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Analysis of Coastal Changes Along the New River Spit, Bandon Littoral Cell, Relevant to an Adjustment of the Statutory Vegetation Line on the South Coast of Oregon

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Analysis of Coastal Changes Along the New River Spit, Bandon Littoral Cell, Relevant to an Adjustment of the Statutory Vegetation Line on the South Coast of Oregon Analysis of coastal changes along the New River Spit, Bandon Littoral Cell, relevant to an adjustment of the Statutory Vegetation Line on the south coast of Oregon by Guillermo M. Diaz Mendez Research Report Submitted To Marine Resource Management Program College of Oceanic & Atmospheric Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon 97331 December 18, 1998 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science March 1999 The preparation of this report was financially supported by Shoreland Solutions, through a project funded by Oregon State Parks and Recreation Department "They say that time changes things, but actually, you have to change them yourself' Andy Warhol ... to my wife; "Great spirits have always encountered strong opposition from mediocre minds" Albert Einstein ...to my friends; "Muertos los piojos por hacer columpio" Dicho popular mexicano ...to my parents. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The completion of this project and final report would have not been possible without the valuable comments, support and encouragement provided by Dr. Paul D. Komar and Dr. John J. Marra. I feel honored to acknowledge Dr. Jim Good, Director of the Marine Resource Management program, and Dr. Chuck K. Sollitt, Director of the Ocean Engineering program, for their guidance, meaningful comments and revisions made to this final project. I need also to acknowledge the valuable assistance as well as the documentary and photographic material provided by John Phillips and the personnel of OPRD's Section 3 Office at Sunset Bay, Oregon. Also, special thanks go to Mr. Gerald Kamph, his 4-wheel drive truck and doggies for granting us access to their property, and for their invaluable assistance during our visits to the New River Spit. It is important to mention that the completion of this Master of Science program is due in part to the financial support of the Mexican Government, through a scholarship/loan awarded by the National Council of Science and Technology, CONACyT, in September, 1996. Thanks to Dr. Brent G. Dalrymple, Dean of the College of Oceanic & Atmospheric Sciences, and to all COAS' faculty and staff, particularly to Irma Delson, Laurie Jodice and Joy Burke, whose supporting long-distance conversations and fax transmissions encouraged me to leave the tranquility and solitude of Mexico City and move to the stressful greenery of Corvallis, Oregon. Special thanks go to all the people that made these past two and-a-half (wet) years the most sunny and memorable of my life: Chuck, Heidi, Nobu, Ham, Torio, Gaby, David, Daniel, Kelly, Emily, Pam, Erica and more whose names escape my little pea-brain at the moment. To all of you, my friends, thank you very much. Finally and most important, I'd like to thank my bride, Patricia, whose love and support have kept me happy, warm and dry, even during the coldest and wettest winter days, and whose joyful music brings not only the beat to my life, but the strength and passion to live it thoroughly. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements i Table of contents iii List of figures List of tables vii Introduction Overview 1 Background 2 Objectives 4 Description of contents 4 Chapter I - New River and the Bandon Littoral Cell General description 6 Tectonic setting 10 Geology 11 Hydrology 13 Oceanography 17 Atmospheric conditions 18 Wave climate 19 Tides and extreme water levels 22 Relative sea-level rise 25 Ecological resources 27 Chapter II - Methodology Assessment of coastal changes using aerial photos 31 Description of coastal changes 35 Long- and short-term quantitative analyses 35 Identification of factors affecting the stability of the New River Spit 39 iii Table of contents Chapter III - Study results and discussion 42 Historic coastal changes from 1939 to 1997 42 May-July, 1939 42 September, 1967 44 October, 1971 46 April, 1980 49 May, 1981 50 May, 1990 52 May-June, 1997 55 Additional sources of information 57 Long-term photo-analysis 59 Short-term photo-analysis 68 Stability of the New River Spit 74 Northward migration of the New River mouth 74 Analysis of rip current embayments 77 Chapter IV - Evolution of the Statutory Vegetation Line 81 Historic development of the SVL 81 Periodic reexaminations and adjustment of the SVL 87 Relocation of the SVL at New River 90 Current and previous requests 90 Analysis of alternatives 93 Chapter V - Conclusion 98 Summary of findings 98 Recommendations for future investigations 99 List of References 101 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure page I-1 Diagram of the Oregon coast 7 1-2 Location of the New River Spit and the Bandon Littoral Cell in the 9 southern coast of Oregon Regional tectonics in the Pacific Northwest 11 1-4 Coastal streams and water bodies in the New River sub-cell 16 1-5 Seasonal variations of significant wave breaker height along the Oregon 21 coast 1-6 Typical tide record and water levels for the Oregon coast 23 1-7 Extreme water levels calculated for Yaquina Bay, Oregon 25 1-8 Submergence rates recorded along the Oregon coast 26 1-9 Two significant ecological resources in the study area, European 29 beachgrass and Snowy plovers II-1 Distances a and b recorded from a reference point to the wetted-beach 37 mark and the line of vegetation 11-2 Location of the 15 transects used to estimate long-term changes along 38 the New River sub-cell 11-3 Parameters 1 and d describing the geometry of rip-current embayments 41 III-la Aerial photo mosaic of the New River sub-cell as of October 2, 1971 47 III-lb Aerial photo mosaic of the New River sub-cell as of May 12, 1981 51 III-lc Aerial photo mosaic of the New River sub-cell as of May 25, 1990 54 III-ld Aerial photo mosaic of the New River sub-cell as of May 17, 1997 56 111-2a Long-term analyses of the wetted-beach mark migration a. Transects 1 63 through 8 III-21) Long-term analyses of the wetted-beach mark migration a. Transects 9 64 through 15 III-3a Long-term analyses of the vegetation line migration, b. Transects 1 65 through 8 List of figures III-3b Long-term analyses of the vegetation line migration, b. Transects 9 66 through 15 111-4 Short-term analysis of the wetted-beach mark migration, a 70 111-5 Short-term analyses of the vegetation line migration, b 71 111-6 Comparison between a and b data, for the short-term analysis 72 111-7 Historic locations of the New River mouth recorded from aerial photos 75 and additional historic documents 111-8 Northward growth of the New River Spit from 1967 to 1997 76 111-9 Distribution of rip-current embayments along the New River sub-cell 79 IV-1 Barview Beach, Tillamook County, in the 1890s when the beach was 83 used as a ready-made roadway IV-2 Nye Beach at Newport, Lincoln County, in the early 1900s 83 IV-3 Location of the Kamph, Knapp and McKenzie properties west of 91 Langlois, Oregon IV-4 SVL stations along the New River sub-cell referenced to the Oregon 96 Coordinate System (ORS 93.310) vi LIST OF TABLES Table page I-1 Available streamflow data from USGS gage stations for the Coquille and 14 Sixes Rivers in southwestern Oregon 1-2 Wave data sources for the OR and WA coasts 20 1-3 Predicted monthly tides for Yaquina Bay, Bandon and Port Orford 23 II-1 List and characteristics of aerial photographs and beach mosaics 32 compiled and analyzed for the present study 11-2 USGS, 7.5 minute series, Topographic Quadrangles covering the study 34 area from Cape Arago to Cape Blanco 11-3 Reported and corrected scale factors corresponding to all sets of aerial 34 photos used in the analyses 11-4 List of historic documents providing additional information to the photo- 40 interpretation analysis III-la Recorded data for a, the distance from a reference point to the wetted- 60 beach mark, in meters for all the years of analyses 1967 through 1997 III-lb Recorded data for b, the distance from a reference point to the line of 60 vegetation, in meters for all the years of analyses 1967 through 1997 111-2 Summary statistics of rip-current embayments observed along the New 80 River sub-cell during all years of analyses 1939 through 1997 vii Analysis of coastal changes along the New River Spit INTRODUCTION Overview Among Oregon's major tourist attractions is the State's beautiful and impressive coastal scenery. Sandy beaches, usually backed by sea-cliffs or dune fields, are regularly disrupted either by the mouths of shallow bays and estuaries, or by massive rocky headlands extending hundreds of meters into the Pacific Ocean. Storm-generated waves, tides, and coastal winds are counted among the many factors that constantly change the shoreline, reshape the beaches, erode the cliffs, generate dunes and form sand spits. The thousands of tourists who visit the coast each year have the opportunity to enjoy hiking, surfing or simply walking on the beach, thanks to the State's policies and regulations adopted to provide the public with access and use of Oregon's diverse coastal natural and scenic resources. The concept of having a public easement along the coastline was first introduced by the Oregon State Senate one-hundred years ago. The 1899 General Laws of Oregon declared the coastal beaches in Clatsop County a "public highway", while the 1913 Beach Bill extended the concept from the mouth of the Columbia River south to the California border. Both laws identified the public right of use only within the tidal portion of the beach, excluding the adjoining dry sand area.
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