1951
CENSUS HANDBOOK
MAD-URAl DISTRICT
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT GOVERNMENT PRESS MADRAS 1953 CONTENTS
PAGES PAGES P AR~ I-cont. 1. PREFACE 2. Int,!'orluctO]'y note about the dIstrict. wIth anneXUl'es Section (ii). il. RUI'al Statistics-(InfOimatlon regal'dmg area, number NTATIS'l'ICS. of occupied houses. lIteracy, distrIbution of popula. tion by livelihood classes, cultIvated area, small PART I. scale Industrial establishments and incidence of leprosy in villages) with appendix giving a list of Section (i). villages with a population exceeding ;;,000 but 3. ".~ ., General PopUlation Pables-- treated as rural .. 66 A-I-Area, Houses and PopulatIon 14 'Section (iii). A-II-Variation in Population during fifty years }.) 9. Urball StatI8t~cs-(Infol'1llatlon regal'dIngarea, number A-Ill-Towns and Villages classIfied by Population 17 of occupied houses, literacy, distribution of popula tion by lIvelihood classes, small-1Ica!e Industrial -t-IV-Cities and Towns classified by PopulatIon with establishments and mcidence of leprosy Jll each variations since 1901 ward I!If each censu~ town and city) . . 150
A·V-Towns arranged talukwise wIth PopulatIon by PART II, Livelihood Classes ]0... C·' Household altd Age (Sample) Tables 4, "E" .']Ifmlllary Figures"y taluks C·I-Household (size) 192 C·Il-Livelihood Classes by Age-groupe \ 194 .5. "B" Economte Tables- c·rv-Age and Literacy .. 196 B-I-LIvelIhood Classes and Sub·<'}asses 26 11. "D" Social alld Gultural Table8- D-I-Languages- B-Il-Secondary means of LIvelIhood ... 30 (I) Mother-tongue 199 R-III-Employers, Employees and Independent (il) BilingualIsm Workers in Industries ,md SerVIces by Divi 202 KIODS and Subdivisions 33 D.lI-Religlon 209 D-nI-Scheduled CastE's and Scheduled Tribes 211 6, Smrtll-swle Industrw8 l'ables- I-Distribution of Small-scale Industnes by tracts 51 D-IV-Migrants-Tra.ct where enumerated 213
IT-Employment In TextIle EstablIshment" for Census D.VI-Non-Indian NationalR 218 tracts 52 D-VII-LIvehhood Classes by Educational Standards. 220 III-Employment III ~on·l'extlle Estabhshments fOl' ('ansus tracts 55 12. District Occupational Ablltract-(Abstract showmg means of livelihood grOups and sub-groupo under non-agricultural occupatIons and the number of 7. " L '. Tncidellce of Lepr08!} by LtV~lihoQd Gl(f>'3f8jor tnlulc8. 64 salf-supportmg persons engaged III th\"m) .. 230 PREFAC~
The Government used to compile and publish District Manuals for I'lach district prior to 1905. The manuals became obsolete w~thin a few years of their publication, containing as they did not only matter of a more or less permanent character such as physical characte ristics, history, religion and ethnography, as also statistical matters which soon became out of date. The Government decided to replace the District Manuals by another publication known as the District Gazetteer, consisting of two volumes, A and B. The A volume contained descriptive matter and such general figures, as might be necessary to explain the text, and the B volume contained detailed statistics. They also decided that the B volume should be brought out periodically, especially after each decertmal census. Between 1905 and 1927 A volumes for thirteen districts were published. In 1927 th~y were discontinued. B volumes for all the districts were published between 1906 a:qd 1915. They were continued to be published even after the 1931 census. They were not published after the 1941 censml . . Village Statistics, containing the results of the census for every village in the State, were first compiled and published in 1872, at the instance of Mr. C. E. Gover, who was then the Census Officer in Madras. His successor, in 1882, considered that this pUblication led to needless expenditure and trouble in printing the tables villagewar, but the Government decided that the Village Statistics should continue to be published. The practice of issuing Village Statistics at every census was followed subsequently. The Village Statistics merely showed the number of occupied houses and population of each village and town by religions.
The idea of preparing the present volume, viz., the District Census Handbook for each district was put forward by Sri R. A. Gopalaswami, I.C.S., Registrar-General, India, and ex-officio Census Commissioner of India, as part of a plan intended to secure an effective method of preserving the census records prepared for areas below the District level. He proposed that all the district census tables and census abstracts prepared during the process of sorting and compilation should be bound together in a single manuscript volume, called the District Census Handbook, and suggested to the State Governments that the handbook (with or without the addition of other useful information relating to the district) should be printed and published, at their own cost, in the same manner as the Village Statistics in the past. In accepting this suggestion, the Government of Madras decided to print and publish the more important portion of statistical data relating to the district and to preserve the rest of the records in a manuscript volume for any future use, to which they may be put.
2. The statistical data embodied in the pistrict Census Handbook have to be understood from the background of ~he changes jntrQduced in the 19$1 census. The most important and fundamental change introduc,ed in the 1951 pensus consists in tpe substitution of an economic classification of the people for the classification based on Religion and Communities ii adopted in the past. The people were divided into two broad livelihood categories, the Agricultural and the non-Agricultural. Four agricultural classes and four non-agricultural classes were prescribed as shown below :- Agricultural Glasses- 1. Cultivators of land, wholly or mainly owned, and their dependants. II. Cultivators of land, wholly or mainly unowned, and their dependants: III. Cultivating labourers and their dependants. IV Non-cultivating owners of land, agricultural rent receivers and their depen- dants. N on-Agricu 1tural Olasses- Persons (including their dependants) who derive their principal means of livelihood from- V. Production other than cultivation, VI. Commerce, VII. Transport, and VIII. Other services and miscellaneous sources. Each of the above eight livelihood classes were divided into three sub-classes with reference to their economic status as below :- (i) Self-supporting persons, (ii) Non-earning dependants, and (iii) Earning dependants. These livelihood sub-classes have been defined in detail in the fly-leaf notes attached to Economic Table B-1 included in this Handbook. AU non-earning dependants are economically passive, all earning dependants are economical y semi-aQtive. All self-supporting persons are ordinarily economically acti'Ve but the classes and groups specified below constitute an exception to this rule- (1) Self-supporting persons of Agricultural Class IV, (2) Self-supporting persons of Livelihood Class VIII, who derive their principal means of livelihood from any source other than through economic activity, viz.- (a) Non-working owners of non-agricultural property; (b) Pensioners and remittance holders; (c) Persons living on charity and other persons with unproductive occupations; and (d) Inmates of penal institutions and asylums. Economically active persons engaged in cultivation are either cultivators or cultivating labourers. Economic Table B-1 gives particulars of the population classified according to the eight livelihood classes and the three sub-classes mentioned above. Economically active persons engaged in industries and services have been classified with reference to the nature of the commodity produced or service performed. They are further divided into three sections, viz., Employers, Employees and Independent Workers. iii
Economic Table B-III gives particulars of the economically active persons classified under the divisions and subdivisions of industries and services of the Indian Census Economic Classification Scheme.
Table C-I, included in this Handbook covers the population of sample households and Tables C-11 and C-IV cover a 10 per cent sample ·population. The method adopted for -extracting these samples has been described in detail in the fly-leaf notes attached to the relevant tables.
3. Scheme oj the Census Handbook.-The Handbook has been divided into two parts: Part I consists of three sections, namely, Section (i) containing the General Population tables (A-series), the Economic Tables (B-series), Summary figures for Taluks (Table E), Tables I, II and III relating to Small Scale Industrial Establishments and Table L showing the Incidence of Leprosy, Section (ii) containing the Rural Statistics, and Section (iii) containing the Urban statistics, and Part II containing the Household (size) Table C-l, and Tables showing Livelihood Classes and Literacy by Age-groups (C-II and C-IV), the Social and {jultural Tables (D-series) and an abstract of non-agricultural occupations in the district. Among the tables included in the Handbook, Table A-IV-Towns classified by population with variations since 1901, Economic Table B-II-Secondary means of Livelihood under each livelihood class and Table C-II-Livelihood classes by age groups furnish information at the district level. The other population tables in the A-series, the summary figures for Taluks (Table E) and the infirmity (Table L) showing the incidence of leprosy furnish infor. mation for each taluk in the district with a district total. The rural statistics in Part 1- Section (ii) furnish basic information in respect of every village and town arranged accord ing to census tracts. In addition to the total population of the villages, and its distribution -among the eight livelihood classes, information regarding the number of literates, the culti vated area, the number of small scale industrial establishments under categories, textile and non-textile and the number of leprosy cases and doubtful cases has been included.
The urban statistics in Part I Section (iii) furnish similar information except that relating to cultivated area in respect of every unit classified as city or census town in the district with ward-wise data. All other tables included in the Handbook provide information for units called census tracts with totals for the district.
4. Census Tracts.-A distinctive feature of the census statistics is its rural/urban break. up designed with a view to compare the conditions and characteristics of the rural and urban population The rural areas of each district were therefore kept distinct from the urban areas. For facilitating tabulation these areas were divided into a number of rural and urban tracts. As far as possible, the rural area in each taluk was constituted into a single rural tract. In a few cases however where the taluks were small in size with reference to their population, the rural areas of more than one taluk were taken together as a single rural tract. The urban tracts have been formed out of areas declared as cities and census t.owns in each district. Every city was treated as a separate tract. Towns other than -cities were grouped together to fonn non-city urban tracts. Wherever possible, the town!'! in each taluk were constituted into a single non· city urban tract. In cases where the towns in a taluk had a population ofleRs than 50,000 the towns in more than one taluk were grouped iv
together to form a non-city urban tr;tpt. All th~ rural tracts in the State hf1,ve been assigned numbers in one series, the non-city urban tracts in another series and the city tracts in a third serie~. In all the tables where the data have been furnished for tracts, the tracts have been denoted by numbers that have been assigned to them. A list of tracts into which the district has been divided and the areas comprised in each is furnished in the fly-leaf note to economic Table B-1 relating to the district. The districts, taluks and villages mentioned in the Tables and Abstracts have been shown along with the census location code numbers assigned to them for purposes of census operations. The numbers given to the Tables in this publication correspond to those given in the State Census Report. Elaborate notes explaining the scheme of each Table have been introQluced in the fly -leaf attached to each with a view to enable the reader to get a precise idea of the data furnished in the Table.
I 5. Tables relating to Small-scale lndustries.-In the year 1950 a census of Small-scale Industries was instituted under the orders of the Government. The object was to g{lt some
idea aboutI small industries such as cottage and home industries, small establish~ents , workshops, etc., where articles were produced, repaired or otherwise treated for sale, use or disposal and small mines. The enquiry was confined to establishments to which Ithe Factories Act was not applicable. Indi.iduals who worked on their own and did ~10t employ other peeple were left out of account. Fro~ the data collected three Tables were prepared and they have been included in the Handbook. Information giving villagewise and wardwise information for Small Scale Industries have been incorporated in the rural and urban statistics. The details collected and embodied in the Tables are not to be consi dered accurate or exhaustive, as the enumeration staff employed had not been trained for the purpose and some cases of under~enumeration were noticed. However, the figures given in the Tables may be sufficient to give an insight into the nature of the industries prevalent in the different parts of the district.
6. Opportunity has been taken to put in a short introductory note detailing the salient points connected with the district, such as the physical features, climate, rainfall, irrigation and drainage facilities, roads and other communications, crop statistics, education, indus tries and other matters of general interest. The information contained in the introductory note is based on the materials furnished by Collectors of districts and Departments of Govern ment. The District Gazetteer was also freely referred to. The relevant paragraph of the ~951 C~rums Report discussing the growth of popUlation in the district has also been incorporated in the proper place. A district map showing taluk boundaries, physical features, important roads and places with a population exceeding 5,000 is also attached. .
, It is hoped that this Handbook will serve as a book of reference on matters relating to. the district and that it will be found useful both by Depa~ments of Government and the public. J. I. ARPUTHANATHAN, Superintendent oj Oen8U8 Operations, Madras~ COl MBA
MAP OF THE TIRUCHIRAPPALLI MADURAI DISTRIOT ~, ~' Scale linch=: 9Miles 10' 30
REFERENCE
Diltrict bead qUlrlell (underlined thus) = '
Division head quatlell
Tahiildar'sbead qullten IJ
Deputy l'I~~ldlr's head quarlers II
Towns I TEVARAM
Villtges above 5OC(l inhabitlnts • Virapandi
]listricl boundlry
Taiuk boundary
RliI~lY Ifne with Station (Metre gluse) ~
Ni I ,1001 IR'18 b ways With ' IDle'I srone ...... _)!O (Proposed) Stulo Higbway! with mile stone -,.,-I! MajorD~tricl !'.lad -- Other District Bold _._-- Riverwith stream ~ .\wlm~~~~ VertiCil hills (Ipprolilftale) ~JjJ.W}!!~ •
OtherVilllges Ye!i41kU
1~e LaniHull! IlIl!flrr~11 to t~e Gmnwioh Meridlu tllinl thlt 0/ Mldras OosemtarJ as 80'.lj:54'Easl.
Reg, No,70 '53-611 HIlio, 20. MADURA I DISTRICT.
INTRODUCTION TO \IADUHAI f)1~TRIC~
J. (1/) ~ITF.\'1'11)" \:'-.1) PHY;SIC.\L ('lL\R\('T~aUSTr(,s. and l:{dlllall,lthapuram distrIcts Oil it,,; east, the Hama nathapuram ciist,rict on its south, the United State The Madurai (h,,;trict lies between n° :W' and 10° .')0' of Tra \'ancore and Cochin and the C'oimbatorc district ot the nortlw['Jl latitude dnd 77 10' and i~' :lO' of on it" west. The district consist::; of eight taluks the eastern lonf!itude. and has ('oim hatore aud f'ompl'if.-('(l in throe rl'V ( Dmrllgu\ S\J4 DmdlgnL Pall1l Il;?ii Palm I )III' b!!ul i KodUlkanul :Hil Kodalkullai. lXtlllkkottal 410 ~dakkottal. ~Iadnral 20S -'{",dural. \fac!llrtll { ~Ipllll 4H4 Ml'lur. J Tlllrwn.)ngalalll -; .. ~ I 'fhirtnnanga tanl. tr",lllmp"tt, l_l'l'l'lyakulam I, I 0(, Pt·l'lynkulam. Total 4.869 TIll' lli"trl('( ll1.l \. he dinded into tin' natural the High Wavy. To the ('a,;t, of the High \ra\"'y divil'l]o)1", namely (I) th(' Hilly region". \~) tIw ('UIll mountains a range called the Varllshanadu and the bum \·alley. (:1) tho 111,1('k ('ottOll Plain" of Tiruman .\ndipat.ti Hills t;Ult parallel to tho Cardamom Hilli< galalll tal{1k. (.J.) the DelLI areas of ;\laei1ll'ai. "'101m t()wards t Iw 110['t h eHst along tlw easterll boundary and XllakkotLli talnb ,md (.l) the Ppland Pl.tin,,; of Porivakulam talllk aml n;e western boundan' ~f of th(' n,ortherll portioJli< of :\1ellll tallik. alld tllP Tirum,{ngalalll taluk. Kot(aillulai Peak {),fiI7' foot t;)lllk~ of Diniliglll and Pailli hi,!.!h in these ll1()Untalll" forllts the trijullf'tion for tlw di,..t,riC'ts of Madmai, Halllanat.hapuram and the TIle' district h,t..; t'ollsldt,tdble )lOJ'tioll"; of II ()('cllpi(l(i Pnit<,r1 ~tatt' of Trav,Lllcol'f' and ('oC'hin. The Varui The monthly mean of the daily maximum and particulars and aotual rainfall for the year 1951 as daily minimum temperature, the highest recorded reoorded at an altitude of7,688 feet a.t the ol:Jservatory and the lowest recorded temperature and the monthly at the hill station of Kodaikanal are given below :- mean rainfall for the years 1881 to 1940 and similar 1881-1940. 1951. ,..- -'-- ---, ,..------'------. Temperature. Temperature. ,- -.. Month. Mean of Mean Meanor Actual ,---A-----. Highest Lowest ramfall Highest Lowest rainfall Dady Daily record· record· (inches). Daily Daily record· record· (inches). Maxi· Mini· ed. ed. MaXI. Mini· ed. ed. mum. mum. mum. mwn. January 62'2 46·6 76 37 3-19 61·8 46·8 68 42 1,62 February 64·1 47·4 76 40 1·53 64·9 47·1 71 42 0'15 March 66'2 50·2 80 41 1·81 66·0 60·1 70 45 6·87 April 68·2 53·1 79 47 4·82 64·9 53·0 69 61 1822 May 68'4 54·7 82 48 6'37 68·6 56·1 71 62 7·72 June 64·6 53·2 75 41 4'24 63·7 52·9 69 51 2·51 July 52·3 52·1 72 48 4·65 62·2 52·9 68 51 6·63 August 62·7 51·9 70 47 7·00 64'4 52·S 69 51 3·98 Sepember 62·7 52·0 71 48 7·28 65·2 53·0 69 51 10·17 October .. 62·1 51·2 70 43 10'24 64·1 52·2 67 49 1HZ November 60·9 49·4 71 39 10·19 61·4 51'2 65 45 9·39 December 61·7 47'2 73 37 ISol6 62·5 47·1 69 41 0·45 For ille rear 88'8 50'7 S3 37 86'48 M'1 51·2 71 41 78'13 The particulars of the average annual rainfall (e) SOILS, and the average number of rainy days in a year for The district consists of a section of the plain the taluks are given below :- stretching from the eastern slopes of the Western Average Average Ghats to the sea. annual number of Taluk. rainfall rainy days The soil is in the main red ferruginous loam or (inches). In a year. sand but black ?otton soil is found in the river valleys Palni 31-11 44.2 and south of Tuumangalam as a continuation of the Kodaikanal 66·48 107-1 Dindigul ., 29·33 46·9 fertile black cotton soil of Sattur in Ramanathapuram Nila.kkottai 30·04 47·2 district and the north-eastern taluks of Tirunelveli Melur 37·37 54·3 district. In Periyakulam and Palni taluks there are Periyakulam 30·12 52·8 TirumangaJam 36·64 47·4 patch{'s of similar black soil, The tops of the Kodai Madurai ., 33·59 50·9 Hills are covered with black soil with a dark yellowish Me.dure.i-IA. clay substratum.' The distribution· of the soils in each .. M adurai taluk: ---The Periyar channels the Nilayur of the taluks is given below on a percentage basis :-- channa.l fr~m~ th~ V aigai an~ tanks fed by them are Bla.ck clay Red loam the chlef ll'l'lgahon sources III this taluk. There are Taluk. loam and a.nd s!lnd. also some minor irrigation tanks. sand. Palni 6·5 93·5 The particulars of the number of minor and major Dindigul 2·8 97·2 irrigation sources and their ayacuts in each taluk are Nllakkottai 6·4 93·6 given below :-- Malur 0·4 99·6 Periyakulam 9·0 91·0 Tirumangala.m 60·8 39·2 Mmor Ayacut )lajor Aya.cut Madurai .. 17·4 82·6- Taluk. irrgation in J rngation ill , sources. Acres. sources ACICS•• The total settled extent under black soil in the Palm 39 2,480'77 20 7;513'32 district is 203,048' acres and that under red soil Kodalkanal 2,1~2,163 ac~es. Dindlgul 1,203 14,600'98 10 2,6I:t'OO Nllakkottai 162 4.633·39 35 14,828'58 Melur 1,623 22,882'77 Perlyar 49,844'00 U) IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE j;-'ACILITIES A~D ('hannel. Periyakulam 123 4,171'38 LIABILITY TO FAMINE. 3 18,500'00 Tlrwnangalam 249 14,265'58 26 6,961'00 The chief irrigation source in the district is the Madural III 4,30590 73 52,4S4'72 river yaigai through which the waters of the Periyar Total 3,510 67,340'77 167 1,52,744'62 are let in and drawn into the Periyar system main cannal by means of a dam at Peranai in Nilakkottai taluk and, distributed to a vast system of tanks and A maj or portion of the district depends upon seasonal channels through 12 main branch channels. Excluding rains failure of which may cause distress. the tributaries of the Vaigai and the Shaunmuga Nadhi in Palni taluk the other rivers flowing through the (g) AREA CULTIVAi'ED WITH FOOD CROPS AND district are not of much use to the district as irrigation COMl\IERCIAL CROPS. sources. The irrigation facilities in the various taluks are dealt with below :- The food crops are _p.~ddy, Cholam, Cumbu, Ragi, , 'Palni taluk.-The river Shanmuga Nadhi and the Korra, Varagu and Samai. The Chief commercial r~hlfed tanks are the irrigation sonrces in the taluk. crops are groundnut and cotton; Gingelly and tobacco Irrigation from wells is also resorted to. The wells are also grown in limited extents. The extent of in this taluk are generally much bigger than those cultivation of the food crops, pulses and commercial in other taluks. crops in the various taluks of the district in 1948-49, the last normal year for the district, is furnished in Kodaikanal taluk.--The Manavannr channel and .lfnnexure I. the'Rerijam lake are th(> main sources of irrigation. A word may be said about the plantation crops of the , Dindigul taluk.--The Mullipadi river and a large district in view of the large area occupied by the hills. m1lhber of rainfed tanks irrigate the lands in this The lower PaIn is contain groves of jack, orange, tahik. There are also a number of wells in this taJuk. lime and other fruit trees. In the Sirumalais as well as the lower PaIn is are grown the famous hill plantains. Nilalckottai taluk.--The river Vaigai and the The other crops of the upper Palnis. the SirumalaiR Periyar channels and tanks are the sources of irrigation. " ' , and the Cardamom hills ar(> coffee. cardamom, and 'Melur taluk.---The Periyar channels irrigate the ginger. English vegetables and fruits are grown in southern part of the taluk. A large number of small Kodaikanal hills and the upper PaIn is. Paddy is rainfed tanks in the northern part of the taluk supply grown in the hills by diverting streams into fields water to the small ayacuts under them. Wells in of narrow terraces decked one below the other like a wet lands also supplement the precarious sources of broad stair case. irrigation. (h) COMMUNICATiONS. Periyakulam taluk.--The river Suruli carrying the drainage of the Cumbum Valley and the waters (i) Roads. of the Periyar are the sources of supply for the wet ~everal roads lead to places outside the district. lands. Some tanks fed by the Berijam swamp in There are roads to Coimbatore and Dharapuram in Kodaikanal tal uk irrigate the lands commanded by Coimbatore district, to Karur and Tiruchirapalli them. in Tiruchirapalli district, to Tirupattur. Arf!.ppukottai, Tirumangalarn taluk.-Wet cultiyation is carried Sivaganga, Sattur and Srivilliputtur in Ramallatha on from wells and rainfed tanks. puram district and to Vandiperiar in tho United State <)f,rf~vancore and (Jochin. There are 1,Sal miles of the district. ' Their taJukwise distribution is furnii;hed ro~d's'in the district consisting of 110 miles of National below :-~ H~ghways, 67 miles of Provincial Highways, 705 miles Branch Non·com· Post and of major district roads. 178 miles of other district Name of taluk. pOst bined sub- telegraph officea. pJst offices, ffices roads, 491 miles of village roads, 14 miles of P.W.D. sub·9 • roads, and 266 miles of municipal roads. Their ta.luk Palm 42 3 '3 wise mileage and classification except in the case of Kod8oIkanaI 5 I 2 DlndlguI 105 ti ·2 municipal and P. ';V. D. roads is furnished helow :- Nllakkottal 55 5 ){elur 54 2 .... Perlyakulam 60 4- 8 i; ro '0='" ..... ->. ... ·c.., .$" 'flrumangalam 63 1 2 ~ rf) Madurai 28 1] I) Cl~ ,~ ~ oil'" oil", '['aluk. ,::...:: ... 't: ."tl ",~ 's S~ There are 136~ miles of meter guage rail\\ay of the .. The population has registered all increase of Sout.hern R,ailway in the district. 'rhe south-east line 16·9 per cent, as against 13·2 during the previous from :i\Iadras passei'> through Dindigul, Nilakkottai, decade. Except for the Periyar delta, this is a dry Madurai and Tirumangalam taluks to Tuticorin, district. Pa.Ini is a purely dry taluk, and has had a Tirnnelveli and Trivandrum. A line branches off num bel' of adverse tleasons in succession, and this is from Dindigul junction to (~oimbatore traversing refiectf'd in its low increase of :{·1 per cent. The Pa.]ni talnk and another line branches off from Madurai increase of ] 7·8 per cent in Melur cannot be a matter junction to Dhanushkodi in Ra.manathapnram diRtrict. for Rurprise, as most of the villages in this taluk are The line from .i\:1adurai junction to Bodinaikanlll' in the Periyal' delta and there has beeu migration, which was dil:>Jllantled during the last "ttl' is being into this talnk, of Jabouring dassel' from the neigh relaid. At present the ta.luks of Pa.Ini. DindiguJ. bouring drought-affected areaH in Ramanathapuram Nilakkottai, Tirumangalam and .Madurai are ~('rved district. Thirumangalam is a dry taluk and has a];,;o by rail\\ay. The district headquarters and taluk suffered due t,o the failure of the North-East Monsoon headquarters of Madurai and t.he t.aluk headquarters sillee 1947-48, and there has been migra,tion from this ofPalni, DindiguJ and Tirumangalam only are Railway taluk. of labouring classes for work and food. Hence stations. Pa.]ni station "erves t.he out agency of the low increase of 7 per cent in this taluk. Kodai Dhara.puram in Coirnbatore district. Kodaikanal road kanal taluk has shown an increase of U)'4 per cent. railway station in Nilakkottai taluk serves the out ThE' extension of large tlcale plantain cultivation agency at Kodaikanal as well as the out agencies on the hills which is a speciality in this taluk has at Periyakularn and Theni ill Periyakulam taIuk. att,racted immigrants from the plains, though the The out agencies at Periyakulam and Thelli are only European popUlation in Kodaikanal settlement has for parcels and goods traffic while that at Koda,ikanaJ gone down appreciably. The large increase of 40·2 is available for passengers selTice also. per cent ir;t Madurai taluk is largely ~ue to Madurai City which, next to Madras, is the largest City in t.he State. It is the ,headquarters of two districts, viz., (iii) Posts and Trlegraph8. Madurai and Ramanathapuram. a great pilgrim centre, There are 29 post and telegraph sub-offices, 26 nOl1- and also a centre where there are ample educational '(lombined sub-post offices and 412 branch post offices ill facilities and also [medi6al' facilities. It continueR to be a prosperous and important textile and dyeing Name of inatitution. Number centra. One of the largest spinning mills in the world of beds. which is situated in this taluk, vi;,., the Harvey Mills, Dindigul 7'aluk- 1. Dindlgul Government Hospital 50 is located in this town and there are also other spinning 2. Local Fund Dlspensary, Kannlvady mills and power 100m factories. This is also one of the 3. Local Fund DIspensary, Vedasandur . . .. largest and most important handloom weaving centres 4. Local Fund Indlgenous DlSpensary, Vadamadurai. 5. Local Fund Indigenous Dispensary, Shanar- in the State. As in other districts, the imposition of patti. controls and food rationing has attracted a large 6. Local Fund Rural DIspensary, Sithayankottai number of families into this town. 7. Southern Rallway Hospltal, Dindlgul .. 8. Leper Dispensary, Dindigul ., The number of immigrants in Madurai district, as N,lakkOitai Taluk- enumerated at t4is Census, is, 160,732 and they came 1. Local Fund Dispensary, Alanganallur mostly from Ramanathapuram district (8I,lI3) and 2. Local Fund Dlspensary Batlagundu • a. Local Fund Dlspensary, Nllakkottal Tirunelveli district (33,298)." 4. Local Fund Hospital, Sholavandan • (Extract from the Census Report-Part 1.) Melur Taluk- 1. Local Fund Hospital, Melur • 2. Local Fund Dispensary, Natham (ii) VI'l'AI, STATISTICS. 3. Local Fund Rural Dispensaries of Indigenous Medwine, Karungalakudy. A statement showing the details of births and 4. Local Fund Dispensary Vellalapatty deaths and deaths due to various causes for the decen Periyakulam Taluk- nium 1941-50 in the district is furnished in Annexure II. 1. Government Hospital, Perlyakulam 2. P.W.D. Dlspensary, Thekkady The average birth and death rates of 32·2 and 21·1 3. MuniClpal Hospital, BodmalCkanur 4 per mi Ie registered in the district during the decade 4. Local Fund Dispensary, Andlpatty 1941-50 were practically the same as those of the 5. Local Fund Dispensary, Chmnamanur 6. Local Fund Dlspensary, Cumbum State Except for the comparatively high birth 7. Local Fund Dispensary, Gudalur .. rate of 35·0 registered in 1942. there has been very 8. Local Fund Dispensary, Thevaram 9. Local Fund Dispensary, Uthamapalayam 12 little, variation from the average birth rate in the 10. Local Fund Dlspensary, Devadanapatti district. The d:}ath rate after decreasing steadily 11. Holy Redeemer Dispensary, Them from 22·1 in 1945 to 16·3 in 1949 has increased sharply to 22·0 in 1950, partly due to prevalence of severo Tirumaf1,yaiam Taluk- 3·4 1. Government Hospltal, USllampatti l!O epidemic of cholera. The average death rate of 2. Local Fund Hospltal, Tirumangalam 4 per mille from respiratory diseases during the decade 3. Local Fund Dispensary, Saptur was very high when compared to the rate of 1·9 for 4. Local Fund Rural Dispensaries of Indigenous Medwine, Kalhkudy, the State. The average mortality rates from smallpox 5. Local Fund Rural DlSpensaries of Indigenous and fevers were below normal, while that from Medicme, Sindupatty. dysentery and diarrhoea were normal. 6. Local Fund Rural Dispensaries of Indigenous Medicine, Elumalai. The materna,} mortality rates recorded show a 7. Local Fund Rural Dispensaries of Indigenous Medicine, T. Kallupatti. definite decrease year after year, and the average rate for the decade was 5·7 per 1,000 live births which Madurai Taluk- is less tha.n 8·1, the rate for the State. 1. Erskine Hospltal, Madurai 66~ 2. MUniOlpal Dlspensary, East Madural 3. Munwipal Dispensary, Ponnagaram .. 4. Municipal Dlspensary, North Avani Street (b) MEDICAL RELIEF ARRANGEMENTS. 5. Mumcipal Dispensary. D.T.P. 6. MUniClpal DIspensary, West Gate A list of hospitals and dispensaries in each taluk 7. Municipal Dispensary, North Masi Street for is given below ;-- Women and Children. 8. Local Fund Dispensary, Tlruparankundram 9. Willis F. PlCrce Memorial Hospital, Madurai llO Name of intltitution. Number 10. American MlSSlon HospItal for Women and 120 of beds. Chlldren. Palni Taluk- 11. Clark Carolme Hospital, Pasumalai 15 1. Government HospItal, Palni 35 12. Mills Dispensary .. . . .• 2. SpeOlal Armed Police Hospital, Palni 10 13. Southern Railways Hospital, Madurai 18 3. Local Fund Dlspensary, Idaiyakottai 4. Local Fund Dispensary, Keeranur There is X-Ray therapy and an X-ray apparatus for 5. Local Fund Rural Dispensaries of Indigenous screening at the Erskine Hospital at Madurai. The Medicine, Thalalyoothu. Erskine Hospital has the following special depart 6. Local Fund Rural Dlspensaries, Kallimandayam. 7. Local Fund Rural Dispensaries, Virupakshi ments attached to it-(I) Ophthalmic, (2) Tuberculosis, (3) Skin, (4) Leprosy, (5) Orthopaedic, (6) Venereal Kodaikanal Taluk- diseases and (7) Dental clinic. There is a blood bank 1. Government Hospital, Kodlloikanal 30 2. Local Fund Dispensary, Pannalkadu in the hospital. The Government have approved the proposal to supply Radium needles to tho Hos The particulars of the number of public wells in pital. The Government Headquarters Hospital as each taluk constructed under the Rural water supply well as all the hospitals in the district run leprosy scheme are furnished below :-- clinics. Nine beds are provided in the Government Number of public Name of taluk. drJDking water wells Headquarters Hospital for leprosy patients. The constructed. Swedish Mission Dispensary (d) FAIRS AND FESTIVALS. A list of fairs and festivals in each taluk in the district is furnished below:- Place where the festival Name of the festival Or fair. Period of obsl'rvance. Other actlVities connected with 01' fair is celebrated. the festival. Paln' Taluk- 1. Palni Thaipoosam 10 days III February 2. Do. Mariamman Festival One week in March 3. Do. pangum Uthiram 10 days m April 4. Do. Skandasbastl 7 days in October 6. Do. Thirukarthigal .. 7 days in November . . . . 6. Salaipudur Athicombai. U chlmahahamman Festival and First week III June, one week 1 Cattle from COlmbatore, Dindigul Cattle FaIr. and other places are gathered and I sold. ' 7. Idayakottai Marlamman Fet:ltival and Cattle FIrst wet'k of AprIl, one week . J Fair. Kodaikanal taluk Poomparai, VilpattI, and Panguni Uthiram in Murugan Panguni (March.AprII) Thandigudi. temples. Kodaikanal Mariamman FestIval Chitrai (AprIl-May) Perumamalai, hamlet of St. Joseph's Festival Chitrai (April-May) Adukkam. Kodaikanal Ramzan .. . Vaigasi and Ani (June) Pannalkadu Sri Ram8.samy temple Festival. Vaigasl (June) Kodaikanal St. Mary's Festival Avam (August) .. DindiguZ taZuk- 1. Agaram (6 miles from Muthalamman FestIval 3daysmSeptemberandOctober. A Cattle fair is conducted for ontl Dmdigul). week on the occasion. 2. Athur (10 mile from Vandikaliamman Festival Panguni (March-April) for 10 A Cattle fair is conducted during the Dindigul). days. festIval. 3. Thadicombu Soundaraja Perumal temple Adl (July-August) A Cattle fair is also conducted annual FestIval. along WIth the festIval. 4. Vadamadural Dc. Do. Do. 5. Dindlgul Mariamman Festival 15 days III Mru31-Pangun' (March). NjklkkoUai Taluk Old Batlagundu Mariamman Festival One week in thtl month of About 10,000 wOI'shippers gather. Vaikasi. A cattle shandy is held durmg the festival. Nirethan .. Cattle Fair One week m the first half of Do. March every year. Palamedu Weekly Shandy Every Saturday. MdtWtaluk Tirnvadur Thirumarainath&swaml Ratha 10 days In the Tamil month of Utchavam. Valgasi. Alagarkoil Car j<·estival July-August Pilgrims from far off places attend the procllSSion. ThiS is an impor. i&u' Mtival for the Kallar llommuDity. Kottampatty Weekly Shandy Every Tuesday .. Yelur Do. Every Monday liath&Dl .. Do. Every Sunday .. Place where the festival Name of the festival 01 fair. Period of observanoe. Other activities connected "ith or fair is celebrated. thl' festival. li"8tivais-oont. Periyakulalll 'l'alvJ.-- 1. Devadanapattl (Madurlll Sri Kamakshiamman f(·"tn'al, On" week from the .late of Peopl" from all oytlr the district Perlyakulam Hoad). Maha81vBrathrl, assemble here. Brass vessels ape ('Xlllblt('tl for saln durmg ~ho festIval. 2. Veerapandl ('l'houi- Last seven dayH of th,' first TamIl About 4,UOO people (an OVl"r from ,. Kurmh Road). month Chitra, PpI'Iyakulam taluk) assemble here. There I~ a cattle fau 1Il whICh fine bulls nnd cows arl' mad" avallabl .. for "ale. Maclura~ 'l'aluk- 1. MadurlH Town Chltra festn'"l . 7 dllys m the Tan1l1 month of This f"sUval starts WIth the Thlruk Ch,trai (ApJiI·M .y) each kalyanam of Sri Mecnaksi and year just beforo and after Chockanathar (the popular ~nd full moon day. anCient dletw8 of the city) III the great tempi!' of Mcenakshl. This IS Immedlatply followed by a pro cessIOn of the newly weddod couple III a car around the temple. The Idol of Sri Alagar Ii'! brought from Alagarkoll, 12 mIles away from Madurai. .\ very large number of devotees from all parti! of tht, dlHtrlCt and outside participate m tho festIval. Thl~ IS the bIggest fc;,tJval III the dIstrict.,., A cat tit' fall' IS also conducted by tho )ladural J\Iumelpahty for about two weeks, ExhlbI;tlon h,·ld durmg th" festival attI1'cts crowds 2. Madurai Town , 1'eppam fm,th-al One day JIl the month of ThaI Thert' IS a hlg bl,autlful tank WIth (Poosam day), a mandapam at th" centro 1Il the l'Ustt'1 n ('ornpr of Madura1 Town It IS SUld to have boen dug by King Thirumalai Nalk durmg IllS reIgn. A decorateJl t('ml'j,'-shapeu car bUilt of w('od, ,s floatt'd m th" tank and st("'IPd lound th" mantapam wlllC'h IS fully dlllmmated. Lurgf' crowds gather hen' and pilI tl('lparc Jll the fl'~tlval. :>. T1rUl'parankuudrum pangunl UthlraIll :March every yedr , . I Ther(' 18 a rng eave t('mple at the 4. Do, Skanda Shaastl fpstlval Oetol",r and November of every l foot of a 10, k "t Tll'upparan- year. ( kundram 6 mdC'R away from 5. O". Thirukartlllga , Novembor-Dceembf'r ,J .\lauUlal to\\n D(wotees from all parts of the taluk go over here and tak" part III tho fcstival. i::lpL'clal buses IHf' arranged dUIlIlg festIval days, Fmrs PIaet'. Days on which shandy IS held. Madurtll town Shandy on evelY i::lunday and 'l'hUlHday. Cattle fall IS lwld on Thu~sctay, Annual Cattl(' falI'lS conducted durmg Chltra fest,val. Thenur '. Shandy on ~Ionday, Appan ThlruppMlll Shandy on .F'nday valayankulam " Shandy on Raturdny VlTeekly Cattle f"',r on ev{'ry Fr,day. III. ~lll'CATJU);AL I:;o.;S1'I1TTlO~S, IV. hlltISTRY. (i) Cottage and Small-scale Indu8trie8. A statement showing the number of various kinds A statement showing the number uf important cottage and small scale industries in each taluk of e.ducationa~ , institutiuns 'in each talilk is given in and the number of persons employed in t.hOlli 1" A nnexure III. furnished in A nneXUre IV. (ii) Large-scale Industries. The Thirumala N aik Palace and the Moonakshi temple at Madurai are famous for their high archi There are no large-scale industries in Kodaikanal, tectural beauty. Melur and Periyakulam taluks. The large· sca.le Mad~rai was fa:mou~ as a seat of learning from very industries in the other taluks and the number of early tImes. It IS saId that the Pandya capital was persons employed in them are furnished below:- the home of the Tamil Sangam (Academy), which sat Number in judgment on literary works. The New Madurai Name of taluk. Name of Industry. Number. of person Tamil Sangam, a flourishing literaDY society, was "mployed. established in 1901. Its object is the improvement Palni. Rice Mills and Ginning 7 105 Factories. of the Tamil language. The sangam possesses a Match Factory 1 60 library, containing some of the ancient manuscripts. Dindigul Cotton Gnmmg and Press· 7 541 mg. Another famous pilgrim centre in the District is Coffee curmg works 3 136 Palni, where the temple dedicated to God Sri Subra Tobacco and Cigar Factories 20 1,097 manya attracts large crowds of devotees throughout Tanneries .. 20 280 Match Factories . 2 167 the year from all parts of India. , Cotton spmmng and 393 There is a temple caned Alagarkoil at the foot of Weaaving. Iron-safe Manufacture 8 185 the Alagar hills in Kidaripatti village of Melur taluk Nilakkottai .. Sugar Factory 1 350 which attracts a large number of pilgrims for the Cotton Gnming 3 113 Tlrumangalam. Chitra festival in April~May. The hills also con Madurai RICe Mills .. 39 675 Cotton and Spinning and 16 17,570 tain a spring which is uRed for rearing beautiful flower Weaving. gardens near the temple. Handloom Weaving Factory 12 179 Knittmg Mills 1 685 Madurai, Palni, Dindigul, Kodaikanal, Bodinaicka Dress Manufacture 5 173 nur and Periyakulam are the municipalities in the Transport Equipment 17 1,227 District. V. ITEMS OF GENERAL INTEREST. There is a Tamil-Nad Polytechnic Institute at Madurai is one of the largest pilgrim centres in South Madurai. India. The famous temples of Goddess Minakshi and Lord Sundareswar situated in the heart of the Kodaikanal at an average height of 7,000 feet is a sanatorium and hill station attracting a large number city are sacred t:> the Hindus. of visitors during summer. ANNEXURE I. [Vide item I (g) of the Introduction.] STATEMENT SHOWING THE PARTICULARS OF THE AREA CULTlV ATED WITH FOOD CROPS AND COMMERCIAL CROPS IN EACH TALUK OF THE DISTRICT FOR THE YEAR 1948-49. Name of crop. Palni. Kodai Dindi- Nilak. Melur. Periya- Tiru- :Madurai. 'fotal. kanal. gui. kot al. kulam. mangalam. Aca. ACS. ACS. ACS· Aoa. Aca. AOS. ACS. AOS. 64,624 51,623 33,582 Paddy .. Irrigated 22,696 2,156 36,083 51,188 94,747 356,699 Un irrigated 1 4 949 2,434 1,236 674 45 5,34 22,107 Cholam .. Irrigated 29,602 25,239 10,700 1,444 12,964 1,974 104,030 Umrrlgated 17,398 44,995 28,461 11,573 68,083 26,135 4,202 200,847 1,174 Cumbu Irrigated 2,972 3,176 727 271 2,407 467 11,194 Unirrigated 802 16,128 709 4,569 1,563 6,351 476 30,598 Ragi Irrigated 5,5L8 75 4,374 1,851 4,572 16,208 8,496 3,454 44,548 Umrrigated 408 366 321 3,171 1,187 1;')8 23~ 5,844 Korra Irrigated 8,470 19 541 254 54 376 961 10 10,685 Umrrigated 203 95 85 32 147 47 ~ 615 Varagu Irrigated 1,334 23 102 9 37 230 99 1,834 Umrrlgated 26 7 10,115 4,623 6,801 5,064 21,858 1,494 49,988 Samai Irrigated 6 20 2 236 ,. 269 Uniuigated 4,956 554 16,141 2,036 1,853 11,903 892 I,S30 S9,66Ci Maize Irrigated 3 51 7 61 Umrrigated 369 33 402 Bengalgram Irrigated 32 4 36 Unirrlgated 433 4 437 Chillies .. Irrigated 219 1,482 236 484 4,508 704 157 7,791 Umrrigated 1 2 3 6 Sugarcane Irrigated 787 417 1,877 237 1,008 169 58!) 5,075 Groundnu1o Irrigated 8,294 2,927 944 22,651 10,567 338 45,721 Umrrlgated 1,824 36,845 7,241 15,548 1,840 30,866 4,749 98,913 Gingelly Irrigated 70 192 20 20 465 44 127 938 Umrrlgated 369 16,506 1,583 1,522 4,474 622 196 25,272 Cotton .. Irrigated 8,433 1,361 118 3 2,296 1,385 22 13,618 Unirrigated 13,704 8,086 639 2,665 7,97& 50,898 36 84,006 50 . Tobooco Irrigated 919 2 2,234 , 22 3,227 Un irrigated 1,326 366 1 1,693 Madurai-2 10 QO -Q. l. .... IN :...... : 11 ANNExURE m. (Vide item III of the Introduction.) STA'l'EH1Ut1' SHOWING THE PABTrCULA.88 or TJIE VAltIO'US JC.tNDS OJ' En17CA'1'IONAL INSrIT'UTioNS IN EACH TALUX 011 TJIE DIS'l'BIC'l' AM> THEIR STRENGTH AS ON 31ST MARCH 1951. PaIni. Kodaikanal. Dindigul. ,....J- Type of Educational Institution. Strength. ~trength. Strength. No. No. No. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. 1 College of Arts and Science for Men. 2 College of Arts and SCience for Women. 3 Oriental College .. 4 .High School for Boys 1,291 2 358 107 3 3,395 31 5 gigh School. for Girls " I 232 587 6 Anglo.Indian School 30 94 7 Trainmg School for Boys 1 146 8 Training School for Girls 1 79 2 196 9 Basic Training School for Boys. 10 Ba.:l Traming School for Girls. 1 13 61 11 ,Nursery School .. 12 Specia.l School 13 Middle School for Boys 14 Middle School for Girls 15 Elementary School 114 6,549 3,100 25 1,512 923 285 21,437 10,17' 16 Basic School 13 1,043 535 17 Adult School 4 106 6 114 Nilakkottai. Melur. Periyakulam• ..A.-._ Type of Educational Institution. Strength. Strength. Strength. No. No. No. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. I College of Arts and Science for Men. 2 College of Arts and Science (or Women. 3 Oriental College .. 4 High School for Boys 3 1,656 141 1 653 56 6 3,929 284 5 High School for Girls 1 8S 6 Anglo·Indian School 7 Training School for Boys 8 Trammg School for GIrls 9 Basic Training School for Boys 10 Basic Trainmg School for Girls. 11 Nursery School .. 12 Special School 13 Ililddle School for Boys 14 Middle School for Girls 15 Elementary School 171 11,210 6,594 118 7,459 2,776 369 37,796 14,560 16 Basic School 17 Adult School 1 39 115 394 Madurai-2A 12 ANNEXURE Ill-coflt. (Vide item III of the Int.1'oducti()n~on'. STATEHENT SROWING THE P.\BTICULAlI8 OF TlU V.\lUOUS ~INVS OJ' EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN !!lACK TALUX: OF TRE DlSTBXCT AND' • TUm ST.RENGTII A.S ON ilisT MAMK 1951~otII. Tirumangalam. Madurai. Total. ,- r----- ....,....._, r--- , Typo of Educational Institution. Strength. Strength. Strength. No. ~ , No. r----Jo , No. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. GIrls. 1 College of Arts and Science (or 3 2.M2 .52 S 2,21i2 52 men. :t College of Arts ~nd Science for l55 156 Women . .3 Oriental College .. 22 22 -4 High School for Boys 2 1,270 33 7 10,040 HIS 25 22,591 820 Ii High School for Girls 2 218 4 47 2.987 9 47 ",107 I) Anglo.Indian School 91 61 2 121 1156 7 Training School for Boys 277 2 423 S Training School for GIrls I il9 2 468 6 S2i 9 Baaic Traming School for Boys. 99 99 10 BaBic Training School for Girls, 13 53 11 Nursery School 2 14 15 2 H 15 12 Special School 152 162 13 MIddle School for Boys 279 23 2 875 3 1,154 23 14 MIddle School for Girls 3 80 759 3 80 759 15 ,Elementary School 295 19,338 7,648 215 24,{H; l6,70S 1,592 129,716 62,478 16 ,Basic School 14 1,102 477 27 2,145 1,012 17 Adult School 8 126 37 13 293 48 1,072 37 NO~E-- 1. Oollege of Arts and /Soien()e-.J.lfaduTa~ Taluk (3)-at Madurai·3. 6, Anglo-Indian School: Kodaikanal Taluk (I)-at Kodaikanal. Z. OoUege8 oj Arts and Science JOT Women, Madurai Taluk (I) 7. Training S~hoo18 for BOY8: Dindigul ,aluk (l)-at Dindigul; --at Madurai. Madural tatuk (I)-at Pasumalai. 3. Oriental College: Madurai Tal4k (I)-at Madurai. 8. Training Schools jor Girls: Palni Taluk (l)-at Palni. 4. High Sdwols for BOY8: Palni Taluk (I)-at Palni; K.odai Dindigul taluk (2)-at Dindlgul-2; Tirumangalam Taluk ko,nal Taluk (2)-at Kodaikanal-l and Pannalkadu.l; (I)-at Tl1'llmangalam; Madurai Taluk (2)-at Madurai.l Dindigul Taluk (3)-at Dmdigul-2 and Chmnalappattl.l ; and Pasumalai·l. Nilakkottai Taluk (3)-at Sholavandan-l, B ..tlagundu-l and Pattlveerampatti-l; (I)-at Melur; 9. Basi<; Training School Jor BOY8: 1',rumal!galam taluk (l}- Melur Taluk at Kallupatti. Periyakulam Taluk (6)-at Perlyakulam-I, Uttama pelayam-I, Bodinayakanur-l, Cumbum-l, Theni-l and 10. Baw; Training School jQr Girl8: Dindigw talul; (1) Venkatachalapuram-l; Tirumangalam Taluk (2)-at at Gandhlgram, Tirumangalam-l and UsilampattI-l; Madurai Taluk (7) 11. Nur8ery Schools: Madurai taluk (2)-at Madurai-2. at Madurai-6 and Pasumalal-l. C 12. Special School: (L.P.N. :Special Educational Institute); J;. High /Sohool8 jor Girls: Paini 'l'aluk (I)-at Palni; Dindigul .lfadurai talt(k (1) at Ratchanyapuram. Taluk (I)-at Dindigul; Periyakulam Taluk (I)-at Peri yakulam; Tirumangalam Taluk (2)-at Tirumangalam·l and Usilampa.tti-l ; Madurai Talltk (il-)-at Madurai -,. l~ ~ ~ g ~f..... { 00 l - ,,;~ Q) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~.... ~ ~ ~ ~ ao. MADURAI DISTRICT. PART I. Section (i). A-GENERAL POPULATION TABLES. A-I-Area, Houses and Population. This table shows for the rural and urban areas of each habitations. Villages with no habitations are not included taluk and for the district, the area, the number of inhabited in this table. villages and towns, occupied houses and the total popula tion with distribution by sex. 4 .. , Town" is it place of usually not less than 5,OO() inhabitants, possessing distinct urban characteristics. 2. The district area shown in column (2) of this table is Cantonments have:been treated as forming part of the towns that supplied by the Surveyor-General of India. Area in which they are situated. ~he following places not having figures furnished by the Central Survey Office, Madras, the population minimum of 5,000 have been treated as have been adopted for thl' taluks. The total area of the towns for the reason that they possess definitely urban taluks as furnished by the Central Survey Office, Madras, characteristics :- shown within brackets in column (2) differs from the area of the district furnished by the Surveyor-General. " (1) Peraiyur-:-Tirumangalam taluk. (2) Keeranur-;-Palni taluk. 3. "Village" is the revenue administrative unit withIn defined boundaries. This table gives particulars in 5. "House ".-Every dwelling with a. separate main respect of all villages containing one or more groups of entrance has been treated as a house for census purposes. J Occupied houses. Population. Area in Villages. Towns. ~. Taluk. square miles. Total. Rural. Urban. Persons. - Total. Rural. Urban. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 1 Palni 625 117 3 53,727 44,897 8,830 272,002 '217,972 54,030 2 Kodaikanal 361 18 1 7,953 6,084 1,869 40,250 29,309 10,941 3 Dindigul " 894 142 1 89,455 78,590 10,865 554,767 476,406 78,361 4 Nilakkottai 410 U6 3 42,884 38,818 4,066 277,187 247,68a' 29,504 5 Melur 484 102 2 42,215 38,617 3,598 224,211 199,699 24,512 6 Periyakulam 1,106 112 10 87,015 57,848 29,167 584,430 390,628 193,802 7 Tirumangalllm 721 263 4 71,486 65,172 6,314 374,465 331,102 43,363 8 Madurai 268 206 2 68,792 38,616 30,176 564,505 193,714 370,791 4910 District Total .. (4,869) 1,076 26 463,527 368,642 94,885 2,891.817 2,086,513 805,304 Population-cont. ,,- Males. Females. r-- ,.... Talul>. Total. Rural. Urban. Total. Rural. Urban. (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) 1 Palni 133,729 106,961 26,768 138,273 IlJ ,OIl 27,262 2 Kodaikanal 20,671 14,954 5,717 19,579 14,355 5,224 3 Dindigul . 275\990 236,171 39,819 278,777 240,235 38,542 " NiIakkottai ,137,011 J22,427 14,584 14(1.176 125,256 14,920 I) Melur IlO,323 98,089 12,234 113,888 IGJ,610 12,278 8 Pl.'riyakulam 292,447 195,480 96,967 291,983 195,148 96,825 7 TirllffillngRIam 1~5,Oll 163,495 21,516 189,451 167,607 21,841 • Madurai 284,076, 95,698 188,378 280,429 98,016 182.413 District Total 1,439,258 t.033,275 405,983 1,452,559 1,053,238 399,321 :20 ••ADURAI DISTRICT. A-If-Variation in Population during flfty years. This table compares the population of the district and Location Code number and Location Code number and of each taluk in the district as ascertained at the Census name of the Ylllage. name of the VillagE'. of 1951 with the corresponding figures of the five previous 7 Kottanatham. 11 Mallapuram. censuses. The figures recorded at the previous censusesha'Ve 8 Karungal. 12 Karikali. been adjusted for subsequent territorial changes, if any, in 9 DhoJipatti. 13 Ulliakottai. order to afford a correct basi. for comparison. The adjusted 10 Palayam. 14 Chinnuluppai. figures show the population of taluks and the district as constituted at present. and (2) the transfer of the following villages from Tiru. mangalam taluk of this district to Sattur and Srivilliputtur ,2. The main territorial changes that occurred during the decade are :- talub 'of Ramanathapuram district:- (1) The inclusion of the following villages from Karur Ti'fumangalam to Sattur taluk. taluk of Tiruchirappalli district into the Dindigul ta.Iuk -of this district :- 1 Vellore. , Location Coda numbe,. and Location Code number and Tirumangalam to Srivilliputtur taluk. nawe of the Village. name 0 f the Village. I Mathur. 5 Marukalamkathan. 1 Landakattai. 4 Thirukurnam. 2 Thambipatti. 6 ThulukkapattL 2 Gudalur. 5 Vellodu. 3 Kodikulam. 7 Ammapatti. 3 Theendakal. 6 Alambadi. 4 Ayakulam. Net, Taluk. Persons. Variation. variatIon Male8 Variation. Femalu. Variation' 1901-1951. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) 1 Palm 1901 216,294 104,255 112,0;1,9 1911 221,624 ,>,330 107,126 2,871 114.498 2,459 1921 226,007 4,383 109,572 2.446 116,435 1,937 1931 237,968 1l,961 116,462 6,890 121,506 5,071 194-1 263,858 25,885 129,587 13,125 134,266 12,760 1951 272,002 8.14~ 55,708 133,729 4,142 138,273 4,007 2 Kodaikanal I!lOI 18,355 9,274 9,081 1911 20;486 2,131 10,491 1,217 9,995 914 1921 21,582 1,096 11,019 528 10,563 568 1931 27,829 5,747 14,109 3,090 13,220 2,657 1941 33,698 6,369 17,299 3,190 16,399 3,179 W51 40,250 6,552 21,895 20,671 3,372 19,579 3,180 "8 Dindigul 1901 336,789 165,578 171,211 1911 879,186 42,397 186,000 20,422 193,186 21,975 1921 408,700 2",514 199,119 13.119 204,581 ll,395 1931 422.573 18,873 207878 8,759 214,695 10,114- 1941 488,719 66,146 241,7U 33,896 246,945 32,250 1951 554,767 66,048 217,978 275.990 34.216 278,777 :n,832 " NilakkoUai 1901 178.255 87,145 91,110 1911 199,262 21.007 97,415 10,270 101,847 10,737 1921 204,666 5,404 100.293 2,878 104,373 2,526 1931 220,866 16,200 108,420 8,127 112,446 8,073 1941 248,476 22,610 120.329 11,909 123,147 10,701 1951 277.187 33,711 98,932 137,011 16.682 140,176 17,029 • MaIm 1901 1540,381 U.203 80,178 1911 171,511 17,130 82,506 8,303 89,005 8,827 1921 172,878 867 83,512 1,006 88,866 - 139 1931 175.656 3,278 84,159 647 91,497 2,63] 1941 190,341 14,689 92,434 8,275 97.911 6,414 1961 224,211 33,866 60,830 110,323 17,884 113,888 15,077 16. 20. MADURAI DISTRICT. A-:D-Variation in Population during fifty years .. Net Taluk. Persons. Variation. variation M~ale8. Variation. ~emalNj. Varlatiun. 1901.19ii] . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (ti) (1) (8) 6 Periyak'llafi1 1901 320.098 156,969 163.129 19I1 365,160 45,06:! 178,837 '?1,868 186,323 23,194 1921 383,074 17,914 189,103 10,266 193,971 7,648 1931 442,655 59,58] 219,563 :lO,460 223,092 29,121 1941 501,396 58,741 250,527 30,964 250,869 27,777 1951 584,430 83,03~ 264.332 292,447 41.920 291.983 41.114 7 Tirumangalllm 1901 251,685 123.819 121,866 l~ll 296,143 44.45H 146,225 22,406 149,918 22,052 1921 309,382 13,2311 ]52.822 6,597 156,560 6,642, 1931 327.496 18,114 161,618 ~.796 165,878 9.318 1941 1 349,875 22,371 173,067 11,449 176,808 10,930 195] 327,465 24.090 122.1RO 18.5,011 1l.IH4 189,154 12.641; 8 Madura. 1901 223,620 109,486 114,134 191I 263,780 40.160 130,139 20,653 133,64) 19,5(}7 1921 275,948 12,168 136,951 6.812 138,99'1 5,356 HI31 330,389 M,441 163.914 26,963 166,475 27,478 194] 402.504 72.11ii 200,.'353 36,43(1 202,151 35,676 1951 564.505 162.001 340,88ii 284,076 R3.723 280.429 78,278 District Total .. 1901 1,699.477 R30.729 868.748 1911 1,917,152 217,675 9.'38,739 IOS,OlO 978,413 10g,665 1921 1,996,787 79,585 982,391 43,652 1,014,346 35,933 1931 2,184,932 188,195 1,076,123 93,732 1,108,809 94,463 1941 2,473,866 288,934 1,225,370 149,247 1,248,496 139,687 1951 2,891,817 417,951 1,192,340 1,439,258 213,888 1.452,559 204,063 17 20. MADURAI DISTRICT. A-III-Towns and Villages classified by Population. This table shows the total number of inhabited towns and (3) Towns and villages with population of 10,000 and villages in each taluk of the district distributed on popula above:- tion basis under three main heads with sub-heads under each (a) With population of 10,000 to 20,000. as follows :- (1) Towns and villages with less than 2,000 popula- (b) With population of 20,000 to 50,000. tion :- (c) With population of 50,000 to 100,000. (a) Population with less than 500. (b) Population between 500 and 1,000. (d) With population of 100,000 and above. (c) Population between 1,000 and 2,000. (2) Towns and villages with population of 2,000 to II. For definition of " Town" and "Village" see 10,000- fly-leaf to Table A-I. (a) With population of 2.000 to 5,000. (b) With population of 5,000 to 10,000. Towns. and villages with less than Total populatIOn. 2,000 population. Totalnum. ~~ b",r of Persons. Males. Females. Total. faluk. inhabited towns ani! Number. Males. Females. vIllages. (I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) 1 Palni 120 272,002 133,729 138,273 81 43,717 45,480 2 Kodaikanal 19 40,2.30 20,671 19,579 13 6,757 6,582 3 Dinrhgul .' 143 5:H,767 275,990 278,777 44 26,018 26,618 4 N Ilakkottai 119 277,187 137,01l 140,176 75 36,648 37,338 5 Melur 104 224,211 110,323 113,888 52 19,349 20,215 6 Pel"lyakulam 122 584,4:10 292.447 291,983 41 23,667 23,515 7 l'irumangalam 267 374,46.5 18.3,01l ISfl,454 212 80,673 83,284 8 Madurai :WS 364",05 284,076 280,429 184 54,952 57,094 District Total 1,102 2,891,817 1,439,258 1,452,559 702 291,781 300,126 Towns and vIllilges wIth It-ss____Jo than______2,000 populatIOn-cont Less tha,n GOO. 500-1,000. 1,000-2,000. r------..A.------, ,.------"------, r- 1 Taluk. Number. l\Llk". Female3. Number. :-'fales. Females. Number. Males. Females. (9) (10) (ll) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) 1 Palni 13 1,833 ],851 21 8,092 8,297 ·47 33,792 3ii,332 2 Kodail... ll.I'.al 5 317 321l 1 414 396 7 6,026 5,R57 3 DindIgul •• 4 529 556 10 4,344 4,470 30 21,145 21,592 4 Niiakkottai 16 1,939 1,997 22 8,090 8,354 37 26,619 26,987 5 Melur 22 2,631 2,697 15 5,592 5,933 15 11,126 11,585 6 Periyakulam I) 6 980 943 3,926 3,859 26 18,761 18,71~ 7 Tirumangalam 78 9,547 10,005 61 21,236 21,679 73 49,890 51,GOO 8 :lIfadurai 98 11,647 12,000 4.5 15,909 16,649 41 27,396 28,445 District Total 242 29,423 30,378 184 67,603 69,637 276 194,755 200,111 Madurai-3 18 20. MADURAI DISTRICT. A-III-Towns and Villages classified by Population. TOWllS and villages with a population of 2,000-]1),000. ,---____ ..A.. '____ , Total. 2,000-5,000. 5,000-10,000. ,-----J----__, ,--__--A ______, Number. Males. Females. Number. Males. Females. Number. Males. Females. Taluk. (18) (1\)) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (2.5) (26) I Palni 36 59,853 62,298 33 51,576 53,915 3 8,277 8,383 2 KodaJkanal 5 8,197 7,773 4 5,002 4,722 1 3,195 3.051 3 Dindlgnl 'l7 :>03,436 207,043 73 12.5,162 126,699 24 78,274 80.344 4 Nilakkottai 4J 88,841 \)0,968 30 50,571 52,399 12 38,270 38,569 5 :\If'lur 30 78,74-0 81,:)95 47 70,422 72,794 3 8,318 8.601 {l Perlyaknlam 69 159,272 159,066 47 82,74.~ 82,597 22 76,.527 76,469 7 TIrnmangaJam 33 89,414 90,915 47 71,561 72,963 6 17,8.53 17.952 8 l\Iadurai 23 4:;,174 45,504 18 26.S97 27,478 5 18,277 18,026 District Total 275 732,927 744,962 299 483,936 493,567 76 248,991 251,395 Towm, amI vilIag~q WIth a populatIon of 10,000 and above. ,. ~ Total. 10,000-20 ,000. ,-______20,000-50,000...A.. ______, ,.----"----., ,-- Taluk. Number. Males. Females. Number. Males Females. Number. Males. Femalee. (27) (2S) (29) (30) (31) (32) (33) (34) (35) 1 Palni 3 30,159 30,495 2 12,735 13,433 17,424 17,062 :2 Kodaikanal 1 5,717 5,224 1 5,717 5,224 :3 DJIldigul .. 2 46,.';36 45,116 1 6,717 6.574 4 Nilakkottftl 2 11,522 11,870 2 11,.522 11,870 5 :Uelur 2 12,234 12,278 2 12,23,1 12,278 6 Penyakulam 12 109,50S 109,402 9 62,683 62,407 3 46,825 46,995 7 Tlrumangalam 2 1,1,924 15,255 2 IJ,294 15,235 S lVladurai 1 183,950 177,831 District Total .. 25 414,550 407,471 19 126,532 127,041 4 64,249 64,057 Towns and VIllages WIth a populatIOn of 10,000 and above-cont. r- --"------, 50.000-100,000. 100,000 and above. r------.A.------, ,-- ~ Number. :JIales. Females. Number. Males. Females. l'aluk. (36) (37) (38) (39) (40) (41) 1 Palni 2 Kodaikanal 3 Dindigul •• 1 39,819 38,542 4 Nilakkottai 5 Melur 6 Penyakulam 7 Tirumangalam 8 1\:laduraij 1 IS3,9.~O 177,831 District Total 1 39,819 38,542 1 183,950 177.831 19 20. MADURAI DISTRICT. A-IV-Towns classified by Population with variation since 1901. This table shows the population (with distribution by Class Limits of Population. sex) of cities and towns of the district at each of the last IV 10,000 to 20,000. six enumeratIOns. V 5,000 to 10,000. VI Under 5,000. 2. The following towns have ben treated as cities for the 1951 census'- 4. Where possible, the former population of places treated for the first time as towns in 1941 and at this (1) "NIadurai. Census, has been extracted from Village Statistics. Where (2) Dindigul. this could not be done, the columns have been left blank. 5. The population of towns for previous Censuses are 3. The cities and towns have been arranged in this table those then recorded. No adjustments ha\~e been made according to their population in 1951 under the following for intervening changes in area. six classes :- 6. Municipality, Panchayat and Cantonment are indi Class. Limits of Population. cated by the use of the letters (M),(P),(C), respectively I 100,000 and over. within brackets. II 50,000 to 100,000. 7. Towns newly appearing at this Census have been III 20,000 to 50,000. printed in italic8. Net TOWII•• Tuluk. Persons. Vana· variation Ma11l8. Varia- Ftmale8. Varia· tlon. 1901- tion. tjon_ 1951. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) Class 1 (100,000 and over)- Madurai (M) . . " J\Iaduraj 1901 105,984 52,667 53,317 1911 134,130 28,146 67,091 14,424 67,039 13,722 1921 138,894 4,764 70,289 3,198 68,605 1,566 1931 182,018 43,124, 91,676 21,387 90,342 21,737 1941 239,144 57,126 120,596 28,920 118,548 28,206 1951 361,781 122,637 255,797 183,950 63,354 177,831 59,283 Class II (50,fI()0 to 100,000)- DlUriigul (M) .. Dindlgul 1901 25,182 12,628 12,554 1911 25,052 130 12,720 92 12,332 - 222 1921 30,922 5,870 15,809 3,089 15,113 2,781 1931 43,617 12,6!l5 22,351 6,5+2 21,266 6,153 194] 56,275 12,658 28,566 6,215 27,709 6,443 1951 78,361 22,086 53,179 39,819 11,253 :38,542 10,833 Cla9s III (20,000 to 50,000)- Bodinayakanur (;\'C) • • Pel'iyakulam 1901 22,209 10,;'70 11.4:]9 1911 20,183 ':,023 9,671 - 1,099 10,512 \)27 J 9:!1 20,341 ].,S 9,767 96 10,574 62 1031 27,036 6.(:i\l.5 13,2'10 3,473 1:],796 3,222 11l-1J 28,435 1,3f'9 14,084 844 N.351 555 1051 35,912 7,4, ,7 13,703 17,93':; 3.831 17,977 3,626 Palm (M) < •. Palm .. 1901 17,168 8.097 9J);1 \./ 1911 13,211 3,8.), 6.899 1,698 6.812 2,259 Hi21 17,501 4,290 8.519 2.120 8.982 2,170 1931 18,899 1.398 9.343 824, 9.656 574 194,1 24,706 ;"'),807 12.275 2,932 12,431 2,875 1951 34,486 9,780 17,318 17,424 5,149 17,062 4.631 Penyakulam (M) .. Periyakulam .. HOI 17,960 8,502 9,458 1911 18,715 755 8.817 315 9,898 440 ~,' 1921 16,478 2,237 7,844 - 973 8,6:]4 1,264 1931 23,004 6,526 11,109 3,265 11,895 3,261 1941 25,882 2,878 12,534 1,425 13,348 1,453 1951 31,000 5,118 13,040 15,444 2,910 15,556 2,208 Cumbum (P) •• Periyakulam .. loo1 12,737 6,133 6,604 ]911 15,444 2,707 7,347 1,214 8,097 1,493 ]921 16,481 1,037 8,057 710 8,424 327 1931 18,844 2,363 9,403 1,346 9,441 1,017 1941 22,177 3,333 10,971 ],568 11,206 1,765 1951 26,908 4,731 14,171 13,446 2,475 13,462 2,256 Class IV (10,000 to 20,000)- Gudalur (P) . . Periyakulam 1901 10,202 1911 11,641 1,439 5,749 5,892 1921 14,608 2,967 7,206 1,457 7,402 1,510 1931 17,612 3,004 8,774 1,568 8,838 1,436 1941 17,398 214 8,670 - 104 8,728 110 1951 19,915' 2,517 9,713 9,810 1,140 10,}05 1,377 Madurai-3A 20 20. MADURAI DISTRICT. A·IV-Towns classified by Population with variation since 1901. Net Towns. Taluk. Persons. Varia· variation Male8. Vana- Female8. Vana- tlon. 1901- hon. hon. 1951. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) Chinnamanur (P) •• Periyakulam •• 1901 10,270 5,072 5,198 1911 11,365 1,095 5,595 523 5,770 572 1921 11,812 447 5,883 288 5,929 159 1931 13,265 1,433 6,,531 648 6,734 805 1941 14,480 1,215 7,260 729 7,220 486 1951 18,914 4,434 8,644 9,480 2,220 9,434 2,214 Allinagaram (P) . . .. Periyakulam •. 1901 6,436 3,152 3,284 1911 7,310 874 3,619 467 3,691 407 1921 7,603 293 3,855 236 3,748 57 1931 9,678 2,075 4.874 1,019 4,804 1,056 1941 13,123 3,445 6,484 1,610 6.G39 1,835 1951 18,670 5,547 12,234 9,498 3,014 9,172 2,533 Tlrumangalam (P) .. Tlrumangalam 1901 8,894 4,204 4,690 1911 . 9,840 946 4,823 619 5,017 327 1921 10,175 335 4,989 166 5,186 169 1931 10,475 300 §,003 14 5,472 286 1941 11,111 636 5,312 309 5,799 327 1951 16,132 5,021 7,238 7,927 2,615 8,205 2,406 Ayakudi (P) Palm .. 1901 14,725 6,935 7,790 · . 1911 11,846 2,879 5,682 1,253 6,164 1,626 1921 14,810 2,964 7,062 1,380 7,748 1,584 1931 15,201 391 7,256 194 7,945 197 1941 15,903 702 7,841 585 8,062 117 1951 14,706 1,197 19 7,177 664 7,529 533 Melur (P) l\Ielur .. 1901 10,100 4,859 5,241 · . 1911 9,972 128 4,816 43 .5,156 85 1921 4,774 5,198 2.354 2,462 2,420 2,736 1931 8,116 3,342 4,039 1,685 4,077 1,657 1941 9,592 1,476 4,673 634 4,919 842 1951 14,073 4,481 3,973 7,062 2,389 7,011 2,092 Usilampattj (P) . . .. Tirumangalam 1901 6,335 3,172 3,163 1911 7,725 1,390 3,915 743 3,810 647 1921 7,006 - 719 3.506 409 3,500 310 1931 8,705 1,699 4,400 894 4,305 805 1941 11,745 3,040 5.879 1.479 5,866 1,561 1951 14,047 2,302 7,712 6,997 1,118 7,0.50 1,184 Sholavandan (P) •• Nilakkottai 1901 13,556 6,525 7,031 1\)11 12,41C) 1,137 5,957 568 6,462 569 ] 921 9,500 2,919 4.622 1,335 4.878 1,584 1931 9,098 402 4.447 175 4,651 227 1941 10,804 1,706 5,868 921 5,486 785 19.)1 13,147 2,343 409 6,469 1,101 6,ff78 1,242 Uttamapalayam (P) .. PenY -20. MADURAI DISTRICT. A-IV-Towns classified by Population with variation since 1901. Net Towns. Taluk. Persons. Van(1· variahon ~1JaI6s. VaIla- Females. Vana- hon. 1901- tion. hon. 19.31. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) Theya,ram (P) PenyakuLam I U()l 10,293 4.9.58 5,335 1\)11 12,005 l.'i12 .5.878 (120 1].127 792 Ill21 11,129 876 .5,6118 no ,5,.521 606 ]H31 13,610 2,481 6.7(J0 1.151 (J,850 1,329 Hl41 8,803 4,807 4,440 2,320 4,,363 2,487 19;;1 10,447 1,644 J.'54 5,263 813 ;;,184 821 :Natham (P) ::\lelur . 190] 7,796 3.166 4,030 HIll 7,111 685 3,]66 400 3.145 28J In21 9,624 2.,513 4,701 1,33.5 4.923 1,178 1931 7,790 1,834 3,.1.).5 8fi6 J,9.5.5 ll68 1041 8,754 n64 4,344 .,en 4,410 4;'.5 19.>1 10,439 1,68,5 2,643 5.172 828 5.267 857 Batlagundu (P) .. Ndakkottm 1901 1911 12,567 6,195 6,372 1921 11,719 848 .jJ41 4.H 5,978 394 1931 13,098 1,379 6,497 7.,6 6,601 623 Hi41 7,871 ."),227 J,950 2,.5.!/ 3,921 2,680 l(J.,)l 10,245 2,374 5,053 I, 103 5,192 1,271 ·Class V (5,000 to 10,000)- Tiruparankllndram (P). nIadnr:l! 1901 4,528 2.316 2.212 1911 4,778 250 2,37.5 .59 2,403 If11 1921 5,254 476 2,69.5 320 2.·j;j9 156 1931 5,749 495 2.950 261 2.793 234 1941 5,702 47 2,81.5 141 2.887 94 19.51 9,010 3,308 4,482 ,/ 428 1,613 4,.582 1,695 AndipattI-Jakkampattl PenyakuJuIl'l . 1001 7,899 3.965 3.934 (P). 1\l1l 8,725 826 4,8:24 3.j!) 4,401 467 }\)2] 8,894 16!) 4.449 1 ~.) 4,44-5 44 1 !)31 10,097 1.203 .5.049 600 /j,048 603 1041 7,944 2,133 4,034 1,015 3,910 1,138 19.51 8,889 D45 D90 4,498 464 4,391 481 Elumalai (P) TlrumangaJam 1901 5,444 2,078 2,766 1911 6,111 (ifi7 3/),5(; :3i,~ 3,0,5.5 289 1921 6,415 304 3.170 120 3,239 184 6·)0) H)31 7,037 -~ 3,485 309 3,552 313 }!)41 8,099 1.062 3,944 ii)!) 4,15.5 603 I g,il 8,201 102 2,757 4,086 142 4,11'.5 ~ 40 Ndakkotlai (P) .. NllakkottaJ .. 1901 5,269 2,.5.34 2,i'J.S- 1911 6,204 ~)3.5 3,04(j .,12 3,158 423 IfJ11 6,074 130 J,M2 44 3,072 86 1931 5,842 232 2,899 103 2,943 129 1941 7,953 2,111 3.1.5;' 258 4.796 1,833 1031 6,112 1,841 843 3,062 9" 3,0.50 1,716 ·Class VI (under 5,000)- Peraiyur (P) Tlrumangalam 1901 3,540 1,738 1.802 lOll 4,145 60,; 2.096 3.'i8 2.049 247 1921 4,181 36 2/)93 3 2,088 39 !"""-.) 1")31 4,953 II~ 2,498 40.) 2,45~j 367 10H 4,726 227 2,.311 127 2,3.5,j 100 1951 4,983 237 1,443 ':,506 135 2,477 122 Kooranur (P) .. Palni 1901 3,973 1.821 2,152 HJll 4,444 471 2,U22 201 ;?,422 270 ]921 4,253 191 1.887 13" ;?,366 56 1931 4,574- 321 2,110 223 2,464 fl8 1941 5,360 7il6 2,481 3il 2,879 415 19.;1 4,838 522 865 2,1(j/, 31~ 2.671 208 District Total .. 1901 346,882 § 1(;7,132 179,7.50 1911 262,241 - 84,641 129,.562 - 37,570 132,679 - 47,071 1921 305,396 43,155 1.52.467 22,905 1.52,929 20,250 1931 442,386 136,990 221,4.53 68,986 220,9.3.3 68,004 1941 575,751 133,365 2~8,().j8 66,605 287,693 66,760 1951 805,304 229,553 458,422 403,983 117,925 ;]99,;]21 111,628 § Some area was transferred from :\IadufaJ distnct to Ramanathapuram dlstl'ict botween 1901 and 1911. 22 20. MADURAI DISTRICT . A-V-Towns arranged alukwise with Population by Livelihood Classes. This table shows the analysis of the Urban popUlation in (ii) Non-Agricultural Glasses. towns by livelihood classes, instead of by commulllties as in Persons (including dependants) who derive theIr principal the previous Census. means of lIvelihood from :- 2. Under the Indian Census Economic Classification V. Production (other than cultivation). Scheme, the people have been di\~ided into two broadliveli VI. Commerce. hood categories. viz., the Agricultural Classes and the VII. Transport. Non-Aaricultural Classes. There are four Agricultural VIII. Other services and miscellaneous sources. classes ~nd four Non-Agricultural classes as shown below :- 3. In this table the figures fOf the agricultural livelihood classes I to III afe not given separately but have been (i) Agricultural Gla88e~. clubbed together. I. Cultivators of land wholly or mainly owned and 4. The towns in each taluk of the di3trict afe arranged in their dependants. the order of their population as in Table A-IV. 5. Municipality, Panchayat and Cantonment are indi II. Cultivators of land wholly or mainly unowned cated by the use of the letters (M),(P),(C), respectively and their dependants. within brackets. III. Cultivating labourers and their dependants. 6. For the definition of a " Town" see fly-leaf to Table A-I. IV. Non-cultimting owners of land, agricultural 7. Towns newly appearing at this Census have been print rent receivers, and their dependants. ed in italics. ,-______Livelihood---.-A- classes. PopulatIOn. Non-agricultural classes. ,- ~------~ r------~..A..-_-__-__..... Persons (mcluding dependantE) who Talnk. Name of town. Persons. 1\'[ales. Females. derive their principal means of livelihood from ,-______..A. ______~ Y. ProductIOn other than VI. Camme rce. cultivatIOn. ,-___-A.. ___ "" ,..-____..A. ___, ]\Iil1es. Females. j\,'[ales, Females. (1) ('>\-I (3) (4) (.3) (G) (7) (8) (H) Palni (r.I) t~ :-" 3 .. ,486 17,424" 17,OG2 3.197 2,!l27 4.2.0 4,23.3 Ayakucb (P) l±,706 7.17i' 7 .. )20 53:? 488 ,;07 ;:;21 K"eranUl' ,P) 4.838 2,167 2,671 166 183 4!l7 682 Kodalk,vlftl Korl,c]ka.nal (M) 10.941 5,717 5,224 782 6,,7 6,')2 504 DmdIgul Dwdlgul (M) 7'l,3tH 3D.';;}!) 38.542 12,153 11,762 10,722 10,349 NllakkottaI Rholiwa,nda.n (P) 13,147 G,46U 6,678 844 '100 6CJO 696 Do Batla,gunrlu (P) 10,245 5.0,;3 5.1!)2 ,506 568 1.139 1,213 Do. N1lakkotl.ai (p) 6,112 3.062 :3,050 557 ,540 1.02,' 1,015 M",lur Melur (P) 14,073 7,062 7.011 803 898 1,491 1,525 Do. Natham (P) 10,439 5,li2 5,:!67 571 513 841 882 Pel'Iya.kuLlm Bodmayakanur ~M). 3,3, 9 I::l 17.93.'; 17,977 2,008 1,873 2,44.5 2,170 Do Penyakul .20. MADURAI DISTRICT. A-V-Towns arranged talukwise with Population by Livelihood Classes. Livelihood classeE-cont. ~------~--~ Non·agrIcultural classes. Agricultural classes. r------__.A..------., .--- -"------, Per90ns (mcludmg d"pf'ndantR) who dern'(l then' prmdpal means of IV. Non.cultn·atmg I-III. CultIvatols, livehhood from owners of land, eultl VB tmg Taluk. ~am(l of town. r------___ J-.,.______--, ngrlCultural rent labourers and their VIII. Other receivers and then' dependants. VII. Transport. serVIces and dependants. miscellaneous sourees. r---___.A.---~ r----...A..---~ r---_.-A..---~r---__A...---...... Males. Females. Males. Females. ::\lales. Female,. ::\lales Femaleo • (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) Palni Palni 1M) 950 91:; 6.367 6,294 ll8 142 2,522 2,5-t9 Do. Ayakudi (P) 85 77 2,903 3,274 100 96 3,030 3,073 Do KeelaImr (F) 21 34 581 720 35 38 867 1,014 Kodalkanal Kodmkanal (M) 171 167 3,295 3,061 816 745 Dindlgul Dindigul (M} 2,1";31 2,142 12,181 12,;303 338 3.33 1,894 1,433 Nilakkottai Sholavand<1n (P) 164 149 1,636 1,698 410 .500 2.72.3 2,835 Do. Batl<1gundu (P) 226 2,')5 1,346 1,381 184 191 1,562 1,584 Do. .Vilnkkottai (p) 58 985 1,014 31 38 404 .389 J\lelur :Uelur IP) .. 195 159 1,992 2,0!19 221 261 2,270 2,129 Do. Natham (P) 90 101 1,847 1,U78 384 395 1,433 1,396 Perlyakulam Bodmayak<1uur (J\I). 257 218 7,326 8,268 354 424 5,345 :5,024 Do. PIll'lyakulam (M) ~.. 1,364 1,888 5,498 5,198 335 533 4,359 4,474 Do. Cumbum (P) t In 164 4,708 4,832 307 469 4,93-t 4,978 Do. Gudalur (P) 2± 1'l 1,431 1,600 213 170 6,643 6,855 Do. Chmnamanur (P) . . 90 95 2,531 2,603 525 675 4.234- 4,207 Do. Allmagaram (P) 320 3,333 3,273 173 187 2,732 2,732 Do. Uttamapalayam (P). 30 404 1,055 1,955 306 307 2,592 2,319 Do. Kombal (P) 17 21 1,080 1,018 272 28~) 3,008 3,108 Do. Thevaram (P) 19 13 1,662 1,762 96 74 2,421 2,292 Dc. Andlpattl.Jakkampatti (P) 79 75 770 744 25 23 1,133 1,208 'Tlrumangalam Tlrumangalam (P). 183 209 2,920 3,077 130 172 1,356 1,433 Do. USllampatti (P) 122 145 2,143 2,288 49 .34 2,133 2,074 Do. Elumalai tP) 17 19 780 847 11 21 2,000 2.563 Do. Peraiyur (P) 55 50 959 1,044 6 9 749 '195 ~ladurai l\ladurai (1\1) L.- 9,541 8,896 56,420 55,038 3,160 3,668 4,874 3,599 Do. 'l'iTupparankur.dram (P( 125 III 1,862 2,0404 86 47 1,096 1,193 District Total 16,922 16,102 128,717 129,553 7,982 9,145 67,752 66,291 24 oo~"" I~~l~ l!:~\""'":l O~~ O":""""x 1:-"l .... ~ .....-I-:-lc" G().,....."O ",,,0:, .... ~-. C'l""'" "''''''''' O~'" C)~~ .q.~ ..... ~.~c.o L-~~ ~~~ "'l ..... ~ ..... Oc-.lc.:. .-4"",:-;0':>" ~;~"""-j"' ~"'~... M~l""~'" M'~'",,' "'''''t-"'-:.£~'" O"'C; .,.....c:.-, ,...; .... ,...; ..., ...... MC'>,", .... ~J """" ""1'~"l.."':l ~l~~ :::r;,?'""'~ M"",,-"' ~~l..~ :=~~ ,...... ~?: ... ~I...~~ O"""" 0:.0 OO"'~~ ...... , L"'.:: l..~ ...... 00 ...... " l~ "I::tf """4 i.."'~~ 000"<> ~l..":l~ ':"J~~ r;-:~ 00'" "0... ,..; L..":~ r ._;;1 I <.:><.::g, 0"> ...... ~§1 .....e-i "'""'"...; I C'> ~~ r ~~i"._'" oJ a; a I ~> L C':I'O::j;l..":) ...... ~?: .... r ~~e.! I OO"'~"~ rr.:.~l~ I ..;.", I c;1)::.o"""" I .... l..~ (;>} cr~Oo MQ::1l..~ C>~~ ll"Je-~~ l--~~ 00 ...... " Cl,..., ,.,." 10 ':':2 ~ [-~! ".:~ OO~"l "''''''''~"",,,,:;.oo ...,.~'" C\l~~ c; oc,"'::::;C/:'" ~~c.i' ,..:~~ C~"'~ I l-~~ :5 I ~1,":'IC':l -~,..., C:C':l~ OC c-~ ~ .q.",,~ C\J":'J -- ..... <:', ..... ~l l"ooot ~i ~-." :=.., cJ'J l~ '"''"\ C-'~ M~~ "'~" _l..":'J~ .n"l.... c.o C h . .,..... '"'lCoJC"<':I ..,.~~ C":;~~l ..... Cil':\)~ ;::-.'JJ ...,.""'" C~l..":'"' J:r ~.. ~~.; t'":"~~'" oc..;c-i ~il...~f.::j'" l..~"~""; ~ ~~ ~ r- "''):'-: OC ~ C\~ ~:::::"'i", Cl ~,}: -"' ..... 0', ...... , I ""';'-1" "''''''' I __ ",C'> ..... 1 ":~~ ...... r .... ;,:: __ 0:, ..... O~~ t.."" ...... 1"'000 I :::1'-~ -"'~~~ C~::.o M""~ O,.:,c, =>:":l~ ~1C't':l~ [-",*~ C'l~~ ~~Oo::' t:: ~." l ~... ~~...... ,?:.:"'io!" O"'~"':::::.'" .....;~~'" -.. ~.. ~ ""","'e';~'" 1- ...... l..':) ~~~ l~ 1_ t ..... C'1~~ 00",,,, C C'; 1, ..... lC'l L': ~ 0'1 ..... L~ ~,....., L~~~ I": 0. c.o: "I~""-f 6 ~ ~-: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ co g ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~'O t:f;OC ~~ ...-J-~ _...... ~.. ~~ ~~ -~ 25 I~:t-.. 00 0 .... 00 "" .... '" ( ~"""'> 0"""".,jO....,"" ,....J.... ,...;~- ~"'~.. l:'o... I e-1JO-,""'t ..... I l":l<:::>~ 0 .... '" ...,,,,,,,,, """"..... '""00 .... L""J"""t ~ "",_ "-.... "" 1 ~",,,,> 00"" ...... ;ot::.cOO ~ ~ ""l.~ ~ ~...... ~... c-.l _:e-."~'" 00' 00~ e'i~ "'"'" .;. .... "" fh O'>l~'.:> L-, 0) (',Q 1~ .-..IlO~ '_"" L~~~ IN""'"OO .... '=' IN"'>'=' 00"""" M'''';e-}""""""" <:)oi"; <:1> .... "'> teQ)"ZIi .,jO'COO 00<0"'> 000"" OO'=''''' ...... "" <:" 00 "" 00"" .... 1...": hi!:-.... _",,00 ao~~ .c""""r:-.l..,,:!~ L..., ~h...... r-... ~.. ~.. ~e-.;,»' M"';o; <:) oi",,' <:'i"_;,,, .;< "" ~~~l 0 .... >0 CO"""" ="'~~ l~~~ ~ ~l_ "1"~~ ~""I~ ~~ .... 00"; ..... 000"'; ";,,;"'; ~l "'""I'""'t e-l~~ """,>""0""'.:> ~ .... "'> "" ...... "" ~,._,~ ".. ",,' ...; ,..;~... ,_; 00 ...... "',,:,\'."':) ~I::.Q~ _l.."':l~ e~~ ~l t-... ,,":) ",,,,, Olt:'~ ""..,""-Co:l~ ~l:.... I~ ~OO~ I"': ...,,..., 0"",., """""" :::""tt-...... '""'" ~ ~l O~~ 1-", ~"'~ ~~t-.. "",,~"'e:," ~;~.. 0""""~"'",; .... 1}10;' e-i'''''''I'' -..... "'...... ,,; .... C':l~ 'i'1~~ <:.:::.coc ~"l~ C ':'100 ::":l~~ ~t.... ~ .... ~)'~ O~I,"::I 1"""4 ~ ~~ I:':~","", ~"""'Cl ...,,,",,,, -~~ 00 ~~ _~ .. "'""I"~ ~l ~~~ _l.:~~ l!':~t"...... , ...... OC ~l ....0) .....,...",,"'~'" ci~ ~i'","","' CO' ",,''''; ~"',._,.. ",,' "",' :. ~ l.:-:, I.~~ M"0.. """'>0 ...... l.:~ '0 ~ ..~ 0':\11." t'-o,,~ 000 .... :zt-..~ """, ...... ~~ ~ ~'='l -",C:";, ~... ~.. cil..~ M"'~ c-i ~.~ C'<:"l "'"'" c)",;0:"""" c-, -. ~~ <::>t."':l"'""l "" 'i'll.."':)l...... L-:tr,')~ ~ ~~ "'"'" t-~~ 0""'" C l..":l"_~ 0"<"'> <:l""-.el~~ CO'''-; 1;f:"''''''1"''''''"' ...... 1""'4"~-"",'" I """'" l L "a... -;; ] 0 ,!( OJ ... Eo< ::s .. ;a 0 ~ ~ Eo< -;; ~ 3 a; 1 J Q ;a ~ ~ OJ E-< ~ .1 ~ ~ -0 J:: .! '0 ,.g ~ Eo< eo Eo<_.: 0:_ ~ j - ....0- .. ]-;;:: .: .: 1 .:: 51-<::! ~<::! 1- ~ ... .1 ... ~ .. -i::.g 1 ~ 2 ~~2 ..!':~.s .,i::2 ~ <::! I:) ;:! ... .- ;:! ... ~ ;:s .. .a~'f .. ~~ ei::~::s;l .. ~ .. oQ 'E >G~ -;&l~ '" ER:~ "g>G~ .SR:~ .,-;: ....-§~~ ·2~~ =>G~ 'i~;S i:i ~ ~ ~ Z 0"'1 ~ F- "":! Madurai--4 26 :20. MADURAI DISTRICT. B-ECONOMIC TABLES. B-I-Livelihood Classes and Sub· classes. This table shows by Rural Urban break-up for each census 3. The livelihood classification is based on the principal tract in the dIstrict the distribution of population, sex-wise, means of livelihood of the self-supporting persons, the prm among the eight livelihood classes and the three sub-classes, cipal means of livelIhood for earning and non·earnmg viz., self-supporting persons, non-earning dependants dependants being the same as that of the self-supporting and earning dependants under each li ...'elihood class into persons on whom they are dependant. which the economic characterIstics of the people b,ave been classified under the I.C.E.C. Scheme-vide fly-leaf 4. "The principal means of livelihood " is the means of to Table A-V. livelihood which provides the largest or the major part of the income in the case of self-supporting persons who have 2. The areas comprised in each of the Census tracts into more than one means of livelihood. In the case of other which this dIstrict has been delimited for purposes of self-supporting persons, it is the only means of livelihood. Census tabulation are given below ;- 5. A person has been regarded as "self-supporting", if Rural Tracts. the income secured by the person is sufficient at least for his No. 178.- All the villages and panchayats not treated (or her) own maintenance at the level of living adopted as census towns in Palni and Kodaikanal taluks. by him (or her) at the time of the Census. The income secured may be in cash or kind. Anyone 'who is not a " self No. l79.-All the villages and panchayats not treated supporting" person in this sense has been regarderl as a as census towns in Dindigul taluk. dependant. An 'earning' dependant is a person who No. l80.-All the villages and panchayats not treated secures an income which is not sufficient to support hIm as census towns in Nilakkottai taluk. (or her). A person who does not secure any income either No. l81.-All the villages and panchayats not treated in cash or kind, is a 'non-earning dependant.' as census towns in l\Ielur taluk. 6. The non-earning dependants include persons perform No. l82.-All the villages and panchayats not treated ing house'work or other domestic or personal services for as census towns in Periyakulam taluk. other members of the same family household, but do not No. l83.-All the villages and panchayats not treated include "unpaid family workers" or persons who take as census towns in Tirumangalam taluk. part along with the members of the family household in No. l84.-All the villages and panchayats not treated carrying on cultivation or a home mdustry as a family as census towns in Madurai taluk. enterprise. These latter persons have been classed as either self-supporting or earning dependants according to Non-City Urban Tracts. the share of income attributable to them. i No. 56.-Palni, Ayakudi and Keeranur towns in Paln 7. The 'lelf-supporting persons shown in I,ivelihood Class taluk, Melur and Natham towns in Melur taluk, VIII include also persons who derive their income otherwise Kodaikanal town in Kodaikanal taluk, Sholavan than through productive activity, i.e .. persons coming under dan. Batlagundu (Vattlagundu) and Nilakkottai the following groups, details for which are given in the fly towns in Nilakkottai taluk. leaf to Economic Table B-III :- ~o. 57.-Periyakulam, Bodinayakanur, Cumbum, Guda lur, Chinnamanur, Allinagaram, Uttamapala (l) Persons living principally on income from non yam, Kombai, Thevaram and Andipatti-Jakkam agricultural property; patti towns in Periyakulam taluk, Tirupparankund (2) Persons. living principally on pensions. remittances, ram town in ~'Iadurai taluk, Tirumangalam, Usilam patti, Elumalai and Peraiyur towns in Tiruman scholarships and funds; galam taluk. (3) Inmates of jails, asylums, alms houses and reci pients of doles; City Tracts. No. 27.-Dindigul city in Dindigul taluk. (4) Beggars and vagrants; and No. 28.-Madurai city in Madurai taluk. (5) All other persons living principally on mcome derived from non-productive activity. 27 ~~~~~;g~ ~. lQOOMOO~J:-o I I . I~ II L- C't':l C'l 0'1 ...... OOM'-< l e-fl.."""J~ ( . 8~~2~?;:; ~ C't':l~C-l~""'~O C\I \$ L'":'" 0'" te'" ~.... to 1-;:n.... ~ Cl ~ C'l C ~ 0c-> lQ ,...., C'l ~ ...... ,_ -: q, Ii .... "'" ", Madurai-4A 28 .,.,~ecl:'-<:'-l="" 0 .-(e-l~ 00+' ~OO~Q"'lfIIr-o r_.. ~"'I:I'II'!'J 00 ~~.. q-qoot:t C\:I .-(~ ...... ~ ,...., 1"-1 ,...... a:: ~,.. ;"~.....,'" OO....;-l~ ~ 0"""0 e-l t- ..... ~ O';l ~r:J:"': M C'11O~- ~ ..;< 0:> "" "" I:'- ~.,., ll) t"-ot-O";Ir-\.OCOI:- "1!4 Q':>-.::t4C'l~~\O~ ...... ~..;:.£ ~r..:~LI'"J'" ..r; 1"-1~~....-!C'1","", C\I... ~ .....00 ci 29 r ,...., ,....,o -" 0 L~ ~c.Cf:l o ,,"r--..;< o 0"",'0 ""Jr)' M~ ,...., <:>0"0 O_.~ OL~\.O 000""" ~c>t<) L~l.C ~ ...... r- _. L..~ ~OO"'O.. ~ll""-l 1:.0 '!C ~l ~L~,.... t-Ot _;tC~"' -ecCCO'>,....; '" l.""-~l~ t2~:i '>1 l_.,....-I~ <-0"" 0<-00 c-1OO,...j c-:t<'" CCM-:t< e-l~~ ~..,~... ~ 'i'l 00 <:><--:t< _OCol ~"'L~ lI l 30 20. MADURAI DISTRICT. B-II-Secondary means of Livelihood. This table gives for the district the number of p~rsons, importance to their principal means of livelihood. In in each of the eight livelihood classes mentioned in economic respect of earning dependants, it is the means of livelihood Table B-1, who possess a secondary means of livelihood; which provides the earning. or the largest part of their and cross classifies them (according to the nature ()f such income if they have more than one source of income. means of livelIhood) under the same eight livelihood classes. 3. Non-earning dependants and self-supporting persons 2. The seondary means of livelihood shown for self who have no secondary means of livelihood are excluded supporting per:,;ons is the means of livelihood next in from this table. Xumber of p"rsons deriving their secondary means of livelihood from. r- ~, Cultlvat!C>n of owned land. Cultivation of unowned land. r- ,- ~ Livelihood Classes. Self.supporttng Earning depen- Self-supporting Earning depen•. Total. persons. da.nts. Total. persons. dants Males. Fema.les· Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. (1) (3) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) Agricultural Classes. I. Cultiva.tors of land wholly 1,065 771 1,065 771 1,203 606 677 91 526 515 or malUly owned. II. CultIva.tors of land 293 12;) 186 17 107 108 207 149 207 149\ wholly Or mainly unowned. III. CultIVating labourers. 509 713 268 269 241 444 1,430 1,163 1,213 5;)9 217 604 IV. Non-cultivating owners 76 21 52 10 24 11 35 23 24 10 11 13 of land; agrIcultural rent receivers. Total (Agricultural Classes) 19,43 1,630 506 296 1,437 1,334 2,875 1,941 1,914 660 961 1,281 Non-AgricHltllrClf Classes. (Persons who dern'e their principal meanS of hveli- hood from) V. Production (other than 834 331 647 86 187 245 205 34 163 9 42 25 cultivation). VI. Commerce 704 76 630 21 74 55 197 19 170 2 27 17 VII. Transport - 67 21 53 4 14 17 11 !) 10 1 9 VIII. Other services and 1,162 23;; 1,008 53 1M 182 348 58 299 8 49 50, miscellaneous sources. Total (Non·Agricultural 2,767 663 2,338 164 429 499 761 120 642 19 119 101 Classes). 31 20. MADURAl DISTRICT. B-JI-Secondary means of Livelihood. Number of persons deriving theIr secondary means of Ilve!.hood from -"- ...... , Employment as cultivating labomer. Rent on agricultural land . r- ..)..._------...... , ,------"- ---, LIVelihood Classes. Self.supporting E<1I.llng depen. Self.supportmg Eal'nmg depen- Total. persons. dants. Total. persons. dants. ~--- ~ ~ ~ :Ua.Jes. Females. Males. Fema.Jes. ]lli1les. Females. 1Iales. Females. Males.------FenMles. Males. Females. (H) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24-) (25) Agricultural Classes-cont. 1. Cultivators of l,md wholly 8,299 8,318 3,5J~ 1,061 4,747 7,237 1,758 527 1,736 511 22 16 or mamly owned. II. Cultivators of land 2,508 2,:>75 955 149 1,653 2,426 19 7 9 10 7 wholly or mainly unowned. III. Cultn-atIllg labourers. 4,661 8,396 4,661 8,3(l6 20 136 8 77 12 59 IV. Non·cultivating Owners 165 272 68 77 97 193 10 6 10 6 of land; AgrlCulturaJ rent receivers. Total (Agricultural Classes) .. 15,733 19,561 4,575 1,287 11,158 18,274 1,807 676 1,753 588 54 88 Non.Agricultural Classes-cont. (Persons who derive their pJ;lllclpal mean'! of lIveli· hood from) V. ProductIon (other than 1,528 ),996 7140 20-1, sa 1,,92 1.54 19 138 9 16 10 cultivatlon). VI. Commerce 318 377 145 42 173 335 579 54 516 4 63 50 VII. Transport 53 49 22 2 31 47 53 4 39 2 14 2 VIII. Other services and 1,1::!J 1,699 395 130 729 1,369 682 84 6·19 27 33 57 mIscellaneous Sources. Tot,,} (Non·Agricu)t.ura} 3,023 4,121 1,276 378 1,747 3,743 :1,468 161 1,342 42 126 :119 Classes). N urn bel'S of persons uenving their secondary means of JevehllOod from r- J.- ProductIon (other thrill cultivatIon). Commerce. LivehhooJ Clas'les, Self.supportmg Earnmg clepen. Self.supportmg Ell1ning depen- Total. persons. Total. ----.dants. persons. dants. ::Ilales. FemaJes. 1I1ale~. Females. ::Ilales Females. ::IIalcs. Fem"les. ::IIales. Females, Males. Females (26) (27) (28) (:W) (30) (31) (32) (33) (3.J-) (35) (36) (37) Agricultwal Classes-cont. I. Cultlvators of land wholly 3,006 1.(.n 3,126 5Sg 1,880 1,082 4,691 1,000 3,709 370 982 630 or mamly owned. II. CuliJvators of land 955 308 475 26 480 282 681 185 496 24 185 161 wholly 01' mainly unowned. III. Cultivating labourers. 1,699 1,047 813 3S9 886 638 4.52 fi13 _I~"~,, 78 180 435 IV. Non.cu1tivating owners 311 83 213 2) 98 62 627 1 -IQ- 471 2.3 156 102 of land ; Agricultural rent receivers. Total (Agricultural Classes). 7,971 3,109 4,627 1,025 3,344 2,084 6,451 1,825 4,948 497 1,503 1,328 Non·Agncultural Classes-cont. (Persons who derive their prinCipal means ofliveli- hood from) V. ProductIon (other than 5,261 1,994 IH14 158 4,297 1,836 1,195 375 328 43 867 332 cultivation). VI. Commerce 858 231 188 8 670 223 2,721 434 434 42 2,287 92 VII. Transport 160 48 26 134 48 155 44 23 132 44 YIII. Other services anil 1,324 674 277 41 1.047 633 943 353 269 34 674 319 mIscellaneous SOurces. 'Total (Non·Agricultural 7,603 2,947 1,455 207 6,148 2.7400 5,014 1,206 1,054 119 3,960 1,087 Classes). 32 20. MADURAI DISTRICT. B-ll-Seeondary means of Livelihood. Number of persons deriving their secondltry means of livelihood from Transport. Other services and miscellaneous SOurces. r- Livelihood Classes. Self.supporting Earning depen' Self.supporting Earning depen- Total. persons. dants. Total. persons. dants. Males. Females. 111\1es.------Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males.---- Females. Males. Females. (38) (39) (40) (41) (42) (43) (44) (45) (46) (47) (48) (49) Agricultural Olasses--cont. 20 102 40 5,499 2,289 3,446 312 2,053 1,977 I. Cultivators of land wholly 467 60 365 or mainly owned. 21 90 2 47 19 1,243 893 639 85 604 808 II. Cultiva.tors of land 137 wholly or mainly unowned. 26 11 27 16 1,283 1,666 414 196 869 1,470' III. cultivating labourers. 53 27 35 5 1 656 237 465 82 191 155 IV. Non.cultivatmg owners 40 1 of land; agriCultural rent receivers. 516 33 181 76 8,681 5,085 4,964 675 3,71'1 4,41(» Total (Agricultural Classes). 697 109 Non.Agricultural Ola.9ses--cont. (Persons who derive ~hei.r principal means of Ilveh· hood from.) 2 1,490 1,026 388 82 1,102 944 V. Production (other than 109 2 18 91 cultivation). 2 2.3 75 2 990 449 383 27 607 422 VI. Commerce 100 11 21 2 137 9 199 180 27 2 172 178 VII. Transport 158 137 36 4 150 133 4,650 3,858 952 186 3,698 3,672 YIII. Other services and 186 miscellaneOuS sources. 6 453 146 7,329 5,513 1,750 297 5,579 5,216, Total (Non·Agricultural 553 152 100 Classes.) 33 20. MADURA I DISTRICT. B-I1I-Employers, Employees and Independent Workers in Industries and Services by Divisions and Subdivisions. This table gives figures for each Census traot in the dist Division and subdiVIsions of the LivelIhood class. Indian Census Economic riot. The areas comprised in each census tract have been ClassificatIOn Scheme. specified in the fly-leaf to economic table B-I In this tables DIVIsion O.-Prlmary Industries not the self-supporting persons ill the four Non-Agricllltural elsewhere speCIfied Classes given in Economic table B-1 are distributed in rDiVIsion I.-Milling and quarrying. the various divisions and subdivisions of Industries and DiviSIon 2.-Processing and Manu- Services under the Indian Census Economic Classification Class V.-Production 1! factuhre o~ Fododstuffs , Textiles. th th It t'o Leat er an pro ucts thereof . Scheme, accordmg to their secondarJ Economic Sta.tus, o er an cu IVd I n. DivlSlon 3.-Processing and Manu- namely, Employer, Employee and Independent worker. facture--Metals, Chemicals and Products thereof. 2. (An) Employer (is) a person who employs other DiviSIOn 4.-Processing and Manu persons in order to carryon the business from which he IL facture-Not elsewhere specified. secures his livelihood and pays them a salary or wage in Class Vr.-Commerce •• Division 6.-Commerce. cash or kind. Subdivisions 7'0 to 7'4 of Division 7- 3. (An) Employee (is) a person who ordinarily works for Class VII.-Transport " Transport Storage and Communi- some other person for a salary ()r a wage, whether in cash { catIOns. or in kind iu order to earn his livelihood. DiviSion 5.-Construction and Utili ties. 4. (An) Independent worker (is) a person who works on Division 7.-Transport, Storage and his own without being employed by anyone for a sahry Class VIII.-Other Communications with the exception or wage and who does not also employ a.nyon~ else in services and misoella- of subdivisions 7'0 to 7'4. neous sources. DiVISIon 8.-Health, Educat.ion anrl order to earn his livelihood. Public AdministratIon 5. Under the New India.n Census Economic Cla,Bslfica, DiVISion 9.-Servlces not elsewhere tion Scheme all Employers a.nd Independent workers specified. have been classified with reference to the Oom llodity C1ass VIII also includes persons who derive their produced or serviees performed by them individually. principal means of livelihood from miscel1a.neous sources As regards Empluyees, all persons engaged in Production, (otherwise than through economic activity), e g., income Commerce, or Transport (and not being domestia servants) from investments, pensions and family remittances, have been classified with reference to their own activit) proceeds of begging and other unproductive activitws. and wit1-jout reference to that of theu employer. Dome'ltic These are not however, included in this table 80S it IS servants have been clas-ifird in one subdivision without limited to Industries a.nd Services Hence there will be a. reference to the natUl'e of their work. All other Emplo difference to this extent between the tot,d self-supporting yees (including all managerial and supervisory employees, persons of the Non-Agricultural classes in Economic Table clerical services, messengers, watchmen and unskilled B-I and the total of this table, Thf' reconciliation will be labour of every description) have been classified w·ith effected by adding the figures given in the next paragraph. reference to the cJmmodity produC'ed or services rendered 7. Details of persons who derlve their princip:11 meam bJ: ~heir Employers. of livelihood otherwise than through productive activity 6. The Non-agricultural cla.sses classified in Economic and who are included under li velihood Class VIn Table B-1, corr('spond to the divisions and subdivisions mentioned in th fly·l'?af to Economic Table B-I 80re into which they are distributed in this table as follows :- given below :-- All other Peraons livmg Inmateo of Persons living persons living principally on jails and prm(llpally on principally on Beggars and penSions, remitt- asylums, alms inoome derived Tract number. Total. mcome from houses and vagrants. ances, scholar- from non- Non·agrlcul. recipients of ships and productive tural property. doles. funds. activities. ____..______~~~ _ M. F. ~---M, F. M. F. M. F. M F. M. F. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) Rural- 178 168 69 3 3 70 31 92 37 179 HI 36 37 17 1 87 35 180 75 19 2 3 1 67 18 3 181 64 11 64 '11 182 126 37 15 III 37 183 183 43 11 183 41 184 4 4 Rural Total 761 215 42 1 38 2 2 586 178 95 3T Urban- 27 City 402 173 8 128 12 274 153 28 Do. 1,921 725 498 432 431 77 59 992 157 ;;6 Non-CIty 383 67 10 29 76 8 50 247 30 57 Do. 102 49 102 49 Urban Total 2,808 1,014 508 469 635 97 50 59 1,615 389 District Total .. 3,569 1,229 550 470 673 99 50 61 2,201 562 95 37 Madurai-5 34 20. MADURAI DISTRICT. B·nI-Employers, Employees and Independent Workers in Industries and Services by Divisions and Subdivisions. AI! IndustrIes and services. -.. Independent Tract No. Total. Employers. Employees. workers . r------""------~ ...--~ ...---"---.. ...---"---.. P. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) Rurlll- 178 16,620 13,841 2,779 521 158 2,867 571 10,453 2,050 179 21,557 18,209 3,348 1,369 174 4,996 1,046 11,844 2,128 180 12,246 10,162 2,084 816 105 4,986 874 4,360 1,105 181 8,042 5,974 2,068 181 25 1,725 354 4,068 1,689 182 23,271 18,875 4,396 852 56 4,8'5 1,125 13,138 3,215 183 9,124 7,618 1,506 868 139 2,155 387 4,595 980 184- 21,584 16,848 4,736 1,725 305 10,648 2,737 4,475 1,694 Rural Total 112,444 91,527 20,917 6,332 962 32,262 7,094 52,933 12,861 Urban- 27 City 27,234 15,490 11,744 1,130 969 10,490 5,909 3,870 4,866 28 Do. 92,622 82,339 10,283 6,474 593 55,606 6,446 20,259 3,244 56 Non.Clty 22,719 19,008 3,711 1,Oll 98 8,326 1,472 9,671 2,141 57 Do. 41,221 32,622 8,599 1,897 169 15,506 2,975 15,219 5,455 Urban Total 183,796 149,459 34,337 10,512 1,829 89,928 16,802 49,019 15,706 District Total 296,240 240,986 55,254 16,844 2,791 122,190 23,896 101,952 28,567 DIVIsion O-Primary industries not elsewhere specified. Subdivision O'I-Stock raising. ...- -.. r------...... Jo- Independent , Independent Tract No. Total. Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employee~. workers. ... _...... _ _--- ~ - -~-- M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) Rural- 178 561 118 25 4 127 11 409 103 9 2 7 I 36 12 179 671 138 35 4 223 28 413 106 4 1 42 2 82 5 180 728 91 85 I 329 39 314 51 25 no 6 20 11 181 130 32 3 29 6 98 26 25 6 39 14 182 3,869 674 187 11 1,627 197 2,055 466 115 4 324 4 466 54 183 399 27 16 2 103 4 280 21 7 2 85 4 214 15 184- 375 18 51 1 74 3 250 14 8 1 38 2 97 2 Rural Total 6,733 1,098 402 23 2,512 288 3,819 787 168 10 631 25 954 113 Urban- 27 City 87 8 23 56 1 1 28 Do. 466, 28/ 19 2 164 8 283 18 3 7 44 2 58 Non-City 811 92 121 15 115 575 77 14 65 10 ~7 Do. 1,510 471 99 932 260 479 211 2 54 2 43 5 Urban Total 2,814 591 247 17 1,234 268 1,393 306 5 76 2 153 17 District Total 9,607 1,689 649 40 3,746 556 5,212 1,093 173 10 707 27 1,107 130 Subdivision O'2-Rearing of small animals and msects. Subdivision _...__0'3-Plantation industrIes. r- ..--- Independent Indep!'ndent TraotNo. Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. workers. __.___..... ~~ -----. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. (25) (26) (27) (28) (29) (30) (31) (32) (33) (34) (35) (36) Rural- 178 14 2 91 8 239 58 179 .. 1 30 2 142 12 266 46 180 1 6 55 1 172 5 181 28 lSI 3 8 3 3 1 l82 12 72 2 1,144 97 1,188 13 183 2 8 4 11 22 2 184- 43 28 136 4 Rural Total 19 22 3 218 7 1,588 122 2,035 152 Urban- 27 City .. S 15 39 28 Do. 1 32 8 9 1 54 5 23 2 56 Non-City 121 ]5 101 234 57 Do. 96 853 251 299 105 Urban Total 1 '82 6 234 16 1,023 256 595 107 District Total 19 1 54 9 452 23 2,611 378 2,630 259 35 20. MADURAI DISTRICT. B-III-Employers, Employees and Independent Workers in Industries and Services by Divisions and Subdivisions. Subdivision 0'4-Forestry lind oollection of Subdivision 0'5-Hunting (including trapping and Forest Produoes not. e1"e where speoified. game propaga.tion). r- ~------, r- ..A.-- Independent lndt-pendent Tract No. Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. workers. _,.__ _. _ M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. (37) (38) (39) (40) (41) (42) (43) (44) (45) (46) (47) (48) Rural- 178 2 2!.l 2 125 33 179 1 1 38 14 64 55 180 5 45 28 90 10 13 1 181 3 1 32 8 12 182 5 147 96 400 399 183 5 5 36 4 184 8 1 17 8 Rural Total 16 6 273 \ 141 764 517 25 t Urban- 27 CIty 7 16 28 Do. 2 1 102 2 120 7 12 56 Non·City 229 67 3 57 Do. 1 25 7 126 97 Urban Total 3 1 134 9 491 171 15 District Total 19 7 407 150 1,255 688 ~ .' . 40 1 Subdivision O·6-Fishing. Divhion I-Milling and Quarrying. ---, Ind", pendent Independent Traot No. Employers. Employees. workers. Total. Employers. Emyloyees. workers. ---_,,_--- ,-~~ ------, M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. (49) (50) (51) (52) (53) (54) (55) (56) (57) (58) (59) (60) (61) (62) Rural- 178 9 349 119 2 16 3 331 116 179 1 480 102 22 !J 110 22 298 71 180 1 4 1 180 20 2 7 7 6 171 7 181 4 145 24 3 28 3 114 21 1~2 1 808 114 32 164 4 612 110 183 424 37 25 5 59 8 34/) 24 184 149 99 71 40 39 58 39 1 Rural Total 1 19 1 2,485 515 157 61 428 104 1,905 350 Urban- 27 City 100 752 4 29 67 752 28 Do. 5 1 52 1 127· 32 / 5 11 72 5 50 16 56 Non-City 44 156 20 156 20 57 Do. H 4 8 7 8 7 Urban Tc.tal 5 1 107 5 891 811 9 11 101 5 281 795 District Total 5 2 126 6 2,876 1,326 166 72 524 109 2,186 1,145 Subdivision 1'G-Non-metallic mining and quarrying not otherwise cJassdied. Subdivision 1'I-Ooal mining. ---, Independent Independent Tract No. Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. workers. -__"_.-~ ----- ... _ M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. (63) (64) (65) (66) (67) (68) (69) (70) (71) (72) (73) (74) Rural- 178 16 19 179 180 181 Z 182 2 81 16 183 184 2 12 28 37 Rural Total 2 14 28 136 35. Urban- 27 City 4 16 67 752 28 Do. I 11 11 2 3 5 56 Non·City 57 Do. 3 Urban Total 5 11 27 2 70 780 District Total 7 11 41 30 206 795 Madurai-5A 86 20. MADURAI DISTRICT. B-IlI-Employers, Employees and Independent Workers in Industries and Services by Divisions and Subdivisions. SubdIvisIOn l'2-Iron ore milling. ., Subdivision,---.______l'3-Metal minmg .A.-. ______except rron.ore mining.-----. Independent Independent Tract No Employers. Employees. workers. Employers Employees. workers. ,--...... ___., ,...... --A------, ,....--.A._--., r----.A-----.,---...... ____. ..--..A.-..-..., M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F . (75) (76) (77) (78) . (79) (80) (81) (82) (83) (84) (85) (86) Rural- 178 17() 180 181 182 52 183 19 5 46 6 253 19 184 Rural Total 19 5 46 6 305 19 Urban- 27 City 28 Do. 2 9 8 3 56 Non,CIty .. 57 Do. Urban Total 2 9 8 3 District Total 21 5 55 6 313 22 SubdivisIOn l'4--Crude petroleum and natural gas. Subdivision l'5-Stone.quarrymg, clay and sand pits. ,------., r-- -"------., Independent Independent Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. Tract :N'o. ,-__. .A..___ ., workers. .--~--., ,,-----A------, ,..--.A.---...., ~ r----A------, M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. (87) (88) (89) (90) (91) (93) (93) (94) (95) (96) (97) (98) Rural- 178 2 16 3 315 g7 179 22 9 llO 22 298 71 180 2 7 7 6 171 7 181 3 28 3 112 21 182 2 1 30 161 4 47g 94 183 6 13 2 87 5 184 2 1 69 40 27 30 Rural Tota 2 1 2 1 134 56 362 70 1,462 295 Urban- 27 City 13 28 Do. 2 52 3 3!J 7 56 Non·City 156 20 57 Do. 8 4 Urban Total .. 2 65 3 203 31 District Total .. 2 1 2 1 136 56 427 73 1,665 326 t:lubdIvision 1·6-MICa. Subdivision l'7-Salt, saltpetre and salme sUbstances. .... r------~ Independent Independent Tract No. Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. workers. ,----_.A._---, r-- ,-_.A--, ,----"""""____' .--~ .---.A--, M. F. M. F. M if M. F. M. F. M. F. (99) (100) (lOl) (102) (103) (104) (105) (106) (107) (108) (109) (110) Rural- 178 179 l.'30 181 182 183 184 Rural Total Urban- 27 City 28 Do. 1 36 Non·City 57 Do. Urban Total .. 1 District Total .. 1 37 20. MADURAI DISTRICT. B-IIl-Employers, Employees and Independent Workers in Industries and Services by Divisions and Subdivisions. Division 2-ProceRsing a,nd manufacture-Foodstuffs, textiles. leather SuhdlvislOn :J·O-Food industries other- r:nd produ('ts thereof. Wise unclassified. r------"------, ,------"------. Tract No. Independent Independent. 'rotH,I. Employers Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. workers. r---..A-----, ,.-----"------, ....-----"------, ,.-----"------, r--.A----, ,----"'-----, ,----"------, M. F. M. F. ][, F. 11. F. 1\of. F. M. F. M. F. (111) (112) (113) (H4) (11.) ) (116) (117) (118) (1l9) (120) (121) (122) (123) (124) Rural- 178 2,873 236 84 7 344 36 2,445 193 1 179 4,586 .51.2 230 16 947 ,33 3,409 443 180 1,680 173 130 8 819 45 731 120 4 14 20 181 215 ,55 4 2 30 7 181 46 3 1 182 2,071 , 233 33 4 221 14 1,817 215 13 9 45 183 1,038 106 64 17 121 24 853 65 1 3 184 3,148 619 38 2,282 499 828 120 1 II 3 Rural Total 15,611 1,934 583 54 4,764 678 10,264 1,202 18 24 83 4 Urban- 27 City 3,139 6,302 177 798 1,669 2,976 1,293 2,528 10 38 38 195 28 Do. 28,356 4,043/ 1,425 156 :1I.302 2,695 5,629 1,192 35 1 105 1 76 1 56 NOD.City 1,427 173 36 2 680 38 711 133 1 8 13 57 Do. 3,913 822 75 3 2,010 464 1,828 355 38 2 44 4 Urban Total ., 36,835 11,340 1,713 959 25,661 6,173 9,461 4,208 46 1 189 3 171 200 District Total .. 52,446 13,274 2,296 1,013 30,425 6,851 19,725 5,410 64 1 213 3 254 004 Subdivision 2·1-Grains and pulses. Subdivision 2·2-Vegetable oil and dairy products. ,.-- --A. ----, ,.-- Independent Independent Tract No. Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. workers. ,.--__--A. __ ~ .A. ,.-----A..------, r-----"-----, ,.--____..A.._~ ,.--~ M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. (125) (126) (127) (128) (129) (130) (131) (132) (133) (134) (135) (136) Rural- 178 7 21 I 16 7 4 8 179 1 19 2 26 I 1 10 31 1 180 3 I 45 3 8 I 1 6 181 2 17 6 61 26 1 182 3 15 I 8 I 6 I I 19 5 183 3 5 4 7 184 3 172 II 4 I 17 2 41 46 Rural Total 22 1 294 24 127 35 12 2 29 2 113 52 Urban- 27 City 27 538 114 105 36 157 20 90 50 66 116 1,414 28 Do. 86 5 366 75 53 27 67 43 255 65 334 200 56 Non·City 14 2 208 16 4 2 2 29 3 16 57 Do. 6 I 52 9 25 25 1 2 28 205 155 Urban Total .. 133 546 738 205 118 211 90 135 362 134 671 1,769 District Total .. 155 547 1,032 229 245 246 102 137 391 136 784 1,821 Subdivision 2'8-Sugar Industries, SubdIvision 2·4-Beverages. ,.-- ,.-- --A. Independent Independent Tract No. Employers. Employeos. workers. Employers. Employees. workers. ,.----A ~-----.-A. r-___.A.----, ,.-----A..----, ,.-----A..------, ~-----"-----., M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. (137) (138) (139) (140) (141) (142) (143) (144) (145) (146) (147) (148) Rural- 178 4 3 5 131 179 1 1 I 20 6 62 5 8 140 28 180 5 570 8 49 42 3 11 181 1 3 182 3 2 183 5 16 2 184 1 4 2 13 I Rural Total 6 1 58() 8 89 54 72 5 28 284 29 Urban- 27 City 9 6 53 35 4 28 Do. 16 83 26 8 42 1 206 16 21 8 56 Non-City 1 25 1 2 31 3 5 1 57 Do. 6 13 17 1 1 6 5 1 Urban Total 23 121 43 10 54 7 296 54 35 10 District Total 29 1 701 -8 132 64 126 12 324 54 319 39 38 20. MADURAI DISTRICT. B-III-Employers, Employees and Independent Workers in Industries and Services by Divisions and Subdivisions. Subdivi'lion 2·5-Tobacco. Subdivision 2'6-Cotton TextJIes. r- Independent Independent Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. Tract No. ,-__..A..-----, workers. r--~ r---'---, ,...------"------,. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F· M. F. M. F. (149) (150) (l51) (152) (153) (154) (155) (156) (157) (158) ( 159) (160) Rural- 178 9 I 45 12 19 1,056 21 179 27 18 2 69 6 333 22 1673 266 180 65 5 121 33 271 50 181 1 1 18 6 182 4 2 90 7 720 146 183 19 13 52 15 454 46 184 25 2,080 486 681 64 Rural Total 27 27 3 228 26 2,689 582 4,873 59S. Urban- 27 City 19 398 147 28 24 10 48 537 1,887 692 152 28 Do. 8 7 205 15 24 2 839 81 19,282 2,303 4,100 721 56 Non-Oity 7 15 204 16 335 III 57 Do. 4 39 28 37 55 1,515 443 1,125 127 Urban Total .. 31 7 649 162 80 63 919 129 21,538 4,649 6,252 1,111 District Total 31 7 676 162 107 66 1,147 155 24,227 5,231 11,125 1,710 Subdivision 2·7-Wearing apparel (except footwear) Subdivision 2·8-TextIle Industries otherwise and made up Textlle goods. unclassified. r- _--A. ------.. r- --A. ----.. Independent Independent Tract No. Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. workers. ,-_ ____.A._-----, ,-__--A. __-----, ,----"-~ ,----A------, ,-----'-----, ,-----'------. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. l\I. F. (161) (162) (163) (164) (165) (166) (167) (168) (169) (170) (171) (172) Rural- 178 4 5 3 108 1 28 44 179 6 3 22 3 137 18 9 27 109 18 180 12 1 20 74 4 3 I 4 1 72 17 181 1 10 41 2 1 7 8 182 3 29 157 !J 1 14 3 175 26 183 35 26 4 212 5 I 11 8 10 184 6 10 73 5 I Rural Total 67 4 122 10 802 41 13 57 5 400 123 Urban- " 27 City 16 53 21 178 75 3 29 101 34 405 28 Do. 319 12 621 158 617 104 5 4 69 34 125 116 56 Non-City 1 158 230 10 41 7 57 Do. 315 8 321 I 2 29 2 Urban Total 336 12 1,147 187 1,346 190 8 4 98 137 229 530 District Total .. 403 16 1,269 197 2,148 231 21 8 155 142 629 653 Suhdivision 2·g-Leather. lea.ther products DIYlSlOn 3-Processmg and manufacture of metals. chemicals and footwear. and products thereof. ,------.. ,------____.A. ------, Independent Independent Tract No. Employers. Employees. workers. Total. Employers. Employees. workers ,-____.A._-----. ,--A------, ,----A------"\ ,-_--A._----, ,----A------, ,----'--, ,.----A..----., M. F. M. F. ]\I F. ::\1. F. M. F. 1\1. F. M. F. (173) (174) (175) (176) (177) (178) (17!J) (180) (181) (182) (183) (184) (186) (186) Rural- 178 21 7 300 13 1.088 116 531 35 46 I 30 4 455 3(} 179 81 500 26 1.255 104 861 44 76 8 129 11 656 25 180 34 33 231 7 289 21 47 6 147 2 95 13 181 1 47 {) 199 11 12 4 26 161 7 182 4 58 3 693 28 827 10 27 I 65 1 735 8 183 5 4 22 5 149 2 325 25 47 I 56 10 222 14 184 3 253 12 17 I 92 3 144 . 8 Rural Total 145 11 914 47 3,466 262 3,285 158 272 22 545 31 2,468 f:it.'5 Urban- 27 City 63 116 397 614 167 106 621 970 28 330 872 263 98 28 Do. S 2 llO 28 253 5 2,101 102 107 7 1,249 65 745 30 56 Non.City 12 67 I 887 39 22 268 10 597 29 57 Do. 2 4 29 2 681 46 3 120 44 558 2 Urban Total .. 73 118 523 642 516 114 .~,290 1,157 160 7 1,967 991 2,163 159 District Total .. 218 129 1,437 689 3,982 376 7,575 1,315 432 29 2,512 1,022 4,631 264 20. MADURAI DISTRICT. B-nI-Employers, Employees and Independent Workers in Industries and Services by Divisions and Subdivisions. SubdivISIOn 3·0-Manufacturmg of metal products \ SubdivisIOn 3·1-Iron and Steel otherwIse unclaSSIfied. Basic Manufacture. ..______..A.. ______~ ,-______---A- ______, Independent Independent Tract No. Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. workers. ..__ ___.A __--., ,------"-----, ,.------"-----., ,------"----, ..-----"-----., ,-_-.-A-_--, M. F. M. F. J\I. F. ::\1. F. M F. M. F. (187) (188) (189) (190) (191) (192) (193) (194) (191\) (196) (197) (198) Rural- 178 -16 I 26 4 452 30 179 75 8 126 11 653 25 180 45 6 120 2 95 13 181 12 3 26 155 7 182 27 1 ."50 1 726 8 183 46 1 54 10 211 10 1 2 5 18-1 17 1 37 1 137 7 Rural Total 268 21 439 29 2,429 100 1 2 5 Urban- 27 City 14 151 204 1 28 Do. 35 2 405 19 539 18 56 Non.City 21 145 542 18 57 Do. 1 102 9 531 I Urban Total 71 2 803 28 1,816 38 Dil\trict Total 339 23 1,242 57 4,245 138 1 2 I) SubdivIsion 3·2-Non·Ferrous metals (Basic Manufacture) SubdiVIsion 3·3-Transport Equipment. .. --"------., ,- ----., Independent Independent Tract No. Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. workers. ,.-___ ..A._-, ,------"----, .. ---"------., ,..---"----, ..---Jo..-----., ,.....-----A------., M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. (199) (200) (201) (202) (203) (204) (205) (206) (207) (208) (209) (210) Rural- 178 2 179 1 3 3 180 2 27 181 1 6 182 5 3 183 1 184 53 2 5 I Rural Total 3 1 90 2 18 1 Urban- 27 City II 120 41 28 Do. 47 4 754 27 176 10 56 NOD.City 79 2 57 Do. 2 18 24 Urban Total 60 4 971 27 241 12 District Total 68 5 1,061 29 259 18 Subdivision 3·4----Electrical machmery apparatus, Subdivisions 8'5-Machinery including Engineermg applIances and supplies. Workshops. ,------____._A.- ,______...... Tract No. Independent Independent Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. workers. ,-----'-----, ~ ,------"----. ,.---A---., ,....---A---, ,....---A-., M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. (2ll) (212) (213) (214) (215) (216) (217) (218) (219) (220) (221) (222) Rural- 178 2 3 179 180 181 182 1 10 5 183 184 Rural Total 2 4 10 5 Urban- 27 City 9 3 1 28 Do. 3 29 1 1 I 56 Non.City 1 6 55 9 57 Do. Urban Total 3 39 7 69 11 District Total .. 3 41 7 63 11 10 Ii 40 20. MADURAI DISTRICT. B-III-Employers, Employees and Independent Workers in Industries and Services by Divisions and Subdivisions. SubdIVISion 3·6 BasH' Industria'! ChemICals, FertilIzer Sub diviSIOn 3·7-l\IedlCal and Pharmaceutical and Power Alcohol. PreparatIOns. ,-______.A.. ______--.., ~------~.-----.----, Tract No. Independent Indepl'ndent Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. workers. r---....:...... A..----, ,_-----A-___--. ~____A.. __--. ,-----"-----. ,---"------., ,--~-----., IVL F. M. F. ::\1. F. M. F. M F. M. F. (223) (224) (225) (226) (227) (Z28) (:?Z9) (230) (231) (232) (233) (234) Rural- 178 179 ISO lSI IS2 183 IS4 2 2 Rural Total 2 2 Urban- 27 City l I I) 28 Do. 13 25 16 16 56 Non·City 57. Do." 2 UI:ban Total 14 1 26 16 21 1 2 District Total 14 1 28 16 23 1 2 Subdivision 3'S-Manufactures of Chemical products DIvisIOn 4-Processing and manufooture not otherwise unclassified. elsewhere specified. Tr Independent Independent Tract No. Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. workers. ~, r-~ r----'-----. ,...----'-----, ,.------A-----, ,.------A-----, M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M, F. (261) (262) (263) (264) (265) (266) (267) (268) (269) (270) (271) (272) Rural- 178 179 180 1 181 182 6 I 183 184 50 19 25 8 1 Rural Total 50 26 25 8 2 1 Urban- '!7 City .. 17 32 194 256 71 980 1 6 28 Do. .. 7 23 25 25 10 2 25 16 3 4 56 N n-Clty 3 2 3 57 Do. 33 28 Urban Total 24 32 220 283 132 1,018 3 31 16 3 4- Dist~ict Total 74 32 246 308 140 1,020 3 31 16 4 4 Subdivision 4·4-Non·metallic mineral products. Subdn !Sion 4'5-Rubber products. r------, --'------... Independent Independent Tract No. Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. workers. f""'--~ ,-_ _.A._~ ..------'----.. ,.----A-----, ,....-----"----, r---"'-----, M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 1\I. F. M. F. (273) (274) (275) (276) (277) (278) (279) (280) (281) (282) (283) (284) Rural- 178 24 66 7 6 311 16 179 45 21 53 fi 374 55 180 40 10 11 4 137 16 181 4 I 8 I 149 54 182 2 24 3.58 183 38 3 77 24 214 36 184 4 6 2 104 50 1 1 Rural Total 157 101 186 42 1,647 227 1 1 Urban- 27 City .. 24 62 47 160 28 Do.. , 4 3 9 145 36 56 Non.City 19 8 66 6 57 Do. 10 90 6 Urban Total 4 24 32 79 348 208 District Total 161 125 218 121 1,995 435 1 1 Subdivision 4'6-Wood and wood products other than Subdivision 4·7-Furniture and fixtures. furnituro and fixtures. ~.------. ,.--.----- .------, Independent Independent Tract No. Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. workers. ,-----"-----, ~-___"______' r------"-----, ,....----A------, r---"'-----, ,--....A...----., IlL F. 1\1. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. (285) (286) (287) (288) (289) (290) (291) (2H2) (293) (294) (2H5) (296) Rural- ., 178 tf> oJ 42 13 768 97 179 89 7 II4 9 966 74 180 3 80 2 351 39 181 20 4 39 i) 461 129 182 19 2 42 5 357 30 31 35 3 571 14 183 60 Ii 135 18 423 28 7 18! Hl 64 7 324 63 Rural Total 257 24 516 59 3,650 460 31 35 3 578 14 Urhan- 27 CIty 5 78 218 28 D0. 6G 631 38 699 36 10 25 56 Non·City I 106 174 5 56 45 57 Do. 27 1,372 398 Urban Total 71 1 842 38 2,463 439 2 66 70 District Total 328 25 1,358 97 6,113 899 33 101 3 648 1-' Madurai-6 42 2&. )\ AL ORAl DISTRICT. B-III-Employers, '&mployees and Independent Workers in Industries and Services by Divisions and Subdivisions. SubdlvislOll 4,S-Paper and paper product,s. SubdIViSIOn 4'9-Pl'intmg and Allied rndustries. r------A.______---.." _..A.. ____- _____ ---., ,- Tract No. Independent Ipdependent Employers. Employees. workers. Employer;;. Employees. workers. ,---A.___ , ,-_..A.. __---., ,----"'---, ,----'-----, ,-_-..A.~ ,-__ • ..A..----, M. F. }1. F. ~f. F. M. F. M. F. llL F. (297) (298) (299) (300) (301) (:302) (303) (304) (305) (306) (307) (308) Rural- 178 179 4 2 ISO lSI 182 2 3 183 184 25 8 5 4 Rural Total 31 8 10 4 Urban- 27 City .. 6 28 95 1 74 28 Do... 42 1 503 16 90 5 56 Non-City 1 45 57 Do. 7 37 12 Urban Total 56 29 680 16 103 79 District Total 56 29 711 24 113 83 Division .'i-ConstructIOn n,nd UtilIties. Subdivision 5·O--Construction and mamtenance of works otherwise unclassIfied. ,------'- ___.., ---A- , Tiact )ro. Independent Independent Total. Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. 'Vorkers. ,.. _ ___A.. __....., ,--..A.__ -.., ,.-_..A-__ ,--A._---, ,--..--.A.-----, ,...-..A._-.., ,.-----..-A----., M. F. M. F. }I. F. M. F. M F. M. F. M. F, (:W)) (310) (311) (312) (313) (3U) (315) (316) (317) (31S) (319) (320) (321) (322) Rural - 178 640 130 13 101 3S .333 92 179 441 43 10 167 ;!fi 264 18 180 138 20 1 98 8 39 12 181 103 4 53 1 50 3 182 448 53 18 4 176 23 254 26 183 163 84 11 62 84 90 184 742 51 213 24 .')29 27 Rural Total 2,675 385 46 4 870 203 1,759 178 Urban- 27 ()it.y .. 699 733 623 720 76 13 28 Do 2,302 245 197 973 182 1,132 63 40 46 56 Non,Clty 1,026 264 46 2 ii29 69 4.')1 l!l3 57 Do 1,821 411 683 32J 1,138 89 4!J5 Urban Total 5,848 1,653 243 2 2,808 1,293 2,797 358 40 495 46 District Total 8,523 2,038 289 6 3,678 1,496 4,556 536 40 495 46 Subd,vISIOn ,S'I-ConstructIOn and ~Iamteuance- SubdIviSIOn .'i·2-Construction and l\lamtenance Buildmgs. Roads, Bndges abd Other Tran~port works. ,.. _..A. ______~------~ .. ---.." 'fract )r0 . Independent Independent Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. workers. ,.----"-----., ,----"---, ,-___..A.__ , ,---"----., ,----"----., ,...... -...A..----., 1\1. F. M. 1<' • l\I. F. .M F. M. F. M. F. (323) (324) (325) (326) (327) (328) (329) (330) (331) (332) (333) (334) Rural- 178 6 45 29 .320 78 14 179 2 27 198 18 2 180 1 68 3 27 12 181 8 45 3 182 14 4 138 23 207 26 3 10 IS3 9 27 45 42 2 _,))- :n 3 184 7 7 ,)26 27 6 I Rural Total 32 4 320 107 1,574 164 5 57 32 3 Urban- 27 Gity .. 184 612 76 13 28 Do . . . 186 .,11 5 971 2 I} 7.~ 74 .,6 Non City 41 2 221 30 413 175 1 42 57 00 79 169 .591 77 94 12 Urban Total 227 2 1195 816 2,051 267 7 211 74 12 District Total 259 6 1,315 923 3,625 431 12 268 32 77 12 43 20. MADURAI DISTRICT. B-III-Employers, Employees and Independent Workers in Industries and Services by Divisions and Sub-divisions. SubdivIsIon 5·3-ConstructlOn and maintenan('e SubdivIsion 5'4-ConstructIOn and mamtenance Telegraph and telephone hnes. operatIOns-IrrIgatIOn and other agrIcultural works. Tract No. -, r-- -"------, Independent Independent Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. workers. ;--_.-A-----, r----"------, ,..----"----, r---"----y-----"---, r--~--' M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. (335) (336) (337) (338) (339) (340) (341) (342) (343) (344) (345) (346) RUl'a]- 178 1 179 8 77 11 66 i80 l8] 182 7 15 [83 1 8 37 184 Rural Tota[ 7 8 93 19 104 Ul'ban- 27 City .. 78 28 Do ... 8- 4, 56 Non.City 57 Do. 9 I 3n Urban Total 96 1 43 1 District Total 102 1 8 136 19 105 Subdivision 5·5-\Vorks and servlces-Electnc power SubdIviSIOn 5·6-Works and serVIces-Domestic ______and gas supply.A--.______--, and industrial water supply. Tract No. ~ ------~ Independent Independent Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. workers. r-- r------"----, r---"----, ,-----"----, ,-----"-----, M. F. M. F. ~r. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. (3,17) (348) (349) (350) (351) (35~) (353) (354) (355) (356) (357) (358) Rural-- 178 7 3 7 5 14 179 180 16 2 181 182 1 6 11 183 9 8 184 84 2 25 I Rural Total 1 122 1 26 82 5 1 14 Ul'han- 27 City .. 179 ::l8 Do. .. 5 97 1 22 8 4 15 - 56 Non.City 4 83 26 3~ 6 9 18 :57 Do. 148 1 8 50 Urban Total 9 507 1 49 48 6 ti3 33 District Total 10 ti29 2 75 80 11 64 47 RuhdlVIsIon .')·7--SanltaIS worb and sen'ices DIYlsion 6-Commerce. Including Sea yengers. -, r------~ ---. Independent Independent Employers. Employees. workers. Total. Employers. Employees. workers. Tract No. ...----"----, r---"----, r----"---, r----A--~ ,----"------. r--A-..~ r-..A...-~ M. F. M. F. M. F. l'II F. M. F M. F. M. F. (359) (360) (361) (36~) (363) (364) (365) (366) (367) (368) (36n) (370) (371) (372) Rural- 178 2i; f 2,942 148 l!)l) 1)4 .')28 63 2,224 629 179 61 H 3,197 620 412 71 456 63 2.329 486 180 14 !, 10 1,3G8 325 249 41 .')!l5 104 554 180 181 4;' 1 5 886 II9 51 3 80 4 754 lIZ 182 36 1,437 .')7!1 293 4 134 27 1,010 .')48 ls3 1,267 301 31,; 32 26 .• 29 687 240 184 !H It) 1.257 ~18 1,004 147 87 17 166 .;,1 Rural Total 239 39 51 12,383 2,910 2,514 352 2,145 309 7,724 2,249 Urb SubdivIsIOn 6·2-Retall trade III fuel :->ubdlVlSiOn ti 3-Retall tr Subdivision 6'4-\Vholesale trade ill foodstuffs. :->ubdlV1SlOn 6'5-\VholeHale trade m commo dities other than foodstuffs. '----...... , ~------, Tract No. Independf'ut Indeppndent Employers. Employees. worker,;. Employers Employees. workers. ,-----"------; ,.---""-----, r----""-- ...... ,.----A.._----, M. F. ::'II. F. M. F. M. F. 1\1. F. 1\f. F. (397) (398) (3D9) (400) (401) (402) (403) (404) (40,;) (406) (407) (408) RuraI- 178 31 8 174 92 40 7 I 2 .j 1 179 19 1 IS 260 22 103 3 36 202 12 ISO R 13 4 181 I 2 36 1 3 5 182 9 4 13 42 2 183 184 Rural Total 80 9 198 401 62 161 56 217 13 Urban- 27 City .. 15 35 1;;4 6 446 47 125 1 28 Do... 494 24 1,631 32 940 170 737 30 1,6')2 36 316 16 56 Non,CIty 6 3 ,j I 2 1 57 Do. 18 12 11 I I 1 Urban Total 533 24 1,681 32 956 170 893 36 2,101 83 444 18 District Total 613 33 1,879 32 1,357 232 1,054 40 2,157 83 661 31 45 20. MADURAI DISTRICT. B·III-Employers, Employees and Independent Workers in Industries and Services by Divisions and Subdivisions. 8ubdlVlsion 6'6-ReHI Estate. SubdIvIsIOn 'Vi-Insurance. r- -"'------, .--- Tract No. Independent Independen Employers. Em}lloyees. workers. EIllployers. Employees. worker. .-__.A.--, .---j----, r-----'------, ,----..A--, ~ r----"'---. :U. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. (WJ) (410) (-UI) (41:l) (413) (+14) (41.3) (+16) (417) (418) (411) (420) Rural- 178 1 1 179 U :l 26 2 180 3 1 4 lSI 182 1 183 184 1 I Rural Total 1 10 6 1 30 4 Urban- 27 City .. 10 1 28 D) . . . 43 J21 19 201 17 305 14 552 14 56 Non-CIty 2 fJ 57 Do. ·51 16 1 Urban Total 94 18 221 19 9 201 17 320 15 553 14 District Total 95 18 221 19 9 211 17 326 16 583 18 SuhLiIVI"lOn 6·S-Money·lendmg bankmg and DIVIsIOn 7-Tran~pol't, storH~e and cOllllnulllcatlons. other fin<1.n01,ll bUSiness ,.-- --, ,.-- ..}.__ ---, Tract Xo. InJopelldent Total Employers. Employees. Independent Employers. Employ('es. \\ orkers. workers. ,.----"------. .---..}.__--, ..----"----, ,.---..}.__---, ,-----"---, r--.A..---, r--.....A.__-~ M F. M. I~. M. F. M. F. M. l~" . M. F. 1\1. F. (421) (422) (4023) (Hi) (42ii) (426) 1+27) (4:l8) (429) (430) (431) (432) (433) (434) Rmal- 178 ti !I 14 109 11 326 5 3 164 I 159 4 179 317 9 6 175 1 136 8 180 2 .Jl ;) 323 8 fi 234 6 84 2 181 51 1 :l I4 35 1 182 :l s 25 .) 268 2 I :l ')7 IiO 183 :l :l :l 3 99 19 1 72 16 23 3 184 26 3 6 2 2 259 8 186 4 73 4 Rural Total 38 14 31 2 19() 19 1,643 52 21 2 942 28 680 22 Urban- 27 City .. 120 10 4.ii 3'> 307 R 1,179 1 I12 1,020 47 28 D,) 2.l.J- 4 i::l4 II 434 :31 6,059 67 92 :i 4,:;37 62 1,130 56 NO'l,CIty 2J 4, 174 I 103 15 980 2 [) 2 ii6!J 406 57 DJ. 20 3 62 1 48 11 1,364 47 2 1,3H 39 18 8 Ur'~an Total 416 21 1,217 45 894 68 9,582 117 211 7 7,47() 102 1,901 8 District Total 454 35 1,248 47 1,084 87 11,225 169 232 9 8,412 130 2,581 30 Subdn'I8lOD 7·0-Transport and COlnmUllle,l,tlOns othenn"e SU}JtitvIslOn i'I-TNnsport by rU.1d. llnC'iitSSlfiE'd Subdivi!;lion 7 ·4-Railway transport. SubdiVIsion 7·5-Storage and warehousing. .A. ----. r------A. Tr>1ct No. Independent Independent Employers. Employees. workers. Employers Employees. workers. ,-_ ___.A.__ ---, r- r-----"-----. r-----"------. ,--~ ,-----"-----, M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. (459) (460) (461) (462) (463) (464) (46!») (466) (467) (468) (469) (470) Rural- 178 (n 179 [JI 180 9fi 2 181 182 16 183 46 15 184 81 1 Rural Total 420 18 Urban- 27 Clty . 260 6 28 Do •.. 1,270 .?1 56 Non-City 230 57 Do. 56 Urban Total 1,816 21 6 District Total 2,236 39 6 SubdnTIsion 7'6-Postal...A.. ______services. ----, SubdIVISion 7·7-Telegraph serVIces. r------A. ------, Tract No. Independf'nt Independent Employers. Employees. workers. Employer". Employees. workers. ~------~--. .---~-, r----"--~ r----A..-, ,--A._---, r-~ M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. (471) (472) (473) (474) (476) (476) (477) (478) (479) (480) (481) (482) Rural- 178 31 179 45 180 30 181 182 28 183 17 184 2 Rural Total 153 1 Urban- 27 Clty .. 10 28 00... (Hll 2 58 3 56 Non-City 32 57 Do. 115 38 8 Urban Total 1,076 40 66 3 District Total 1,229 41 66 3 47 20. MADURAI DISTRICT. B-III-Employers, Employees and Independent Workers in Industries and Services by Divisions and Subdivisions. t;ubdivlsIOn 7·!l-Wireless services. SubdivisIOn 7·S-Telephone services. r:----- ______--.-A.. ______---, ,------"------, Tract No. Independent Independent Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. workers. ,_- ,...-----"--_----, ~__..A.._----, r-~ r-----"-----. ,...-----"---, M. F. M. F M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. (483) (-184) (485) (486) (487) (488) (489) (490) (491) (492) (493) (494) Rural- 178 17!l 180 181 182 183 184 1 Rural Total 1 Urban-- 27 City .. 2, 28 Do ... 7 3 56 Non·City 57 Do. 1 2 Urban Total 8 2 5 District Total 9 2 5 DidslOn S-Health. EducatIOn and PublIC Admimstratiun Subdivision g·l-Medical and other health ~erVlCes. ----"- ----, ,-- --.-A.. --, Tract No. Independent Independent Total. Employers Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. workers. r------"------, ,------"----, r---...A.----.., r:-----"----, r-_...A.._, r-~ .----"-----, M. F. M. F M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. (493) (496) (497) (498) (-199) (500) (.301) (502) (503) (504) (505) (506) (507) (508) Rural- 178 933 67 2 812 .36 119 11 2 18 4 60 5 179 1,068 179 2B 882 176 157 3 .5 20 30 60 180 6.55 126 7 .572 95 76 31 I 8 5 36 13 181 439 !7 412 45 27 2 5 3 20 2 182 1,010 205 -1 783 IB5 223 10 6 2 95 10 183 917 93 56 2 819 86 42 5 3 9 10 24 4 184 729 109 2 674 98 53 11 I 7 4 49 8 Rural Total 5,751 826 100 2 4,954 751 697 73 12 73 58 344 42 Urban- 27 Ctty . 1,033 166 2 974 163 ."57 3 2 117 18 57 3 28 Do •.. 7,:569 1,19-1 • 77 3 7,212 1,144 280 47 77 3 l.089 290 173 24 56 Non City 2,03-1 -152 15 5 1,924 412 95 35 9 . 5 105 56 54 13 57 Do. 2,76:? 881 6 2 2,618 728 138 151 5 2 320 186 114 151 Urban Total 13,398 2,693 100 10 12,728 2,447 570 236 93 10 1,631 550 398 191 District Total 19,149 3,519 200 12 17,682 3,198 1,267 309 105 10 1,704 608 742 233 SubdiVISIOn g·3-Army, Navy and Air force. ,-______SubdiVISIOn 8·2-EducatIOnal.A. ______ServIces and Research.-. r------'------., Independent Independent Tract No. Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. workers. ,---__.A. __ ---, ,..-__..A.. __-, ,----'------.., ,-__.A._---.., ~_..A.-----, ,------A.-----, M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F l\l F. M. F (:500) (.jl0) (511) (512) (513) (514) (515) (516) (517) (51S) (510) (520) Rural- 178 157 48 59 6 179 24 322 14.') 97 3 180 6 :l54 90 40 18 181 144 41 7 182 4 ,139 193 12S 183 .")3 2 342 76 IS 1 184 1 :l30 81 4 3 Rural Total 88 2 1,888 674 353 31 Urban- 27 City .. :l47 136 28 Do.. 1,812 650 107 23 56 Noo-Ci!y 6 328 263 41 22 57 Do. I 629 375 24 Urban Total 7 3,016 1,424 172 45 District Total 95 2 4,904 2,098 525 76 48 20. MADURAI DISTRICT. B-IlI-Employers, Employees and Independent Workers in Industries and Services by Divisions and Subdivisions. Subdivision 8·4-Police (other than yillage watchmen). SubdivisIOll 8,(>-V,llage officers and servants, lllcludIllg Village watchmen. --. Tract No. Independent Independent Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. workers. .._----A. __---, .. ~ ,,------'---., ..__..A..----, r--""'------, ~ M. F. l\f. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. (521) (522) (523) (524) (525) (526) (527) (528) (529) (530) (531) (532) Rural- 17S 268 271 179 104 236 ISO 65 141 lSI 32 147 IS2 47 194 183 104 300 IS4 54 115 Rural Total 674 1,404 UrbaD- 27 City . 63 2 28 Do 1,208 33 56 Non-City 141 49 57 Do. 387 237 Urban Total 1,799 321 District Total 2,473 1,725 Subdivision 8·6-Employees of Municipalities and Local Rubd,vis,on 8'7-Employees of State Govern Boards. ments. r------A- ~------~ Tract No Independent Independent ..--.A.Employers.____ , Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. workers. ,-----"------, ,-----'------.. r------""'-- .------"--, ~-. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. (533) (534) (535) (536) (537) (53S) (539) (540) (541) (542) (543) (544) Rl1ral- 17S 3 66 2 179 31 92 180 104 lSI 8 50 1 IS2 34 44 IS3 (> 47 IS4 19 5 218 8 Rural Total 100 5 621 11 Urban- 27 City .. 239 S 227 1 2S Do... 1,872 146 962 47 56 NOD-City 245 50 898 31 57 Do. 192 8f! 741 34 Urban Total 2,548 293 2,828 113 District Total 2,648 298 3,449 124 Subdivision 8'S-EmployeeR of the Umon Governments. SubdiviSIOn 8.9-Employees afNon-Indlan Govern- . ments. r------"-- -., Tract No. Independent Independent Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. workers. r----"------, r--___"'_--~-_.A.--~ ~ ,-----'-----., ~ M. F. 1\1. E. M. F. 1\L F. M. F. M. F. (545) (546) (547) (548) (549) (550) (551) (552) (553) (554) (555) (556) Rural- 178 2\1 2 179 77 1 ISO lSI 26 IS2 HI IS3 12 IS4 31 Rural Total 194 3 Urban- 27 C'ity .. 79 28 Do 236 11 56 Non.City I(>S 12 vi Do. 112 44 Urban Total 585 67 District Total 779 70 4:9 20. MADURAI DISTRICT. B-lII-Employers, Employees and Independent Workers in Industries and Services by Divisions and Subdivisions. Division 9-Services not elsewhere specified. Subdivision 9'0-Services otherwise unclassified. r-----______-A- ,....- Independent Independent Tract No. Total. Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. workers. r------A..--, r-_j...-, ,.----A.-, ,--"--...... ,....-----"-----, ,....-----"-----. r-----"-----, M. F. M. F. l'I1. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. (557) (558) (559) (560) (561) (562) (563) (564) (565) (566) (567) (568) (569) (570) Rural- 178 3,486 1,102 114 23 696 335 2,676 744 18 19 360 228 805 449 179 4,521 1,500 373 37 1,697 650 2,451 813 101 1 1,049 600 877 461 180 3.831 1,200 163 19 1,969 559 1,699 622 50 7 1,441 518 783 368 181 2,998 1,578 76 II 994 282 1,928 1.285 7 7 762 240 1,241 1,1l7 182 6,248 2,454 183 27 1,477 655 4,588 1,772 1,006 577 2,382 1,315 183 2,005 693 225 70 386 79 1,394 544 101 192 58 184 9,067 3,438 458 114 6,859 1,988 1,740 1,336 319 60 6,691 1,897 1,060 1,179 Rural Total 32,156 11,965 1,592 30114,()88 4,548 16,476 7,116 495 94 11,410 4,060 7,340 4,947 Urban- 27 City .. 3,611 644 201 2 2746 480 664 162 206 24 500 10 2'> Do .. 13,482./ 2,885-1,048 124 8,358 1,795 4,076 966 170 4 2,215 983 2,184 622 56 Non City 6,148 1,929 261 44 2,903 903 2,984 982 45 40 468 135 1,936 697 57 Do. 11,863 4,799 253 33 5,708 1,081 5,902 3,685 4,179 622 4,344 3,229 Urban Total 35,104 10,257 1,763 203 19,715 4,259 13,626 5,795 215 44 7,068 1,764 8,964 4,558 District Total 67,260 22,222 3,355 504 33,803 8,807 30,102 12,911 710 138 18,478 5,824 16,304 9,505 Subdivision 9'I-Domestic Services but not including services Subdivision 9'2-Barbers and Beauty shops. rendered by members of family households to one another. ___.A.. r-- Independent Independent Tract No. Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. workers. ,.------"------, ,.-----"- r-----"-----, ,.--~ ,.----A._-, ,.----"-----, 1\'1:. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. (571) (572) (573) (574) (575) (576) (577) (578) (579) (580) (581) (582) Rural- 178 60 77 7 49 681 47 179 268 11 82 2 55 3 293 16 180 20 1 11 41 210 10 181 17 10 1 19 5 145 1 182 27 38 41 72 418 183 6 15 19 35 15 306 3 184 54 36 2 4 186 17 Rural Total 452 188 163 2 275 23 2,239 9~ Urban- 27 City .. 1,269 436 21 75 20 28 Do ... 1,936 681 100 191 6 410 2 56 Non City 1,008 375 9 42 8 230 57 Do. 343 196 14 35 377 5 Urban Total 4,556 1,688 144 343 14 1,037 7 District Total 5,008 1,876 307 2 618 37 3,276 101 Subdivision 9'4-Hotels, Restaurants and Subdivision 9·3-Laundries and Laundry services. Eating houses. r- -., Independent Independent Tract No. Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. workers. ,.---A---. ,....----A...--, r----A------, r-----"---, M. F. M' F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. (583) (584) (585) (586) (587) (588) (589) (590) (591) (592) (593) (594) Rural- 178 20 1 69 18 691 174 64 2 88 5 232 56 179 79 22 121 24 851 251 93 12 116 10 308 73 180 29 3 119 23 428 109 71 9 289 16 225 134 181 9 48 15 284 86 59 4 51 10 205 75 182 67 18 85 23 1,225 385 73 9 238 12 344 70 183 37 1 55 731 332 166 69 93 48 76 139 184 10 4 5 5 335 97 122 50 87 30 56 31 Rural Total 251 49 504 108 4,545 1,434 648 155 962 131 1,446 578 Urban- 27 City .. 30 38 10 83 2 911 19 138 28 Do... 149 6 238 59 618 120 287 107 2,603 42 377 192 56 Non City 31 45 2 201 44 130 4 800 86 307 lIZ 57 Do. 16 44 195 552 236 216 18 785 44 402 151 Urban Total 226 6 365 256 1,381 399 716 131 5,099 191 1,086 593 District Total 477 55 869 864 5,926 1,833 1,364 286 6,061 322 2,532 ,1,171 Madurai-7 50 20. MADURAl DISTRICT. B.III-Employers, Employees and Independent Workers in Industries and Services by Divisions and Subdivisions. Subdnnsion 9 5-Recreatwn servICes. SubdlYIRion 9 6--Legal and busmesR sernces. --"- , --., Independent Independent Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employee~. workers. ,---.A.___ ...... ,-_...A-__ ~ Tract No. ,------'-----r ,-----"------, ,------"--~ ,-----"---, .M. F. 1\1. F. 1\1. F. 1\1. F. 1\1. F. 1\1. F. (595) (.596) (597) (598) (599) (600) (601) (602) (603) (604) (60;"\) (606) Rural- 178 14 2 104 2 30 1 2 179 4 13 69 46 23 180 1 H 9 14 I 8 181 6 16 6 1 2 182 .'I .56 ;} 40 39 183 2 6 14 7 I 87 6 184 19 7 6 1 10 7 2 Rural Total 7 69 9 274 9 4 1 223 13 87 2 Urban- 27 City .• 4 128 1 53 68 43 28 Do ... 87 2 279 !l 67 21 200 4 762 3 26n 56 Non CIty 28 4 2 9!l 7 40 ] 68 4 57 Do. 4 48 2 46 I 15 163 4 65 58 Urban Total 123 2 459 14 212 21 261 19 1,033 8 445 62 District Total 130 2 528 23 486 30 265 20 1,256 21 532 64 Subdl\'I'lOn !l H-Rehgious. Charitable and SubdivIsion 9 7-Arts, lettels ane] journahsm. Welfare servIces. ,------"------, ,------"- __._, Independent Independent Employers. Employees. workers. Employers. Employees. workers. Tract No. __._, ,-___.A. __---, ,----"-----, ,----A.----, ,---.A.----, ,--_..A..--., 1\1. F. 1\1. F. 1\1. F. M. F. 1\1. F. 1\1. F. (607) (!i08) (609) (610) (6ll ) (612) (613) (614) (615) (616) (617) (618) Rural- 178 ;; 26 4 161 16 179 9 14 2'1 2 21 12 180 1 37 36 I 181 85 I 35 6 182 68 5 5 56 2 183 1 2 1 68 5 184 8 1 4 9 3 82 9 Rural Total 86 1 24 193 16 459 51 Urban- 27 City .. 5 16 3 5 35 88 14 28 Do •.. 21 3H 86 2 34 96 12 65 7 56 Non City 3 4 11 493 294 139 125 57 Do. I [) 5S ] ]02 18 ;,8 7 Urban Total 27 66 151 2 51 1 726 324 350 153 District Total 27 66 237 3 75 1 919 340 809 204 51 oo-.t-~[:'o.e.or- ~ ~ 1:- 1"""'1 ...... L.":) 0 t- ~... 1""""1.., C'l t- ~ ...... o 0::-) t- M t- c.o r M 1"""'1 0 L~ M\.t:)r-_,l"""'il..."':lO C'10~"d'I t- ~~ """!, G'l_. t- C1'J ~ ~ <:0 L~ ...... L,., Mauurai-7A 5.2 -..... e'l?L~ ~::c .....eqt-e.o~ ~i' ...... 00 .""·0 co r::- ...C ' -10 ' co... 00 00 C'l C o "" o !§~~~ lQ L.~ ~I""""'I I M" :3 o E-o 53 .... 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L-Incidence of Leprosy by Livelihood Classes for Taluks. This table shows for each taluk in the district the inci 3. Information regarding the number ofIeprosy cases and_ dence of leprosy among the population, males and females doubtful cases in each village/town of each tract has been by the eight .v-elihood classes. given in the appropriate Rural and Urban Statistics. 2. Figures are giv-en separately for leprosy and doubtful case'!. The former refers to clear cases of leprosy while the latter to suspected cases of Leprosy. Agricultural Classes. I. Cultivators of land wholly or mainly owned and their dependants. Males. Females. Males. Females. Taluk. Lep Doubt Lep. Doubt. Lep. Doubt Lep Doubt Total. rosy ful Total. rosy ful Total. rosy ful Total. rosy ful cases. cases. cases. cases. cases. cases. cases. cases. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (II) (l2) (13) 1 Palni 214 169 4;) 92 65 27 44 36 8 23 15 8 2 Kodaikanal 13 6 7 9 7 272 5 3 3 3 Dindigul .. 538 423 115 240 166 74 281 217 64 105\ 66 39- 4 Nilakkottai 666 494 172 299 200 99 336 241 95 128 83 45 5 Melur 374 284 91) 151) 101) 51) 187 138 49 64 45 19- 6 Periyakulam 389 335 54 162 120 42 145 125 20 51 39 12. 7 Tlfumanga.lam 505 374 131 225 141 84 348 259 89 172 110 62 8 Madurai 185 148 37 70 54 16 23 19 4 II 7 4. District Total 2,884 2,233 651 1,247 853 394 1,371 1,037 334 557 368 189 Agricultural Classes-cont. II. CultIvators of land wholly or mainly unowned III. Cultivating labourers and the'r dependants. and theIr dependants. r------~------~ r------~------~ Taluk. Males. Females. Males. Females. ,.....-.A------. ,---'""------., ,----"---....._, Lep. Doubt. Lep. Doubt· Lep Doubt. Lep. Doubt- Total. rosy ful Total. rosy ful Total. rosy ful Total. rosy ful cases. cases. case~. cases. cases. cases. cases. cases. (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) 1 Palni 21 17 4 5 3 2 38 29 9 21 15 6 2 Kodaikanal 4 3 1 2 2 3 J:?indigul .. 20 16 4- 9 9 137 109 28 84 58 26 4 Nilakkottai 46 33 13 20 9 11 159 126 33 85 64 21 5 Melur 26 21 5 18 8 10 86 71 15 29 23 6 6 Periyakulam 44 33 11 11 9 2 89 79 10 52 44 s: 7 Tirumangalam 10 7 3 14 6 8 59 38 21 19 14 5, 8 Madurai 7. 6 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 District Total 174 133 41 78 45 33 575 457 118 294 222 20. MADURAI DISTRICT. L-Incidence of Leprosy by Livelihood Classes for Taluks. Agri~uItural Classes--cont. Non.Agricultural Classes. IV. Cultlvating owners of land, a.gricultural rent V. ProductIon other than cultlvatlon. receivers and their dependants. r------.----~------~ Males. Females. Males. Females. TaIuk. Lep. Doubt· Lap· Doubt· Lap. Doubt· Lep· Doubt- Total. rosy ful Total. rosy ful Total. rosy ful Total. rosy ful cases. cases. cases. cases. cases. cases. cases. cases. (26) (27) (28) (29) (30) (31) (32) (33) (34) (35) (36) (37) 1 Palni 6 5 I 2 2 26 23 3 9 6 3 2 Kodaikanal 2 2 1 1 3 Dindigul .. 6 5 1 1 I 38 30 8 21 14 7 4 Nilakkottai 31 25 6 14 12 2 31 21 10 13 9 4, 5 Melur 10 8 2 8 5 3 14 9 5 6 3 3 6 Periyakulam 19 16 3 .{ 3 1 38 32 6 26 13 13 7 Tirumangalam 17 U 3 1 15 12 3 5 3 2 8 Madurai 7 6 ~ .{ 43 34 9 14 9 5 District Total 96 79 17 86 80 6 206 161 45 94 57 37 Non·Agncultural Classes-cont. VI. Commerce. VII. Transport. r------_A------~ Males. Females. Males. Females. Taluk. Lap. Doubt. Lep· Doubt· Lap· Doubt· Lep- Doubt- Total. rosy ful Total. rosy ful Total. rosy ful Total. rosy ful cases. cases. cases. cases. cases. cases. cases. cases. (38) (39) (40) (41) (42) (43) (44) (45) (46) (47) (48) (49) 1 Palni 24 20 4 12 8 4 2 2 2 Kodaikkanal 3 Dindigul ., 16 15 1 5 5 4 2 2 2 1 1 4 Nilakkottai 13 12 1 9 5 4 1 1 4 3 1 5 Melur 15 10 5 5 2 3 4 1 3 6 Periyakulam 20 20 .{ 2 2 2 2 1 1 7 Tirumangalam 16 10 6 4 4 1 1 3 3 8 Madurai 21 19 2 11 10 1 6 5 1 5 5 Distriet Total 125 106 19 50 86 14 18 11 7 17 11 6 Non.agricultural Classes-cont. VIII. Other services and miscellaneous sources. Ma].es. .____ Females..A.- r------~- ~ r-- Total. Laprosy cases. Doubtful cases. Total. Leprosy cases. Doubtful cases. (50) (51) (52) (53) (54) (55) I Palni 55 39 16 18 14 4, 2 Kodaikkanal 1 1 2 2 3 Dindigul " 36 29 7 13 12 1 4 NIlakkottai 49 36 13 26 15 11 5 Melur 32 26 6 20 14 6 6 Periyakulam 32 28 4 13 10 3 7 Tirumangalam 39 33 6 7 3 4 8 Madurai 75 57 18 22 16 6 District Total 319 249 70 121 84 37 Madurai-9 66 -0 '" lOC:O~H~r.. OO~C"ICt:ltX> ",_oo CCi '<1< CCi ...... L--t-lO~t:'1 <:J~OO~OO O'JC:O~OOM ~ ...... ",....;" .....;' ...... _0 _CCi ",- 0'" ...... 10 C'I C'I ~ 1O~f'""4""';0';I "'''' .... 00 ci t-C"I"'"'t-C'-l ao,",",,~~l0 .9 0 00 ·.. iot':" .,jo .,jo cQ ~~~~e\l 'ir::lr::lr::lQ ...... j 61 ...... t ...... t 10"'" 000 t-oo...... ""'CQC'l ...... t-IO .....tOO~t-O'l 0>t-1OC> ~MlC, <:01.0 ...... C'l "'I~"",008 """''''''0-.:1< ...... ~I"""'tOOO'l 1.0""'00"'1 "'It-"" <:01.0 o>t- fJ~~~~ l() ..... "''''-.:I< ~~C\I ...... ~ ;:!~~~§ ~~~~ie "'l"'lOO l()10 ...... C'l -.:1<000-.:1<00 ~tO..$~o. 00.C'l.0>t-.00 ~~~~~ t-C'l",,"'l<:O O')C"Q~""'" ... e-:t1"""'t~...-400 C'-l.. ~... ~,...: ....;~ "fItl.... I"""'t.. ~'" ~.. e-l.. ~ ...... ~ ...... -: ...... ,...:1""""1...... ci,...:Cl...... ~... C'l.. ""f!!4... ~ CN"'~"'~ ...... CQt-"'" OOlQ O':ltet-lO ...... ~~OOO)~ o)ClO~"'I:jIM I"""'t~OI"""'t ...... ""'''''1.0 ...... '''' lOCC..-lO\t': ..... ""0 0000 8°C'lOOOO 0>"''''''1.0-.:1< ot'-Q:l ...... C"':l -.:I< c-i "".:2 ~if5~~~ :e"g:::~~ ~~~~~ 0::.]";'",6 ] Madurai-9A 68 t- ...... ...... ...... ...... 0 IQ ... ~~~~~~ .... 0 OOOc>OIO ~ OO~1000 0 .... <:<1 .... <:<1 ,..; ~~~lO,..... O~ -00 00 I:'-...... co'" ~ o 0 ...... 0>.,') ~ '"...... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 8 ~ g ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .. <01:'-000>0 ...... 10 10 10 10 co co 10 ..... ~ ...... "" .~ CO"ll!t!CQ",""" OM"''''' ~t=.~~ O"'M'O O:-M""'" eq"'~'" ~ OM"; .", '10 ."" ·M 'I» '..,o .; .0 .~ 71' ... ...... ...... ...... o ...... ~) / * .... 10 ...... <':> .... ...... <':> <':> .,. .... ·00...... 0-...... ·0...... l!";) ...... • <:'1 ['''''"''-'~''''"'' • t 0'I..,""'<:C00 ...... <:CO.O>.... l!";) l!";) ~~~:g~:gg;$~~~~ 0> 000'1 00<:C<:C l!";) ...... "'" 0'10'1 "'" 0'1. oot-t-~~ ~~~~~ ...... ~~~~~~~~ :~ ...... _ ~O"'~~ -.:::tI ...... : ...... o 00 l!':I e"I e:J L~ 0: 00 0: .S 0 ~OlO~LO <:-'?'?-g: cQ~~~e-l ...... e-l""""",o i : ,..-\-, 73 • 00 00 .... '01: ~ .....o 00 <0 • 00 o 01: \.OOOLO~~ 1- C'Q C'J to ~ C"IOO~OO<:o ,.... ;'.-.1'" 1""""1... 1""""1"' ...... • ~ ~ . ,;< OOOL": .Mt-OO'.lOO<:o ~OO~P""""I ~~~~~ .~<:OO~C"IlQ G'l6~~ G"IC-lt016tb,..., M~~~t-~ '-.,~ M ..... ~ ...... ,. co 00<0 eq .... 00 .00 • <0 • "" ."'" .0 <--00.... 75 «> o«>' «>' ..... ·0 '"r.- ...... ·0 • .", ... 10 .... "'' ~~c:qr:-...... ~t-O¢)t-- ~§~~5 o ~ ...... "" ..-.~~~ C'l"' ...... ' ·10 "' ",0 00 r.-r. ~g~~~ 0> ' o~ ...... ~ c ",,<;i.l"d'l~""" o ...... ~O\CQ~ ... Madurai-10A. 76 r oj f lj ~ I l f .,.., 11.:1 I I I ~ I ...... 1~1 '0. ,... l l • ~ '~l o ...... ,.... .". ·'j'>l . * o~ .... ~IO ~~~:88 ~~~s~ "'0.<0<00...... ...... 0<0 00 t- . "" 77 ..... 'M . ..;; 0;, ·,_,M t-~~~ .,..~ ·M ·-:-l . ..;; .~ 0 ...... ; .<0 ~ ..... :~!'r.) ·00 ·M 0 ...... 0001' C!.... """" =~~,...ut:l eo""""~oo M