Dot Com Unity: Exploring the Sense of Community in the Af Gang, Idles’ Online Fan Group
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DOT COM UNITY: EXPLORING THE SENSE OF COMMUNITY IN THE AF GANG, IDLES’ ONLINE FAN GROUP Wetenschappelijke verhandeling Aantal woorden: 20.044 Emile Dekeyser Stamnummer: 01305525 Promotor: Prof. dr. Frederik Dhaenens Commissaris: Ben De Smet Masterproef voorgelegd voor het behalen van de graad master in de richting Communicatiewetenschappen afstudeerrichting Journalistiek Academiejaar: 2019-2020 Deze pagina is niet beschikbaar omdat ze persoonsgegevens bevat. Universiteitsbibliotheek Gent, 2021. This page is not available because it contains personal information. Ghent Universit , Librar , 2021. Acknowledgements I’d like to thank my mother, father, brother Basile (d’you reckon I’d get away with putting a cycling emoji between these brackets?), Robbe (riejen!!!), and Bo for their unconditional support during these intense months. Coincidence or not, a bubble of five people who I probably cherish the most, certainly now. Shout- outs to Eva as well for proofreading some passages. My sincere thanks as well to my supervisor for allowing me to write on the AF Gang and believing in this topic, as well as the supervisor from my bachelor paper last year, who referred me to prof. dr. Dhaenens. And then finally: thanks to every participant in the interviews, and the admins of the AF Gang for allowing me to write about the wonderful community they have created. KFG! This section can only end with three words. Three words I’ve noticed mean a lot to not only myself, but to all the people I have talked to throughout this research: ALL IS LOVE Emile Dekeyser August 2020 3 Table of contents Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Table of contents ............................................................................................................................................. 4 1. Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 English .................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Dutch...................................................................................................................................................... 7 2. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 8 3. Literature study ........................................................................................................................................... 9 3.1 Online fandom studies ........................................................................................................................... 9 3.2. Community in an online context ........................................................................................................ 10 3.2.a. Shaping online community: the Medium-force ........................................................................... 12 3.2.b. Shaping online community: the Topic-force ................................................................................ 14 3.2.c. Shaping online community: cluster of forces connected to the members .................................. 16 4. Research design ......................................................................................................................................... 17 4.1. Research goal ...................................................................................................................................... 17 4.2. Methods .............................................................................................................................................. 17 4.3. Sample ................................................................................................................................................ 18 4.4. Interview structure ............................................................................................................................. 18 4.5. Ethical reflections ............................................................................................................................... 19 5. Analysis ...................................................................................................................................................... 20 5.1. The role of the Medium-force ............................................................................................................ 20 5.2. The role of the Topic-force ................................................................................................................. 25 5.3. The role of the Members-force .......................................................................................................... 32 5.4. The role of the Influential Members-force ......................................................................................... 39 5.5. The role of the Offline Contexts of the Members-force ..................................................................... 43 5.6. The role of the Meetups-force (additional force) .............................................................................. 44 6. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................. 46 6.1. Main conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 46 6.2. Limitations .......................................................................................................................................... 49 7. Works cited ............................................................................................................................................... 50 4 8. Appendices ................................................................................................................................................ 57 Appendix I: Sample matrix ......................................................................................................................... 57 Appendix II: interview questionnaire ........................................................................................................ 58 5 1. Abstract 1.1 English This study focuses on the AF Gang, a Facebook group formed by fans of the British rock band IDLES in 2017. It aims to provide an insight on the establishment of a sense of community in the group that allows its members to move beyond their object of fandom and encourages them to open up about all kinds of personal issues, from mental health issues, over other medical conditions, to grief and loss. In order to do so, we draw on five ‘online community-shaping forces’ reported by Baym (2000): the medium, the topic, the members, the influential members, and the members’ offline contexts. Through qualitative in-depth interviews with a sample of eleven AF Gang members and further contextualisation using relevant document analysis concerning both the AF Gang Facebook group and IDLES’ music, we have collected a fairly wide range of roles these forces play in the case study. Most of the collected data pointed at the importance of the topic (IDLES) and the influential members (the admins of the group). The specific way in which IDLES presents its prosocial messages of inclusivity and self- love is considered to play a central role in shaping, as well as maintaining, the sense of community. The impact of the influential members was mostly observed through the use of particular AF Gang traditions established by the admins, such as the slogan “all is love”, which regularly returns, making it an implicit code of conduct. However, the discussion cannot be reduced to these two forces, as examining the other forces provided valuable information as well. Two specific features of Facebook (the medium) are an example of this: the emoji reaction buttons and the participants’ experience of a sense of realness are also believed to play a role in shaping the sense of community in this case study. 6 1.2 Dutch Deze studie focust op de AF Gang, een Facebookgroep opgericht door fans van de Britse rockband IDLES in 2017. De studie tracht inzicht te verschaffen op het gemeenschapsgevoel dat gecreëerd wordt, en de leden toelaat voorbij hun fan object te gaan, alsook hen aanmoedigt openlijk te praten over persoonlijke problematiek, van mentale gezondheidsproblemen, over andere medische problemen, tot verdriet en verlies. Om in ons opzet te slagen baseerden we op ons vijf ‘gemeenschapsvormende krachten’ gerapporteerd door Baym (2000): het medium, de topic, de leden, de invloedrijke leden, en de offline context van de leden. Via kwalitatieve diepte-interviews met een sample van elf leden en verdere contextualisatie via relevante documentaire analyse van de Facebookgroep en IDLES’ muziek, verzamelden wij een brede waaier aan rollen die deze krachten spelen in de casestudie. Het merendeel van de verzamelde data wijst op het belang van de topic (IDLES) en de invloedrijke leden (de beheerders van de groep). De specifieke manier waarin IDLES hun prosociale boodschappen van inclusiviteit en eigenliefde verkondigt wordt gezien als iets dat een centrale rol speelt in het vormen, en behouden van het gemeenschapsgevoel. De impact van de invloedrijke leden wordt vooral duidelijk door het gebruik