubulin and prevents microtubule formation
November 28 – December 9, 2016 140 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Anti-cancer plants Mayapple
November 28 – December 9, 2016 141 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Anti-cancer plants Podophyllotoxin
November 28 – December 9, 2016 142 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Anti-cancer plants White birch, Betula alba, Betulaceae, Eurasia
Betulinic acid (almost non-toxic!) is shown to have inhibiting effect on several tumor cell lines It is believed that birch canker fungus (“chaga”) also contains anti-cancer agents
November 28 – December 9, 2016 143 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Anti-cancer plants Birch canker
November 28 – December 9, 2016 144 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Anti-cancer plants Madagascar periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus, Apocynaceae, Madagascar
Has multiple effects, long believed to be a “magic plant” Multiple indole alkaloids like vincristine inhibit cell division in many cancer lines, especially sarcomas
November 28 – December 9, 2016 145 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Anti-cancer plants Madagascar periwinkle
November 28 – December 9, 2016 146 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Anti-cancer plants Vincristine
November 28 – December 9, 2016 147 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for supportive therapy
Pharmacognosy Plants for supportive therapy
November 28 – December 9, 2016 148 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for supportive therapy Ashwaganandha, Withania somniferum, Solanaceae, South Asia
Roots are used in Ayurveda from more than 4,000 years Contain different steroidal lactones and alkaloids like withaferin Effects are still under research, plant is believed to have sedative and immunostimulating, adaptogene and anti-stress properties
November 28 – December 9, 2016 149 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for supportive therapy Ashwaganandha
November 28 – December 9, 2016 150 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for supportive therapy Withaferin
November 28 – December 9, 2016 151 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for supportive therapy Golden root, Rhodiola rosea, Crassulaceae, North Hemisphere
Traditional plant in Siberian medicine, went to Europe and to TCM Roots contain rosavin glycosides Have anti-stress, stimulating and adaptogene properties
November 28 – December 9, 2016 152 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for supportive therapy Golden root
November 28 – December 9, 2016 153 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for supportive therapy Rosavin
November 28 – December 9, 2016 154 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for supportive therapy Ginseng, Panax ginseng, Araliaceae, East Asia
Extremely important TCM plant Active components are ginsenosides Facilitate metabolism, improve concentration, increase level of adaptation, etc. etc. American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) and Siberian ginseng (Eleuterococcus senticosus) contain similar compounds
November 28 – December 9, 2016 155 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for supportive therapy American ginseng
November 28 – December 9, 2016 156 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for supportive therapy Ginsenoside
November 28 – December 9, 2016 157 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for supportive therapy Gotu kola, Centella asiatica, Araliaeae, South Asia
Traditional Ayurveda plant, belongs to “rasayana” Contains multiple glycosides (centelloside etc.) which have immunostimulatory and sedative effects
November 28 – December 9, 2016 158 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for supportive therapy Gotu kola
November 28 – December 9, 2016 159 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for supportive therapy Reishi (Lingzhi) mushroom, Ganoderma spp., Polyporaceae, East Asia
Important component of TCM, “fungus of immortals” Triterpenes (like ganoderic acids) have general tonic and cholesterol-lowering effects
November 28 – December 9, 2016 160 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for supportive therapy Lingzhi
November 28 – December 9, 2016 161 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for supportive therapy Magnolia vine, Schisandra sinensis, Schisandraceae, East Asia
Berries contain lignans like schizandrin In TCM, it is believed to prolong life via increasing the “vital energy” Clinical investigations provide some support for antioxidative, brain-stimulating and even anti-cancer activities
November 28 – December 9, 2016 162 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for supportive therapy Magnolia vine
November 28 – December 9, 2016 163 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Pharmacognosy Plants for supportive therapy Schizandrin
November 28 – December 9, 2016 164 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Prickly plants
Harmful plants Prickly plants
November 28 – December 9, 2016 165 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Prickly plants Prickly plants
Bear thorns, spines or prickles Cactaceae (like jumping cholla, Cylindropuntia fulgida), many Rosaceae (like hawthorn) and some Leguminosae (like Gleditschia) Sometimes useful for “live hedges”
November 28 – December 9, 2016 166 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Prickly plants Jumping cholla spines
November 28 – December 9, 2016 167 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Prickly plants Gleditschia thorns
November 28 – December 9, 2016 168 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Stinging plants
Harmful plants Stinging plants
November 28 – December 9, 2016 169 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Stinging plants Stinging plants
Covered with “glassy”, silica-tipped hairs (like nettles, Urtica spp., Laportea spp. and others from nettle family, Urticaceae) containing acetylcholine, histamine, serotonin, formic acid or even stronger toxins (like moroidin from stinging trees, Dendrocnide excelsa, and D. moroides, same family, from Australia) Plants from other families like Loasaceae (Eucnide, desert rock nettle), Euphorbiaceae (Cnidoscolus, spurge nettle) and even Leguminosae (Mucuna, velvet beans) are similar to nettles.
November 28 – December 9, 2016 170 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Stinging plants Nettle stinging hairs
November 28 – December 9, 2016 171 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Stinging plants Giant stinging tree
November 28 – December 9, 2016 172 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Stinging plants Giant stinging tree leaves
November 28 – December 9, 2016 173 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Stinging plants Moroidin
November 28 – December 9, 2016 174 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Stinging plants Desert rock nettle
November 28 – December 9, 2016 175 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Stinging plants Spurge nettle
November 28 – December 9, 2016 176 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Stinging plants Velvet beans
November 28 – December 9, 2016 177 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Stinging plants Poisonous plants
Allergic like poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans from Anacardiaceae, rich of urushiol) Phototoxic like giant hogweed (Heracleum spp. from Umbelliferae) Digestively poisonous like Strychnos from Loganiaceae (source of curare), rosary pea Abrus precatorius (Leguminosae, contain abrin protein toxin) and castor beans (Ricinus communis, Euphorbiaceae) which both deactivate eukaryotic ribosomes, and most poisonous U.S. plant water hemlock (Cicuta spp., Umbelliferae, contains terpene cicutoxin which blocks GABA receptors) Almost all Solanaceae and Ranunculaceae are poisonous
November 28 – December 9, 2016 178 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Stinging plants Rosary pea
November 28 – December 9, 2016 179 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Stinging plants Water hemlock
November 28 – December 9, 2016 180 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Stinging plants Cicutoxin
November 28 – December 9, 2016 181 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Stinging plants Parasitic plants
Half-parasites (like root half-parasite Comandra, bastard toad-flax or stem half-parasite mistletoe) have chlorophyll, mycoparasites (like Pterospora) interact with fungi Full parasites: root (like Pholisma), or internal (only flowers will appear on surface, like Pilostyles) Full stem parasites dodder (Cuscuta spp., Convolvulaceae) and Cassytha (Lauraceae) are harmful for many cultivated plants, especially from legume and aster families
November 28 – December 9, 2016 182 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Stinging plants Bastard toadflax
November 28 – December 9, 2016 183 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Stinging plants Pterospora
November 28 – December 9, 2016 184 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Stinging plants Pholisma
November 28 – December 9, 2016 185 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Stinging plants Pilostyles
November 28 – December 9, 2016 186 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Stinging plants Dodder
November 28 – December 9, 2016 187 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Stinging plants Cassytha
November 28 – December 9, 2016 188 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Stinging plants Weeds
Plants which interfere in agro-ecosystems In North Dakota, most noxious native weeds are common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia from Compositae) and different milkweeds (Asclepias spp. from Apocynaceae); first is also highly allergic, seconds are poisonous.
November 28 – December 9, 2016 189 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Stinging plants Common ragweed
November 28 – December 9, 2016 190 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Stinging plants Milkweed
November 28 – December 9, 2016 191 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Stinging plants Invasive plants
Invasive plants are normally not harmful in their native range, but in exotic range they start to spread uncontrollably Nice reciprocal examples are spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) and boxelder (Acer negundo) in Eurasia and North America Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) is the most problematic invasive plant in North Dakota Despite of numerous hypotheses formulated (e.g., presence of symbionts, epigenetic evolution), the reason of invasiveness is still not known
November 28 – December 9, 2016 192 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Stinging plants Invasive vs. native knapweed
November 28 – December 9, 2016 193 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Harmful plants Stinging plants Invasive weed: leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula, Euphorbiaceae, East Europe
November 28 – December 9, 2016 194 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Forage plants
Need to contain balanced diet: not only carbohydrates, but also proteins, fats and vitamins Most important are different Gramineae (like oats, corn and sorghum) and Leguminosae (like clovers, vetches and alfalfa) Green parts of grasses are most often used as silage—fermented (with Lactobacillus plantarum) cellulose
November 28 – December 9, 2016 195 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Silage
November 28 – December 9, 2016 196 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Alfalfa, Medicago sativa, Leguminosae, Eurasia
Root nodules contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria, providing plant with nitrogen Up to 12 harvests a year High in proteins, vitamins C, K, E and some B
November 28 – December 9, 2016 197 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Alfalfa pollination
November 28 – December 9, 2016 198 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Lumber, paper and basket plants
Mostly trees which give hardwood (rosids/asterids) and softwood (conifers) For the paper, birch (Betula spp.) bark was used by ancient Russians and Ojibwe people (“Wiigwaasabak”), papyrus sedge (Cyperus papyrus, Cyperaceae) was used in ancient Egypt, and pulpwood is used now For baskets and similar things (like bast shoes), gourd (Lagenaria spp.) fruits, birch and linden (Tilia spp.) bark and willow (Salix spp.) twigs were used most frequently in our latitudes
November 28 – December 9, 2016 199 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Russian and Ojibwe bark documents
November 28 – December 9, 2016 200 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Bast shoes
November 28 – December 9, 2016 201 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Baskets
November 28 – December 9, 2016 202 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Hybrid poplar, Populus deltoides hybrids, Salicaceae, North America
Sometimes referred as Populus ×euroamericana One of the fastest growing trees Accept wide range of soils, but require moist habitats, with high water level in soil Used for making pulpwood
November 28 – December 9, 2016 203 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Hybrid poplar plantation
November 28 – December 9, 2016 204 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Cork oak, Quercus suber, Fagaceae, Mediterranean
Evergreen oak with extremely thick cork Used mostly for stoppers in wine bottles and in chemical labs Main producer is Portugal
November 28 – December 9, 2016 205 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Cork oak
November 28 – December 9, 2016 206 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Bamboos, Gramineae, East Asia (mostly)
Subfamily of grasses, Bambusoideae Woody but temporary stems, plants often monocarpic Resistant to fungi and termites
November 28 – December 9, 2016 207 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Bamboo house
November 28 – December 9, 2016 208 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Fiber plants
Normally, bast (phloem) is used for fibers Most important stem fibers are flax (Linim usitatissimum), jute (Corchorus spp., Malvaceae, South Asia) and hemp (Cannabis sativa); fruit fibers are cotton, coir (outer part of coconut, Cocos nucifera) and kapok (Ceiba pentandra, Malvaceae, Central America); leaf fibers are abaka (Musa textilis, Musaceae, Philippines), sisal (Agave sisalana, Asparagaceae, Mexico), snake plant (Sanseviera spp., Asparagaceae, Africa) and New Zealand flax (Phormium tenax, Xnanthorrhoeaceae) Native Americans used “Indian hemp” (Apocynum cannabinum) stems
November 28 – December 9, 2016 209 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Kapok
November 28 – December 9, 2016 210 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Indian “hemp”
November 28 – December 9, 2016 211 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Cotton, Gossypium spp., Malvaceae, West Asia
Several species which were domesticated independently in Old and New Worlds, now the most cultivated species is American Gossypium hirsutum Requires high temperatures, humidity and (for best result) manual harvesting Biggest producers are China, India and U.S.
November 28 – December 9, 2016 212 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Vegetable lamb of Tartary
November 28 – December 9, 2016 213 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Cotton
November 28 – December 9, 2016 214 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Dye plants
Most of these cultures are declined after invention of artifical dyes in 1920s Examples are: “bloodwood” Haematoxylum campechianum (Leguminosae, Central America, red haematoxylin); achiote Bixa orellana (Bixaceae, South America, yellow annatto), true indigo Indigofera tinctoria (Leguminosae, blue indigotin), safflower and others.
November 28 – December 9, 2016 215 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Achiote fruits
November 28 – December 9, 2016 216 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants True indigo
November 28 – December 9, 2016 217 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Cochineal, Dactylopius coccus/Homoptera + Opuntia spp./Cactaceae, North America
Almost unique combinational culture of scale insect and opuntia (similar to mulberry/silkworm): cultivated ecosystem For several centuries, have been Mexican most valued export Insect produces carminic acid Another similar “combination” is kermes scale insect (Kermes spp., Homoptera) and Kermes oak (Quercus coccifera) in Mediterranean which used to produce crimson dye.
November 28 – December 9, 2016 218 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Cochineal
November 28 – December 9, 2016 219 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Latex plants
Latex is a stable dispersion (emulsion) of polymer (mostly terpenes) microparticles Occur in many plants, but frequently used only several species, e.g., guayule Parthenium argentatum (Compositae, Mexico), Panama rubber tree Castilla elastica (Moraceae, Central America), little elastic and bio-inert Gutta-percha Palaquium spp. (Sapotaceae, South Asia), chewing gum tree Manilkara chicle (Sapotaceae, Central America)
November 28 – December 9, 2016 220 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis, Euphorbiaceae
Large tropical tree originated in Amazonian but cultivated mainly in Southeastern Asia Natural rubber is extremely elastic but fragile at low temperatures In 1839, Charles Goodyear invented vulcanization (hyper-polymerization with sulfur)
November 28 – December 9, 2016 221 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Para rubber tree
November 28 – December 9, 2016 222 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Incense plants
Technical plants Incense plants
November 28 – December 9, 2016 223 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Incense plants Incense plants (ceremonial odors)
Used in many religions, most often in Eastern Christian churches, Hindu and Buddhism Multiple plants with essential oils, plus some specific species like myrrh Commiphora myrrha (Burseraceae, West Asia), styrax Sryrax benzoin (Styracaceae, West Asia) and sandalwood Santalum spp. (Santalaceae, Old World tropics)
November 28 – December 9, 2016 224 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Incense plants Incense stick in Buddhist temple
November 28 – December 9, 2016 225 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Incense plants Sandalwood cultivation
November 28 – December 9, 2016 226 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Incense plants Frankincense, Boswellia sacra, Burseraceae, Africa
Aromatic resin from Boswellia trees Burning of frankincense came from ancient Egypt to Hebrew church and then to Christian churches Contains a complicated set of terpenes which have also medicinal effects
November 28 – December 9, 2016 227 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Incense plants Frankincense tree
November 28 – December 9, 2016 228 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Technical plants Incense plants Frankincense in church
November 28 – December 9, 2016 229 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Ornamental plants Indoor plants
Should be adapted for dry and relatively dark conditions
November 28 – December 9, 2016 230 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Ornamental plants Some groups of indoor plants
Cacti and other succulents Orchidaceae: tropical orchids; Phalaenopsis is one of the most frequently cultivated Bromeliaceae: South American bromeliads; Cryptanthus, Neoregelia and Guzmania are frequently cultivated Begonia from Begoniaceae, all tropics, is extremely shade-tolerant (and also ferns) Many ornamentals (indoor or outdoor) are variegated plants: induced variegation or naturally pigmented leaves
November 28 – December 9, 2016 231 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Ornamental plants Begonia
November 28 – December 9, 2016 232 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Ornamental plants Neoregelia, naturally variegated
November 28 – December 9, 2016 233 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Ornamental plants Rubber ficus (Ficus elastica, Moraceae, Old Word tropics), variegated mutant
November 28 – December 9, 2016 234 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Ornamental plants Bonsai
Specific way of cultivation resulted in dwarf plants Variety of temperate tree species used, cultivation is in-house but outdoor (in patio) Specific techniques are: leaf trimming, stem pruning and wiring, use stony substrate and small pots
November 28 – December 9, 2016 235 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Ornamental plants Bonsai pine
November 28 – December 9, 2016 236 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Ornamental plants Cut plants
Cultivated throughout the year in greenhouses and/or open grounds, then cut Forcing of flowering is needed for most cases (hormones, temperature, day length, selection)
November 28 – December 9, 2016 237 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Ornamental plants Most frequent cut plants
Rose: Rosa spp., Rosaceae, China Carnation: Dianthus caryophyllus, Caryophyllaceae, Mediterranean Lily: Lilim spp., North Hemisphere Chrysanthemum: Chrysanthemum ×koreanum, Compositae, East Asia Gerbera hybrids: Gerbera, Compositae, South Africa
November 28 – December 9, 2016 238 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Ornamental plants Carnation
November 28 – December 9, 2016 239 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Ornamental plants Gerbera
November 28 – December 9, 2016 240 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Ornamental plants Outdoor annuals and perennials
Plants from diverse families Annuals should (like petunia, Petunia hybrida, Solanaceae, South America) be fast-growing Biennials like pansy (Viola x wittrockiana, Violaceae, Europe) produce vegetative part in the first year Perennials normally have underground rhizomes (like peony, Paeonia spp., Paeoniaceae, East Asia) or bulbs (like daffonlids, Narcissus spp., Mediterranean), often wintering indoor (like geraniums, Pelargonia spp., Geraniaceae, South Africa) Traditionally, flowering shrubs like roses, lilacs (Syringa spp., Oleaceae) are also referred here
November 28 – December 9, 2016 241 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Ornamental plants Hardiness zones
Determined from average lowest temperature North Dakota belongs to zones 3 and 4
November 28 – December 9, 2016 242 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Ornamental plants Hardiness zones in U.S.
November 28 – December 9, 2016 243 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Ornamental plants Petunia
November 28 – December 9, 2016 244 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Ornamental plants Pansy
November 28 – December 9, 2016 245 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Ornamental plants Peony
November 28 – December 9, 2016 246 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Ornamental plants Bulb plants
Liliaceae: lily Lilium, tulip Tulipa, fritillary Fritillaria Amaryllidaceae: daffondil Narcissus, snowdrop Galanthus Asparagaceae: grape hyacinth Muscari, hyacinth Hyacinthus, squill Scilla, common bluebell Hyacinthoides
November 28 – December 9, 2016 247 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Ornamental plants Common bluebell
November 28 – December 9, 2016 248 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Ornamental plants Landscape woody plants
Trees, shrubs, rarely vines Evergreen and deciduous
November 28 – December 9, 2016 249 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Ornamental plants Conifers
Pinaceae: Picea (especially blue spruce, Picea pungens, North America), Pinus, Larix Cupressaceae: Cupressus, Juniperus
November 28 – December 9, 2016 250 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Ornamental plants Blue (Colorado) spruce
November 28 – December 9, 2016 251 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Ornamental plants Special groups
Plants for alpine (rocky) gardens like stonecrops, Sedum spp., Crassulaceae Aquatic ornamentals: ponds (like waterlily, Nymphaea spp.) and fishtanks (like Pistia, Elodea etc.) Lawn plants: Lolium perenne, ryegrass and species of bluegrass (Poa) and bentgrass (Agrostis)
November 28 – December 9, 2016 252 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 Ornamental plants Water lily
November 28 – December 9, 2016 253 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins East Asian center
November 28 – December 9, 2016 254 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins East Asian center: main food
Rice Soybeans
November 28 – December 9, 2016 255 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins East Asian center: fruits and vegetables
Peach Orange Radish
November 28 – December 9, 2016 256 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins East Asian center: sugar and oil
Tung
November 28 – December 9, 2016 257 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins East Asian center: spices and drinks
Tea Camphor tree
November 28 – December 9, 2016 258 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins East Asian center: medicinal
Ginseng Ginkgo
November 28 – December 9, 2016 259 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins East Asian center: technical
Bamboos Gutta percha
November 28 – December 9, 2016 260 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins East Asian center: ornamental
Chrysanthemum Ornamental maples
November 28 – December 9, 2016 261 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins South Asian (Indian) center
November 28 – December 9, 2016 262 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins South Asian (Indian) center: main food
Buckwheat Chickpea
November 28 – December 9, 2016 263 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins South Asian (Indian) center: fruits and vegetables
Mango Cucumber
November 28 – December 9, 2016 264 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins South Asian (Indian) center: sugars and oils
Sugarcane Sesame
November 28 – December 9, 2016 265 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins South Asian (Indian) center: spices and drinks
Black pepper Cinnamon
November 28 – December 9, 2016 266 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins South Asian (Indian) center: technical
Jute Cotton (partly)
November 28 – December 9, 2016 267 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins South Asian (Indian) center: medicinal
Turmeric Gotu kola
November 28 – December 9, 2016 268 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins South Asian (Indian) center: ornamental
Rhododendron Ficus
November 28 – December 9, 2016 269 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins West Asian center
November 28 – December 9, 2016 270 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins West Asian center: main food
Wheat (partly) Lentils Barley Oats
November 28 – December 9, 2016 271 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins West Asian center: sugars and oils
Sugar beet Olive
November 28 – December 9, 2016 272 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins West Asian center: fruits and vegetables
Grapes Pomegranate Walnut Cabbage Pear
November 28 – December 9, 2016 273 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins West Asian center: spices and drinks
Coriander Cumin Dill Bay leaf
November 28 – December 9, 2016 274 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins West Asian center: technical
Alfalfa Flax Clover
November 28 – December 9, 2016 275 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins West Asian center: medicinal
Chamomile Senna Deadly nightshade Autumn crocus
November 28 – December 9, 2016 276 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins West Asian center: ornamental
Rose Tulip Carnation Lilac Primrose
November 28 – December 9, 2016 277 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins African (Ethiopian) center
November 28 – December 9, 2016 278 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins African (Ethiopian) center: main food
Sorghum
November 28 – December 9, 2016 279 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins African (Ethiopian) center: fruits and vegetables
Watermelon Date palm
November 28 – December 9, 2016 280 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins African (Ethiopian) center: sugars and oils
Castor Oil palm
November 28 – December 9, 2016 281 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins African (Ethiopian) center: spices and drinks
Coffee
November 28 – December 9, 2016 282 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins African (Ethiopian) center: technical
Gourd
November 28 – December 9, 2016 283 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins African (Ethiopian) center: medicinal
Aloe Madagascar periwinkle
November 28 – December 9, 2016 284 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins African (Ethiopian) center: ornamental
Geranium Gerbera
November 28 – December 9, 2016 285 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins Central American (Mexican) center
November 28 – December 9, 2016 286 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins Central American (Mexican) center: main food
Corn Beans
November 28 – December 9, 2016 287 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins Central American (Mexican) center: fruits and vegetables
Avocado Squash
November 28 – December 9, 2016 288 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins Central American (Mexican) center: sugars and oils
Sunflower
November 28 – December 9, 2016 289 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins Central American (Mexican) center: spices and drinks
Red pepper
November 28 – December 9, 2016 290 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins Central American (Mexican) center: technical
Cochineal
November 28 – December 9, 2016 291 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins Central American (Mexican) center: medicinal
Quassia
November 28 – December 9, 2016 292 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins Central American (Mexican) center: ornamental
Marigold Cacti
November 28 – December 9, 2016 293 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins South American (Andean) center
November 28 – December 9, 2016 294 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins South American (Andean) center: main food
Potato Sweet potato
November 28 – December 9, 2016 295 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins South American (Andean) center: fruits and vegetables
Pineapple Tomato
November 28 – December 9, 2016 296 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins South American (Andean) center: sugars and oils
Peanut
November 28 – December 9, 2016 297 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins South American (Andean) center: spices and drinks
Cocoa Vanilla
November 28 – December 9, 2016 298 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins South American (Andean) center: technical
Para rubber tree
November 28 – December 9, 2016 299 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins South American (Andean) center: medicinal
Quina Ipecac
November 28 – December 9, 2016 300 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins South American (Andean) center: ornamental
Canna Bromeliads
November 28 – December 9, 2016 301 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins Really short anonymous voluntary survey
1 What do you like most in ethnobotany course? 2 What do you dislike most in ethnobotany course? 3 Which lab do you remember most of all? 4 Please grade (1—bad, 5—excellent): 1 Lectures 2 Labs 3 Exams
5 How to improve Ethnobotany (labs, textbook, course content etc.)?
November 28 – December 9, 2016 302 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins Summary
Anti-cancer plant compounds often suppress cell division Many supportive plants are still waiting for the scientific evidence of their effects Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and astringent compounds are most important for treating cold and skin diseases Plant quinones and essential oils tend to be antimicrobial Main groups of harmful plants: prickly, stinging, poisonous, parasitic, weed/invasive Main groups of technical plants: forage, wood, fiber, dye, latex, incense Main groups of ornamental plants: indoor, cut, outdoor annuals and perennials, landscape woody
November 28 – December 9, 2016 303 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304 The most important cultivated plants and their centers of origins For Further Reading
A. Shipunov. Ethnobotany [Electronic resource]. 2011—onwards. Mode of access: http://ashipunov.info/shipunov/school/biol_310
Heinrich et al. 2012 (or 2004). Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh. Mode of access: http://ashipunov.info/shipunov/ school/biol_310/heinrich2004_fund_pharm_part.pdf
November 28 – December 9, 2016 304 / Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 32 304